Ecological Appraisal Report

47
Ecological Appraisal Report Proposal: Potential new energy from waste site Site: Land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environmental Centre, Barnstaple, Devon Client: Devon County Council Report: August 2013 Author \ Surveyor: William Dommett MSc Grad CIEEM Checked: Richard Green BSc (Hons) CEnv MCIEEM

Transcript of Ecological Appraisal Report

Ecological Appraisal Report

Proposal: Potential new energy from waste site

Site: Land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environmental

Centre, Barnstaple, Devon

Client: Devon County Council

Report: August 2013

Author \ Surveyor: William Dommett MSc Grad CIEEM

Checked: Richard Green BSc (Hons) CEnv MCIEEM

Richard Green Ecology Ltd has prepared this report in accordance with the instructions of their client, Devon County Council, for their and their agent’s sole and specific use. Any other persons who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk.

Contents

Executive summary

Ecological receptor checklist

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Planning considerations 1

2 Methods 1

2.1 Desk study 1

2.2 Field survey 1

2.3 Evaluation 2

3 Survey findings and evaluation 2

3.1 Desk study 2

3.2 Field survey 3

3.3 Protected species 5

4 Impact assessment, recommendations and mitigation 7

4.1 Designated sites 7

4.2 Habitats 8

4.3 Bats 8

4.4 Nesting birds 9

4.5 Hazel dormouse 10

4.6 Reptiles 10

4.7 Badger 10

4.8 Otter 10

5 References 12

6 Figures 14

7 Annexes 16

A Photographs

B Desk study data

Executive summary

This report makes an ecological appraisal of a proposed new energy from waste (EfW) plant

on land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environmental Centre, Barnstaple, a site of approximately

20.6 ha consisting of a recycling centre, industrial units, hard-standing, amenity, rank, grazed

and marshy grassland, broadleaved woodland, a small stream and scrub surrounded by

grazed grassland and hedgerow boundaries. The site is located at NGR SS 530 305.

An extended phase I habitat survey of the site was undertaken on 31 July 2013 by Richard

Green Ecology Ltd. This report includes the findings of the survey, highlights potential

ecological constraints and opportunities and makes recommendations for ecological

mitigation and enhancement, in accordance with national and local planning policy.

The site is not within any statutory designated sites of nature conservation importance.

Braunton Burrows Special Area of Conservation (SAC)\Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)

and Caen Valley Bats SSSI are within 10km of the site. There are three Unconfirmed Wildlife

Sites (UWS) within the site including Rockabear Covert UWS, an area of broadleaved

woodland and Abattoir (W) and Abattoir (E) UWS, both areas of semi-improved neutral

grassland within the west and east of the site respectively. The Taw/Torridge Estuary SSSI is

within 2km of the site and potentially at risk of pollution through water pathways.

At this stage there are no definitive plans for the site. Protected species that may be affected,

depending on the nature of the development, include bats, including greater horseshoe

foraging over the site; dormice and badgers potentially within woodland and hedgerows; and

reptiles potentially within an area of marshy and rank grassland.

None of the habitats or protected species potentially present are considered to be ‘show

stoppers’ in preventing development providing appropriate survey effort and mitigation is

employed. Brief survey methods and potential mitigation options for protected species and

sites are outlined in this report.

Ecological Receptor Checklist Protected and priority species (Grid reference of site: SS 530 305)

Species - terrestrial,

intertidal, marine

Walkover shows

that suitable

habitat present?

Y or N

Detailed

Survey

needed?

Detailed

survey carried

out and

included?

Species Present or

Assumed to be present on

site Indicate with P or A

and name the species

Impact on species?

Detailed Conservation Action

Statement included?

Sets out actions needed in

relation to avoidance /

mitigation / compensation /

enhancement

NE licence

required?

Grid reference for

specific location of

species (if required for

large sites)

Bats (roost)

Potentially within

mature trees

If mature

trees required

for removal

No A

Bats could be

disturbed, injured or

killed if present in

mature trees and they

are removed

Brief details of potential

mitigation options

Potentially

if mature

trees

identified

as bat roost

and they

are

required for

removal

N/A

Bats (flight line / foraging

habitat)

Yes -Annex II bat

species

confirmed

foraging over site

Yes No P

Site operations could

potentially disturb

foraging bats

Brief details of potential

mitigation options No N/A

Dormice

Yes - previous

survey identified

dormouse nest in

hedgerow

Yes If

woodland or

hedgerows to

be removed

or impacted

on through

site

operations

No A

Potential loss of

foraging and nesting

habitat and

disturbance if

woodland or

hedgerows removed

or impacted on

through site

operations

Brief details of potential

mitigation options

Potentially

if woodland

or

hedgerows

removed or

impacted

on through

site

operations

N/A

Otters

Yes No No A

Site operations could

potentially pollute

nearby watercourse

Brief details of potential

mitigation options No N/A

Great crested newts (*check

consultation zone) No No No No N/A No No N/A

Cirl buntings (*check

consultation zone) No No No No N/A No No N/A

Species - terrestrial,

intertidal, marine

Walkover shows

that suitable

habitat present?

Y or N

Detailed

Survey

needed?

Detailed

survey carried

out and

included?

Species Present or

Assumed to be present on

site Indicate with P or A

and name the species

Impact on species?

Detailed Conservation Action

Statement included?

Sets out actions needed in

relation to avoidance /

mitigation / compensation /

enhancement

NE licence

required?

Grid reference for

specific location of

species (if required for

large sites)

Barn owls Potential

foraging habitat No No A

Potential loss of

foraging habitat

Brief details of potential

mitigation options No N/A

Other Schedule 1 birds No No No No N/A No No N/A

Breeding birds

Yes No No A

Potential loss of

foraging and nesting

habitat and

disturbance if

woodland, scrub or

hedgerows removed

or impacted on

through site

operations

Yes No N/A

Reptiles Yes Yes No A

Potential killing or

injury of reptiles

Brief details of potential

mitigation options No N/A

Native crayfish No No No No N/A No No N/A

Water voles No No No No N/A No No N/A

Badgers

Yes Yes No A

Potential disturbance

if present on site at

time of works

Brief details of potential

mitigation options

Potentially

if present at

time of

works and

require sett

closure

N/A

Species of principal

importance Yes - refer to

section 3

Potentially -

refer to

section 4

No A Potentially Refer to section 4

Potentially

for bats or

dormice

(see above)

N/A

Invasive species

Yes Prior to

construction No

Potential for Japanese

knotweed as survey

involved brief walkover.

