Report No. 1534b-IND Indonesia Appraisal of a...

Report No. 1534b-IND FILE CIndonesiaAppraisal of a Second Population ProjectAnnexes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 13May 31, 1977

Population Projects Department

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

U

Document of the World Bank

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may nototherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENT

US$1 = Rupiahs (Rp) 415

Rp 1 = US$0.002Rp 1,000,000 = US$2,410

Government of Indonesia Fiscal Year: April 1 to March 31

ABBREVIATIONS

ABRI = Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia

ANM = Auxiliary Nurse MidwifeBAPPENAS = National Development and Planning Agency

GOI = Government of IndonesiaIPPA = Indonesia Planned Parenthood AssociationIPPF = International Planned Parenthood FederationTUD = Intra Uterine DeviceKAP = Knowledge, Attitude and PracticeLEKNAS = Indonesian Institute of SciencesMCH/FP = Maternal and Child Health/Family Planning

MOH = Ministry of HealthNFPCB = National Family Planning Coordinating Board

PKK = Community Health NursePTC = Provincial Training CentreSTC = Sub-provincial Training CentreTFR = Total Fertility RateUNESCO = United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNFPA = United Nations Fund for Population ActivitiesUNICEF = United Nations Children's FundUSAID = United States Agency for International DevelopmentVCDC = Village Contraceptive Distribution Centre

WHO = World Health Organization

GLOSSARY

BUPATI - Chief Executive of the Kabupaten or Regency

CAMAT - Executive Head of the Kecamatan or Sub-districtDUKUN = Indigeneous MidwifeINPRES - Presidential InstructionKABUPATEN - Administrative Sub-division of a ProvinceKECAMATAN - Administrative Sub-district

LURAH - Village HeadmanPENMAS - Community Education ProgramPUSKESMAS - Kecamatan Health Centre

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

INDONESIA II: BASIC DATA

Total Area ................... .................................... 1,904,345 km

Total Population - latest Census (1971) ......................... 119.2 million- latest Estimate (December 1976) .. ............ 134.8 million

Density per km (1971) - Indonesia ............... .. ............. 63- Java and Madura ........................ 565

Rate of Natural Increase (1976) ................................. 2.2%

Birth Rate (1976) ............................................... 40

Death Rate (1976) ............................................... 18

Life Expectancy at Birth (1973) ................................. 47.5 years

Urban Population as Percent of Total Population (1971) .......... 17

1dul.t .,iteracy Rate in Percent (1971) - Males ......... .......... 72- Females ................. 50- Total Adult Population .. 61

Primary School Enrollment in Percent (1971) - Males ............. 62- Females ........... 58

- Total Population

(aged 7-12) ..... 60

Age Structure in Percent (1976) - 0 - 14 years .... ............. 44

- 15 - 64 years .... ............. 54

- 65 and over ... .................. 2

Women aged 15-44 (1976) ..................... 29 millionPopulation per Physician (1972) .. 21,000Population per Nurse (1972).. 6,000Population per Auxiliary Nursing Personnel (midwife) (1972) 25,000Population per Hospital Bed (1972) .1,500New Acceptors Recruited by the National Family Planning Program - 9.0 million

Cumulative through March 1977

Current Family Planning Users (March 1977) - Java and Bali ... 3.5 million

- 10 Provinces in

Other Islands .3 million

Current Family Planning Users as Percentage of Married Women aged 15-44(March 1977) - Java and Bali.... 24.1%

- 10 Provinces in

Other Islands 6.2%

GNP at Market Prices (1973) .. .......................... US$15.9 billion

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only it the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without Wwrd Dank autho>rization.

INDONESIA

APPRAISAL, OF A SECOND POPULATION PROJECT

Table of Contents

Page No.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS i - iii

I. INTRODUCTION ....

II. RECENT DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ....

III. FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM AliD SERVICES .... 3

IV. JOINT IDA/UNFPA-ASSISTED PROJECT. . . . 7

V. NFPCB's MEDIUM-TERM PLANS ............................. 10

VI. THE PROJECT ........................................... 12

A. Objectives and Components . . 12

B. Mobile Family Planning Services ........ .......... 13

C. Family Planning Training .......... .. ............. 14

D. Family Planning and Population Centres ........... 17

E. Population Education ........... .......... 17

F. Research ............. 18

VII. PROJECT COST, FINANCING, DISBURSEMENT ANDIMPLEMENTATION .......... 22

A. Cost .... ...... 22

B. Proposed Financing .... .. .... 24

C. Disbursement and Accounts .......... 24

D. Procurement .... ...... 26

E. Implementation . .. ..................... 27

VIII. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ............................... 27

IX. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................... 29

This report is based on the findings of a mission in October

1976 to Indonesia, composed of Messrs. H. M. Jones, D. B. Mills, A. Shaw,

C. Chandrasekaran, and Dr. K. V. Ranganathan of the Bank, and Dr. F. Bayan,

consultant to the Bank. The report was prepared bv MIr. Jones from the

contributions of mission members.

Table of Contents (Continued)

Annexes

*1. Demographic Background

*2. The National Family Planning Program*3. The Joint IDA/UNFPA-Assisted Project*4. NFPCB Medium-Term Plans5. MIobile Family Planning Services6. Family Planning Training7. Family Planning and Population Centres8. Population Education9. Community Incentive Scheme10. Oral Contraceptive Raw Materials

Feasibility Study11. Project Cost Estimates12. Estimated Disbursement Schedule*13. Schedule of Civil Works

Map

IBRD 12696: Indonesia: Administration and Population

* Available on request from the Population Projects Department.

ANNEX IPage 1

INDONESIA II: DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND

A. Population Characteristics

Population Size and Distribution

1. Indonesia is the fifth most populous country in the world. Thepopulation count recorded by the most recent Census taken on Septimber 24,1971 was 119.2 million. With a total land area 2f 1.9 million km the densityof population on that date was 63 persons per km , rather more moderate andlower than that of Asia (78) or India (172). However, 64% of the Indonesianslived in Java, including Madura, which accounts for less than 7% of the landarea and had a density of 565 persons per km in 1971, almost twice that ofthe densely-populated countries in Northwest Europe, such as the Netherlands(326) or Belgium (318), and higher than in Bangladesh (510). 1/ The 22provinces of Indonesia, excluding Java and Madura, have a much lower densitywith large differences among them. Bali had a density close to Java'5 in1971, while Kalimantan and West Irian had only 9 and 2 persons per kmrespectively (Table 1).

Sex and Age Composition

2. Females were slightly in excess of males, the 1971 Census havingrecorded 972 males per 1,000 females in the whole of Indonesia. There wasa greater preponderance of females in Java and Madura (957 males to 1,000females), while in the rest of Indonesia the sexes were more evenly balanced(998 males per 1,000 females). Indonesia's population is marked by a highproportion in the younger age groups (Table 2). In 1971, 44.0% were in theage group 0-14 years, 53.5% in the age group 15-64 years and 2.5% in the agegroup 65 years and over. Such an age distribution is indicative of a highlevel of childbearing and a relatively low to moderate expectation of lifeat birth over the previous decades.

Urban-Rural Distribution

3. Seventeen per cent of the population in the country was recordedin the 1971 Census as living in the urban areas (Table 3). In Java, includ-ing Madura, 18.0% of the population was classified as urban. In the otherislands, Kalimantan was slightly more urban than Java and Madura (20.4%).The urban populations in Sumatra and Sulawesi were 17.1% and 16.1%, respec-tively. The provinces of Bali, West and East Nusatenggara, Maluku and West

1/ Figures for the Netherlands and Belgium refer to 1972. See UnitedNations Demographic Year Book 1972, New York 1973.

ANNEX 1Page 2

Irian were the least urbanized. A high density of population in Java andMadura, coupled with a relatively low degree of urbanization, results in

heavy population pressure on cultivable land.

Selected Characteristics

4. Some selected population characteristics are shown in Table 4.

Increasing urbanization and improvement in literacy rates are discernable.School enrollment ratios given in Table 5 show that universal education

can be expected in the near future.

B. Population Dynamics

5. Population growth in Indonesia is determined primarily by birthsand deaths occurring within the country, as international migration plays an

insignificant part. Indonesia's population growth rate during 1961-71 was2.1% per year, an increase of 0.6% over that recorded during 1931-61.

International Migration

6. During 1964-70, there was a net emigration from Indonesia of theorder of 86,000 persons (immigrants: 693,000, emigrants: 779,000) which

formed less than 0.01% of the enumerated population in 1971. 1/ Despitethe encouragement of private or foreign investment in recent years, immigra-tion is generally restricted. The 1971 Census enumerated only 140,000 per-sons born abroad (sex ratio 1,488) and 162,400 (sex ratio 1,657) who reported

their last place of residence to be abroad. Likewise, there is little pros-pect of a sizeable emigration of Indonesians in the years ahead, and it can-not provide a safety valve for the growing population pressure in Java.

Vital Rates

7. Indonesia does not have a national system for the recording ofbirths and deaths occurring in the country and it is, therefore, not possi-ble to obtain, as in the case of most developed countries, information onlevels or trends in birth and death rates from routine official records. 2/

1/ Lembaga Demografi, Demographic Fact Book of Indonesia, Jakarta 1973,

p. 133.

2/ A "Sample Vital Registration Project" was undertaken as part of the

joint IDA/UNFPA-assisted project to study the feasibility of introducinga routine vital statistics registration system in selected sample areas.On the basis of the experience gained in this project, a decision hasbeen taken to extend the system to the entire East Java Province.

ANNEX 1Page 3

Mortality

8. Fair indications of mortality levels are obtained by using the

survival ratio of children given by the 1971 Census, and the data provided

by the Fertility Mortality Survey, 1973. 1/ Based on this information,

infant mortality in the latter part of the 1960s was about 144 per 1,000 in

rural Indonesia and 115 per 1,000 in urban Indonesia with an overall level

of around 140 per 1,000 for the country as a whole. In addition to the

urban rural differences, regional differences in mortality could be detected.

Mortality rates appeared rather similar in the urban areas of Central Java,

East Java and Sumatra (infant mortality rate of 110 per 1,000). In urban

West Java and Sulawesi mortality rates appeared to be higher with an infant

mortality rate of 126 per 1,000. In rural areas the ranking of the regions

by infant mortality rates, from the highest to the lowest was West Java,

Sulawesi, Sumatra, Central Java, and Bali with East Java showing the lowest

mortality. The infant mortality rates varied from 167 per 1,000 in West

Java to 120 per 1,000 in East Java. 2/

9. Substantial and continuous declines in childhood mortality can

be observed in all regions of Indonesia since 1945. The rates for 1965-67

are only about 50% of those applying 20 years earlier in 1945-49. This

50% decline in 20 years is consistent with the 25% decline in the 10 years

between 1961 and 1971 estimated by McNicoll and Mamas. 3/ The decline in

rural areas has been only slightly less than in urban areas. The trend in

childhood mortality is presented in Table 6. These substantial declines in

mortality, without a substantial change in fertility up to 1970 as will

be shown later, have been contributing to the problems of rapid population

growth. With the need and possibility for a considerable lowering in mortal-

ity rates, there is further scope for an increase in the rate of population

growth unless fertility declines. Given the broad relationship between mor-

tality rates for different age groups, the expectations of life at birth

1/ The Fertility Mortality Survey was a large one-round sample survey,

covering the topics of marriage, marriage dissolution, fertility, mor-

tality and knowledge, attitude and contraceptive practice (KAP) in Java,

Sumatra, Sulawesi and Bali, which together contain 86% of Indonesia's

total population. Jakarta, which constitutes a special region equiva-

lent in status to a province, was not included in the sample (or in the

above estimate of 86%).

2/ Peter F. McDonald, Mohammad Yasin and Gavin Jones. Levels and Trends

in Fertility and Childhood Mortality in Indonesia, Indonesian Fertility

Mortality Survey, 1973; Monograph #1, Lembaga Demografi, Fakultas

Ekonori, University Indonesia (preliminary draft, unpublished).

3/ Geoffrey McNicoll and Si Cide Made Mamas, "The Demographic Situation

in Indonesia", Papers of the East-West Population Institute, December

1973, p.14.

ANNEX 1Page 4

around 1971 can be placcI at around 47 years for the whole of Indonesia.Differences between males and females, and between Java and the other islandsare shown in Table 4; females had an expectation of life three years lessthan in Java.

Fertility

10. Both the 1973 Fertility and Mortality Survey, and the 1971 Censusprovided data on cumulative fertility, namely the number of children bornto ever-married women who had completed their reproductive span. The figuresobtained from both sources fob the different regions are shown in Table 7for ever-married wome' aged 40-44 an(d 45-49 years. In spite of deficienciesboth the Census and survey data indicate that for women nearing the end oftheir childbearing period the number of children born is high in Sumatra,followed by Sulawesi, West Java, Bali, Central Java and lowest of all, EastJava. This general pattern holds in both urban and rural areas. 1/

11. The regional differentials in the number of children born are quitepronounced. For example, for women aged 40-44 living in urban areas, parityis fully 2.4 childrel, higher in Sumatra than it is in East Java, and for ruralareas, the Sumatra East Java differential is 1.9 children. Even within Java,the differentials are large for women aged 40-44, almost 1.5 children higherirl West than in East Java.

12. According to the data cited in Table 7, there is little differencebetween urban and rural areas in completed fertility. The differences inparity between regic s, along with a lack of differential between urban andrur,il areas, is suggestive of ethnic characteristics producing fertility dif-ferences as opposed to the effect of "modernization" on fertility.

13. The lev s of fertility as given in Table 7 when combined withmortality levels as given in Table 6 show that East Java and Central Javaare the two provinces where "comparatively" low levels of fertility and mor-tality ar( prevalent. In general, Indonesia's demographic pattern, at leastbefore the 1970s l ls one of high fertility and somewhat declining mortalityleading to an increase in the population growth rate.

14. Hlas there b n a decline in fertility during the decade 1960-70?Cable 8 presents data on total fertility (equivalent to the average numberof children during the course of reproductive life to all women) during1959-63, 1964-68, 1969-70 and 1971-72 as given by age-specific birth ratesfor these periods obtained frout the Fertility Mortality Survey. These figures

l/ Both sets of data suffer from inaccuracies. It is usual to find errorsdue to "recall lapse" especially among older women and this is shown bya smaller figure, in some instances, for women aged 45-49 years as com-pared to that for women aged 40-44 years. Census figures are known tohave 5X to 10X women with parity not stated, resulting in a lowering ofthe estimate for the number of children born. The survey figures on theother hand were slightly over-estimated due to a tendency to neglect toobtain information from divorced and widowed women whose parity levelwould tend to be below average.

ANNEX 1Page 5

suggest a diminution in fertility during 1971-72. However, careful analysisof the data has led to the following summary statement:

"The measured fertility decline in 1971-72 remainssomewhat of a mystery. The explanation would appear

to be a compound of age mis-statement, under-registra-tion of young children and in the case of Bali andEast Java at least, some actual decline in fertility.The last factor can account for only a small part ofthe measured decline; the main explanation wouldappear to be in age mis-statement and under registra-tion." 1/

Levels and Trends of Age-Specific Fertility Rates 2/

15. Age-specific fertility rates which provide the number of birthsper 1,000 women in a specified age-group during a 12-month period assistin appreciating the contribution to total fertility made at various agesin the reproductive span. These contributions are determined by culturalfactors such as age at marriage and also give an insight to the deliberatecontrol of fertility. The pattern of fertility in Indonesia as a whole canbe described as an "early marriage, high fertility" pattern. Fertilityrates are high even at extreme ages of childbearing such as 15-19 and 35-39years. It is common for women's childbearing to be spread over a 20-yearspan or longer, whereas in the western Europe a 10-year span or shorter ismuch more typical.

