K. Thome , T. Heyd , D. Mantziaras , J. Hendrickson, A. Kelly
Reproductive system 35/pdf... · 2012. 1. 25. · Male reproductive system. Structure of testes •...
Transcript of Reproductive system 35/pdf... · 2012. 1. 25. · Male reproductive system. Structure of testes •...
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Reproductive systemReproductive systemReproductive system
Dr. Carmen E. Dr. Carmen E. RexachRexachAnatomy 35Anatomy 35
Mt San Antonio CollegeMt San Antonio College
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Male Reproductive Tract
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Male reproductive system
• Gonads = testes– primary organ responsible for sperm
production – development/maintenance of secondary
sex characteristics• Gametes = sperm
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Male reproductive system
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Structure of testes• Tunica albuginea• Seminiferous tubules
– highly coiled – sealed by the blood
testis barrier– Site of sperm
production• located in testicular
lobules
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Sertoli cells
• Nursing cells or sustentacular cells– form the blood
testis barrier – support sperm
development
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• Sperm formed by two processes– meiosis
• Cell division resulting in genetically varied cells with only one complete set of DNA (remember…our cells have two complete sets!)
– spermiogenesis• morphological changes as sperm
develop in tubule system
Development of sperm
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Seminiferous tubules
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Structure of sperm
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Leydig Cells
• Interstitial endocrinocytes
• Located between seminiferous tubules
• secrete testosterone
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The long and winding road…
• Seminiferous tubules rete testis epididymis
vas deferens ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra membranous urethra penile urethra
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Epididymis• Sperm “swim school”• comma shaped organ
that arches over the posterior and lateral side of the testis
• stores spermatozoa until ejaculation or absorption
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Vas Deferens• extends from the
epididymis• passes posterior to the
urinary bladder• meets the spermatic
blood vessels to become the spermatic cord
• passes into the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct
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Seminal Vesicles • Bilateral• on the
posterior/inferior aspect of the urinary bladder
• produce 60% of semen
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Prostate gland • located inferior to
the urinary bladder• surrounds the
prostatic urethra• size and shape of a
chestnut• secretes about 1/3
of semen
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Bulbourethral(Cowper’s)Gland
• located inferior to the prostate and superior to the penis
• secretes an alkaline substance prior to ejaculation
• neutralizes acid from urine
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Penis• cavernous erectile
tissue that becomes engorged with blood during erection– corpus spongiosum:
surrounds the penile urethra
– corpora cavernosa: 2, located on the dorsal aspect of the penis
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Penis• Glans
– enlarged tip of the penis• Prepuce
– cuff of loose skin that covers the glans
– removed during circumcision
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scrotum
• a thin sac of skin, superficial fascia and smooth muscle (dartos)
• holds the testes outside of the body• reduced temperature aids in
development of sperm
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cremaster muscle
• skeletal muscle fibers extending from the internal oblique muscle
• responsible for elevating the testis
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tunica of the testis
• tunica vaginalis– outpouching of the
peritoneal cavity– a serous sac
• tunica albuginea– the fibrous capsule
of the testes
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Female reproductive tract
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Female reproductive system• Gonads = ovaries
– almond shaped– flank the uterus on either side– within the peritoneal cavity– attached to the uterus and body wall by
ligaments• Gametes = oocytes
– released from the ovary during ovulation– Develop within ovarian follicles
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ovarian follicles• layers of epithelial cells surrounding ova• Primordial follicle
– most immature of follicles• Primary follicle
– single layer of follicular (granulosa) cells• Secondary
– more than one layer and growing cavities• Graafian
– Fluid filled antrum– ovum supported by many layers of follicular cells– Ovum surrounded by corona radiata
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corpus luteum
• Ovulation releases the oocyte with the corona radiata
• Leaves behind the rest of the Graafianfollicle
• Follicle becomes corpus luteum• Continues to secrete hormones to support
possible pregnancy until placenta becomes secretory or no implantation
• Becomes corpus albicans when no longer functional
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Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes
• ciliated tubes allowing for passage of the ovum to the uterus and sperm toward the ovum
• fertilization should occur within 1st third from the ovary
• fimbriae– finger like projections that cover the ovary and
sway, drawing the ovum inside after ovulation
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Histology of uterine tubes
• Four regions– Fimbriae– Ampulla– Isthmus– Intramural region
• Three layers– Mucosa– Muscularis– Serosa
• Mucosa has longitudinal folds
• Simple columnar epithelium– Peg cells = provide
nutrition to sperm and aid in capacitation
– Ciliated cells = beat in unison
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Uterus • a muscular, hollow organ – supports the
embryo/fetus during pregnancy
• Three layers– Endometrium
• inner lining of columnar epithelium
• highly modified during pregnancy
– Myometrium• smooth muscle layer
– Perimetrium• adventitia of the uterus
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Uterine ligaments
• broad – spans the width of
the uterus• round
– perpendicular to the broad ligament
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Regions of uterus• Fundus
– superior most area• Body
– longest part of the uterus
• Cervix– necklike region of the
uterus that extends into the vagina
– internal and external osare the openings of the cervix
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Histology of the uterus
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Vagina
• birth canal – thin walled expandable tube – posterior to the urethra and anterior to
the rectum– folded with rugae
• hymen – vascular covering to the vagina
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Histology of vagina
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External Genitalia• Labia
– folds that protect the vestibule• major
– dry skin with hair• minor
– moist mucus membrane
• clitoris – homolog to the penis
• contains erectile tissue, a glans, body and prepuce• Perineum
– diamond shaped region containing the urethral orifice, external genitalia, and anus.
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