N/A No No N/A

Designations / important habitats / sites of geological importance within 1km of the site

Designation

Terrestrial, intertidal, marine

Within site or

potential

impact.

Yes or No

Name of site / habitat Detailed Conservation Action

Statement included in report?

Relevant organisation consulted &

response included in the

application?

Statutory designations

European designations - Special Area of

Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Area (SPA)

and RAMSAR site or within Greater Horseshoe

consultation zone

No N/A N/A N/A

Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) No

The Taw/Torridge Estuary

and Caen Valley Bats Brief details included

N/A

Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ) (not before

2012) No N/A N/A

N/A

Local Nature Reserve (LNR) No N/A N/A N/A

Non statutory wildlife designations

County Wildlife Site (CWS) No N/A N/A N/A

Ancient woodland No N/A N/A N/A

Special Verge No N/A N/A N/A

Habitat of Principal Importance / BAP habitat No N/A N/A N/A

Local Biodiversity Network (mapped by Devon

Wildlife Trust / through Green Infrastructure

work)

No N/A N/A

N/A

Unconfirmed Wildlife Site (UWS) Yes - 3

Rockabear Covert, Abattoir

(W) and Abattoir (E) Brief details included

N/A

Non statutory geological designation

County Geological Site (CGS or RIGS) No N/A N/A N/A

1

1 Introduction

1.1 Introduction

This report makes an ecological appraisal of a proposed new energy from waste

(EfW) plant on land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environmental Centre, Barnstaple, a site

of approximately 20.6 ha consisting of a recycling centre, industrial units, hard-

standing, amenity, rank, grazed and marshy grassland, broadleaved woodland, a

small stream and scrub surrounded by pasture fields and hedgerows boundaries. The

site is located at NGR SS 530 305.

An extended phase I habitat survey of the site was undertaken on 31 July 2013 by

Richard Green Ecology Ltd. This report includes the findings of the survey, highlights

potential ecological constraints and opportunities and makes recommendations for

ecological mitigation and enhancement, in accordance with national planning policy.

1.2 Planning considerations

1.2.1 National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), March 2012

The National Planning Policy Framework outlines the Government’s commitment to

minimise impacts on biodiversity and provide net gains in biodiversity where

possible, contributing to the Government’s commitment to halt the overall decline in

biodiversity, including by establishing coherent ecological networks that are more

resilient to current and future pressures.

2 Methods

2.1 Desk study

Devon Biodiversity Records Centre (DBRC) was commissioned to undertake a search

for designated ecological sites and protected and notable species records as follows:

• Standard terrestrial data search within 1 km of the site;

• 2km bat data search;

• 1km BAP habitat data search;

• 2km statutory sites data search; and

• 10km SAC\SPA\Ramsar and SSSI designated for bats data search.

2.2 Field survey

An extended phase I habitat survey of the site was undertaken, following

recommendations made by the former Institute of Environmental Assessment

(1995). Habitats present are shown in Figure 2. Note was taken of the more

conspicuous fauna, and any evidence of, or potential for the presence of protected

and alien invasive species was recorded.

2

2.2.1 Timing, weather conditions and constraints

The survey was undertaken on 31 July 2013. The weather during the survey was

cloudy with a light breeze. The temperature was approximately 17oC.

It is considered that sufficient vegetation was identified during the survey to provide

an understanding of the site and any potential implications this may have on the

proposal. However, as plants are not always obvious, depending on the time of

survey, and as the survey involved a preliminary walkover, rather than a detailed

‘phase 2’ survey, Richard Green Ecology Ltd accepts no liability for the presence of

any invasive or protected species present that were not recorded during the survey.

Some areas of the site were not accessible due to land owner permission being

refused (refer to Figure 1).Where possible these areas were inspected remotely from

adjacent areas where rights of way was permitted. However, it must be considered

that a detailed survey of these areas of land could not be undertaken.

2.3 Evaluation

Habitat evaluations are based on guidance from the Chartered Institute of Ecology

and Environmental Management (CIEEM). The level of value of specific ecological

receptors is assigned using a geographic frame of reference, i.e. international value

being most important, then national, regional, county, district, local and lastly, within

the immediate zone of influence of the site only.

Value judgements are based on various characteristics that can be used to identify

ecological resources or features likely to be important in terms of biodiversity. These

include site designations (such as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)), or for

undesignated features, the size, conservation status (locally, nationally or

internationally), and the quality of the ecological resource. In terms of the latter,

‘quality’ can refer to habitats (for instance if they are particularly diverse, or a good

example of a specific habitat type), other features (such as wildlife corridors or

mosaics of habitats) or species populations or assemblages.

3 Survey findings and evaluation

3.1 Desk study

3.1.1 Designated sites

The site is not within any designated sites of nature conservation importance. There

are three Unconfirmed Wildlife Sites (UWS) within the site including Rockabear

Covert, an area of broadleaved woodland within the north of the site and Abattoir

(W) and Abattoir (E), both areas of semi-improved neutral grassland within the west

and east of the site respectively. Abattoir (S) UWS, an area of semi-improved neutral

grassland lies adjacent to the site to the south. There are nine other UWS within 1km

of the site either designated for broadleaved woodland or semi-improved neutral

grassland.

3

There are several small areas of unnamed North Devon Key Network Feature sites

and North Devon Network Sites and a Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh Strategic

Nature Area (SNA) within 1km of the site. Higher Gorse Claypits County Wildlife Site

(CWS), partly designated as semi-natural broadleaved woodland, which also forms

part of Fremington Clay Pits geological Site of Special Scientific Interest (gSSSI), an

important pleistocene site, lies approximately 750m north of the site and the

Taw/Torridge Estuary Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) lies approximately 1.9km

north of the site.