16. Within regions there are considerable variations. In particular,fertility at the older ages (35 and above) accounts for a higher proportionof fertility in those regions where fertility is highest. This generalpattern holds very clearly in urban areas. In rural areas there is greateruniformity between regions in pattern of fertility, although childbearingat older ages is least pronounced in the two lower fertility regions, Centraland East Java. Sulawesi and Bali emerge as the two regions where childbearingcontinues into older age groups, closely followed by Sumatra. But even Centraland East Java exhibit a much older pattern of childbearing than countries withlow levels of fertility, such as Taiwan or Japan or France. Fertility at agesbelow 20 varies considerably and in each region is much higher in rural thanin urban areas. The Javanese pattern of early marriage causes fertility ratesfor the ages 15-19 to be higher in East Java than they are in Sumatra, despitemuch lower levels of fertility. The net result of high fertility at theextreme ages of the childbearing span is that these ages account for around30% to 35% of the sum of the age-specific fertility rates in Indonesia,compared with only 10% to 20% in most Western countries and as low as 6% inJapan.

1/ Peter F. McDonald, et. al., op. cit.

2/ The discussion is based on the findings given in Peter F. MIcDonald's"Indonesian Fertility and Mortality Survey", op. cit.

ANNEX IPage 6

17. Over the decade of the 1960s, or more specifically between 1959-63and 1969-70, some rather consistent trends in fertility rates emerge. Inalmost all regions fertility rates at ages 15-19 showed a fall. This isclearly related to the rising age at marriage which occurred universallyduring the 1960s, though more pronounced in urban than in rural areas. Fer-tility rates at the main childbearing ages (20-34) mostly rose during thedecade, whereas at the older ages (35-44) they fell fairly consistently inurban areas. The trend at these ages in rural areas was mixed. Thesetrends--a decline in fertility at the youngest and oldest childbearing ages,more pronounced in urban than in rural areas--are fairly typical of countriesentering the early stages of a transition to lower fertility rates. They canbe optimistically interpreted as presaging a further decline in fertility astime goes on. The age-specific fertility rates during 1965-70 as estimatedfor Java and Madura and other islands from the data obtained in the FertilityMortality Survey, and augmented by information from other sources, and cor-rected for certain inaccuracies in basic data are given in Table 9.

18. Interest centers on the trend in fertility after 1970, when theNFPCB took shape and the national family planning program in Java and Baliwent into operation. Unfortunately precise figures are not yet available.Based on the number of persons who had accepted family planning methodsthrough the program and on the continuity of use of these methods, it hasbeen estimated that the birth rate declined by about six points between1970 and 1975. The decline was more marked in East Java and Bali (Table 10).Under the aegis of the Central Bureau of Statistics an inter-censal surveyin three stages has been completed and the data are being processed. Verypreliminary findings from the survey tend to confirm the evidence of a de-cline in fertility but the final results will not be available until theend of 1977.

C. Population Projections

19. Population projections have been made by the Indonesian Instituteof Sciences (LEKNAS) under different alternate assumptions about fertility,transmigration and rural to urban migration for the 10 planning regions intowhich Indonesia has been divided by the National Development and PlanningAgency (BAPPENAS). 1/ The assumptions are based on policy goals adopted bythe Government but do not imply that the Government would or should adhereto these goals. In fact, the projections are intended to help policy-makersto evaluate these goals or alternatives and to estimate the magnitude ofprograms needed to achieve them.

1/ Alden Speare Jr. (July 1976) Summary Report Projections of Populationand Labor Force for Regions of Indonesia 1970-2005, Vol. I; NationalInstitute of Sciences (LEKNAS). See also accompanying Vols. II andIII. Vol. II: Population Projections for Indonesia 1970-2005 (accord-ing to BAPPENAS Regions). Vol. III: Population Projections for Java1970-2005 (according to BAPPENAS Regions).

ANNEX 1Page 7

20. The alternative assumptions made are:

a. Fertility Assumptions

Low fertility - Total fertility in each region isassumed to decline linerally to a levelconsistent with a 50% decline in crudebirth rate from the 1966-70 level.This decline is assumed to be achievedby the 1996-2000 period in Java andBali and by the 2001-05 period outsideJava and Bali.

High fertility - Total fertility is assumed to declinelinerally at one half the rate of declineof the low fertility assumption in re-gions comprising Java and Bali. No de-cline in regions making up the otherislands is assumed.

b. Migration Assumptions

Low migration - Inter-regional migration is assumed tocontinue at the same rates estimatedfor 1966-71 from the 1971 Census witha small upward adjustment for the re-ported increase in transmigration from1966-71 to 1971-75.

High migration - The rates assumed for the low migrationassumption have been increased so thatthe total transmigration for 1976-80 is250,000 persons per year, which was thetarget of the second national five-yearplan. The rates of migration calculatedfor 1976-80 are applied to the followingperiods which implies that transmigra-tion will continue to increase in pro-portion to the total population ofIndonesia.

c. Urbanization Assumptions

Low assumption - The difference in urban and rural growthrates in each region will remain the sameas that observed between the 1961 and1971 Censuses.

ANNEX 1Page 8

High assumption - The difference in urban and ruralgrowth rates will increase to 2.75%per year (UN medium assumption) inregions where the rate of urbaniza-tion between 1961 and 1971 was lowand to 3.75% (UN high assumption) inregions of medium to high urbanizationin 1961-71. On the average this re-sults in an increase in urban growthby about 1.5% per year over the lowurbanization assumption.

All projections were made from the populations reported in the 1971 Census(Series B). The initial age distributions were obtained from the 1971 Pop-ulation Census (Series E) adjusted for age misreporting. In respect ofmortality, female life expectancy is expected to increase by 2.5 years forevery 5 years projected, from 47.5 years in 1971-75 to 62.5 years in 2001-05.The male life expectancy is expected to increase from 45 years in 1971-76to 59 years by 2001-05. West Model Life Tables of Coale and Demeny wereused in projecting mortality rates. All projections were made using thecomponent cohort approach and are given as of December 31 of the year underreference.

21. The insights gained from an analysis of the projections are asfollows:

a. Fertility Decline: fertility assumptions have the greatesteffect on total population. If the goal of the nationalfamily planning program of reducing the crude birth rate by50% by 2000 is achieved, the total population will be around209 million. If the goal is only partly achieved on Java andBali and there is no change in fertility outside Java andBali (high fertility assumption), the total population will bearound 258 million. The difference between the low and highfertility assumptions is about 49 million people (Table 11).

The projections under the high fertility assumption show theimperative need to extend the national family planning programoutside Java and Bali if the size of the Indonesian populationis to be controlled. Of the 49 million difference in popula-tion size likely to be attained under the "low" and "high"assumptions of fertility, 23 million will occur inside Javaand Bali and 26 million outside Java and Bali. The popula-tion outside Java and Bali will increase by 115% under the 'lowfertility' assumption and by 180% under the 'high fertility'assumption.

ANNEX 1Page 9

The age distribution of the population around the year 2000will be affected by the speed with which fertility declines.Under the 'low fertility' assumption, 32.6% will be under 14years of age, while on the 'high fertility' assumption 42.8%will be under this age (Tables 12 and 13).

The expected birth and death rates for Indonesia under the twofertility assumptions are shown in Table 14. Whilst under the'low fertility' assumption Indonesia's population will grow atthe rate of 1.4% per annum around the year 2000, the rate ofgrowth at that time would be 2.6% per annum under the 'highfertility' assumption. Since the latter assumes a decline infertility in Java and Bali at one-half the rate of the 'lowfertility' assumption, it is evident that with levels offertility remaining constant at prevailing levels, the alreadyfast rate of population growth will be further accelerated.

b. Transmigration: the effect of transmigration is best seen onthe rural population of Java and Bali. Under assumptions of"high" transmigration the rural population of Java and Bali willbe about 8 million less around the year 2000 as compared withthe number that will be expected under assumption of the"low" transmigration.

c. Urbanization: a higher pace of urbanization will increase theurban population of Java and Bali by 10 million and will reducethe rural population of Java and Bali by the same amount, aroundthe year 2000. Outside Java and Bali the difference will be ofthe order of 8 million. The expected 'urban' and 'rural' popu-lations in Java and Bali and outside Java and Bali under thevarious assumptions around the year 2000 are given in Table 15.

ANNEX 1Page 10

Table 1

INDONESIA II: POPULATION--1930, 1961, 1971, AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE

1961-71 AND POPULATION DENSITY BY REGION AND PROVINCE

(OOOs)

Region Census Census Census/I Growth Rate Density

1930 1961 1971 1961-71 (persons/km)

M(%) 1971

Jakarta 811 2,907 4,576 4.6 7,944

West Java 10,586 17,615 21,633 2.1 440

Central Java 13,706 18,407 21,877 1.7 634

East Java 15,056 21,823 25,527 1.6 539

Yogyakarta 1,559 2,241 2,490 1.1 793

Sub-Total 41,718 62,993 76,103 1.9 565

Soith Sumatra 1,378 2,773 3,444 2.2 33

Lampung 361 1,668 2,777 5.2 82

Bengkulu 323 406 519 2.5 25

Jambi 245 744 1,006

Riau 493 1,235 1,642 3.1 16

West Sumatra 1,910 2,319 2,793 1.9 42

North Sumatra 2,541 4,965 6,623 2.9 94

Aceh 1,003 1,629 2,009 2.1 34

Sub-Total 8.255 15,739 20,813 2.8 38

West Kalimantan 802 1,581 2,020 2.5 13

Central Kalimantan 203 497 700 3.5 4

South Kalimantan 835 1,473 1,699 1.4 49

East Kalimantan 329 551 734 2.9 4

Sub-Total 2,169 4,102 5,153 2.3 9

North Sulawesi 748 1,351 1,718 2.8 71

Central Sulawesi 390 652 914 2.8 10

South Sulawesi 2,657 4,517 5,189 1.4 63

Soath-East Sulawesi 436 559 714 2.5 22

Sub-Total 4,232 7,079 8,535 1.9 37

Bali 1,101 1,783 2,120 1.8 377

West Nusatenggara 1,016 1,808 2,202 2.0 101

East Nusatenggara 1,343 1,967 2,295 1.6 47

Sub-Total 3,461 5,558 6,617 1.8 87

Maluku 579 790 .,089 2.5 13

West Irian 179 758 923 2.0 2

TOTAL 60,593 97,019 119,233

/1 Includes 67,725 homeless persons, 772,654 rural West Irian and 24,270 erroneous entries.

Source: 1971 Population Census, Central Bureau of Statistics.

ANNEX 1Page 11

Table 2

INDONESIA II: POPULATION BY AGE GROUP AND SEX, 1961 AND 1971

(OOOs)

Age Group 1961__ 1971__Male Female Total Male Female Total

0 - 4 9,152 9,276 18,428 9,606 9,493 19,0995 - 9 7,571 7,524 15,095 9,525 9,237 18,76210 - 14 4,763 4,417 9,180 7,353 6,826 14,17915 - 19 3,567 3,635 7,202 5,588 5,738 11,32620 - 24 3,529 4,354 7,883 3,602 4,429 8,03125 - 29 3,630 4,543 8,173 3,978 4,947 8,92530 - 34 3,555 3,779 7,334 3,690 4,214 7,90435 - 39 3,140 2,914 6,054 3,948 4,031 7,97940 - 44 2,457 2,310 4,767 3,064 3,038 6,10245 - 49 1,923 1,869 3,792 2,427 2,223 4,65050 - 54 1,487 1,477 2,964 1,903 1,961 3,86455 - 59 1,052 1,040 2,092 1,126 1,100 2,22660 - 64 820 812 1,632 1,082 1,256 2,33865 and over 1,029 1,079 2,108 1,440 1,529 2,969

TOTAL 47,675 49,029 96 704 58 332o 60 0221 118 3543_ _ _ __ __ __

/1 Based on 1% sample of complete return.

/2 Excludes rural West Irian (772,654), homeless persons (67,725) and in-correctly counted (24,270).

/3 1971 Census total from complete tabulations including estimate for WestIrian, homeless persons and incorrectly counted, and age not stated(15,059), are in thousands: Male: 59,103; Female: 60,129; Total: 119,232.

Source: Central Bureau of Statistics.

ANNEX 1Page 12

Table 3

INDONESIA II: POPULATION BY PROVINCE AND RURAL AND URBAN AREAS, 1971

(OOOs)

Region Urban Rural Total-

Jakarta 4,546 - 4,546West Java 2,683 18,938 21,621Central Java 2,345 19,520 21,865East Java 3,694 21,814 25,508Yogyakarta 406 2,082 2,488

Sub-Total 13,674 62,354 76,028

South Sumatra 928 2,510 3,438Lampung 273 2,503 2,776Bengkulu 61 458 519Jambi 293 713 1,006Riau 218 1,423 1,641West Sumatra 479 2,313 2,792North Sumatra 1,136 5,485 6,621Aceh 169 1,839 2,008

Sub-Total 3,557 17,244 20,801

West Kalimantan 223 1,797 2,020Central Kalimantan 87 615 702South Kalimantan 453 1,246 1,699East Kalimantan 286 445 731

Sub-Total 1,049 4,103 5,152

North Sulawesi 335 1,383 1,718Central Sulawesi 52 862 914South Sulawasi 941 4,239 5,180South-East Sulawasi 45 669 714

Sub-Total 1,373 7,153 8,526

Bali 203 1,912 2,120West NAsatenggara 179 2,025 2,204East Nusatengga-a 129 2,166 2,295

Sub-Total 516 6,103 6,69

Maluk! 145 945 1,090West Irian 151 773 924

TOTAL 20 465 98,675 119,140

/l Excludes 67,725 ho-neless persons and 24,270 persons incorrectly included.

> irce: Indonesia 1971 Ce;:sus, Population tables for all Indonesia.

ANNEX 1Page 13

Table 4

INDONESIA II: SELECTED POPULATION DATA

Selected Population Data Java Other Islands Indonesia1961 1971 1961 1971 1961 1971

Census Count (millions) /1 63.0 76.1 34.0 43.1 97.0 119.2

1971 Adjusted for undercount- and mid-year 78.0 44.2 122.2

Intercensal Growth Rate (%)1931-61; 1961-71 1.8 1.9 2.8 2.4 1.5 2.1

Estimated Vital Rates, 1960-71Birth Rate (per 1000) 40 46 42

Death Rate (per 1000) 21 22 21

Total Fertility Rate (children per woman)/2 5.5 6.8 5.9

Life Expectancy at Birth (years), 1961-71Males 46 44 45

Females 49 47 48

Persons 48 45 47

Mean Age at Marriage (Years)Males 23 24 24

Females 19 20 19

Marital Status Females 10 years and over (%)Single 25 33 28

Married 56 53 55

Widowed 15 11 13

Divorced 4 3 4

Age Distribution (%)Males

0 - 14 45 47 4515 - 64 53 51 5265 + 2 3 3

Females0 - 14 42 45 43

15 - 64 56 53 55

65 + 3 3 3

Percentage Urban 15.6 18.0 13.4 15.7 14.8 17.2

Literacy Rate/- Population 10 Years and Over (%)Males 59 71 61 74 60 72

Females 33 48 37 56 34 50

Persons 46 59 49 65 47 61

/1 The net undercount is estimated to be 2.5% in rural areas and 4.07. in urban areas,or 2.76%

in the total population.

