Reproduction: Anatomy and Puberty

Before we begin…•We need to be mature and respectful during this unit.•If you have questions, ask!•Why do we need to know the Male and Female Reproductive Systems?

Male Reproductive System

Functions•To produce, store, and deliver sperm•Sperm – male reproductive cell•How many chromosomes are in each human sperm cell? •How many chromosomes are in EVERY OTHER CELL of the human body?

Male I nsideMale I nside

Make Fluid for Semen


Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm

Sperm Mature, Travel Through


Produce Sperm & Male Hormones


Holds UrineHolds Urine

Urine & Semen Leave Body


Copyright ©2006-2008 by J anet P. Realini, M.D., M.P.H.

ANATOMY DIAGRAM for Poster or Transparency, for ACTIVITY 2.2




Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm








Testicle






Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm








Epididymis

Testicle






Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm








Vas Deferens

Epididymis

Testicle






Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm








Bladder

Vas Deferens

Epididymis

Testicle






Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm








Bladder

Seminal Vesicle

Vas Deferens

Epididymis

Testicle






Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm








Bladder

Seminal Vesicle

Vas Deferens

Epididymis

Testicle

Prostate Gland






Pathway for Sperm

Pathway for Sperm








Bladder

UrethraSeminal Vesicle

Vas Deferens

Epididymis

Testicle

Prostate Gland



Penis

External Reproductive Organs• Testes – two small glands that secrete testosterone and produce sperm• Scrotum – sac which houses the testes. • Penis – tube-shaped organ that extends from the body just above the testes

The male penis…•When penis becomes erect, semen can be ejected from the body•Semen – thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions •A series of muscular contractions occurs, thus creating an ejaculation – expulsion of semen from the male penis. •Nocturnal Emissions may occur – ejaculation that occurs during sleep. This is perfectly normal!

Internal Organs•Epididymis – tube above the testis in which sperm is matured and stored•Vas Deferens – long tube which carries sperm to an organ called the seminal vesicle

Internal Organs •Prostate gland – secretions from this gland combine with the sperm to form semen. •Seminal Vesicle – produces fluid that mixes with sperm to nourish the sperm and make it more mobile•These three are known as accessory glands.•Semen exits the body through the urethra

5 Ways to Keep the Male Reproductive System Healthy

1. Bathe regularly2. Wear protective athletic equipment3. Practice abstinence – not having sex before marriage to avoid STDs4. Perform self-exams to check for cancer5. Get regular check-ups!

1. Bathe regularly•All males should wash pubic area with soap and water

2. Wear protective athletic equipment•Males should use a cup with an athletic supporter during sports to prevent injury.

3. Practice abstinence before marriage•This will help you avoid STDs•This will help protect you against the emotional and personal injury premature sex can cause

4. Perform self-exams•To check for testicular cancer

5. Get regular check-ups!•You should see a doctor at least twice year for a routine physical examination

Problems with male reproductive health

•Cancer•Testicular cancer•Occurs mostly between ages of 14-40•Mostly treatable with early detection

•Prostate cancer• The prostate gland can become enlarged due to tumors• The earlier you detect this, the greater the chance of recovery.

•Sterility – inability to reproduce•Result of too few sperm or sperm of poor quality•May be caused by:• Exposure to chemicals, lead, x-rays, radiation• Hormonal imbalances, STDs, steroids

Puberty in Males•During early teen years (9-15) the male body starts to produce testosterone – a hormone.•Testosterone triggers many physical changes• Broader shoulders•Development of muscles• Facial/body hair (pubic, underarm, leg)•Deep Voice•Growth and maturation of genitalia

• These changes are called “secondary sex characteristics” • After puberty, a male is capable of producing sperm for the rest of his life.

Females

Functions1. Produce female hormones – estrogen and progesterone2. Storage and production of eggs

Female I nsideFemale I nside

Allows for Birth,Menstrual Flow &

Sexual I ntercourse


Sexual I ntercourse

Pathway f or Egg; Fertilization Occurs Here

Pathway for Egg; Fertilization Occurs Here

Dilates in Labor;Where Pap Smear

is Done


is Done

Fetus Grows I nside

Fetus Grows I nside

Produce Eggs & Female

Hormones


Hormones

Copyright ©2006, 2007 by J anet P. Realini, M.D., M.P.H.