Braunton Burrows Special Area of Conservation (SAC)\ SSSI designated for rare plant

interest lies approximately 7km west of the site and Caen Valley Bats SSSI designated

as a nationally important maternity and hibernation roost of greater horseshoe bats

is located approximately 8.7km northwest of the site. Refer to Annex B for a full list

of sites and locations.

3.1.2 Protected species

There are records of protected/notable species within the 1 km radius search area.

These include records of otter, bat and barn owl to the north and badger to the north

and east. There are no records from the site and the closest records are of badger

approximately 500m east of the site.

There are records of bats and bat roosts within 2km of the site largely to the north

and east including long-eared (Plecotus sp.) and potentially pipistrelle (Pipistrellus

sp.) maternity roosts to the north. Refer to Annex B for a full list of species and

locations.

3.2 Field survey

3.2.1 Habitats

Refer to descriptions below, Figure 2 and photographs in Annex A.

The site consists of a recycling centre, industrial units, hard-standing, amenity, rank

grazed and marshy grassland, broadleaved woodland, a small stream and scrub

surrounded by grazed grassland and hedgerow boundaries.

The centre of the site consists of office buildings, car parking, hard-standing, amenity

grassland and recycling centre, all part of the Brynsworthy Environmental Centre. The

Environmental Centre is surrounded by semi-mature broadleaved woodland (part of

Rockabear Covert UWS - refer to Annex B) and a stream to the west including ash

(Fraxinus excelsior), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), elder (Sambucus nigra), beech

(Fagus sylvatica), hazel (Corylus avellana), willow (Salix sp.), alder (Alnus glutinosa)

and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) with sparse understory including dog’s mercury

(Mercurialis perennis), ivy (Hedera helix), moss (Bryophyta sp.), bramble (Rubus

fruticosus agg.) and ferns (Pteridophyta sp.).

The woodland extends around the north of the Environmental Centre with a few

mature oak (Quercus robur) and beech trees and a higher percentage of hazel with

4

ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), hart’s tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium)

and common nettle (Urtica dioica) also noted within the ground flora. Further east

the ground becomes damp with plants including ferns, broad-leaved dock (Rumex

obtusifolius), figwort (Scrophularia sp.) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus).

A steep sided area of disturbed ground and rank grassland dominated by rushes

including hard (Juncus inflexus), soft (J. effusus) and compact (J. conglomeratus) with

bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), coltsfoot

(Tussilago farfara), common knapweed (Centaurea nigra), common fleabane

(Pulicaria dysenterica), great willow herb (Epilobium hirsutum) and wild angelica

(Angelica sylvestris) is located at the northeast edge of the Environmental Centre.

An area of impenetrable scrub including willow, gorse (Ulex europaeus), buddleia

(Buddleia davidii) and evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) with patches of rubbish,

two old concrete block buildings (Figure 2 - Target note 1) and disturbed ground is

located at the northern edge of the woodland. Further north of this area is an area of

marshy grassland dominated by rushes surrounded by a steep bank along the

western boundary of the site with mature trees including oak, ash, beech, hazel and

hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). The mature trees also extend along the northern

boundary of the site.

A sheep-grazed poor semi-improved grassland field (Abattoir (W) UWS - refer to

Annex B) including crested dog’s tail (Cynosurus cristatus), white clover (Trifolium

repens), selfheal (Prunella vulgaris), hawkbit (Leontodon sp.), sedges (Cyperaceae

sp.), Timothy (Phleum pratense), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), knapweed

and bird’s foot trefoil with some areas dominated by hard rush lies to the west of the

woodland stream. The field is surrounded by species-rich hedgerows to the west and

south (also forming site boundaries) including blackthorn, hazel, oak, willow, bracken

(Pteridium aquilinum), ash, bramble, field rose (Rosa arvensis) and hawthorn.

The site is bisected by a track with a steep bank covered in willow, gorse, birch

(Betula sp.) and oak scrub in the south of the site. The area of land to the east of the

track was out of bounds for the survey (refer to Figure 1). Towards the centre of the

site is an area of industrial units and hard-standing. The field to the north of the

industrial units had been recently mown with some areas dominated by rushes. A tall

tree-lined hedge, including willow, oak and ash with some dead trees, separates the

industrial units. The fields to the south and east of this area appeared to have been

recently mown and cattle grazed with a recently planted earth bank running along

the southern boundary of the site with recently planted whips of hawthorn, hazel

and willow. Hedgerow boundaries dividing the fields within the east of the site and

eastern boundary appeared to be thick and heavily managed.

Given that part of the site comprises an UWS of broadleaved woodland and grazed

poor semi-improved grassland and part is a recycling centre, industrial estate, hard-

standing and scrub/disturbed ground the site is considered of negligible (industrial

areas) to district (UWS) ecological value.

5

Aerial photograph showing site and surrounding area

3.3 Protected species

3.3.1 Bats

Bats are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and

the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended).

A previous survey (Faber Maunsell Ltd, 2008) identified the tree-lined stream to the

west of the recycling centre as an important commuting route for bats between

tributaries of the River Taw.

Ten species of bats were recorded over the site during the 2008 survey including

barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus) and greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus

ferrumequinum), a Devon BAP species (Devon County Council, 2006). Caen Valley

Bats SSSI is designated as a nationally important maternity and hibernation roost of

greater horseshoe bats and is within 10km of the site.

Some of the mature trees within the north of the site are considered to have a low

likelihood of supporting roosting bats.

Two old open fronted concrete block buildings with corrugated cement sheet roofs

located near the northern edge of the woodland (Figure 2 - Target note 1) were

considered to have negligible potential to support roosting bats.

There are also bat boxes attached to trees within the south of the site (Figure 2 -

Target note 2) erected to provide additional roosting opportunities for crevice-

dwelling bats as a biodiversity enhancement during the development of the

Environmental Centre (Richard Green, 2009a) .

6

Given the previously identified important commuting route for bats and recorded

presence of Annex II species of bats, the habitats of value (broadleaved woodland,

stream, hedgerows) to bats on the site are considered to be of County importance

for bats (Wray et al, 2010). Industrial units and hard standing are of negligible value

to bats.