/2 The total fertility rate is defined as the average number of children born to women who

finish their fertile period.

/3 Ability to read and write in either Latin or non-Latin characters was considered adequate- to classify a person as literate.

ANNEX 1Page 14

Table 5

INDONESIA II: SCHOOL ENROLLMENT RATIOS FOR POPULATION AGED FIVE YEARS AND ABOVEL/

Age Urban Rural Total

Males Females Males Females Males Females

Indonesia

5 - 9 43.6 43.9 33.5 32.7 35.0 34.4

10 - 14 79.1 71.8 62.3 54.3 65.2 57.5

15 - 19 50.4 34.4 24.1 12.4 29.7 17.0

20 - 24 22.6 9.8 5.7 1.2 9.7 2.9

25 + 2.8 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.2

All Ages 29.7 23.6 19.4 14.9 22.5 16.4

Java

5 - 9 43.4 43.6 33.2 32.6 34.8 34.3

10 - 14 79.1 71.0 60.0 52.3 63.4 55.9

15 - 19 49.5 32.9 22.5 11.0 28.4 15.9

20 - 24 22.5 9.8 6.2 1.2 10.4 3.3

25 + 2.8 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.8 0.2

All Ages 28.9 22.7 18.5 14.3 20.4 15.8

Other Islands

5 - 9 44.1 44.5 34.0 32.9 36.0 34.6

10 - 14 79.1 73.4 66.3 57.7 68.0 60.415 - 19 51.8 37.2 26.8 14.6 32.0 18.920 - 24 22.9 10.1 4.9 1.2 8.7 2.6

25 + 2.6 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.2All Ages 31.1 25.8 20.8 15.9 22.5 17.4

/1 1971 Census.

ANNEX IPage 15

Table 6

INDONESIA IT: PROPORTION OF CHILDREN DYING BEFORE AGE FIVE FROM 1000 LIVE BIRTHSBIRTH YEAR COHORT, 1945-67 FERTILITY MORTALITY SURVEY

Region Child Birth Year1945-49 1950-54 1955-59 1960-64 1965-67

Urban

West Java 269 216 180 161 136Central Java 253 171 161 126 117East Java 228 168 137 120 108Sumatra 263 154 137 131 117Sulawesi 212 184 178 138 152

Rural

West Java 282 271 245 217 188Central Java 301 218 178 164 157East Java 261 231 192 143 117Sumatra 383 251 192 180 175Sulawesi 263 244 236 208 177Bali 245 239 212 194 185

Source: Peter F. McDonald, et. al., op. cit.

ANNEX 1Page 16

Table 7

INDONESIA II: NUMBER OF CHILDREN BORN TO EVER-MARRIED WOMEN AGED40-44 AND 45-49 YEARS IN DIFFERENT REGIONS

Age of MotherRegion 40-44 Years 45-49 Years

Fertility 1971 Census Fertility 1971 CensusMortality MortalitySurvey, 1973 Survey,1973

Urban

West Java 5.7 5.4 5.2 5.0

Central Java 4.7 4.4 4.9 4.2East Java 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9Sumatra 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.3Sulawesi 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.6

Rural

West Java 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.3Central Java 4.7 4.9 4.2 4.8East Java 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.9Sumatra 6.3 5.9 6.1 5.8Sulawesi 6.2 5.6 6.3 5.6Bali/L 5.9 5.0 6.0 4.9

/1 Data for Bali are for the island as a whole, including both urban and rural areas.The population of Denpasar, the largest town in Bali, is only about 70,000 and theproportion of Balinese population living in urban areas only 9.8%.

Source: Fertility Mortality Survey, 1973.

ANNEX 1Page 17

Table 8

INDONESIA II: RECORDED TOTAL FERTILITY RATES BY REGIONj , 1959-72

Region 1959-63 1964-68 1969-70 1971-72

Urban

West Java 6.59 6.75 7.12 5.88Central Java 5.67 5.29 5.31 4.77East Java 4.66 4.58 4.49 4.16Sumatra 7.19 6.91 6.65 5.81Sulawesi 6.32 6.15 6.10 4.90

Rural

West Java 6.23 6.85 7.05 5.69Central Java 5.50 5.60 5.79 4.40East Java 5.24 5.32 5.42 4.14Sumatra 7.48 7.54 7.62 6.15Sulawesi 6.71 6.97 6.99 5.87Bali 5.98 6.20 6.09 4.13

/1 1973 Survey.

Source: Peter F. McDonald, et. al., op. cit.

ANNEX 1

Page 18

Table 9

INDONESIA II: AGE SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATES, FERTILITY MORTALITY SURVEY, 1965-70

Age Groups Java-Madura Other Islands IndonesiaFertility Mortality Fertility Mortality Fertility Mortality

Survey Survey Survey/1 All Areas /2 All Areas /3 All Areas

15 - 19 167 165 147 147 161 15820 - 24 278 277 318 315 290 29025 - 29 253 254 324 325 273 27730 - 34 203 203 269 269 220 22435 - 39 130 129 191 185 147 14640 - 44 68 67 100 96 76 7545 - 49 10 10 14 18 11 12

Total FertilityRate 5.55 5.53 6.82 6.77 5.89 5.91

/1 Excludes Jakarta.

/2 Excludes Kalimantan, East and West Nusatenggara, Maluku and West Irian.

/3 Excludes Jakarta, Kalimantan, East and West Nusatenggara, Maluku and West Irian.

Source: Peter F. McDonald, et. al., o.cit.

ANNEX 1Page 19

Table 10

INDONESIA II: ESTIMATED CRUDE BIRTH AND TOTAL FERTILITY RATE FOR1965-70 (PREPROGRAM) AND 1975, BY PROVINCE

Province Crude Birth Rate Total Fertility Rate1965-70 1975 1965-70 1975

Jakarta 36.9 33.3 5.6 5.1West Java 48.2 44.3 6.8 6.3Central Java and Yogyakarta 37.6 33.9 5.6 5.0East Java 36.7 29.6 5.1 4.1Bali 44.7 32.6 5.9 4.3Java and Bali 44.0 38.3 5.8 5.1

Source: NFPCB, Jakarta, unpublished work.

ANNEX 1Page 20

Table 11

INDONESIA II: POPULATION PROJECTIONS UNDER LOW AND HIGH FERTILITY ASSUMPTIONS

1970-2000/(in millions)

Year Java and Bali Other Islands Indonesia

Low High Low High Low High

Fertility Fertility Fertility Fertility Fertility Fertility

1970 77.2 77.2 40.1 40.1 117.3 117.3

1975 85.4 85.8 46.5 46.5 131.9 132.3

1980 93.7 95.6 53.6 54.6 147.3 150.2

1985 102.2 106.6 61.3 64.7 163.5 171.3

1990 110.3 118.7 69.6 77.4 179.9 196.1

1995 117.6 132.0 77.9 92.8 195.5 224.8

2000 123.3 146.3 86.1 112.1 209.4 258.4

/1 The figures relate to December 31 of the year indicated and were derived on the

basis of "low migration", "low urbanization" assumptions. Java and Bali comprise

all of BAPPENAS Regions IV and V except for Lampung which is a part of Region IV

but has been omitted here because its inclusion would have obscured the effects

of transmigration.

Source: Alden Speare Jr., Sumnary Report Projections of Population and Labor

Force for Regions of Indonesia 1970-2005, Vols. I, II and III, July 1976.

ANNEX IPage 21

Table 12

INDONESIA II: POPUIATION PROJ CTIONS BY AGE GROUPS1970-2000)

Age Group 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Males0 - 4 9,708 10,924 11,525 12,049 12,271 12,060 11,2805 - 9 8,424 9,057 10,292 10,946 11,531 11,826 11,69410 - 14 7,204 8,249 8,890 10,122 10,787 11,386 11,69615 - 19 5,978 7,048 8,091 8,736 9,968 10,643 11,25220 - 24 4,182 5,794 6,855 7,891 8,543 9,772 10,45625 - 29 3,925 4,026 5,600 6,647 7,678 8,337 9,56530 - 34 4,091 3,758 3,875 5,414 6,449 7,476 8,14535 - 39 3,494 3,889 3,592 3,723 5,224 6,247 7,26840 - 44 2,886 3,290 3,683 3,420 3,560 5,023 6,03545 - 49 2,368 2,679 3,073 3,459 3,232 3,385 4,79750 - 54 1,905 2,154 2,454 2,833 3,211 3,016 3,17855 - 59 1,424 1,680 1,913 2,199 2,557 2,914 2,75760 - 64 1,086 1,200 1,425 1,642 1,901 2,228 2,55965 - 69 705 850 949 1,142 1,328 1,555 1,84170 - 74 455 497 607 691 840 988 1,16975 + 322 390 451 547 650 797 971

Total 58,152 65,485 73,275 81,461 89,730 97,653 104,663

Females0 - 4 9,606 10,695 11,246 11,730 11,920 11,698 10,9255- 9 8,277 3,976 10,081 10,694 11,243 11,513 11,37310 - 14 7,090 8,088 8,797 9,906 10,538 11,102 11,39315 - 19 6,062 6,849 7,924 8,642 9,754 10,395 10,97820 - 24 4,452 5,881 6,667 7,738 8,461 9,576 10,23625 - 29 3,939 4,299 5,695 6,477 7,543 8,275 9,39630 - 34 4,126 3,780 4,142 5,513 6,292 7,355 8,09735 - 39 3,374 3,943 3,626 3,992 5,333 6,114 7,17240 - 44 2,920 3,284 3,764 3,479 3,844 5,159 5,94045 - 49 2,453 2,758 3,116 3,588 3,329 3,694 4,98250 - 54 2,046 2,286 2,580 2,932 3,393 3,163 3,52455 - 59 1,620 1,859 2,092 2,376 2,717 3,162 2,96460 - 64 1,287 1,417 1,639 1,860 2,128 2,452 2,87265 - 69 889 1,055 1,177 1,376 1,576 1,822 2,11870 - 74 587 665 804 904 1,011 1,240 1,47975 + 454 554 659 802 952 1,148 1,370

Total 59,182 66,386 74,009 82,009 90,095 97,868 104,788

TOTAL (Male 117,334 131,871 147,284 163,470 179,825 195,521 209,451and Female)

/1 Low Fertility Assumption.

Source: Alden Speare Jr., op. cit.

ANNEX 1Page 22

Table 13

INDONESIA II: POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY AGE GROUP

1970-2000,q

(OOOs)

Age Group 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

MalesO - 4 9,703 11,197 12,781 14,680 16,766 19,121 21,908

5 - 9 8,424 9,021 10,551 12,140 14,051 16,151 18,540

10 - 14 7,204 8,250 8,854 10,376 11,963 13,873 15,979

15 - 19 5,978 7,055 8,087 8,697 10,216 11,799 13,704

20 - 24 4,182 5,802 6,859 7,886 8,501 10,008 11,591

25 - 29 3,725 4,027 5,607 6,648 7,671 8,294 9,796

30 - 34 4,091 3,755 3,877 5,420 6,453 7,472 8,103

35 - 39 3,494 3,887 3,592 3,727 5,233 6,254 7,264

40 - 44 2,886 3,289 3,682 3,422 3,566 5,035 6,040

45 - 49 2,368 2,678 3,073 3,460 3,232 3,390 4,808

50 - 54 1,905 2,153 2,473 2,832 3,211 3,016 3,185

55 - 59 1,424 1,679 1,911 2,198 2,557 2,916 2,758

60 - 64 1,086 1,197 1,424 1,640 1,900 2,223 2,557

65 - 69 705 849 950 1,142 1,327 1,555 1,841

70 - 74 455 496 587 688 839 993 1,169

75+ 322 390 448 548 649 796 965

Total 58,152 65,727 74,755 85,505 98,135 112,896 130,208

Females0 - 4 9,606 10,955 12,475 14,291 16,290 18,551 21,216

5 - 9 8,277 8,933 10,336 11,866 13,700 15,730 18,030

10 - 14 7,090 8,089 8,759 10,149 11,690 13,528 15,566

15 - 19 6,062 6,857 7,921 8,597 9,998 11,531 13,374

20 - 24 4,452 5,889 6,670 7,732 8,416 9,812 11,349

25 - 29 3,939 4,300 5,702 6,485 7,538 8,232 9,626

30 - 34 4,126 3,778 4,145 5,517 6,296 7,348 8,056

35 - 39 3,374 3,941 3,627 3,996 5,342 6,120 7,169

40 - 44 2,920 3,283 3,763 3,478 3,846 5,167 5,952

45 - 49 2,453 2,758 3,115 3,587 3,328 3,698 4,980

50 - 54 2,046 2,286 2,581 2,931 3,391 3,162 3,526

55 - 59 1,620 1,859 2,091 2,377 2,716 3,160 2,962

60 - 64 1,287 1,416 1,639 1,868 2,129 2,451 2,869

65 - 69 889 1,055 1,176 1,376 1,576 1,823 2,118

70 - 74 587 665 799 905 1,069 1,239 1,455

75 + 454 554 658 803 951 1,144 1,371

Total 59,182 66,618 75,457 85,958 98,277 112,696 129,614

TOT AJI. (Male

and Female) 117,334 132,345 150,212 171,463 196,412 225,592 259,822

/1 High Fertility Assumption.

Source: Alden Speare Jr., op.cit.

ANNEX 1

Page 23

Table 14

INDONESIA II: BIRTH RATE, DEATH RATE AND GROWTH RATE 1970-75 TO 1996-2000

(OOOs)

Year Birth Rate Death Rate Growth Rate

Low Fertility -

1970-75 42.2 18.9 2.3

1976-80 38.8 16.8 2.2

1981-85 35.7 14.9 2.1

1986-93 32.3 13.2 1.9

1991-95 28.5 11.7 1.7

1996-2000 24.3 10.5 1.4

High FertilityL'

1970-75 43.2 19.0 2.4

1976-80 42.2 17.2 2.5

1981-85 41.2 15.5 2.6

1986-90 39.8 13.8 2.6

1991-95 38.3 12.3 2.6

1996-2000 36.9 10.9 2.6

/1 Assumptions--Low migration and low urbanization.

Source: Alden Speare Jr., on.cit.

ANNEX 1Page 24

Table 15

INDONESIA II: ALTERNATIVE PROJECTIONS OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS FOR YEAR 2000

/1Region Population end Population in the year 2000 by Projection-

Year 1970 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Assumption

Fertility - Low High Low High Low HighTransmigration - Low Low High High Low HighUrbanization - Low Low Low Low High High

Java and Bali

Urban 13.6 30.3 35.3 30.3 35.3 43.6 50.1Rural 63.5 93.0 111.0 85.0 102.1 80.3 86.8Total 77.1 123.3 146.3 115.3 137.4 123.9 136.9

Outside Java and Bali


Total Population


/1 Projection in millions.

Soarce: Alden Speare Jr., op. cit.

ANNEX 2Page 1

INDONESIA II: THE NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM

A. Background

1. Family planning in Indonesia was pioneered by a private organiza-tion, the Indonesian Planned Parenthood Association (IPPA) which began operat-ing in 1957. President Suharto signed the Declaration of World Leaders onPopulation in 1967. Recognizing the need to stem population growth in thecountry, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) set up a semi-governmental insti-tute in 1968 to coordinate family planning activities which were beingcarried out by various private and official agencies. At the same time, theGOI invited a joint UN/WHO/IBRD mission to help it to develop a comprehensiveprogram. As the next step, the GOI replaced the institute in 1970, by thefully governmental National Family Planning Coordinating Board (NFPCB) toplan, coordinate, supervise and evaluate a national family planning program,at first restricted to Java (including Madura) and Bali.

