Happy Tuesday!! Turn in your vocab to the box on my desk

We will take our Test Review Quiz after announcements

Republican Revolution

Jefferson’s Presidency

Thomas Jefferson Election of 1800- Jefferson (D-R) v. Adams (Fed.)

Marked the first time that power was transferred from one party to another- REVOLUTION OF 1800

“we are all Federalists, we are all Democratic-Republicans”

Jefferson helps the common man Repeals the excise tax and the Naturalization Act Alien and Sedition Acts expire

Marbury v.Madison(1803) Background While Adams was President he appointed John

Marshall, a Federalist, to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court His decisions consistently strengthened the power of the federal

government at the expense of the power of state governments

Prior to leaving office, Adams pushed through the Judiciary Act of 1801, which increased the number of federal judges to 16 Filled these positions with Federalists

Called “midnight judges” b/c Adams signed their appointments late on his last day of office

Marbury v. Madison Case William Marbury was one of these judges but

never received his official papers James Madison was Jefferson’s Secretary of

State and Jefferson orders Madison not to deliver the papers “too late, sorry!”

Marbury petitions Madison to send his papers, citing the Judiciary Act of 1789 JA 1789 gives the Supreme Court the power to

force Madison to perform his duties and deliver the papers

Marbury v. Madison Arguments Issue: Does Marbury have the right to the

commission (the job)? Marbury argues: the commission was signed,

sealed but never delivered therefore had the right to sue Madison for not following though

Madison argues: He was following Jefferson’s orders. Because the commission had not been delivered under Adams, the appointment had not be completed

Marbury v. Madison Decision John Marshall decides that the section of the

Judiciary Act of 1789 that gives the court authority to force Madison to perform his duties was unconstitutional Therefore is voided by the Court

Significance: Decision established JUDICIAL REVIEW- the ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional**

As a D-R, Jefferson believed in: Rights of the common man Farming and agriculture States rights Strict interpretation of the constitution France Low tariffs Small military

Louisiana Purchase Americans continue their migration west over the

Appalachians 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte of France persuaded

Spain to return the LA Territory Jefferson feared a strong French presence in the

mid-continent would force the U.S. into an alliance with Britain

T.J. worried the French would close the port of New Orleans and block development west

LA Purchase continued Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris to

negotiate the purchase of New Orleans and LA Territory from France U.S. bought the territory for $15 million

T.J. worried that this is unconstitutional Eased by the elastic clause

The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States

Jefferson partially abandons strict interpretation of the Constitution

Lewis and Clark Jefferson appointed Meriwether Lewis to lead an

expedition called the Corp of Discovery from St. Louis to the Pacific coast T.J. ordered them to collect scientific information about

unknown plants and animals and to learn as much as possible about Native American tribes

William Clark chosen as 2nd in command Met- Sacajawea- Native American woman who

served as a guide and interpreter Expedition took 2 years and 4 months

Happy Wednesday!! Turn in “EXERCISE B” of your Marbury v. Madison

DBQ

NO DAILY QUIZ TODAY, we will do the Test Review Quiz

Republican Revolution

War of 1812

Britain v. France 1803, Britain and France go to war- AGAIN!

Threatens American shipping Napoleon tries to exclude British goods from

Europe Britain blockades (seals off) its ports and prevent

ships from entering or leaving Order of Council

Britain also forcing American sailors into the British Navy (impressments)

Chesapeake Incident (1807) Commander of a British warship demanded

the right to board and search the US ship Chesapeake Looking for British deserters

US captain refused, and the British opened fire Killing 3 Americans, wounding 18

Embargo Act (1807) Jefferson convinces Congress to declare an

embargo- ban on exporting products to other countries Believed it would hurt Britain and other European

powers and force them to honor American neutrality

Hurt America more and in 1809 the embargo was lifted

Except for Britain and France- still couldn’t trade with them

Tecumseh’s Confederacy 1809- General William Henry Harrison

(governor of Indiana Territory) persuaded Native American tribes to sign away 3 million acres of land to the US gov’t

Shawnee chief Tecumseh refused- formed a confederacy- a united Native American nation Began negotiating with Britain for assistance in war

with Americans

War Hawks call for War 1811- Tecumseh's brother led an attack on

Harrison- Battle of Tippecanoe Native Americans were using arms from British Canada Harrison strikes back and burned the Shawnee capital

Harrison becomes a national hero

Young Congressmen from the South and West known as WAR HAWKS called for war against Britain Led by Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and

Henry Clay of Kentucky (Speaker of the House of Representatives)

Motto was “On to Canada!”

James Madison as President Democratic-Republican- won election of

1808 Both Britain and France promised to stop

violating US rights but impressments still going on

Congress declared war in 1812 Madison believed Britain was trying to strangle

American trade and cripple American economy

War of 1812 Declared war in June 1812 Britain repealed the Orders of Council

(impressments) but it was too late US was unprepared for war

British captured Detroit and US failed to take Montreal

British invaded Washington D.C. in 1814 Burned the Capitol, White House and other public buildings From there they proceeded to Baltimore and attacked Fort

McHenry

War of 1812 cont. During the fighting, Francis Scott Key wrote

the poem “Defense of Fort McHenry” Later put to the tune of an old pub song and

became the “Star Spangled Banner”

Battle of New Orleans 1815: Led by General Andrew Jackson Troops defeated the British Fighting ended after this battle

Treaty of Ghent Unknown to Jackson, British and American

diplomats had signed a peace treaty, before battle of NO

Signed Christmas Eve 1814- declared an armistice (end fighting) Didn’t address the issue of impressments or

neutral shipping rights

Happy Wednesday!! Turn in your War of 1812 maps if you didn’t

do it last class.

No daily quiz again we have too much to do!