3.3.2 Nesting birds

Nesting birds are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as

amended).

There is a record of barn owl (Tyto alba), an amber listed bird of conservation

concern and Devon BAP species (Devon County Council, 2009a), approximately 850m

northeast of the site (refer to Annex B). Barn owls may occasionally forage over the

hedgerows and hedgerow margins on the site.

No active nests of other birds were observed during the survey but a previous survey

(Richard Green, 2009b) found blackbird, wren and pheasant nests surrounding the

site, as well as goldfinch and greenfinch (Richard Green pers. comm.). Birds are likely

to nest within the hedgerows, trees and scrub within and surrounding the site.

Given its moderate size and available habitat elsewhere in the area, the site is not

considered of more than site value for nesting birds.

3.3.3 Hazel dormouse

Dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) are protected under the Wildlife and

Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and the Conservation of Habitats and Species

Regulations 2010 (as amended).

Hazel dormouse, a Devon BAP (Devon County Council, 2009b) and Section 41 species

of principle importance (S41 species), is known to be present throughout Devon and

a dormouse nest was previously found in a nearby hedgerow (Faber Maunsell Ltd,

2008). The species-rich hedgerows within the site and broadleaved woodland are

connected to the wider hedgerow network and provide favourable habitat for

dormice. It is therefore likely that dormice are present on site.

Given the small area of suitable vegetation on site to support dormice and available

habitat elsewhere in the area, the site is not considered of more than site value for

dormice.

3.3.4 Reptiles

Common reptiles, such as slow worm (Anguis fragilis), common lizard (Lacerta

vivipara) and grass snake (Natrix natrix) are protected under the Wildlife and

Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) against killing and injury and are a UK

Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) and S41 species.

7

The areas of disturbed ground and rubble, rank and marshy grassland may provide

suitable habitat for common reptiles including slow worm, common lizard and grass

snake. Given the small area of suitable vegetation on site to support reptiles and

isolation from other suitable habitat, the site is not considered of more than site

value for reptiles.

3.3.5 Badger

Badgers are protected under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992.

There are several records of badger surrounding the site to the north and east some

within approximately 500m (refer to Annex B). Approximately four small badger sett

entrances were found within the broadleaved woodland to the north of the

Environmental Centre (Figure 2 - Target note 3). The sett entrances were covered in

old vegetation and there were no obvious spoil heaps or badger paths and it is

considered likely they form part of an outlying sett.

Given the available habitat on site and abundance of badger records within the

locality, the site is considered to be of local value for badgers.

3.3.6 Otter

Otter (Lutra lutra) are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as

amended) and the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as

amended).

There is a record of otter, a Devon BAP (Devon County Council, 2009c) and S41

species approximately 530m north of the site (refer to Annex B). The stream to

within the west of the site may be used by transient otters.

4 Impact assessment, recommendations and mitigation

4.1 Designated sites

4.1.1 Impacts

The proposed site lies within 10 km of Braunton Burrows SAC\SSSI designated for

rare plant interest (refer to Annex B). Air pollution may have some impact on the

qualifying features of this site although these impacts are outside the scope of this

report. The potential effects of site operations on Braunton Burrows qualifying

features from other pathways (e.g. water) are considered negligible.

The Taw/Torridge Estuary SSSI primarily designated for overwintering and migratory

populations of wading birds lies within 2 km of the site (refer to Annex B). The

estuary could potentially be impacted on through pollution incidents via the stream

to the west of the Environmental Centre which is a tributary of Taw Estuary.

8

However, the site is located next to a recycling centre and small industrial estate

therefore with the appropriate mitigation impacts are considered to be low to

negligible.

4.1.2 Mitigation

During site construction and operation, measures should be put in place to avoid

potential run off of soil, sediment or pollution such as fuel, chemicals, etc. from

flowing into the stream and potentially reaching the estuary.

4.2 Habitats

4.2.1 Impacts

Over the whole site it is estimated that there is approximately 6 ha of habitat of

ecological value, including poor semi-improved grassland, marshy grassland, species-

rich hedgerows, hedgerow margins, broadleaved woodland and a stream.

The broadleaved woodland on site forms part of Rockabear Covert UWS and is part

of an important commuting route for bats (refer to 3.3.1). The poor semi-improved

grassland field within the east of the site and a field within the west of the site (not

surveyed - refer to Figure 1) also form parts of Abattoir (E) & (W) UWS. These areas

of habitat are considered to be of District importance and their potential loss from

the site is considered to result in a negative impact at a District level.

Rank and marshy grassland, species-rich hedgerows and scrub are considered

common and widespread habitats within the area and their potential loss from the

site is considered likely to result in no more than a minor ecological impact at a local

level.

4.2.2 Mitigation

Ecologically valuable features, including poor semi-improved grassland, marshy

grassland, broadleaved woodland, stream, species-rich hedgerows and hedgerow

margins should, where possible, be integrated into the developed site and be

maintained and enhanced (e.g. through appropriate management regimes) to

enhance their ecological value.

4.3 Bats

4.3.1 Impacts

It is considered that there are ecological features of value to bats within the site,

including broadleaved woodland, species-rich hedgerows, mature trees and a tree-

lined steam. The loss of any of these habitat features or site operations could have a

detrimental impact on the local bat population.

The tree-lined stream to the west of the Environmental Centre has previously been

identified as an important commuting route for bats between tributaries of the River

Taw. Ten bat species were also recorded over the site including two Annex II species

(Faber Maunsell Ltd, 2008). The loss or damage of this feature could affect the

9

favourable conservation status of bats in the area if it severs an important route

between roosts and foraging areas or that is used for migration.

4.3.2 Further survey and mitigation

Based on previous survey findings (Faber Maunsell Ltd, 2008) including the presence

greater horseshoe bats over the site and other habitat features of value to bats,

including the species-rich hedgerows and mature trees, it is considered that an

updated bat activity survey should be undertaken to gain an understanding of bat

use on the site.

Following survey guidelines (Hundt, 2012) the site is considered to be of medium

habitat quality and of a large size site. Bat activity survey should therefore include

one transect survey each month (April to September inclusive), to include one dawn

survey transect and two automated bat detectors left on site during each transect

survey (in a different locations each time) for a period of 5 consecutive nights (in

appropriate weather conditions) for subsequent analysis of recorded bat calls.