B. Organization

2. The President is personally responsible for the progress of theprogram; this devolves upon the Provincial Governors insofar as the provinceis concerned and upon the Bupatis with regard to their kabupatens which arethe next administrative division. Advising the President on policy mattersis a ministerial council composed of all the concerned ministers, with theState Minister of People's Welfare as the Chairman and the Chairman of theNFPCB as its secretary. The NFPCB is a non-departmental body with a Chair-man, three deputy chairmen, a Secretariat for administrative and financialsupport, and nine bureaus representing the various staff functions requiredto fulfill its responsibilities (Chart 1). The Chairman reports directlyto the President and the State Minister of People's Welfare, acting on behalfof the President, exercises certain powers on day-to-day matters. Actualimplementation of program activities is vested in the concerned operationalMinisteries of the Government such as Health, Information, Education, In-terior, and the Armed Forces and voluntary organizations such as the IPPA,Muhammadiyah and the Indonesian Council of Churches. A program consultativecommittee composed of the heads of the implementing units advises the Chair-man on policy formulation and operational strategy.

3. The NFPCB has an office in each of the provinces in which theprogram functions--six in Java and Bali and 10 in the other islands. Eachoffice is headed by a Chairman and has a secretary, three division chiefs(planning, supervision and research and evaluation) and several projectleaders taking responsibility for one or more operational aspects of theprogram. Inasmuch as provincial governors are responsible to the Presidentfor the progress of the developmental programs within the province, provin-cial chairmen are required to obtain his directives on operational matters.

ANNEX 2Page 2

Provincial chairmen are also responsible to the Chairman of the Central

NFPCB for all administrative, financial and technical matters.

4. At the kabupaten level, which is really the operational base of

the program, the NFPCB has a chairman, a field work supervisor and an

administrative staff. The kabupaten chairman is responsible to the Chairman

of NFPCB but is directed by Bupatis in operational matters. Working with

the medical officer of the kabupaten (DOKABU) and kabupaten officials of

other implementing units, he coordinates program activities within his juris-

diction and exercises supervisory powers.

5. At the kecamatan level, the Camat from the Ministry of the Interior,

the PUSKESMAS (public health centre) physician from the Ministry of Health

(MOH) and the group leader of the non-medical fieldworkers of the NFPCB,

assisted by other officials, organize educational, informational and service

activities. At the village-level, the Lurah from the Ministry of Interior,

the non-medical fieldworker from the NFPCB and the midwife from the MOH,

assisted by the voluntary village-level family planning worker (PPKBD) are

responsible for recruiting acceptors and sustaining their practice of con-

traception.

C. Program Development

6. Program development is an elaborate process and involves several

levels of administration. The National Working Meeting meets once a year, is

presided over by the Chairman of the NFPCB and is attended by all senior and

middle level officials of the central and provincial NFPCB and of the family

planning cells of the implementing units; representatives of BAPPENAS, the

Ministry of Finance and other concerned ministries also participate. Review-

ing past experiences and anticipating future needs, this body recommends

programs and policies to the Chairman of the NFPCB. After further discussions

of the National Working Meeting's recommendations with the appropriate author-

ities, the Chairman enunciates national policy and indicates the kind of

programs required to implement the policy. This information is then relayed

to the provincial NFPCB Chairman for evolving specific program activities;

the provincial chairman in turn sends it to the several kabupaten NFPCB

to review needs and work out operational details. The recommendations of

these operational level units are consolidated and coordinated by the provin-

cial NFPCB and after obtaining the Governor's approval are presented to the

central NFPCB as the provincial program. The Central NFPCB after reviewing

the provincial programs, formulates the national program which it discusses

with representatives of the central level implementing units, BAPPENAS and the

Ministry of Finance. When this group endorses the program it becomes the

basis both for the budget and for program operations.

ANNEX 2Page 3

D. Program Funding

7. The Indonesian family planning program has progressed from thestage where contraceptive information and services were provided primarilythrough foreign donor assistance (96.5% of the total family planning budgetin 1968-69) to one where the GOI has assumed primary responsibility forproviding these services and has committed itself to underwriting a largepercentage of program costs (49% of the family planning budget in 1975-76,not including MOH personnel salaries) (Table 1). The family planningbudget per capita has steadily increased from US$.028 in 1968-69 to US$.297in 1975-76. On the other hand, the cost of recruiting a new acceptor hasdeclined to a level of US$10 to US$15 per acceptor.

E. Service Delivery

8. Until recently, the bulk of the family planning services was beingprovided by a network of clinics operated by the MOH, the Armed Forces (ABRI)Health Services, and other Government and private agencies. As of March1977, there were in Java and Bali 2,719 registered family planning clinicslocated in PUSKESMAS, sub-clinics and satellite clinics, of which 2,261 be-longed to the MOH, 199 to the ABRI, 51 to other governmental agencies and208 to private organizations. In addition, there were 1,443 mobile teamswhich carried services to those who did not have an easy access to clinics.Most of the PUSKESMAS in Java and Bali now have a physician in charge and/orother supporting staff and the sub-clinics are manned by midwives and/or aPKK (primary health nurse). The mobile team consists of a midwife/PKK,a non-medical family planning fieldworker and a local volunteer. Thelatter two prepare the community for the midwife's visit; the midwife pro-vides the services.

9. In the 10 other provinces to which the program was extended in1974, as of March 1977, there were 901 family planning clinics of which637 belonged to the MOH, 108 to the ABRI, 47 to other Government departmentsand 109 to voluntary organizations. There were 194 mobile teams in operation.In the mobile team, there is an auxiliary health worker known as a motivator,instead of the fieldworker as in Java and Bali.

10. Involved in the field operations in the country are 2,145 doctors,3,416 midwives, 2,967 assistant midwives, 2,097 recording personnel, 1,557information workers, 6,574 fieldworkers, 1,295 group leaders, 202 supervisors,6 field work coordinators and 21 assistant coordinators, 274 motivators andothers.

11. Some institutional contraceptive methods (vasectomy and tubal liga-tion) are available in specially designated hospitals. Availability is con-tingent upon the existence of a demand for such methods and the socio-cultural

ANNEX 2Page 4

conditions which permit them. Field trials on the commercial distribution

of condoms through the vendors of herbal medicine (Jamu Jago) and other small

drug retail outlets have been carried out. Distribution by mail upon request

has also been tried. Results of both studies are encouraging. Commercial

distribution may soon become a national scheme.

Community-Based Distribution Scheme

12. The national family planning program has launched an all out effort

to make the resupply of such contraceptives as the oral contraceptive and

the condom as easy and as convenient for the user as possible. This is the

Community-Based Distribution Scheme. For this purpose, a variety of village

contraceptive distribution centres (VCDCs) have been established through most

of Java and Bali. These are staffed by various categories of individuals,

including paid acceptors, members of the Village Social Institute who come

under the authority of the Ministry of Interior, and members of the village

headman's staff. In Bali, contraceptive resupply, among other family plan-

ning activities, has been integrated into the traditional Balinese banjar

or hamlet administrative system. All told, there are approximately, 28,000

VCDCs in Java, and over 3,000 in Bali. Compared with the number of clinic

supply points, the VCDCs outnumber clinics 9 to 1. The proportions of all

oral contraceptive resupplies distributed through the VCDCs are 36% in West

Java, 45% in Central Java, 81% in East Java and 31% in Bali.

Contraceptive Supplies

13. The Bureau of Logistics of the Central NFPCB is responsible for

procuring contraceptives and maintaining a steady supply line. The Bureau

dispatches the contraceptives to the provincial offices where a reserve of

25% of the supplies is always maintained; the rest is distributed to the

kabupaten. Maintaining a small reserve, the kabupaten NFPCB supplies the

PUSKESMAS which, in turn, supplies the PPKBD with a month's stock. Staff

members are available at each administrative level to handle the distribution

and supply. Except for the 27.5 mm Lippes loop, all other sizes of this type

of IUD are manufactured in Indonesia. Oral contraceptives have been and will

continue to be supplied by USAID until December 1977. Thereafter, the demand

will be r.met by local production--tableting in the initial stages followed by

complete production eventually.

F. Information, Education and Communications

Community Education

14. Education of the community in Java and Bali is carried out pri-

marily by non-medical family planning fieldworkers. At the national level,

the Special Bureau of Fieldworkers plans the overall program and directs

ANNEX 2

Page 5

and supervises it. A coordinator at the provincial level, backed up by

assistant coordinators does the detailed planning of the provincial program

and provides guidance for its implementation and supervises performance. A

supervisor at the kabupaten is in overall charge of operations and works

through a group leader and fieldworkers who are attached to the PUSKESMAS.

On an average there are four fieldworkers for every PUSKESMAS which works out

to a ratio of one fieldworker to about 14,000 population and one group leader

for every four or five fieldworkers. With the coming in of the Community-

Based Distribution Scheme the fieldworkers assist and supervise the educa-

tional activities of the VCDC . In addition to this direct input of the

NFPCB, family planning is included in the health education programs of the

MOH in the clinic and the community. Information officers of the Ministries

of Religious Affairs and of Information, who are largely face-to-face communi-

cation practitioners working at the kecamatan level, also participate in the

community education program.

15. Face-to-face communications in 10 provinces of the other islands

include campaigns directed at special groups in the community, involvement

of community leaders, orientation of community leaders and youth groups

and special teams to carry out informational/educational activities at the

kecamatan and village levels. Paramedical staff of the PUSKESMAS educate

the community regarding family planning as part of their health education

activities. The NFPCB plan to intensify this educational program by attach-

ing four volunteer motivators to each PUSKESMAS. The PUSKESMAS staff will

then have a role similar to that of the group leader in Java and Bali and

will operate through the four volunteers at the intermediate stage and

the VCDC and traditional midwives (dukuns) at the village level. The plan

will also provide support to the paramedical staff through the appointment

of a coordinator at the provincial level and a supervisor at the kabupaten

level. Volunteer motivators at PUSKESMAS level are already being recruited

and trained.

Public Information

16. When the NFPCB was established in 1970, there was hardly any activity

in family planning in the Ministry of Information or its associated agencies,

such as the Radio Republik Indonesia or the Television Republik Indonesia.

The first step taken by the Bureau of Information and Motivation of the

Central NFPCB was to conduct a series of orientation courses, seminars and

workshops for officials of the Ministry of Information and its associated

agencies, as well as for officials of the Ministries of Social Welfare and of

Religious Affairs, journalists, practitioners of indigeneous media, ullemas

(religious leaders), community leaders, and the leaders of women's and youth

groups. The NFPCB provided the funds, technical advice and in some cases

teachers and the organization concerned conducted the sessions. This approach

has resulted in the formation of organized groups such as the Family Planning

Writers Association, Zero Population Group of the students, and others with

population and family planning as the binding force; it has also helped to

introduce family planning into the activities of existing organized groups

such as KOWANI (women's organization) and HMI (Muslim Students Association).

ANNEX 2Page 6

These national -ganizations have branches all over the country. They conductorientation couMr,-cs with financial, material and technical assistance from theNFPCB and thus help in stimulating and sustaining community interest inpopulation matters.

17. The Ministry of Information has also developed a family planningunit; this was reorganized recently and now consists of a Chairman and sixothers including the news directors of the State radio and television net-works and those in charge of public relations and regional publicity. TheNFPCB provides this unit with its assessment of the information needs of theprogram, technical information, guidance and funds. At the provincial level,the Ministry of Information maintains a provincial information office calledthe KANWIL consisting of a chairman, and four divisions--public speaking,mobile units, press and general--each with one or more professional staff;with other supporting and administrative personnel the total staff strengthis between 50 and 60. There is a project leader for information and motiva-tion in each provincial NFPCB office in Java and Bali. This officer coor-dinates public information activities in the provinces through an informationand motivation team comprising representatives of the implementing units.The Governor's role is pivotal; since he is responsible for the progress ofthe program in his province, he personally directs the agencies to participatein the public information program and thus sets the pace for the Bupatis andothers to do likewise within their areas.

18. At present, the information, education and communication program inthe 10 other provinces is the direct charge of the Chairman of the provincialNFPCB. A coordinating team with the provincial information officer as theChairman and representatives of the implementing units as members has beenappointed by the Governor to assist the Chairman of the provincial NFPCB andactually carry out an information service.

19. At the kabupaten level in Java and Bali--the operational base--theMinistry of Information has an information office with about three to fiveinformation officers and a total staff strength of between 25 and 30. Itoperates a PUSPENMAS (public information centre). Areas of concentrationare the same as at the provincial level and a multi-media approach is usedincluding posters, leaflets, exhibitions, traditional media, bulletinsand films. A mobile information unit (provided under the joint IDA/UNFPA-assisted project) is located in each kabupaten with a driver, an operatorand a speaker. As there is no special functionary for information at thekabupaten NFPCB office, the Chairman himself coordinates public informationactivities in the area.

20. The kecamatan information worker is largely a face-to-face communi-cations functionary. As of July 1976, there were 1,577 kecamatan informationworkers in the six provinces of Java and Bali, of whom 52.8% sent in reports.Collectively, they organized 26,848 meetings: mixed group (43%), men's group(16%), women's groups (34%) and youth groups (7%); of these 73% were massmeetings, 13% group discussions, and 0.73% were sessions using indigeneous

ANNEX 2Page 7

media. Media or audiovisual aids were used on 944 occasions; films accounteu

for 38% of these occasions, slides 7%, flipcharts 48%, filmstrips 0.6%, and

cassettes 6.25%. Total attendance reported was 3,214,070. Subjects covered

included the population problem, religion and family planning, family planning

and family welfare, as well as information on contraceptive methods.

Radio and Television

21. There are 46 Radio Republik Indonesia stations in the country, of

which 18 are in Java and Bali. In addition, there are 700 governmental and

non-governmental commercial radio stations owned by regional governments,

universities, the Armed Forces and the nrivate sector. There are six television

stations, three in Java, two in Sumatra and one in South Sulawesi; the recently

launched domestic satellite will enable the establishment of a station in each

province during the third five-year plan. There is a great deal of coverage

of family planning in the radio programs of both Radio Republik Indonesia and

commercial stations. Initially, the NFPCB provided funds to both types of

stations for family planning broadcasts. Now both Radio and Television

Republik Indonesia include funds for this purpose in their own budgets, in

addition to NFPCB funding.

Printed Material

22. Initially, because of the lack of an infrastructure to stimulate

and coordinate production of printing material, the Bureau of Information

and Motivation of the Central NFPCB formerly prepared prototypes, pretested

them, commissioned their production and arranged for their distribution.

Now, except for magazines, bulletins and press reviews, all printed mate-

rials are produced in the provinces. From 1970 to date, the Central NFPCB

has produced 8 booklets on the population problem, 16 on the social, economic

and cultural aspects of family planning, 5 on medical and health aspects, 7

on religion and family planning, 1 on law and family planning, and 15 onpolitical and organizational aspects. During this period 5.7 million copies

of 27 leaflets and over a million copies of 20 posters were produced. Two

sets of flipcharts were produced in 1972 and 1973, 2,000 copies of each set.

The Central NFPCB publishes a monthly magazine. The annual print order has

increased from 90,000 in 1970-71 to 300,000 in 1976-77. Special calendarswere issued from 1971-72 to 1974-75 with a print order of 10,000 each year.