Republican RevolutionRegional Economies

Regional Developments The North and South developed different

economic systems Led to political differences between regions

North- commercial and industrial South- slave based agricultural system

An Industrial Revolution Changes resulting from machines replacing

hand tools and large-scale factory production developed

New England invested in industry more than any other region Lowell, Mass.- 1st large scale textile factories

Employed young, unmarried women

Eli Whitney Inventor who dramatically impacted the

development of the US economy Interchangeable parts-involved the use of gun

parts that were exactly alike Significance: factories are the new centers of

industry- MASS PRODUCTION- producing goods in large quantities

Cotton gin- machine that separated seeds from raw cotton Significance: made growing of cotton more profitable-

EXPANSION OF SLAVERY

Northern Economy Manufacturing in factories Some agriculture

Mostly self-sufficient farmers Major agricultural products: corn, wheat, cattle No slave labor

Southern Economy AGRICULTURE “Cotton is King”

Cotton gin made it easier to grow and easy to process= more profit

High demand for cotton in Great Britian and New England textile mills

Plantations expanded into the lower/deep south Slavery expanded as cotton production expanded

How do we keep our country together? As the country develops into 2 significantly

different regions, Madison looks for ways to unite the regions Create a strong stable self-sufficient economy

Stop and Think If the country is dividing, what kind of things

can we do the keep it together and continue to promote “nationalism”?

Henry Clay and the American System Plan to unify the nation (economically)

Industrial north would produce the manufactured goods that farmers in the south and west would buy

Agricultural south would produce most of the grain, meat and cotton needed in the north

National currency and transportation system would aid in the exchange of goods

America would be economically independent of Britain and France

American System continued Also included internal improvements

National Roads-federal highways started in 1811 and eventually connected MD-IL

Erie Canal- 363 miles from Albany, NY on the Hudson River to Buffalo, NY on Lake Erie

Significance: connected the Great Lakes region of the Northwest to the Atlantic Ocean. Also made NYC most important port city

Protective Tariffs Tax on imported goods to PROTECT

American manufacturing Tariff of 1816- 1st one passed by Congress

Money collected would be used for internal improvements

Support from north but not South

Stop and Think Why would the North support protective

tariffs but not the South?

Second Bank of the US Issued national currency Hold all taxes collected by the federal

government Charted for 20 years in 1816

Happy Tuesday!!!! Pick up an Agenda on the stand in the front

and start working on the warm-up on the back

Republican Revolution

Nationalism

Nationalism (Stop and Think) What is Nationalism?

Why is it important at this time in history?

Nationalism and the Supreme Court John Marshall and the SC continue to boost

the power of the federal government Examples can be seen in 3 important court

cases heard by the Supreme Court Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

Gibbons v. Ogden Ogden had been granted a monopoly to run a

steamboat service between NY and NJ on the Hudson River

Gibbons started a competing service and was sued by Ogden

Marshall ruled that Ogden’s monopoly was illegal interstate commerce could only be regulated by fed

gov’t

Significance: Congress had the power to regulate ALL interstate commerce

McCulloch v. Maryland MD had taxed a branch of the national bank

located in Baltimore Marshall ruled that the fed gov’t is supreme

over state gov’t States cannot tax a federal institution

“THE POWER TO TAX IS THE POWER TO DESTROY”

Significance: nat’l bank declared constitutional (implied powers)

Federal gov’t’s control over economic issues is strengthened

Dartmouth College v. Woodward New Hampshire wanted to alter the charter

of Dartmouth making it a state school Marshall ruled that the charter was a

contract and the Constitution didn’t allow states to interfere with contracts

Significance: weakens the power of the state governments

Nationalism and Foreign Policy James Monroe- 5th President (Dem. Rep) John Quincy Adams- Secretary of State

“Stop and think”- What does the Secretary of State do?

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)- Signed with Great Britain Demilitarized the Great Lakes region by limiting the

number of ships each country could have there

Nationalism and Foreign Policy Continued Convention of 1818-Signed with Great

Britian Fixed the northern border of the US at the 49 th

parallel to the Rocky Mountains in the west Oregon Territory would be jointly occupied by U.S.

and Great Britain

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)- Signed with Spain Spain ceded Florida to the United States

Monroe Doctrine Spain and Portugal defeated Napoleon (France)

in 1815, and wanted to reclaim territory in Latin America

Russians had been in Alaska since 1784, and established trading posts in present day California

With all these countries moving in, US had to do something Many Americans wanted to get northern Mexico and

Cuba from Spain Russians posed a threat to American trade with China

Monroe Doctrine cont. Monroe warned European powers not to

intervene with the affairs of the Western Hemisphere No new colonies in the Americas for European

powers (Latin America is closed off!) Western Hemisphere nations were different from

European nations in terms of government Republics v. monarchies

US will not interfere in internal European affairs Any attempt by European powers to impose their

control over W. Hem. Independent states is a threat to peace and safety

Stop and Think! if NATIONALism is putting the needs of the

country above the needs of all else, what do you think SECTIONALism is?

Westward movement results in Sectionalism As Americans move west, more and more

territories begin to apply for admission to the US

More states = more representatives in Congress

The growing issue of slavery will begin to divide the country and their interests both economically and politically

Missouri Compromise (1820)- background 1819, Missouri applied for admission to the

US as a state At the time there were 11 free states (North)

and 11 slave states (South) Equal representation in the Senate

Missouri’s admission to the Union would upset the balance

Henry Clay comes up with a compromise to solve the issue

Missouri Compromise Terms Maine admitted to the Union as free Missouri admitted to Union as slave Draw a line at the 36 30’ latitude line to

divide the rest of the Louisiana Territory North of line (except MO)- slavery illegal South of line- slavery legal

Significance: balance in the Senate and temporarily settles the issue of the expansion of slavery