Any mature trees identified as having potential to support roosting bats that are

required for removal should be preceded by a dusk/dawn survey.

As described in a previous working method statement (Richard Green, 2009a)

measures should be put in place to prevent light spill and disturbance to the tree-

lined stream to the west of the Environmental Centre and to retain where possible

habitat features of value for bats e.g. hedgerow boundaries, trees and shrubs.

4.4 Nesting birds

4.4.1 Impacts

It is likely that birds nest in trees, scrub and hedgerows within and surrounding the

site. It is also possible that barn owl may hunt over the hedgerow margins on the site.

The removal of these habitats would result in a minor loss of local bird-nesting

habitat and potential barn owl foraging habitat.

4.4.2 Mitigation

It is recommended that any tree, scrub or hedgerow removal be undertaken

between October and February (outside of the nesting season) or if this is not

possible, a thorough inspection for any active nests should be undertaken

immediately before tree, scrub or hedgerow removal. Should birds be nesting at that

time, work will have to wait until the young birds have fledged and left the nest.

It is recommended that areas of longer grass around hedgerow margins are left to

grow over the summer months and cut once a year in the autumn to maintain the

habitat and prevent succession to scrub. Long grass provides favourable habitat for

small mammals, the favoured prey of barn owls. If the areas of hedgerow margins

are to be lost from the site then similar areas of long grassland could be provided

elsewhere on or off-site to compensate for the habitat loss.

10

4.5 Hazel dormouse

4.5.1 Impacts

It is possible that dormice are present within the broadleaved woodland, species-rich

hedgerows and scrub within and surrounding the site. The removal of these habitat

features or disturbing site operations could result in the disturbance of dormice or

potential loss of dormouse nesting and foraging habitat.

4.5.2 Further survey and mitigation

Should any of the broadleaved woodland or hedgerows be proposed for removal

(e.g. for access), or site operations require lighting that would spill onto them, then

dormouse nest tube survey should be undertaken to further investigate presence.

Should dormice be confirmed as nesting within the hedgerows then a licence from

Natural England may be required. Potential mitigation could include on or off-site

habitat provision to compensate for habitat loss.

4.6 Reptiles

4.6.1 Impacts

It is possible that slow worm and common lizard are present within the area of rank

grassland and disturbed ground and grass snake may be present within the area of

marshy grassland within the centre of the site. Removal of these habitats could

potentially result in the killing or injury of these reptiles.

4.6.2 Further survey and mitigation

If the areas of marshy grassland or rank grassland within the site are to be removed

then this should be preceded by a reptile survey using artificial refugia (between April

and September). Should reptiles be found in these areas then suitable mitigation

should include isolating these areas using reptile fencing and the translocation of any

reptiles found to a suitable receptor site.

4.7 Badger

4.7.1 Impacts

An outlying badger sett was found within the broadleaved woodland on site and

there are records of badger surrounding the site.

4.7.2 Further survey and mitigation

It is recommended that a badger survey is undertaken immediately before the site is

developed to ensure no new badger setts have been excavated on site or are at risk

of disturbance from site operations. Should a badger sett be found and at risk of

disturbance then suitable mitigation may include the exclusion of badgers (under

licence from Natural England) before sett destruction and creation of artificial setts

elsewhere.

4.8 Otter

4.8.1 Impacts

It is possible that otter pass through the stream on site. Otter could potentially be

affected if pollution during construction or from site operations leak into the stream.

11

4.8.2 Mitigation

Refer to 4.1.2 above.

12

5 References

Devon County Council (2006) Greater horseshoe bat. Devon Biodiversity and

Geodiversity Action Plan.

Devon County Council (2009a) Barn owl. Devon Biodiversity and Geodiversity Action

Plan.

Devon County Council (2009b) Dormouse. Devon Biodiversity and Geodiversity

Action Plan.

Devon County Council (2009c) Otter. Devon Biodiversity and Geodiversity Action

Plan.

Faber Maunsell Ltd (2008) Roundswell Direct Labour Unit - Report on the results of

dormouse, reptiles and bat surveys

Hundt, L. (2012). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. 2nd

Edition. Bat

Conservation Trust, London

Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (2006). Guidelines for Ecological

Impact Assessment within the United Kingdom

Institute of Environmental Assessment (1995) Guidelines for Baseline Ecological

Assessment. E. & F.N. Spon

JNCC (2013) Braunton Burrows

http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/protectedsites/sacselection/sac.asp?EUCode=UK0012570

Nature Conservation Council (1990) Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – a

technique for environmental audit. Peterborough: Nature Conservation Council.

Natural England (2013) Braunton Burrows SSSI

http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/Special/sssi/sssi_details.cfm?sssi_id=1000023

Richard Green (2009a) Proposed DLU site at Roundswell, Barnstaple Devon - Bat and

Dormouse Assessment and Working Method Statement

Richard Green (2009b) Proposed DLU site at Roundswell, Barnstaple Devon -Nesting

Bird and Dormouse Survey Report

Rose, F. (2006) The Wildflower Key: Penguin Books: London

13

Wray et al (2010) Valuing Bats in Ecological Impact Assessment, IEEM InPractice Vol.

70

14

6 Figures

Figure 1 - Site location plan

Key

Site boundary

Site access not permitted

15

Figure 2 - Phase 1 habitat map

Target note Description

1 Two old concrete block buildings (negligible bat potential)

2 Bat boxes attached to trees

3 Outlying badger sett entrance

16

7 Annexes

A Photographs

Environmental Centre building and car parking area

Hard standing and industrial units (out of bounds)

17

Rank grassland and area of disturbed ground

Grazed field to north of industrial units (out of bounds)

18

Marshy grassland view towards southwest

Tree lined stream - western boundary

19

Area of dense scrub and rubbish

Old concrete block building

20

Outlying badger sett entrance (Target note 2)

Semi-mature broadleaved woodland

21

Poor semi-improved grassland field view north along tree lined stream

Bat boxes attached to trees from previous site mitigation measures (Target note 1)

22

Southern boundary - view across grazed fields (out of bounds)

23

B Desk study data

24

25

26

27

28

29

Statutory & non-statutory sites within 1 kilometre of land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environment Centre, Barnstaple (22/07/2013) Enq no.6399

File Code Site Name Grid Reference Area (ha) Description Status

SS53/165 Fremington Clay Pits SS530316 1 Important Pleistocene site gSSSI

SS53/092 Higher Gorse Claypits SS529318 7

Semi-natural broadleaved woodland with continuous scrub.