Films

23. In all, 24 films have been produced--18 by the Central NFPCB, four

by the IPPA and two by the NFPCB of West Java. Together they account for

624 minutes of running time. There are 1,191 copies of the 24 titles. Both

local and international funds have been used to produce these films. Eight

sets of slides have been prepared. A thousand copies of four cassettes with

family planning songs have also been produced.

Training and Communications

24. Some of the communications personnel involved in the program have

been trained in established training programs at the University of Chicago

ANNEX 2Page 8

and the East-West Communication Institute, and in India, Japan and thePhilippines. Others have gone on study tours of Asian countries and yetothers on conducted tours to program sites within the country. Recently,study tours financed under the joint IDA/UNFPA-assisted project were under-taken by seven batches of three staff each. These persons were drawn fromthe central and provincial NFPCB offices; the Ministries of Information,Health, Interior, Education, Manpower and Religious Affairs, and the ArmedForces, as well as the IPPA, Muhammadiyah and the Indonesian Council ofChurches. The main objective of the tours was to study the communicationsprogram for family planning of the countries visited with special referenceto organization, programming and research. Countries visited included theArab Republic of Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Iran, the Republic of Korea,Hfalavsia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.

G. Training

25. The IPPA established the National Training Centre in Jakarta in1968 and in the following year provincial training centres (PTCs) in the sixprovinces of Java and Bali. In 1971 a new building was constructed for theNational Training and Research Centre (NTRC). The PTCs, however, werehoused in rented premises. Training staff was part time, drawn from theMOH and from universities and other teaching institutions. These institu-tions not only trained volunteers, staff and field personnel of the IPPAbut also doctors, nurses, social workers and others from the MOH and otherGovernment agencies.

'26. With the establishment of the national family planning programin 1970, training needs soared enormously. A Bureau of Education and Train-ing was set up in the Central NFPCB and project leaders for training appointedto the provincial NFPCB offices. Actual training was carried out by theTPPA training centres and the provincial training centres of the MOH, theU7FPCB meeting the training costs. With financial assistance from the jointIDA/UNFPA-assisted project, seven sub-provincial training centres (STCs) inWest, Central and East Java were established primarily to train the largenumber of fieldworkers and group leaders required in the national program.Four of these were managed by the MOH and the other three by the IPPA. Thejoint project provided support for the construction of 10 STCs in thesethree provinces and one PTC in each of the six provinces in Java and Bali.

27. During the period 1969-70 to 1973-74, a total of 40,452 personswere trained. These included: 1,480 physicians; 4,905 paramedical andauxiliary personnel; 3,880 clinic-based and 259 kabupaten-based reporting andrecording personnel; 8,590 fieldworkers for initial training and 1,214 inrefresher courses; 1,533 group leaders for initial training and 147 in re-fresher courses; 76 fieldworkers' supervisors; 23 fieldworkers' coordinatorsand assistant coordinators; 282 administrators--61 from the central level,62 provincial, 119 kabupaten, and 40 logistics personnel; 33 information

ANNEX 2Page 9

officers; 5,583 information workers; 129 mobile information unit technicians;161 social workers; 20 research and evaluation personnel; 37 trainers; 10,695dukuns; and 1,405 others. In addition, several workshops and seminars wereconducted for curriculum development and for special subject areas.

28. Training was included as a component in the joint IDA/UNFPA-assistedproject. The training component included: construction and equipment ofbuildings for six PTCs and 10 STCs; defraying a portion of the operationalcosts; and instituting a staff development program. Except for the PTC inEast Java, the construction and equipment of all the buildings has been com-pleted.

29. At the same time, the NFPCB was concerned that the two parallelsets of training institutions under the management of two different imple-menting units, each set with its own orientations and emphases, was result-ing in variations in concepts, methods and standards. Careful examination ofthe problem led to the conclusion that qualitative improvement would requirea greater degree of uniformity in standards--work-programs, personnel andfacilities--and more and sustained technical guidance from a well-staffed,multi-disciplinary central institution to peripheral ones which could beensured only by developing a cohesive and well-knit training system undera single management. Since the training of family planning personnel isinterdisciplinary in nature, and hence cuts across the specialties of theseveral implementing units, the NFPCB decided to create a national trainingsystem and keep it under its own administrative control.

30. Ultimately the national training system will include: the NFPCB'sBureau of Education and Training which is to be expanded during 1977-78;six PTCs and 10 STCs in Java and Bali--the successors to the erstwhile IPPAinstitutions; and 10 new PTCs to replace the existing ad hoc training facili-ties of the IPPA in the 10 provinces of the other islands. The NFPCB placedthe new PTCs--housed in the new buildings constructed with joint projectassistance--under the administrative control of the respective provincialchairmen from October 1, 1976. The NFPCB will endeavor to retain as manyof the IPPA trainers as possible. Remaining positions will be filled bysecondment on a fixed-term basis from universities, teacher training col-leges, other technical institutions, and concerned Government departmentsor by open recruitment. All faculty members--whether NFPCB staff or sec-onded from other agencies--will be assigned full-time to the training cen-tres. It is expected that the full complement of staff will be in positionby July 1, 1977.

31. The NFPCB has evolved a staff development program in two phases--a short-term one to improve current training programs and a long-term one toprepare for eventualities. The need for such a program is emphasized by theanticipation of a staff turnover as a result of the change in management;this would necessitate the training of a number of new trainers and it wasconsidered more pragmatic as well as more economical to use a new curriculum

ANNEX 2Page 10

for this pur-ose, rather than expose the trainers to the old curriculum andcall them back for retraining.

32. The short-term staff development program envisaged sending about

a dozen trainers to the University of Connecticut for the 13-week course on

training of trainers, and about 20 trainers to the National Institute of

Family Planning in India for exposure to an adapted version of their train-ing course for Indian trainers to be followed by placement in a regional

family planning training centre and state and local program headquartersfor practical training experience, the whole program lasting for about sixmonths. On their return home the two groups of trainers would meet in a

workshop situation, review the existing curriculum for trainers and reviseit in the light of their experience in two very different situations. The

expectation was that such a process, without foisting any one ideology on

Indonesia, would encourage the national training program to develop in the

light of its own needs and interests enriched by experience elsewhere.

33. Five trainers financed by USAID have participated in the University

of Connecticut training course. Sixteen trainers spent 5-1/2 months in India

and stopped in Thailand and Singapore on the way back home; funds from the

joint project were used for this purpose. In addition to these two majorgroups, other trainers have visited several other countries and studied their

programs.

34. The long-term aspect of the staff development program consists of

sending suitable trainers for full academic courses at a master's degree or

diploma level in universities abroad in disciplines or professions relevant

to family planning. Financed by the joint project four trainers are scheduledto go to the Philippines and the United States of America during 1977-78 for

specialization in management, communications, education and sociology. These

funds will permit sending another five or six persons in the following year.The rest of the scheme will depend upon availability of funds--national or

international.

35. The NFPCB has used funds from various sources to strengthen the

competence of other staff members as well as those of the implementingunits in all aspects of the program. Staff members have gone to other coun-tries for regular academic courses in universities and institutions of higher

learning, established specific- purpose courses, study tours, internationaland regional seminars and workshops and observation tours.

H. Service Statistics System

36. In July 1970, a comprehensive and standardized data system was

designed by the NFPCB for the national family planning program. Theservice statistics portion of the system incorporated the field-proven

ANNEX 2Page 11

aspects of various African and Asian family planning service statisticssystems. Following field testing, which resulted in minor changes, the

system was adopted in 1971. The NFPCB provides a feedback report to thefield within 30 days of data receipt. As an average of 92% of the familyplanning clinics submit their reports on time, i.e., within 10-12 days after

the end of the reporting month, the speed with which the monthly statistics

are compiled and reported back to the field in Indonesia is unique for anational family planning program of comparable size. In 1971, NFPCB alsoimplemented a monthly contraceptive stock inventory and utilization program.

Both systems continue to be in operation with minor changes necessitatedfrom time to time to cope with changes in the program. In addition to theroutine statistics, data for specific studies such as continuation rates,

side-effects, etc., are obtained through ad hoc surveys.

I. Program Results

New Acceptors 1/

37. Since its inception in 1969-70 through the end of 1976-77 2/ thenational family planning program recruited 8,442,054 new acceptors in Javaand Bali. The number of new acceptors recruited annually is shown in Table 2,

together with the annual targets, and acceptors as a proportion of marriedwomen age 15-44.

38. In terms of the methods selected by new acceptors in Java and

Bali, (Table 3) oral contraceptive has increased considerably in importancefrom around 28% of all methods selected in 1969-70 to 68.5% in 1974-75 sincewhen there has been a slight decline. The IUD, on the other hand, declinedin relative importance, from a high of 55% in 1969-70 to a low of 11% in1974-75 but subsequently rose to over 18% in 1976-77. New acceptors of thecondom have fluctuated from about 18% in the first year of the national pro-

gram to 5% in 1971-72 back up to 19% in 1974-75 and 1975-76 and down againto about 13% in 1976-77. Other methods, including injectables and steriliza-tion, make up a relatively small proportion of total acceptances, generally

in the neighborhood of 1% or more each year.

39. In the 10 provinces of the other islands, where the program has

been in operation since 1974, the number of new acceptors increased from117,966 in 1974-75 (24 per 1,000 MWRA 3/) to 233,345 in 1976-77 (62 per

1/ An acceptor is defined as a woman who accepts contraception for the

first time or who reaccepts after the termination of a pregnancy.

2/ The program year coincides with the Indonesian fiscal year, i.e.,

April 1-March 31.

3/ MWRA: Married woman in the reproductive age group (i.e., 15-44 years).

ANNEX 2Page 12

1,000 MWRA). The pattern of acceptance does not differ markedly from that

of Java and Bali.

Acceptor Characteristics

40. In terms of new acceptor characteristics, the family planning

program on Java and Bali has been recruiting progressively younger and

less well-educated women whose husbands are likely to be farmers or fisher-

men and who have fewer living children. Table 4 summarizes the changes

that have occurred in new acceptors over the life of the program. On Java

and Bali the "typical" acceptor is a 27-year old woman with less than a

primary school education, with 2.54 living children and whose husband is

a farmer, fisherman, a laborer or was unemployed. The "typical" acceptor

in the 10 provinces of the other islands is a 29-year old woman with a

primary school or better education, with 3.88 living children, whose hus-

band is a Government official or a tradesman.

Continuation Rates

41. Data for the calculation of up-to-date continuation rates are

presently being collected and analysed. Listed in Table 5 are a selection

of 12-month first method continuation rates as derived from a number of dif-

ferent surveys. First method continuation rates for IUD acceptors, especially

in the case of Bali and East Java, run consistently higher than comparative

figures for other national family planning programs in the region. Oral con-

traceptive continuation rates, on the other hand, are more in line with those

found in other programs.

Current Users

42. There has been a continual increase in the estimated number of

current program users. As shown in Table 6, current users of all contra-

ceptive methods in Java and Bali in 1972-73 were approximately 738,000 or

nearly 8% of all MWRA. By March 1977, there were an estimated 3,486,323

current users, or 24.1% of MWRA. In the 10 provinces of the other islands,

there were an estimated 322,567 current users as of March 1977, which repre-

sented 6.2% of MWRA.

Program Impact on Fertility

43. Although data on the direct measurement of fertility change in

Indonesia are not yet available, several estimates of fertility change for

Java and Bali have been made. In a 1975 study, it was estimated that the

total fertility rate (TFR) on Bali had decreased from 5.9% to 4.3% between

1970 and 1975 (a 27% reduction). East Java followed with a 19% decline,

from a TFR of 5.1% to approximately 4.1%. The decline estimated for

Central Java was in the neighborhood of 11%, with the TFR dropping from

5.6% to 5.0%. West Java registered the smallest reduction, with a TFR

of 6.3% in 1975 compared to a TFR 6.8% in 1970 (a 7% reduction).

ANNEX 2Page 13

44. Initial indications from a 1974-75 sample vital registration projectin selected sub-districts of the country suggest that fertility has perhapsdeclined further. What is of particular interest is the apparently strongrelationship between the number of current users in the sub-district and crudebirth rate for those areas, as seen in Table 7.

J. Evaluation and Research

45. Research activities undertaken through the auspices of the NFPCBhave been grouped under four broad categories: information and motivation,management, training and medical. Some 130 research projects have beenundertaken since the inception of the program. Under the first category areincluded a wide variety of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) studies ofparticular areas of the country and various minority groups; studies concern-ing acceptor characteristics; the use of various media, including the massmedia, traditional media and the folk arts, and informal channels for thecommunication of family planning information; the use of paramedical personnelfor motivation and service delivery. Other studies have examined the sourceand effect of rumors on contraceptive acceptance and use, the status of womenin customary law, and the value of children. Under management studies, sev-eral manpower evaluations have been conducted on fieldworkers, the feasibilityand advantage of paid incentives for fieldworkers, verification of servicestatistics data, and evaluations of the organization and management of thefamily planning program at various levels. Under training, studies includeroutine evaluation of specific training programs for particular categoriesof individuals in addition to studies of the training provided fieldworkers.Medically-oriented studies consist of evaluations of mobile clinics and mobileservice units, contraceptive continuation rates (including a major on-goingquarterly acceptor survey for Java and Bali), evaluations of sterilizationpilot projects, condom mailing schemes, and the integration of family plan-ning and maternal and child health activities.

ANNEX 2

Page 14

Table 1

INDONESIA II: POPULATION AND FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM FINANCIAL RESOURCES,GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA AND FOREIGN DONOR, 1968-69 TO 1975-76

(US$ OOOs)

1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76

Government of 75 300 1,323 2,300 5,134 5,885 8,400 12,500Indonesia 3.5% 18.9% 28.5% 44.1% 52.7% 40.8% 39.9% 49.0%

Foreign 2,051 1,288 3,319 2,913 4,600 8,552 12,636 13,000Donor 96.5% 81.1% 71.5% 55.9% 47.3% 59.2% 60.1% 51.0%

Total Per .028 .021 .060 .076 .120 .177 .263 .297CapitaJava and Bali

Total Per 80.90 29.90 25.61 10.04 9.02 11.02 14.26 15.40AcceptorJava and Bali

Source: USAID estimates.

ANNEX 2Page -5

Table 2

INDONESIA II: ANNUAL NEW ACCEPTOR TARGETS AND PROGRAM ACCOMPLISHMENTSJAVA AND BALI, 1969-70 TO 1976-77

(OOOs)

1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77

Target 100 125 550 1,000 1,250 1,400 1,645 1,756

Accomplishment 53 181 519 1,079 1,369 1,475 1,786 1,979

% of Target 53 145 94 108 110 105 109 113

New Acceptors 5 15 40 81 101 103 126 137per 1000 MarriedWomen Age 15-44

Source: National Family Planning Coordinating Board.

ANNEX 2Page 16

Table 3

INDONESIA II: TRENDS IN METHODS SELECTED BY NEW ACCEPTORSJAVA AND BALI, 1969-70 TO 1976-77

Year Contraceptive Methods (%)Oral IUD Condom Others

1969-70 27.5 54.7 17.91970-71 44.1 42.2 13.71971-72 54.2 40.9 4.9 -

1972-73 56.3 35.2 8.0 .51973-74 62.7 21.4 15.0 .91974-75 68.5 11.3 19.2 .91975-76 67.5 12.5 19.0 1.0

1976-77 66.8 18.4 12.9 2.1

/ Percentages may not add to 100 due to rounding.