Sexual I ntercourse


Sexual I ntercourse




is Done


is Done

Fetus Grows I nside

Fetus Grows I nside


Hormones


Hormones



Allows for birth & menstrual flow



Sexual I ntercourse


Sexual I ntercourse




is Done


is Done

Fetus Grows I nside

Fetus Grows I nside


Hormones


Hormones

Ovary






Sexual I ntercourse


Sexual I ntercourse




is Done


is Done

Fetus Grows I nside

Fetus Grows I nside


Hormones


Hormones

OvaryFallopian Tube






Sexual I ntercourse


Sexual I ntercourse




is Done


is Done

Fetus Grows I nside

Fetus Grows I nside


Hormones


Hormones

OvaryFallopian Tube

Uterus






Sexual I ntercourse


Sexual I ntercourse




is Done


is Done

Fetus Grows I nside

Fetus Grows I nside


Hormones


Hormones

OvaryFallopian Tube

Uterus

Cervix






Sexual I ntercourse


Sexual I ntercourse




is Done


is Done

Fetus Grows I nside

Fetus Grows I nside


Hormones


Hormones

OvaryFallopian Tube

Uterus

Cervix

Vagina




Parts and functions1. Ovaries – female sex glands that store ova (eggs) and produce female sex hormones.

2. Uterus – hollow, muscular, pear-shaped organ that nourishes and protects fetus

3. Fallopian Tubes – pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the egg (ovum)

More parts and functions5. Cervix – opening of the

uterus6. Vagina – muscular, elastic

passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

To put it in perspective…

What is ovulation?• Ovulation – the process of releasing a mature egg into the fallopian tube each month.

Ovulation (releasing of Ovum)

Menstruation•1. Menstruation is the shedding of the lining of the uterus (or endometrium).•2. When females mature and go through puberty, the uterus prepares each month for possible pregnancy by increasing bloodflow to the endometrium causing the walls to thicken.•3. If no fertilization takes place, endometrium deteriorates and leaves the body – this is called menstrual flow.

Menstruation•Most females begin their menstrual cycle between ages of 8-14.•Hormones control menstrual cycle•Cycles can be irregular or regular•Stress, illness, low body weight, and poor nutrition can impact the cycle. •Menstruation occurs from the onset of puberty until menopause – end of a female’s productive years (usually 45-55 years old)

Menstruation Cycle•Days 1-4: Lining of the uterus sloughs off and the dead tissue and blood leave the body

• Days 5-12: Lining of the uterus repairs itself and menstrual flow stops

•Days 13-15: Ovulation occurs (release of egg from ovary) PREGNANCY MOST OFTEN OCCURS AT THIS TIME!!!

•Days 16-25: The lining of the uterus again thickens

•Days 26-28: The lining breaks down and is about to leave the body.

Menstruation (period)

Uterus gets ready for the egg

Ovulation (egg is released)

Uterus lining gets even thicker

Four ways to keep the female reproductive system healthy

1. Bathe regularly2. Regular checkups3. Practice abstinence4. Self-exams

1. Bathe regularly•Shower often, using only water (not soap) in your genital area•Be sure to wash very carefully during menstruation•Be careful about using clean and frequently replacing used sanitary napkins during your period

2. Regular checkups•Doctors will help keep your reproductive health good. As you grow older, you may have to have pap smears and mammograms to check for cervical and breast cancer

3. Practice abstinence• Refrain from sexual activity until marriage to protect against STDs as well as the emotional and mental damage premature sex can cause

4. Self-exams• To check for breast cancer

Potential problems for the female reproductive system1. Menstrual Cramps – occur during a girl’s

period. Light exercise or heating pad my relieve some pain. If pain is severe, doctor may prescribe medication

2. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) – caused by hormonal changes. Occurs one to two weeks before menstruation. Symptoms include anxiety, irritability, weight gain, depression, mood swings, and fatigue

3. Cervical and ovarian cancer – early sexual activity and certain STDs can increase the risk of these cancers. Get regular exams!

Puberty in Females•Development of secondary sex characteristics•Breast development•Body hair (pubic hair, underarm hair, leg hair)•Body growth

•First period – menarche

Puberty in both males and females

•Both genders experience:•Changes in body shape•Increased height•Hair growth•Acne•Body odor•Secondary sex characteristics

Your emotions change too – you

might be more angry or sad than

usual.

Reproduction: Anatomy and Puberty

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