Mesotrophic ponds. CWS

SS53/084 Lovacott Cross SS519306 2.7 Semi-improved neutral grassland UWS

SS53/091 Cock's Moor SS522316 4.9 Broadleaved woodland UWS

SS53/101 Tews Lane SS532316 1.9 Semi-improved neutral grassland. UWS

SS53/095 Rockabear Covert SS530307 6.7 Broadleaved woodland UWS

SS53/094 Abattoir (W) SS529304 1.9 Semi-improved neutral grassland UWS

SS53/096 Abattoir (E) SS532306 3.2 Semi-improved neutral grassland UWS

SS53/097 Abattoir (S) SS532303 6.1 Semi-improved neutral grassland UWS

SS53/099 Brynsworthy Farm SS535311 0.8 Semi-improved neutral grassland UWS

SS53/104 Netherby (E) SS543305 2.9 Broadleaved woodland UWS

SS53/105 Netherby SS539304 11.3 Semi-improved neutral grassland UWS

SS53/093 Rook's Bridge Covert SS527311 5 Broadleaved woodland UWS

SS53/098 Brynsworthy (W) SS532313 3.8 Broadleaved woodland. UWS

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI): these are notified by Natural England because of their plants, animals or geological features (the latter are geological SSSIs or gSSSI).

Natural England needs to be consulted before any operations likely to damage the special interest are undertaken. SSSI is a statutory designation with legal implications.

County Wildlife Sites (CWS): these are sites of county importance for wildlife, designated on the basis of the habitat or the known presence of particular species. This is not a

statutory designation like SSSIs, and does not have any legal status. The National Planning Policy framework requires local authorities to identify and map locally designated

sites of biodiversity importance (such as County Wildlife Sites) as part of the Local Plan process and to draw up criteria based policies against which proposals for development

affecting them will be judged. CWS recognition does not demand any particular actions on the part of the Landowner and does not give the public rights of access. However,

it may increase eligibility for land management grants.

Unconfirmed Wildlife Sites (UWS): these are sites identified as having possible interest but not fully surveyed. Some of these sites will be areas of significant wildlife interest.

Biodiversity Network: Areas of semi-natural habitat likely to make a significant contribution to the overall movement/dispersal of species within the local landscape as wildlife

‘stepping stones’ or corridors. These include for example, areas of species-rich semi-improved grassland, double hedgerows/hedgebanks, significant belts/areas of scrub, semi-

natural or plantation broadleaved woodland and ponds. The best habitats are described a Key Network Features.

30

North Devon Key Network Features: Areas of semi-natural habitat likely to make a significant contribution to the overall movement/dispersal of species within the local

landscape as wildlife ‘stepping stones’ or conduits. These include for example, areas of species-rich semi-improved grassland, double hedgerows/hedgebanks, significant

belts/areas of scrub, semi-natural or plantation broadleaved woodland and ponds.

North Devon Network Sites (Biodiversity Network): Statutory and non-statutory sites, together with countryside features which provide wildlife corridors, links or stepping

stones from one habitat to another, help to form a network essential for migration, dispersal and genetic exchange and therefore necessary to maintain biodiversity.

Statutory sites within 2 kilometres of land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environment Centre, Barnstaple (22/07/2013) Enq no.6399

File Code Site Name Grid Reference Area (ha) Description Status

SS53/165 Fremington Clay Pits SS530316 1 Important Pleistocene site gSSSI

SS43/048 Taw/Torridge Estuary SS470304 1372.1 Estuary with mudflats, beaches and saltmarsh with bird interest SSSI

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI): these are notified by Natural England because of their plants, animals or geological features (the latter are geological SSSIs or gSSSI).

Natural England needs to be consulted before any operations likely to damage the special interest are undertaken. SSSI is a statutory designation with legal implications.

SAC/SPA/Ramsar and SSSIs designated for bats within 10 kilometres of land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environment Centre, Barnstaple (22/07/2013) Enq no.6399

File Code Site Name Grid Reference Area (ha) Description Status

Caen Valley Bats SS484377 0.1

Nationally important summer maternity roost and winter hibernacula for

the greater horseshoe bat SSSI

Braunton Burrows SS450354 1339.7

Yellow & grey dunes with species rich dune grassland & scrub. Rare plant

interest. SAC, SSSI

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI): these are notified by Natural England because of their plants, animals or geological features (the latter are geological SSSIs or gSSSI).

Natural England needs to be consulted before any operations likely to damage the special interest are undertaken. SSSI is a statutory designation with legal implications.

Special Areas of Conservation (SAC): these are notified by English Nature because they contain species and/or habitats of European importance (listed in the Habitats Directive

1994), and are part of a network of conservation sites set up through Europe known as the Natura 2000 series. On land, almost all candidate SACs are, or will be notified as

SSSIs. English Nature needs to be consulted before any operations likely to damage the special interest are undertaken. SAC is a statutory designation with legal implications.

cSAC is a candidate SAC.