ANNEX 2Page 17

Table 4

INDONESIA II: TRENDS IN PROGRAM ACCEPTOR CHARACTERISTICSJAVA AND BALI, 1971-72 TO 1975-76

Characteristics 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76

Age at Acceptance

15-29 53 54 58 62 6730-44 47 46 42 38 33

Parity

3 or Less 50 56 63 67

More than 3 - 50 44 37 33

Education

Less than Primary 85 90 91 93 93Primary or Higher 15 10 9 7 7

Husband's occupation

Farmer/Fisherman 52 63 67 71 71Other 48 37 33 29 29


ANNEX 2Page 18

Table 5

INDONESIA II: SELECTED TWELVE-MONTH FIRST METHOD CONTINUATInN RATES.

JAVA AND BALI

7% Continuation ofArea Survey Date Contraceptive Methods

Oral IUD

Mojokerto, East Java 1974

Acceptors before January 1974 59 85

Special Drive Acceptors 48 81

East Java 1974

Regular Acceptors 79 94


Bali 1975

Regular Acceptors 56 94


Central Java 1973 - 871976 63 -

West Java 1972 - 87

1976 63 -Jakarta 1973 69 83


ANNEX 2

Page 19

Table 6

INDONESIA II: TRENDS IN CURRENT USERS BY METHODS, JAVA AND BALI1972-73 TO 1976-77

(OOOs)

Methods 1972-73 1973-74 1974-75 1975-76 1976-77

Oral Contraceptives 288 609 1,102 1,859 2,070IUD 436 762 891 972 1,223

Other 13 37 112 167 193

TOTAL 737 ,408 2,_105 2_998 32486

Current Users as a 7.8 12.5 17.3 21.2 24.1

Percentage of MINRAL

/1 MWRA: Married Women in the Reproductive Age Group (i.e., 15-44 years)


ANNEX 2Page 20

Table 7

INDONESIA II: FAMILY PLANNING USE AND ESTIMATED FERTILITY LEVELS ANDCHANGES-BY SELECTED AREAS

Area MWRA Using Increase inFamily Planning.-l Rate/2 Rate!3 Population

Jakarta 11.6 37 11 2.6Cirebon, W. Java 28.5 33 11 2.2Sukabumi, W. Java 7.7 47 18 2.9Pekalongan, C. Java 11.0 34 24 1.0Malang, E. Java 26.4 24 11 1.3Klungkung, Bali 22.5 26 12 1.4W. Lombok, Lombok 1.5 36 13 2.3C. Tapanuli, N. Sumatra 1.4 48 16 3.2Banjar, S. Kalimantan 3.6 39 24 1.5Bone, S. Sulawesi 1.7 43 11 3.2

/1 MWRA: Married Women in the Reproductive Age Group (i.e., 15-44 years).

/2 Kabupaten Data, National Family Planning Coordinating Board, August 1975.

/3_ Vital Registration Project Data 1974-75 by Sub-district Level (kecamatan).


Chart 1

ORGANIZATION CHARTIN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRESIDENTIAL DECREE

NO 33/1972

PRESIDENT

STATE MINISTER FOR PEOPLE'SWELFARE

COUNCIL . CONSULTINGL.N4-------------------------------COMMITTEEIMPLEMENTING

| CHAIRMAN . .UNITSjNFC

|rN .P CB r - SERTRA

r------ ----- r-----

GOVERNOR DEPUTY I DEPUTY 11 DEPUTY 11 I~~~~ I II .BUREAU OF * BUREAU OP BUREAU OP * BUREAU OP . BUREAU OF * BUREAU OF REPORT.,PLANNING _ I . LOGISTICS MEDICAL SERVICE E EDUCATION & . ESEAR VAL- * NO & DDCUMENTA-

TRAINING *~~ UATION TION

BUREAU F i BURAU OF UREAU DF SPECIAL PROJECTS B _ SUREAUISIDN OFHINFORMATION& B

NMOTIVATION

PROVINCIAL CHAIRMANIMPLEMENTING PROVINCIALUNITS N FP C B

-T~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ j F R .TS E F VA E L

I REGENT

REGIONAL CHAIRMAN v X :IMPLEMENTING REMARKS REGIONAL | |

UNITS -------------- LINE OF OPERATIONAL STRATEGIES N

, _ _ _ _ LINE OF COORDINATION E F R T

, _ . . .. LINE OF STAFF CLERICAL STAFF

_- - LINE OF TECHNIQUE

.. LINE OF TECHNICAL ADMINISTRATION & FINANCE

LINE OF RESPONSIBILITY W-rld B-1, 16882

ANNEX 3Page 1

INDONESIA II: THE JOINT IDA/UNFPA-ASSISTED PROJECT

Introduction

1. In 1969, a UN-WHO-IBRD mission visited Indonesia at the Govern-ment's request to make recommendations on the establishment of a nationalfamily planning program. On the basis of its report a five-year operationalplan covering Java and Bali was prepared. Subsequently the GOI asked the Bankfor assistance and in May 1972 legal agreements covering a first populationproject were signed. This project was prepared on the basis of GOI requestsand with the assistance of the UN and specialized agencies including WHO,UNICEF, UNESCO, UNFPA and the Bank Group. Project costs were estimated atUS$33 million to be disbursed over a five-year period. The joint project wasfunded by an IDA Credit of US$13.2 million, a UNFPA Grant of US$13.2 millionand a GOI contribution of US$6.6 million. The project became effective inNovember 1972. At the UNFPA's request, IDA acts as the executing agency.

2. The objective of this joint IDA/UNFPA-assisted project is to sup-port the development of the GOI's national family planning program. Itscomponents covered a wide range of family planning activities including:

a. the construction and equipment of 10 paramedicaltraining schools;

b. the construction and equipment of about 320 MCH/FPcentres in East Java, Bali and Jakarta;

C. the construction and equipment of six provincial and10 sub-provincial family planning training centres;

d. salary support for some 7,000 non-medical field-workers;

e. support for research and evaluation acitivities cover-ing technical assistance, fellowships, research stu-dies, seminars and a demonstration field postpartumprogram;

f. the construction and equipment of one central and sixprovincial NFPCB administrative centres;

g. the provision of transport for staff involved inMCH/FP services and motivation activities;

h. support for an extension of the hospital postpartumprogram;

ANNEX 3Page 2

i. the provision of 115 mobile information units, tech-nical assistance, fellowships and studies for infor-mation and communication activities;

j. support for a population education program; and

k. technical assistance and fellowship support for programmanagement and project implementation.

Implementation

3. In order to implement the project, the NFPCB established a projectimplementation unit (PIU) which included staff for construction, accounting,procurement and project management. This was considered necessary becauseof the NFPCB's inadequate management experience, particularly in civil works.In the course of time, as the NFPCB's management capability has improved,the functions of the PIU have been absorbed by the appropriate NFPCB bureaus,with the exception of the construction unit. The latter is now being absorbedby the NFPCB secretariat in preparation for the proposed second project.Foreign management consultants were contracted to assist the PIU in projectimplementation, and technical assistance was also provided for family planningprogram management, training, information, research, vehicle maintenance andoperations, and population education.

4. The joint project was the first attempt at donor coordination ina Bank-assisted population project. Not only was the UNFPA involved as afunding partner, but other agencies coordinated the provision of technicalassistance and services. WHO supported the project on the basis of its over-all assistance agreement with the GOI. UNESCO, UNICEF and the PopulationCouncil, a privately-funded agency based in New York, negotiated and signedspecific technical asistance agreements with the GOI. On the one hand, co-ordination undoubtedly affected the pace of implementation because of thetime taken to sign agreements after the resolution of difficulties causedprimarily by the need to recognize differing agency operating procedures andGOI assistance requirements. On the other hand, the joint project helpedthe GOI to coordinate assistance from several sources for a variety of acti-vities, avoid overlap and assist the GOI in channelling this assistance tokey program development areas.

Construction

5. The construction program got off to a slow start in part due tothe inexperience of the NFPCB with a program of this size. Failure to briefthe local architects adquately on user requirements was also in part respon-sible. Retention of foreign management consultants was of little help inovercoming these problems. Increasing familiarity of NFPCB staff with Indo-nesian construction requirements and the establishment of effective tendering

ANNEX 3Page 3

procedures and documentation with the support of Bank supervision missionshas eventually produced a unit of the NFPCB capable of managing a construc-tion program of this size and nature. To date, 45 MCH/FP centres have beenbuilt in the Mojokerto Regency of East Java for the demonstration fieldpostpartum program, five provincial training centres (PTCs) and 10 sub-provincial training centres (STCs). The central NFPCB headquarters and 50MCH/FP centres in East Java are under construction. Tenders will be letin June for the remaining PTC in Surabaya, six provincial offices, and nineparamedical training schools. The GOI has proposed that the civil worksprogram be limited to the construction of paramedical training schools,leaving one nurse-midwifery school and 223 MCH/FP centres in East Java, Baliand Jakarta to be dropped from the project. The reasons are that the GOI,through the INPRES program, has built or rehabilitated a total of 3,675centres in the period 1974-77 (45% in Java and Bali) which has eliminated theneed for additional centres to be constructed from project funds. The nurse-midwife school is no longer needed following a change in the paramedicalstaffing pattern subsequent to the start of the project. And on policygrounds, the national program is moving towards a service system based to alesser extent on static service outlets than at the conception of the project.The Bank and the UNFPA have formally agreed with these proposals.

Transport

6. With the assistance of UNICEF, the joint project procured 158 four-wheel drive vehicles, 213 minibuses, 3,180 motorcycles and 4,570 bicycles.They are all in use in the field and provide program staff with much neededmobility. In addition, 115 mobile information units were procured and arein use in each kabupaten in Java and Bali. With the assistance of a foreignexpert, the NFPCB has established systems and procedures covering the main-tenance and operation of its vehicles, including those provided by otherdonors and those procured from local resources. Further details of thetransport provided by the joint project are given in Annex 5.

Training

7. Two of the joint projects' components are directly concerned withtraining, providing facilities and equipment for training paramedical staffand family planning workers. One of the project's objectives was to assistthe process of restructure the 28 classes of paramedical staff which theMOH employed into two or three categories, all of which would be importantin providing family planning services. As a result of discussions and sem-inars, the concept of an auxiliary nurse-midwife as considered in the projectappraisal report was developed into that of a community health nurse (PKK).The MOH plans to train 31,500 PKKs by 1980, 50% of whom would be nursesretained from existing categories in a one-year course. An essential partof the development of the PKK course was the retraining of 34 nurses asPKKs at Sidoardjo in East Java in 1974. They received field training inMojokerto Regency and have been posted to the demostration field postpartum

ANNEX 3Page 4

program. An evaluation of their performance is contributing to the develop-ment of the PKK training curriculum. The nurse-midwife category has beenreplaced by that of a graduate supervisory midwife and the proposed trainingschool for this category is no longer required. Tendering of the construc-tion of the nine PKK training schools is scheduled for early June 1977, andcompletion of construction is scheduled for April 1978.

8. The joint project's assistance for the development of family plan-ning training is discussed in paragraphs 6.09 and 6.10 of this report and inAnnex 6. One of the more important training activities conducted by theIPPA with NFPCB financial assistance was the training of fieldworkers, thesalaries of whom were provided from joint project funds. Over 8,000 field-workers and the necessary supervisory staff have been trained. The currentnumber of fieldworkers is about 5,500 which gives a level of about 1:14,000people in Java and Bali. The project aimed at a level of 1:10,000 but thiswas lowered because of steep salary increases since 1971, problems of re-taining temporary staff such as fieldworkers, and the development of thevillage-based contraceptive distribution system which provides new and widerperipheral motivation and service activities. Problems of implementing thisassistance were caused by the dual budget system. The GOI share of salarieswas channelled through the development budget whilst project assistance waschannelled through a supplementary budget. Problems in monitoring the twosources were eventually overcome and project assistance in this respect hasbeen phased out to the point where the GOI is now entirely responsible forfieldworkers' salaries.

Information

9. In addition to the mobile information units, the joint project hasprovided two foreign advisors. One, who assisted the NFPCB's Bureau of Infor-mation, has completed his assignment. A second advisor, recruited to assistthe Ministry of Information's family planning unit, was recruited in November1976, for one year. His appointment coincides with the reorganization of thisunit and more effective radio, television and mass media support for familyplanning activities should result. Problems of providing adequate audiovisualmaterials for the mobile information units have been partly overcome by theprovision of an adequate number of copies of existing family planning films.With the assistance of UNESCO, the production of a new film and other audio-visual materials is nearing completion and should resolve these problems. Theproject has also supported study teams, drawn from the staff of the NFPCB andits implementing units to observe the information programs of major nationalfamily planning programs.

Population Education

10. The joint project's support for population education is describedin Annex 8.

ANNEX 3Page 5

Hospital Postpartum Program

11. The joint project provided support for an extension of the hospitalpostpartum program to 86 hospitals. WHO provided the services of a technicaladvisor, and the project provided salary support, essential hospital andoffice equipment, informational and educational materials, in-service train-ing programs, vehicles and funds for the evaluation of activities. Thestrength of the hospital postpartum program does not lie in its ability toadd substantial numbers of new acceptors to the progam but in the provisionof contraceptive services immediately after delivery or abortion, particu-larly surgical methods such as sterilization. The program recruits about25% of all delivery and abortion cases as "direct" acceptors, i.e., thosewho accept before or within three months of their discharge. This figurecompares well with international experience. Of the methods chosen, about10% selected tubectomy, 39% oral contraceptives and 28% the IUD, the remain-der selecting conventional contraceptives.

Research

12. The research component of the joint IDA/UNFPA-assisted projectwas designed to strengthen the research/evaluation capability of the NFPCB,provide support for local contract research, and develop a demonstrationfield postpartum program. The Population Council was made the executingagency; it has coordinated technical assistance support for the NFPCB, thePopulation Studies Centre of the Institute for Social and Economic Research(LEKNAS), and the demonstration field postpartum program in Mojokerto. Theproject also provided for fellowships, data processing equipment, vehiclesand salary supplements.

13. It is in the field of family planning evaluation and research thataid from other agencies, notably USAID and the Ford Foundation, has comple-mented the first project activities most directly. Progress made in thiscomponent particularly must be judged against the perspective of overall de-velopment which has occurred in this field. About 10 studies have been sup-ported from joint project funds covering both service and motivational aspectsof family planning activities. Of these, the more important include a surveyto evaluate the effectiveness of the special drive for new acceptors in EastJava, a sample vital registration project which is contracted to the CentralBureau of Statistics, and a quarterly acceptor survey, which provides feed-back on contraceptive use-effectiveness in the provinces in which the programoperates.

14. The project is supporting the development of the LEKNAS PopulationStudies Centre by funding overseas training fellowships, technical assistancefor both research and teaching duties, and specific studies including thepreparation of population projections for development planning purposes, in-cluding the preparation of the NFPCB's medium-term strategy. Two researchpapers have been produced on the status of women and work is proceeding ona study of population distribution policies.

ANNEX 3Page 6

15. The demonstration field postpartum program in Mojokerto had theobjectives of assuring improved maternal child care and more effective familyplanning. The joint project provided for the construction of 45 MCH/FP cen-tres, additional staff, technical assistance, vehicles, equipment and sup-port for studies. Thirty-four communty health nurses have been trained andadded to the Regency MCH/FP staff, the centres have been constructed and thenecessary vehicles and equipment procured. Baseline surveys, including a con-traceptive continuation rate survey, KAP studies, and a village ecologicalsurvey (probing into factors such as distance, which affect the provision offamily planning services) have been regulated. In mid-1976, the NFPCB andthe Ministry of Health modified the program's objectives to emphasize theintegration of family planning into MCH care and to improve health serviceswithin the framework of the national family planning program. As a result,operational plans are being revised, responsibility for evaluation has beendelegated to the Institute for Public Health in Surabaya, and technicalassistance in health/family planning systems analysis is being provided.Thus far, the demonstration has provided useful basic program data and theopportunity to examine the effectiveness of PKK training.

