Reporting Area 3

Postclassical CivilizationsReporting Category 3JustinianByzantine EmporerCodification of Roman LawJustinian CodeBasis for Western Legal systemsReconquest of former Roman TerritoriesExpansion of TradeConstantinoples location was at the center of trade routes

Byzantine AchievementsArt and ArchitectureByzantine CultureInspiration provided by Christian religion and Imperial PowerIcons (religious images)Mosaics in public & religious structures (pieces of colored tile or glass)Hagia Sophia Domed Church in ConstantinopleContinued traditions of Greco-Roman cultureGreek LanguageGreek Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox)Greek & Roman Knowledge was preserved in Byzantine LibrariesDivision in the Christian ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchEastern Orthodox ChurchCentered in RomeFarther from the seat of power after Constantinople became capitalUse of Latin in the LiturgyPope was the Head of the ChurchNo Emperor to answer toCentered in ConstantinopleClose to the seat of power after Constantinople became capitalUse of Greek in the liturgyPatriarch was head of churchUnderneath the EmperorDivision in the Christian ChurchThe Great Schism Split in the Christian ChurchAuthority of the Pope was eventually accepted in the WestAuthority of the Patriarch was accepted in the EastDifferences is Church PracticesCelibacyUse of IconsLanguageByzantine Culture, Eastern Europe, & RussiaConstantinople was located on the trade routes between the Black and Baltic SeasMuch of Eastern Europe, as well as Russia, adopted Eastern Orthodox ChristianitySt. Cyril adapted the Greek alphabet for the Slavic People (Cyrillic Alphabet)Influence on Church architecture and religious artChurch Architecture

Byzantine ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchOrigins, Beliefs, Customs, & Spread of IslamMuhammad, the ProphetMecca & Median Early Muslim cities on the Saudi Arabian peninsulaIslam spread across Asia and Africa, and into SpainMonotheistic Allah (Arabic word for God)Quran (Koran) The word of God (Holy Book)Five Pillars of Islam Basis of beliefsAcceptance of Judeo-Christian prophets, including Abraham, Moses, and Jesus

Historical Turning Points in ISLAMThe death of Muhammad led to a split in the Islamic FaithSunni Shia divisionMuslim conquests of JerusalemChristian attempts to recapture Jerusalem - CrusadesUmayyad Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to DamascusAbbasid Dynasty moved the Muslim capital to BaghdadMuslims defeated by Charles Martel (Franks) at the Battle of ToursEnd of Muslim Expansion into Western EuropeFall of Baghdad to the MongolsEnd of Muslim EmpireCultural Contributions of Muslim EmpireArchitecture (The Dome of the Rock)MosaicsArabic AlphabetUniversitiesTranslation of Ancient texts into Arabic

Cultural Contributions of the Muslim Empire

The Dome of the RockMosaicsArabic Alphabet(Calligraphy)UniversitiesScientific Contributions of the Muslim WorldArabic Numerals Adapted from IndiaIncluded ZeroAlgebraMedicineExpansion of Geographic KnowledgeFoundations of Early Medieval SocietyClassical Heritage of RomeChristian BeliefsCustoms of Germanic tribesInfluence of the Roman Catholic ChurchSecular authority declined, while Church authority grewMonasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievementsMissionaries carried Christianity & Latin alphabet to Germanic TribesPope anointed Charlemagne Holy Roman Emporer in 800 A.D.Parish Priest served the social and religious needs of the peopleAge of CharlemagneFranks emerged as a Western European forceThe Pope crowned the Emperor in 800 A.D.The churchs power was established in politicsRoman culture was reinterpretedMost of Western Europe was a part of this new EmpireChurches, Roads, and Schools were built to unite the Empire