31

Legally protected & notable species records within 1 kilometre of land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environment Centre, Barnstaple (22/07/2013) Enq no.6399

No Common Name Scientific Name Locality Year Grid

Reference Uk

Protection International Protection

Status

1 Grayling Hipparchia semele 1995 SS528318 NERC 41 UKBAP (P)

2 Wall Lasiommata megera 1995 SS528318 NERC 41 UKBAP (P)

3 Eurasian Badger Meles meles A39 south-west of Barnstaple. 2003-2005

SS530313 WCA 6, BA Bern III

4 Eurasian Badger Meles meles A361 2000 SS532313 WCA 6, BA Bern III

5 European Otter Lutra lutra A39 Brynworthy. Small stream flowing into Fremington Pill [Middle Taw]

1999 SS532313 WCA 5; NERC 41

EC IIa, IIIa; Bern II

UKBAP (P); DBAP

6 Barn Owl Tyto alba Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 WCA 1, 9 DBAP; Amber

7 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

8 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

9 Common Linnet Carduelis cannabina Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 UKBAP (P); Red

10 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

11 Common Swift Apus apus Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

12 Dunnock Prunella modularis Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

13 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 NERC 41

UKBAP (P); DBAP; Amber

14 Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 WCA 1 Red

15 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 WCA 1 Amber

16 Green Woodpecker Picus viridis Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

17 House Martin Delichon urbica Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

18 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

19 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

20 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

21 Primrose Primula vulgaris Tews Lane; Old Claypits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 DBAP

32

No Common Name Scientific Name Locality Year Grid

Reference Uk

Protection International Protection

Status

22 Pyramidal Orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis

Tews Lane; Old Claypits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 DN2

23 Redwing Turdus iliacus Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 WCA 1 Red

24 Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus

Tews Lane; Old Claypits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 NERC 41 UKBAP (P)

25 Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis Tews Lane; Old Claypits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 EC Vb(where native)

26 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 UKBAP (P); Red

27 Wall Lasiommata megera Tews Lane; Old Claypits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 NERC 41 UKBAP (P)

28 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus

Tews Lane; Old Clay Pits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 Amber

29 Yellow-Wort Blackstonia perfoliata

Tews Lane; Old Claypits/Tews Lane area 2000 SS532316 DN2

30 Eurasian Badger Meles meles A39 west of Roundswell, Barnstaple 2007 SS53293132 WCA 6, BA Bern III

31 Eurasian Badger Meles meles A39, west of Barnstaple 2012 SS535313 WCA 6, BA Bern III

32 a Bat Chiroptera Whitegates, Brymsworthy, Bickington, Barnstaple.

1997 SS537317 WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bonn II

33 Eurasian Badger Meles meles B3232 Tawstock. Nr Mount Cottage 2006 SS53953087 WCA 6, BA Bern III

34 Eurasian Badger Meles meles B3232 Barnstaple, south of Upcott Farm 2006 SS54003092 WCA 6, BA Bern III

35 Eurasian Badger Meles meles A39 roadside 2000 SS540314 WCA 6, BA Bern III

36 Eurasian Badger Meles meles A361 North Devon Link Road just beyond Roundswell in the direction of Bideford

2001 SS541310 WCA 6, BA Bern III

33

Bat records within 2 kilometres of land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environment Centre, Barnstaple (22/07/2013) Enq no.6399

No Common Name

Scientific Name

Locality Year Sex Or Stage

Abundance Grid

Reference Comment

Data Source

Uk Protection

International Protection

Status

1 Common Pipistrelle

Pipistrellus pipistrellus

Cleave Park, Fremington, Barnstaple

1999 Present 58 SS516323

English Nature bat archives - 1999. Fifty-eight seen. Fresh droppings. Believed (by neighbours) to have been present many years.

English Nature Bat Archive

WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bern III, Bonn II

2 a Bat Chiroptera

Three Gables, Tews Lane, Bickington, Barnstaple

1988 Present SS531323

Large numbers of bats under eaves. [EN bat archive 1988]

English Nature Bat Archive

WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bonn II

3 a Long-eared Bat

Plecotus

Lauderdale, Hopperstyle, Bickington, Barnstaple

1983 Present SS535324

11 live bats & approx. 10 dead. [EN bat archive 1983]

English Nature Bat Archive

WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bern II; Bonn II

4 a Bat Chiroptera

Springfield Road, Bickington, Barnstaple.

2004 Present Present SS536321 Bat roost Incidental Species Records

WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bonn II

34

No Common Name

Scientific Name

Locality Year Sex Or Stage

Abundance Grid

Reference Comment

Data Source

Uk Protection

International Protection

Status

5 a Bat Chiroptera

Whitegates, Brymsworthy, Bickington, Barnstaple.

1997 Present Present SS537317

English Nature bat archives 1997. Owner estimates about thirty. Not identified but roost type suggests pipistrelle. Fresh droppings - older ones possibly cleared up. Roost present 8-10 years, numbers having increased. Summer roost.

English Nature Bat Archive

WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bonn II

35

No Common Name

Scientific Name

Locality Year Sex Or Stage

Abundance Grid

Reference Comment

Data Source

Uk Protection

International Protection

Status

6 a Bat Chiroptera

Rowden Barton (part of Upcott Farm), Roundswell, Barnstaple. (Two storey detached agricultural building)

1995 Droppings

Present SS545309

None seen. Roost possibly under ridge tiles, temporary roosting in hay loft (upper storey). Small numbers of droppings in hay loft near doorway (fresh), insect wings & remains in hay loft. Bats seen around building during summer by tenants.

English Nature Bat Archive

WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bonn II

7 a Bat Chiroptera

North Devon Crematorium, Old Torrington Road, Barnstaple

2008 Roosting

Present SS545315 Roosting in porch. Possibly Horseshoe Bats.

Incidental Species Records

WCA 5, 6 EC IVa; Bonn II

NERC 41 NERC Act (2006) Section 41: Species listed under Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006). These are the species found in England which have been identified as requiring action under the UK BAP. All local authorities and other public authorities in England and Wales have a duty to promote and enhance biodiversity in all of their functions.

WCA 1 Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) Schedule 1: birds which are protected by special penalties at all times. WCA 5 Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) Schedule 5: species protected against killing, injury, disturbance and handling. WCA 6 Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) Schedule 6: animals (other than birds) which may not be killed or taken by certain methods WCA 9 Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) Schedule 9: animals and plants for which release into the wild is prohibited.

36

BA Protection of Badgers Act 1992: badgers may not be deliberately killed, persecuted or trapped except under licence. Badger setts may not be damaged, destroyed or obstructed.

