Remediation of a TCE Groundwater Plume using Hydraulic ...€¦ · #1 TCE mass reduction correlates...

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Dana Swift, Joe Rothermel, Bob Starr, Brennon Orr North Wind, Inc., Idaho Falls, Idaho Gordon Bures; Frac Rite Environmental Ltd., Calgary, Alberta November 7, 2012 Remediation of a TCE Groundwater Plume using Hydraulic Fracturing to Emplace ZVI/Carbon Amendment

Transcript of Remediation of a TCE Groundwater Plume using Hydraulic ...€¦ · #1 TCE mass reduction correlates...

Page 1: Remediation of a TCE Groundwater Plume using Hydraulic ...€¦ · #1 TCE mass reduction correlates with amendment distribution. • High TCE reductions (>90%) = extensive fracture

Dana Swift, Joe Rothermel, Bob Starr, Brennon Orr

North Wind, Inc., Idaho Falls, Idaho

Gordon Bures; Frac Rite Environmental Ltd., Calgary, AlbertaNovember 7, 2012

Remediation of a TCE Groundwater Plume using

Hydraulic Fracturing to Emplace ZVI/Carbon Amendment

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Site History• Operational disposals of TCE‐contaminated wastewater (1960‐1965)• UST Closures (1994), Site Investigation (1996),                          

Remedial Investigation (1999), Feasibility Study (2003),            Continued Site Characterization (2003‐2008), Pilot Test (2009), Interim Action (2011)

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CSM Development and Refinement

Conceptual Site Model

Remedial Actions and Activities

Initial CSM DevelopmentOct 2008

Site CharacterizationOct‐Dec 2008

Pilot TestApr‐May 2009

CSM UpdateApr 2009

CSM UpdateDec 2010

Interim Action Planning

Jan‐May 2011

CSM UpdateJun 2011

Interim Action Jul‐Aug 2011

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Create treatment pathways to increase:

• permeability • treatment area• contact with 

contaminants

… and facilitate• emplacement or injection of treatment amendments. 

Hydraulic fracturing provides an opportunity to remediate low permeability formations that would not otherwise be amenable to in situ treatment.

Hydraulic Fracturing for Remediation

FRAC RITE ENVIRONMENTAL LTD.YouTube: Frac Rite

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Pilot Test Design• Hydraulic fracturing to emplace EHC‐G®• EHC‐G® is zero valent iron (ZVI) and complex carbon• Fracture mapping using tiltmeters

Fracture Boreholes7 source area2 distal plume

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Pilot Test Amendment Distribution• Vertical coverage across entire saturated zone (every ~6 ft)• Amendment distribution radius ~65 to ~80 ft• Extensive, overlapping fracture network in source area

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Performance MonitoringBiotic TCE Degradation• Carbon Amendment• Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination(ARD) Pathways

Abiotic TCE Degradation• ZVI• Chemical DechlorinationPathways

TCE

cis-DCEvinyl chloride

chloroacetyleneacetylene

ethene+

chloride

short livedintermediates

TCE cis-DCE vinyl chloride ethene

chloride chloride chloride

Time

TCE

Con

cent

ratio

n cis-DCEVC

Time

Con

cent

ratio

n

intermediates persist in biotic pathway

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Performance Monitoring

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Concen

tration (ug/L) 

VOCs at MW‐21

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tration (ug/L) 

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TCE cis‐DCE VC Ethene

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tration (ug/L) 

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tration (ug/L) 

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TCE Pre-Pilot Test

TCE 21 Months Post-Pilot Test

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Performance Monitoring

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Pilot Test Lessons Learned#1 TCE mass reduction correlates with amendment distribution. • High TCE reductions (>90%) = extensive fracture network,             

high amendment mass distributed• Moderate TCE reductions (~40‐80%) = increased distance from 

fractures, lower amendment mass distributed

Aug 09 Correlationy = 0.0005x + 0.2096

R² = 0.8139

0%

20%

40%

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100%

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% TC

E Re

duction

Amendment Mass (lbs)/Distance  from Borehole (ft)

TCE Reduction and Amendment Distribution

Aug‐09 Nov‐09 Feb‐10

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#2 The emplaced amendment resulted in significant TCE degradation. 

Pilot Test Lessons Learned

0%

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Apr‐09 Jul‐09 Nov‐09 Feb‐10 May‐10 Sep‐10 Dec‐10

% TCE

 Mass R

emaining

Time after Pilot Test Implementation

Percent of TCE Mass Remaining Over Time

Source Area

On‐Site Plume

Whole Plume

#3 Plume configuration is not always a good indication of contaminant fate and transport.

 

Vicinity of Primary Contaminant Source Release Area

Approximate Location of Secondary Contaminant Source Release Area

Extent of 5 ug/L TCE Isopleth

Figure is not to scale

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Interim Action Design

Projected injection radius of 60 to 80 ft

Pre-Interim ActionTCE Contours

• Design targeted the plume area with TCE concentrations >100 ug/L• Hydraulic fracturing to emplace EHC®; 6 distal plume boreholes• Vertical coverage across saturated zone (every 3 to 6 ft)

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Performance MonitoringPre-Interim ActionTCE Concentrations

• Reduction to below the TCE MCL within 6 months where highest amendment distribution

• Minimal to no TCE reduction where amendment did not directly impact groundwater in vicinity of well

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tration (ug/L) 

VOCs at MW‐13

TCE cis‐DCE VC

 Ethene Pilot Test Interim Action

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Performance MonitoringPre-Interim ActionTCE Concentrations

• Continued TCE reduction 36 months post‐Pilot Test

• Slight TCE rebound but overall declining trends

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tration (ug/L) 

VOCs at MW‐22

TCE cis‐DCE VC  Ethene

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VOCs at MW‐21

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Conclusions

The use of hydraulic fracturing to emplace ZVI/carbon amendment resulted in effective groundwater remediation of TCE.

Traditional groundwater remediation technologies would be difficult to implement at this site. 

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Future Actions

• Site characterization activities prior to designing the full scale remedy:• Plume delineation• Investigate vertical contaminant 

distribution• Aquifer testing

• Full‐scale design:• Hydraulic fracturing to treat 

remainder of plume• Long term remedy monitoring

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Acknowledgments

• This project is funded through the United States Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District.

• Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment• Environmental Protection Agency Region 8

Corresponding Author:Dana SwiftNorth Wind 1425 Higham StreetIdaho Falls, ID [email protected](208) 557-7835