16. The development of an effective family planining research program isdifficult to manage because of its diversification. With donor support, theNFPCB has managed a contract research program which has focussed on providingimportant operational data and information on fertility and contraceptive usetrends; the available results have been successfully used for program feedbackand the development of the NFPCB's medium-term strategy. An adequate institu-tional research capability will be evident after the completion of the fellow-ship program and collaboration with foreign advisors.

Disbursements

17. At April 30, 1977, US$13.2 million (50%) of the combined Credit andGrant had been disbursed.

ANNEX 4Page 1

INDONESIA II: NFPCB MEDIUM-TERM PLANS

Program Strategy and Rationale

1. The Indonesian family planning program has evolved through several

critical and overlapping stages. Prior to 1969-70, limited family planning

information and services were administered essentially through a privately-

funded and single purpose program. Once the Government became publicly in-

volved in administering the program, services were first provided through

health channels and in particular through maternal and child health (MCH)

services. In spite of the extremely encouraging response to the expanded

public program which was built up with National Family Planning Coordinating

Board (NFPCB) as the coordinating agency and with several Ministries (Health,

Information, Education and Interior), the Armed Forces(ABRI) Health Services

and voluntary agencies (such as Muhammadiyah and the Indonesian Council of

Churches) cooperating, it was felt that for ultimate success family planning

had to be viewed in a wider context. The second five-year plan, promulgated

in 1974, articulated family planning as a general development issue and linked

national population strategy to national development priorities and activities.

2. The NFPCB has recognized that ultimate success de-

pended on:

a. a shift in responsibility for the program to the field

level, i.e., the degree to which fertility control and

the small family norm are accepted by the community it-

self and the degree to which the community bears the

ultimate responsibility for motivating, recruiting and

maintaining family planning acceptors and supporting and

reinforcing the small family norm; and

b. the undertaking of the responsibility for the family

planning program by the entire Government, i.e., the

degree to which the Government has initiated the process

whereby family planning and the goals of the national

population policy are integrated into the national de-

velopment programs of other ministries.

3. The redirection of the program towards the field is not new. One

of the early efforts to achieve this consisted of special drives in East

Java and Bali where the local population and community structures of entire

villages were mobilized for short but intensive campaigns to recruit new

acceptors. Although the special drives were initiated by the Government at

provincial level, their immediate success demonstrated the type of contribu-

tion which communities themselves could make to a more widespread acceptance

of family planning. Similarly, the community contraceptive distribution

schemes and the village acceptor groups emerged as much because of.the

*spontaneous involvement and participation of the communities in the family

planning program as because of direct Government intervention.

ANNEX 4Page 2

4. Ilarnessing local forces consists of a step-by-step procedure ofidentifying and training key individuals--formal and informal leaders--such as the village chief, his staff, local religious leaders and the schoolteacher, who have the capacity to organize and positively influence others.The Government does not consider the transfer of responsibility to the fieldpossible without a simultaneous improvement of the life of the individualand the community. It has begun to initiate and implement programs designedto overcome obstacles to family planning acceptance imposed by such featuresas high rates of infant and childhood mortality, widespread illiteracy andunemployment. For this reason family planning is working in close conjunctionwith the national development program for the rural areas to create a respon-sibility for disseminating, maintaining, and cultivating the small familynorm in the community.

Program Objectives

5. The long-term aim of the family planning program is to reduce fer-tility by 50% by the year 2000. On a linear decline, using a base total fer-tility rate (TFR) around 5.8 in 1970, the TFR should reach a level of about4.5 by 1983-84 which is the end of the third five-year plan. This wouldroughly correspond to a 10-point decline in the birth rate by 1983-84 fromthe level round 44 per 1,000 in 1970. In setting this target, the followingfactors have been taken into account:

a. Geographical Coverage: As of this year, the nationalfamily planning program provides direct informationand services in 16 provinces of the country. The pro-gram in West, Central and East Java, in Bali and inJakarta and Yogyakarta has been in operation sincethe inception of the family planning effort. In1974-75 the national program activities were expandedto 10 provinces in the other islands. During thethird five-year plan activities will be initiated inthe remaining provinces of the country.

b. Current Users of Contraception (Prevalence): The short-term goal of fertility decline has been set in terms ofprevalence rates to be attained by 1983-84. These are35% for Java and Bali, 25% for the 10 other provincesto which the program was extended in 1974-75 and 15%for the remaining provinces which will be broughtinto the program in the third five-year plan. The re-sponse of the public to the family planning programhas varied between provinces. Within Java and Balithe acceptor rate has differed markedly with theresult that by March 1977, prevalence rates havealso correspondingly differed, with Bali and EastJava recording prevalence rates of 35.4% and33.7% respectively of currently married womenaged 15-44, while the other four provinces had

ANNEX 4Page 3

prevalence rates varying from 15% to 20%. In workingout the targets of acceptors, these differentials inresponse between provinces have been taken into account.Within Java and Bali, the goal of 42% prevalence ratehas been set for Bali and East Java while the goalsfor the other provinces are less than 35, the averagefor the entire area. In the 10 provinces of the otherislands included in the program, provinces, such asNorth Sulawesi, which have done comparatively well areexpected to reach higher prevalence rates than others.It is premature to adjudge differences in responselikely to arise in the remaining provinces and allthese provinces have been considered as a group toreach the target of 15% prevalence by 1983-84.

c. Contraceptive Mix: An important aspect in relatinggoals of prevalence rates to the number of acceptorsto be recruited into the program is the acceptor choiceof the different types of contraceptives. A method suchas the IUD has a greater continuation rate than theoral contraceptive and it is to be expected that witha lesser number accepting the IUD the same prevalencerate as that reached with a larger number of oral con-traceptive acceptors can be obtained. The contracep-tive mix as displayed by acceptors is not only impor-tant in terms of prevalence rates but also in termsof effective protection given by different contracep-tives as reckoned by avoidance of accidental preg-nancies. Oral contraceptives, for instance, give riseto less accidental pregnancies as compared with theTUD. The net effect of acceptance of a contraceptiveon fertility is affected by continuance rate as wellas its effectiveness; contraceptive mix is, therefore,also important in determining fertility decline. Twosets of contraceptive mix have been assumed for Javaand Bali in working out acceptor targets, and aregiven in Table 1. Both assume a reversal of the trendtowards a lower acceptance of the IUD. Mix A sets anincrease in the acceptance rate of IUDs to 20% by 1983-84while Mix B aims at a more ambitious goal of 30% by thattime. The NFPCB has used Mix B as its target. Oralcontraceptives are expected to make up 50% of the accep-tors in both mixes, the rest being made up of "other"contraceptives. In the provinces of the other islands,the program strategy will aim at obtaining Mix B.

d. Number of New Acceptors Required: Having estimatedthe prevalence rates and contraceptive mixes required

ANNEX 4Page 4

to achieve the desired reduction in the birth rate,

the NFPCB has set targets of the number of new accep-

tors which must be recruited. As indicated in Tables

2, 3, 4 and 5, these differ from province to province

in accordance with population size, length of program,

and results achieved thus far. In Java and Bali, in

the next seven years covered by the program, (1977-78

to 1983-84) if contraceptive Mix A which indicates

greater use of oral contraceptives is followed, 16.1

million acceptors will need to be recruited. If Mix B

(the NFPCB target mix) is achieved, 15.15 million new

acceptors are needed to meet the target. Using Mix B,

4.45 million new acceptors are needed in the 10 prov-

inces of the other islands, and 0.7 million in the

remaining provinces.

Program Needs

6. To meet the program's objectives in Java and Bali, program expansion

will concentrate on the provision of information and services to areas not

completely or adequately covered yet. These will be provided through a number

of channels, including mobile service units and paramedical units as well as

the existing social structures and institutions of the community. The latter

will include village-based contraceptive supply depots, acceptor groups,

community leaders and social organizations which will become the final and

crucial supply link to rural inhabitants. Because of the nature of the

geography and population dispersion of the other islands, and because of

the experience gained by the programs of Java and Bali in involving local

institutions, greater reliance will be placed on mobile services as compared

with static clinics. The NFPCB does not plan to utilize family planning

fieldworkers in the other islands in the way they have been used on Java and

Bali. Instead village volunteers, village leaders and community organizations

will be trained to assume the roles and functions which fieldworkers have

filled elsewhere. At present, the NFPCB facilities in the other islands are

inadequate because they have to share already overcrowded offices with other

Government agencies. To accommodate the expanding activities of the NFPCB

in these areas, there is a need to increase the number of program staff

and new office facilities will be required.

7. Expansion of program activities will be sought through greater

interaction with the ministries of the national Government whose programs,

particularly in the realm of development, reach down to the community level.

Although the mechanism of involvement of other ministries in the family

planning program has already been set into motion, the NFPCB will provide

considerable assistance, primarily through population training programs and

seminars for the staff of these ministries. Similarly, plans have already

been made for training various key persons in the community such as community

leaders, religious leaders, teachers, local Government officials, voluntary

organizations, labor leaders and intellectuals who heretofore have not been

formally included in the information and educational component of the program.

ANNEX 4Page 5

Acceptor Maintenance

8. The program will also need to lengthen effective contraceptiveuse. One means of achieving this is to encourage new acceptors to adoptmore effective methods. During the seven-year period 1969-70 to 1975-76

there has been a steady erosion of IUD acceptances in Java and Bali, froma high 54.7% of new acceptors in 1969-70 to a low 11.3% in 1974-75. In

1975-76 the percentage increased to 18.4% and the NFPCB hopes to maintainthis reversal of the trend away from the IUD and has set the objectives of amethod mix for oral contraceptives, IUD and condoms of 50:30:20 (Mix B) by1983-84. One obvious approach to achieve this is simply the intensificationof campaigns to encourage acceptance of more effective methods. In theNovember 1975 special drive in East Java, particular emphasis was placedon increasing the proportion of IUD acceptances. The result was that IUD

acceptances made up 25% of the total of new acceptances during the intensivecampaign compared to an average of 10% in the regular program. Aside fromencouraging adoption of the IUD, the national program is investigatingthe feasibility of expanding institutional methods such as sterilization.Although such services are now available in only a few hospitals on Javaand Bali, interest is growing, particularly on Bali. The role of injectablesis likely to increase substantially in the next few years. A small pilotproject in Yogyakarta demonstrated the potential popularity of this method.

9. Contraceptive use can also be maintained by the removal of identi-fied obstacles such as rumours on side effects, real or imagined, which dis-

courage continued contraceptive use. There already exists a substantialinternational literature on medically validated side effects which may beencountered by users of various contraceptives. The NFPCB has conductedresearch with the support of joint project funds and will embark on a majorinformational and educational campaign to dispel those rumours which haveno scientific basis. The campaign will be designed to inform acceptors andcommunity leaders about common and mostly minor side effects which often

accompany initial and continued contraceptive use. Trained community leaderscan provide local counseling. Also, through the Government's expansion ofcommunity health centres and the provision of mobile service units, increasedprofessional back-up support is expected to be made readily accessible tothose few individuals who do experience major difficulties with contraceptiveuse. Greater emphasis will be made at the community level to create a com-munity awareness of the obstacles to contraceptive use and to encourage the

community as a whole to support sustained contraceptive use.

10. Another of the major obstacles to the continued use of contracep-tives, especially those which must be renewed periodically, is a break,even a temporary one, in the chain of contraceptive supplies. Here again,the Village Community Distribution Centre (VCDC) and the village acceptorgroups will play a major part in ensuring that contraceptive supplies areavailable when and where they are needed. The mobile service units, too,will contribute significantly to this effort.

ANNEX 4Page 6

11. At the national level, a decision has been taken by the Government

to make Indonesia as nearly self-sufficient in its contraceptive needs as

possible. With the likely phasing out of supplies through foreign assistance

and grants, the Government is moving towards local production. The Govern-

ment launched a domestic IUD production program in 1974, which today supplies

100% of the national need. A local oral contraceptive manufacturing capabil-

ity is also planned; production is expected to begin in December 1977 and

should provide all requirements by the end of the third five-year plan.

Program Support Activities

12. In order to meet its medium-term objectives and respond to program

needs, the NFPCB has identified principal program support activities whichrequire strengthening. These are:

a. Population Education: The Ministry of Education andCulture instituted the National Population Education Pro-

ject to run in close collaboration with NFPCB. The project,supported by joint project funds, has been operating for

three years. The earlier phase of the project had the

limited objective of probing into the integration of pop-ulation education into the school curricula and out-of-school program. The feasibility of such integration hasbeen established. With this in mind and with the decisionto gradually introduce from 1976 over a three-year periodthe new curricula at all the stages of school education,acccompanied by a massive program of upgrading all teachers,

the GOI decided to integrate population education in thenational education system. The program of the first phaseof the National Population Education Project which was to

end in 1978 was changed accordingly. By the end of the

second phase, 1979-80, population education will be assim-ilated in the educational system of the country coveringall the primary, lower secondary and higher secondaryschools of all types (general, vocational, technical,etc.). It will become an integral part of the pre-serviceand in-service training of teachers at all levels. Itsmanagement would become the responsibility of the existing

educational administrative machinery of the Ministry ofEducation and Culture at different levels. Thus, by 1980,

population education would become an integral part of the

activities of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Thoughas a start, attention has been focused on integrating popula-tion education in formal and non-formal education, through

the Ministry of Education and Culture, the plan is to incor-porate it in the activities of other ministries in due course.

ANNEX 4Page 7

b. Tar!Ti4gR: The term, here is broadly defined to includeboth formal training of field-level personnel, communityleaders and the like, as well as more informal trainingof other groups, such as personnel of national ministriesand other agencies whose greater involvement in the pro-gram is desired. It will be primarily through such train-ing that a common awareness and appreciation of the goalsand objectives of the national family planning program arecreated and the basis for unified support to the programwill be provided. Training has been provided so far by aNational Training and Research Centre (NTRC), six provincialtraining centres (PTCs) and four sub-provincial trainingcentres (STCs) of the Indonesian Planned Parenthood Associa-tion (IPPA). Family planning training has also been pro-vided for medical and paramedical staff at four provincialand four sub-provincial public health training centresof the MOH. The IPPA also operates 10 regional trainingfacilities in the other islands. Under the joint IDA/UNFPA-assisted project, six PTCs and 10 provincial STCs are beingconstructed to provide satisfactory facilities. Trainingis now recognized as a development function which meets theneeds of and strengthens the entire range of program opera-tions. It is against this background that the NFPCB, inconsultation with the concerned implementing units, isdeveloping a single national training system, under itsown administrative control which will be responsible forall family planning training activities. In pursuanceof these objectives, the NFPCB's Bureau of Education andTraining will be expanded and developed and will replacethe NTRC run by the IPPA. At present, training facilitiesin the provinces of the other islands are ad hoc institu-tions, utilizing public buildings for training coursesand staffed by part-time teachers brought in from variousorganizations. The NFPCB will establish a full-time PTCin each of the 10 provinces in the course of the nexttwo years; new buildings will be required to house thesetraining centres. In terms of staffing and facilities,the NFPCB intends to develop these training centres on thesame lines as those in Java and Bali. Their function willbe to train all categories of personnel required for theprovince.

c. Management Improvement: Improvement of the internalmanagement of the program will be achieved through animprovement and strengthening of the coordinating func-tion both within the NFPCB itself, and between the

ANNEX 4Page 8

NFPCB and the implementing units. Improvement is con-tingent upon a careful and clear statement of the activ-

ities, which each must undertake so that the function

of each at the central, provincial and district levels

are fully understood and implemented. Since the major

thrust of the program is to achieve the total involve-

ment of the community and its institutions in the pop-

ulation program, the management operation style at the

community level will reflect traditional modes of oper-

ation and will differ markedly from those existing at

higher levels. At the national level, the dialoguebetween population specialists and members of the legal

profession will be continued and expanded with a view

toward clarifying the legal aspects of the family plan-ning program, reconciling any discrepancies between

reality and existing statutes, and investigating avariety of legislative approaches to encouraging theacceptance of family planning and the small family

norm. A variety of innovative approaches to encouragethe greater participation, involvement and enthusiasmof communities in promoting family planning and the small

family norm will be designed and executed. These willinclude a number of incentive schemes which reward family

planning achievements at the community level.