Bern II Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) Appendix II: Special protection for listed

animal species and their habitats. Bern III Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention) Appendix III: Exploitation of listed animal

species to be subject to regulation ECIIa, IIb EC Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (Habitats & Species Directive) Annex IIa and IIb:

Designation of protected areas for animal and plant species listed. ECIIIa, IIIb EC Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (Habitats & Species Directive) Annex IIIa and IIb:

Species used as criteria for designating Special Areas of Conservation (SACs). ECIVa, IVb EC Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (Habitats & Species Directive) Annex IVa:

Exploitation of listed animals and plants to be subject to management if necessary. ECVa, Vb EC Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora (Habitats & Species Directive) Annex Va and Vb:

Exploitation of listed animals and plants to be subject to management if necessary. Bonn II Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention) Appendix II: Range states encouraged to

conclude international agreements to benefit species listed. UKBAP(P) UK Priority Species (Short and Middle Lists - UK Biodiversity steering Group Report 1995) i.e. species that are globally threatened and

rapidly declining in the UK (by more than 50% in the last 25 years). Has a Species Action Plan. DBAP Devon Biodiversity Action Plan species: these have been identified as species of key conservation concern in Devon. Devon Notable Species: Selected species recorded from over 50 2km squares in the Atlas of Devon Flora 1984 (R.B. Ivimey-Cook, Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Exeter). DN1 Devon Notable

1: 1-25 2 km squares in Atlas of Devon Flora 1984.

DN2 Devon Notable

2: 26-50 2 km squares in Atlas of Devon Flora 1984.

DN3 Devon Notable

3: Selected species recorded from over 50 2 km squares in Atlas of Devon Flora 1984.

37

Red List Bird species of high conservation concern, such as those whose population or range is rapidly declining, recently or historically, and those of global conservation concern.

Amber List Bird species of medium conservation concern, such as those whose population is in moderate decline, rare breeders, internationally important

and localised species and those of unfavourable conservation status in Europe.

Strategic Nature Areas (SNAs) and National Biodiversity Network Habitat within 1 kilometre of land adjacent to Brynsworthy Environment Centre, Barnstaple (22/07/2013)

Enq no.6399

Strategic Nature Areas within search area:

Unique SNA No Total area (ha) of SNA Main habitat

412.00 6,685.04 Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh

Strategic Nature Areas are part of the South West Nature Map which identifies the best areas in our region at a landscape scale. The original nature map was based on BAP priority habitats but also includes areas suitable for habitat restoration. For more information about the South West Nature map and Strategic Nature Areas, go to www.biodiversitysouthwest.org.uk. Profiles for most of the Strategic Nature Areas in Devon are available on the website http://www.biodiversitysouthwest.org.uk/nm_del_prof.php National Biodiversity Network habitats within search area: Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland NBN BAP Priority Habitat Inventories: These habitat inventories were created in 2001-2003, as part of the National Biodiversity Network South West Pilot. The habitats were mapped using County Wildlife Site survey data and aerial photographs available at the time. The inventories have not been updated since they were created (although there are plans to do this in the near future) so do not include information from the most recent County Wildlife Site surveys. This means that the information in the inventories is incomplete, and the absence of information for a particular area does not mean that there are no BAP Priority Habitats present. NERC Act (2006) Section 41: Habitats listed under Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006). These are all the habitats in England that have been identified as requiring action in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UK BAP). They include terrestrial habitats such as upland hay meadows to lowland mixed deciduous woodland, and freshwater and marine habitats such as ponds and subtidal sands and gravels. All local authorities and other public authorities in England and Wales have a duty to promote and enhance biodiversity in all of their functions. For a list of NERC Act habitats see http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/Images/Section_41_NERC_Act_Habitats_tcm6-8155.doc

38

Braunton Burrows SAC qualifying features

Annex I habitats that are a primary reason for selection of this site

2120 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria (`white dunes`)

This large site in south-west England contains a substantial area of mobile dune vegetation,

including representative examples of most of the main variants found in the south-west of the UK.

There are good numbers of characteristic specialist plants typical of this region, such as Portland

spurge Euphorbia portlandica, sea spurge Euphorbia paralias and sea-holly Eryngium maritimum.

Transitions to dune slack and fixed dune are a prominent feature of this site.

2130 Fixed dunes with herbaceous vegetation (`grey dunes`) * Priority feature

Braunton Burrows, in south-west England, is one of the largest dune sites in the UK and is of

particular importance because it is virtually intact and still active. There are very extensive areas of

species-rich calcareous dune grassland with good examples of a variety of important communities.

The short turf areas are extremely rich in herbs and lichens, including a number of nationally rare

species. Flowering herbs such as large thyme Thymus pulegioides, common restharrow Ononis

repens and common bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus are locally dominant.

2170 Dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea (Salicion arenariae)

Braunton Burrows is one of the largest virtually intact dune sites in the UK and is representative of

dunes with Salix repens ssp. argentea in south-west England. The habitat is scattered across the site

and form part of a complex mosaic of vegetation containing creeping willow, including early and

mature successional stages of dune slack vegetation. There are transitional stages between this

type and more mature scrub vegetation.

2190 Humid dune slacks

Braunton Burrows is one of the largest virtually intact dune sites in the UK, with an exceptionally

large area of Humid dune slack vegetation, representing a significant proportion of the national

resource. The slacks have formed in base-rich sand and are rich in species such as marsh pennywort

Hydrocotyle vulgaris, marsh helleborine Epipactis palustris and round-leaved wintergreen Pyrola

rotundifolia. Vegetation types range from those with almost permanent water to those dominated

by scrub. The site contains representative examples of most of the communities of base-rich humid

slacks in south-west England, namely those characterised by creeping willow Salix repens ssp.

argentea, those with bryophytes or those with Yorkshire-fog Holcus lanatus.

Annex I habitats present as a qualifying feature, but not a primary reason for selection of this site

1140 Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide

Annex II species that are a primary reason for selection of this site

1395 Petalwort Petalophyllum ralfsii

A large population (around 3000 thalli) of petalwort Petalophyllum ralfsii is recorded from Braunton

Burrows, one of two sites selected for this species in south-west England. There are extensive open

dune slack habitats of the types required by this species for survival.

39

Braunton Burrows SSSi citation

40

41

Taw\Torridge Estuary SSSI citation