ANNEX 4Page 9

Table 1

INDONESIA II: MIXES OF CONTRACEPTIVES USED IN SETTING TARGETS OF ACCEPTORS

Contraceptive MethodsYear MIX A (%) MIX B (%'.

Oral IUD Condom Total Oral IUD Condom Total

1976-77 63 17 20 100 63 17 20 1001977-78 60 17 23 100 60 20 20 1001978-79 58 17 25 100 55 25 20 1001979-80 56 18 26 100 54 26 20 100'1980-81 54 18 28 100 53 27 20 1001981-82 54 18 28 100 52 28 20 1001982-83 52 19 29 100 51 29 20 1001983-84 50 20 30 100 50 30 20 100


ANNEX 4Page 10

Table 2

INDONESIA II: ACCEPTOR TARGETS FROM 1976-77 TO 1983-84 AND EXPECTED FERTILITY RATESFOR JAVA AND BALI

MIX A/1

Year Number of Acceptors (OOs) MWRAL2 Total Prevalence BirthContraceptive Methods (0OOs) Fertility (a) RateL4

Oral IUD Condom Total Rate/3

1976-77 1,134 306 360 1,800 14.302 4.70 22.4 35.81977-78 1,200 340 460 2,000 14,602 4.57 25.1 34.81978-79 1,218 357 525 2,100 14,909 4.46 27.5 34.01979-80 1,232 396 572 2,200 15,316 4.33 29.3 33.31980-81 1,242 414 644 2,300 15.643 4.33 30.9 32.71981-82 1,296 432 672 2,400 15, 980 4.22 32.4 32.21932-83 1,300 475 725 2,500 16,324 4.16 33.9 31.61983-84 1,300 520 780 2,600 16,675 4.09 35.2 31.1

/1 Basis of estimation is woman-years of protection necessary for an essentiallylinear decline in total fertility rate (TFR). First-year continuation rates usedare 92%, 62% and 21% respectively for Oral, IUD, and Condom. Effectiveprotection after allowing for accidental pregnancies and overlap of use withpostpartum amenorrhea assumed to be 83% of woman-years of protection.


/3 Total Fertility Rate - Base 5.78

/4 Birth Rate - Base 44.0.


ANNEX 4

Page 11

Table 3

INDONESIA II: ACCEPTOR TARGETS FROM 1976-77 TO 1983-84 AND EXPECTED FERTILITY RATESFOR JAVA AND BALI

MIX BL 1

Year Number of Acceptors (000s) MWRA L2 Total Prevalence Birth

Contraceptive Methods (000s) Eertili-ty (%) RateL4

Oral IUD Condom Total Rate R

1976-77 1,134 306 360 1,800 14,302 4.70 22.4 35.8

1977-78 1,140 380 380 1,900 14,602 4.58 25.0 34.9

1978-79 1,100 500 400 2,000 14,909 4.47 27.3 34.0

1979-80 1,134 546 420 2,100 15,316 4.37 29.4 33.3

1980-81 1,153 587 435 2,175 15,643 4.26 31.7 32.4

1981-82 1,170 630 450 2,250 15,980 4.16 33.8 31.7

1982-83 1.186 674 465 2,325 16,324 4.06 35.9 30.9

1983-84 1,200 720 480 2,400 16,675 3.96 37.9 30.2

/1 Basis of estimation is woman-years of protection necessary for an essentially,

linear decline in total fertility rate (TFR). First-year continuation rates

used are 92%, 62% and 21% respectively for Oral, IUD, and Condom. Effec-

tive protection after allowing for accidental pregnancies and overlap of use with

postpartum amenorrhea assumed to be 83% of woman-years of protection.


/3 Total Fertility Rate - Base 5.78



ANNEX 4

Page 12

Table 4

INDONESIA II: ACCEPTOR TARGETS FROM 1976-77 TO 1983-84 AND EXPECTED RATESFOR TEN OTHER PROVINCES

MIX B 5L

Year Number of Acceptors (000s) MWRA/2 Total Prevalence BirthContraceptive Methods (OOOs) Fertility (%) Rate/4

Oral IUD Condom Total Rate/3

1976-77 139 37 44 220 5,149 5.76 4.8 44.21977-78 145 41 56 242 5,291 5.68 6.3 43.61978-79 244 72 106 422 5,439 5.57 8.5 42.71979-80 290 93 135 518 5,594 5.43 11.4 41.61980-81 346 115 180 641 5,752 5.28 14.4 40.51981-82 405 135 210 750 5,914 5.13 17.5 39.31982-83 454 166 253 873 6,080 4.98 20.5 38.21983-84 502 201 300 1,003 6,250 4.83 23.5 37.0

/1 Basis of estimation is woman-years of protection. First year continuation rate usedwas 60%. Effective protection after allowing for accidental pregnancies and overlapof use with postpartum amenorrhea assumed to be 83% of woman-years of protection.


/3 Total Fertility Rate - Base 6.0.



ANNEX 4

Page 13

Table 5

INDONESIA II: ACCEPTOR TARGETS FROM 1979-80 TO 1983-84 AND EXPECTED RATES

MIX BL/'

Year Number of Acceptors (000s) MWRAL 2 Total Prevalence Birth

Contraceptive Methods (000s) Fertility (%) Rate 4Oral IUD Condom Total Rate /3

1979-80 44 21 17 82 1,841 5.9 2.00 45.2

1980-81 48 25 18 91 1,889 5.8 4.98 44.11981-82 72 39 28 139 1,943 5.6 7.46 43.2

1982-83 90 51 35 176 1,992 5.5 10.49 42.01983-84 108 65 42 215 2,051 5.3 13.46 40.9

/1 Basis of estimation is woman-years of protection. First year continuation rateused was 60%. Effective protection after allowing for accidental pregnancies andoverlap of use with postpartum amenorrhea assumed to be 837/ of woman-years ofprotection.


/3 Total Fertility Rate - Base 6.0.



ANNEX 13

Page 1

Table 1

INDONESIA II: SCHEDULE OF CIVIL WORKS

Province Town Facility size m2

Jakarta Jakarta NFPCB's Bureau of Educationand Training 2,250

Aceh Banda Aceh Provincial TrainingCenter Type I (PTCI) 1,500

NFPBC Provincial OfficesType 1 (PO1) 650

North Sumatra Medan PTC1 1,500

PO1 650

West Sumatra Padang PTC1 1,500

PO1 650

South Sumatra Palembang PTC1 1,500

PO1 650

Lampung Tanjung Karang Provincial Training CenterType 2 (PTC2) 1,200

NFPCB Provincial OfficesType 2 (P02) 600

West Kalimantan Pontianak PTC1 1,500

PO1 650

South Kalimantan Banjarmasin PTC1 1,500

PO1 650

North Sulawesi Menado PTC2 1,200

P02 60o

South Sulawesi Ujung Pandang PTC1 1,500

PO1 650

West NusatenggaraMataram PTC2 1,200

P02 600


ANNEX 13Page 2

Table 2 (A)

INDONESIA II: NFPCB's BUREAU OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

SCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

Space Personnel Visitors Capacity Areah2)

I. OFFICE

Bureau Chief 1 5 6 24Secretary to Bureau Chief 2 3 5 15Sub-Director 2 x1 2 x 2 2 x3 40Secretary to Sub-Director 2 3 5 158ecretary 1 4 5 20Secretariat 7 3 10 40Training Division 7 3 10 40

Trainer 5 5 10 40Field Services 3 - 3 20

Documentation Services - - - - _

Documentalist & IBM Typist 4 - 4 24

Camera Processor, Operatorand Layout Artist, Plate Maker 3 - 3 60

Offset Press Operator 2 _ 2 25

Prototype Development -Photographer and Dark Room 2 _ 2 25

TechnicianArtist 3 - 3 15Script Writers 3 _ 3 15Exhibit Mechanics 1 1 18Video Technician 1 1 18

Small Studio - - 30

Recording Technician 1 1 18

Projectionist 1 - 1 18

Research Division 5 2 7 35Division of CurriculumDevelopment 3 3 6 30

Supervision Division 3 3 6 30

TOTAL 615

ANNEX 13Page 3

Table 2 (A) (contd.)

Space Personnel Visitors Capacity Area (m2)

II. TRAINING

Auditorium 150 - 150Classrooms 2x30 2 x30 2 x 30 100Discussion Rooms 2 x 15 - 2 x 15 60Operation Room 32 _ 32 60Library 5 15 20 70

Reception - - - 12

452

III. HOSTEL

Bedroom Accommodation 50 50 275Dining Room 80 + 20 - 80 + 20 125Kitchen _ 50Laundry - - 23

Worship Room 15 15 15Storage - - - 20Bathroom and Toilet - - - 85Mechanical - - - 20Hostel Warden Quarters - - - 50Sitting Room - - - 40

703

TOTAL I + II + III 1)770 m2

Circulation, walling, etc. 480 m2

TOTAL GROSS AREA 2,250 m2

SUMMARY

I. OFFICE 615II. TRAINING 452

III. HOSTEL 703CIRCULATION,Etc. 480

TOTAL 2,250 m2

ANNEX 13Page 4

Table 2 (B)

INDONESIA II: PROVINCIAL TRAINING CENTRE TYPE ISCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

Space Personnel Visitors Capacity Are

I. SCHOOL BUILDING

Director's Room 1 4 5 20Secretariat Room 6 6 12 42Trainer's/Teacher's Room 6 6 12 42Library 3 15 18 60AVA Room 1 2 3 10Mimeograph Room 1 2 3 10Storage - - - 10

Classrooms 2 x30 2 x10 2 x40 120Discussion Room 2 x 15 - 2 x 15 50Operation Room 4o - 40 50

4114

II. HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION

Bedroom Accommodation 50 - 50 280Dining Room 50 30 80 100Kitchen 4 - 4 60Sitting Room - - - 4Worship Room 15 - 15 15Laundry 2 - 15Director Quarters -70Hostel Warden Quarters 50Bathroom and Toilets (10 units) - 80Servants Room, Bathroom and Toilet 2 - 2 15Storage - - 15

740

TOTAL I + II 1,9154 m2


TOTAL GROSS AREA 1,500 m2

i4OTES: PTC, Type I (1O00 m2) - The two classrooms should be separated from each otherby a movable screen in order to facilitate using them for opening/closingceremonies.

Student bedroom: maximum 3 - 4 persons each bedroom.

ANNEX 13

Page 5

Table 2 (C)

INDONESIA II: PROVINCIAL TRAINING CENTRE,TYPE IISCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

AreaSpace Personnel Visitors Capacity (m2)

I. SCHOOL BUILDING

Director's Room 1 4 5 20Secretariat Room 6 6 12 42Trainer's/Teacher's Room 6 6 12 42Library 3 15 18 60AVA Room 1 2 3 10Mimeograph Room 1 2 3 10Storage - - - 10Class Rooms 30 20 50 70Discussion Room 2 x 15 - 2 x 15 50Operation Room 35 _ 35 50

364II. HOSTEL ACCOMMODATION

Bedroom Accommodation 30 - 30 180Dining Room 30 20 35 80Kitchen 3 - 3 40Sitting Room - - _ 35Worship Room 15 - 15 15Laundry 2 - - 15Director Quarters - 70Hostel Warden Quarters - - 50Servant's Room, Bathroom and Toilet 2 2 15Bathroom and Toilets - - 48Storage - 15

563

TOTAL I + II 927 m2


TOTAL GROSS AREA 1200 m2

NOTES: PTC,Type II (1,200 m2) - classroom and conference room should be separatedfrom each other by a movable screen (sec. 2.1.).

Students bedroom: maximum 3-4 persons each bedroom.

ANNEX 13Page 6

Table 2 (D)

INDONESIA II: PROVINCIAL OFFICE, EYPE ISCHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

Space Personnel Visitors Capacity ArAa

Director 1 5 20Secretary, Division Chief.Project Officer 8 15 24 84Sub-Division Chiefs, Treasurers I4 28 42 126

Staff, Typists 19 0 19 76Central Data, LibraryMimeograph _- - 70

Storage - - 60

Conference Room - - 72

Toilet __- 12

Sub-total 42 520 m2



Table 2 (E)

INDONESIA II: PROVINCIAL OFFICE,TYPE IISCIHEDULE OF ACCOMMODATION

Space Person el Xii. tors Capacity (m2)

Director 1 2 5 20

Secretary, Division Chief,Project Officer K 24 84Sub-Division Chief, Treasurer 4< 42 126Staff, Typists 19 76Central Data, Library,Mimeograph - - 60Storage - - 40

Conference Room - - 60

Toilet - - 12

Sub-total 42 478 m2



Table 3

INDONFSIA II: CIVIL WORKS IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Province- Facility Location 1977 1978 19791 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ID U 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 D R 121 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9D0 U r

123456789131112123456789II311121234567891311

Jakarta Bureau(2,250m2) Jakarta iIi |

Aceh PTC I (1,5OOm2) Banda AcehPO I ( 650m2)

Lampung PTC II (1,200m2) Tanjung KarangPO II ( 600Dm2 )

S. Kalimantan PTC I (1,500m2 ) BanjarmasinPO I ( 65Dm2)__

N. Sulawesi PTC II (1,20Om2) MenadoPD II ( 60Dm2 )

W. Nusatenggara PTC 11 (1,200m2 ) Mataram C L1 IPo II ( 600m2 )

S. Sumatra PTC I (1,500m2) Palembang

PO I ( 65Dm2)

W. Sumatra PTC I (1,500m 2 ) PadangPO I ( 65Dm2)

N. Sumatra PTC I (1,500m2) MedanPO I ( 65Dm2 )

W. Kalimantan PTC I (1,50Dm2) Pontianak

PO I ( 65Dm2) 'Oa

S. Sulawesi PTC I (1,500m2) Ujung Pandang _

PO I ( 65Dm2)

Furniture i!I!I'}fLL1ILI -1

/1 In order of construction priority.

LEGEND: g Preliminary Designs Bureau - NFPCB Bureau of Education and TrainingPTC I - Provincial Training Centre Type I

flhJiffl7flIfl Production Drawings and Documentation PTC II = Provincial Training Centre Type IIPO I NFPCB Provincial Office Type I

Bidding and Evaluation PO II = NFPCB Provincial Offiee Type TT

Construction

Post Contract Work


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