SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY

MAN ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETYMAN ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY

HUMAN BEINGS, HUMANS OR MANHUMAN BEINGS, HUMANS OR MAN Humans are bipedal primates in the family HOMINIDAEHumans are bipedal primates in the family HOMINIDAE Have highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language, Have highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, language,

introspection, problem solving and emotion and this mental capability introspection, problem solving and emotion and this mental capability combined with an erect body carriage allows humans to make far combined with an erect body carriage allows humans to make far greater use of tools than any other speciesgreater use of tools than any other species

They are well spread across the globe holding a population of 6.7 They are well spread across the globe holding a population of 6.7 billion as of July 2008billion as of July 2008

Like most higher primates humans are social by nature, adapt systems Like most higher primates humans are social by nature, adapt systems of communication for self expression exchange of ideas and of communication for self expression exchange of ideas and organizationorganization

Social interactions between humans establish an extremely wide Social interactions between humans establish an extremely wide variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms and laws, variety of traditions, rituals, ethics, values, social norms and laws, which together forms the basis of human societywhich together forms the basis of human society

HUMAN BEINGS, HUMANS OR MANHUMAN BEINGS, HUMANS OR MAN

Humans marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics which Humans marked appreciation for beauty and aesthetics which combined with the desire of self expression which led to cultural combined with the desire of self expression which led to cultural innovation such as art, literature and musicinnovation such as art, literature and music

Humans are notable for their desire to understand and influence Humans are notable for their desire to understand and influence the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural the world around them, seeking to explain and manipulate natural phenomena through philosophy, art, science, methodology and phenomena through philosophy, art, science, methodology and religion. This natural curiosity led to the development of religion. This natural curiosity led to the development of advanced tools and skills as by far is the only species to have advanced tools and skills as by far is the only species to have discovered fire, cook their food, clothe themselves and also discovered fire, cook their food, clothe themselves and also manipulate and develop numerous technologiesmanipulate and develop numerous technologies

Humans pass down their skills and knowledge to the next Humans pass down their skills and knowledge to the next generation through educationgeneration through education

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

The natural environment, commonly referred to as the The natural environment, commonly referred to as the environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living environment, is a terminology that is comprised of all living and non-living things that occur naturally on earth or some and non-living things that occur naturally on earth or some region thereof. The terminology and concept of what region thereof. The terminology and concept of what comprises the natural environment includes a few key comprises the natural environment includes a few key components-components-

Complete ecological unit that function as natural systems Complete ecological unit that function as natural systems without massive human intervention, including vegetation, without massive human intervention, including vegetation, animals, microorganisms, rocks, atmosphere and natural animals, microorganisms, rocks, atmosphere and natural phenomena that occur within their boundariesphenomena that occur within their boundaries

Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack Universal natural resources and physical phenomena that lack clear cut boundaries such as air, water and climate as well as clear cut boundaries such as air, water and climate as well as energy, radiation, electric charge and magnetism, not energy, radiation, electric charge and magnetism, not originating from human activityoriginating from human activity

LIFELIFE Although there is no universal agreement on the definition of Although there is no universal agreement on the definition of

life, scientist generally accept that the biological manifestation life, scientist generally accept that the biological manifestation of life is characterized by organization, metabolism, growth, of life is characterized by organization, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli and reproduction.adaptation, response to stimuli and reproduction.

Life may also be said to be simply the characteristic state of Life may also be said to be simply the characteristic state of organismorganism

CHALLENGESCHALLENGES

It’s the common understanding of natural environment that It’s the common understanding of natural environment that underlies environmentalism-a broad political, social and underlies environmentalism-a broad political, social and philosophical movement that advocates various actions and philosophical movement that advocates various actions and policies in the interest of protecting what nature remains in the policies in the interest of protecting what nature remains in the natural environment, or restoring or expanding the role of natural environment, or restoring or expanding the role of nature in this environment.nature in this environment.

SOCIETYSOCIETY

o Population of humans characterized by patterns of relationships between Population of humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive culture and institutionsindividuals that share a distinctive culture and institutions

o An economic, social and industrial infrastructure in which a varied An economic, social and industrial infrastructure in which a varied multitude of people are a part. They belong to different ethnic groups.multitude of people are a part. They belong to different ethnic groups.

The word society may also refer to an organized voluntary association of The word society may also refer to an organized voluntary association of people for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic or people for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic or other purposes.other purposes.

ORIGIN AND USAGEORIGIN AND USAGE The English word "society" emerged in the 15th century and is derived The English word "society" emerged in the 15th century and is derived

from the French from the French sociétésociété. The French word, in turn, had its origin in the . The French word, in turn, had its origin in the LatnLatn societassocietas, a "friendly association with others," from , a "friendly association with others," from sociussocius meaning meaning "companion, associate, comrade or business partner." The Latin word is "companion, associate, comrade or business partner." The Latin word is probably related to the verb probably related to the verb sequisequi, "to follow", and thus originally may , "to follow", and thus originally may have meant "follower".have meant "follower".

In the social sciences such as SOCIOLOGY, In the social sciences such as SOCIOLOGY, societysociety has been has been used to mean a group of people that form a semi-closed social used to mean a group of people that form a semi-closed social system, in which most interactions are with other individuals system, in which most interactions are with other individuals belonging to the group. belonging to the group. SocietySociety is sometimes contrasted with is sometimes contrasted with culture. culture.

For example, Clifford Geertz has suggested that For example, Clifford Geertz has suggested that societysociety is the is the actual arrangement of social relations while actual arrangement of social relations while cultureculture is made up is made up of beliefs and symbolic forms.of beliefs and symbolic forms.

According to sociologist Richard Jenkins, the term addresses a According to sociologist Richard Jenkins, the term addresses a number of important existential issues facing people:number of important existential issues facing people:

Many phenomena cannot be reduced to individual behaviour. Many phenomena cannot be reduced to individual behaviour. Collectives often endure beyond the lifespan of individual Collectives often endure beyond the lifespan of individual

members. members. The human condition has always meant going beyond the The human condition has always meant going beyond the

evidence of our senses; every aspect of our lives is tied to the evidence of our senses; every aspect of our lives is tied to the collectivecollective

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT The The social environment (context)social environment (context), also known as the , also known as the

MILIEU, is the identical or similar social positions and social MILIEU, is the identical or similar social positions and social roles as a whole that influence the individuals of a group.roles as a whole that influence the individuals of a group.

The social environment of an individual is the culture that he The social environment of an individual is the culture that he or she was educated and/or lives in, and the people and or she was educated and/or lives in, and the people and institutions with whom the person interacts. institutions with whom the person interacts.

A given social environment is likely to create a feeling of A given social environment is likely to create a feeling of solidarity amongst its members, who are more likely to keep solidarity amongst its members, who are more likely to keep together, trust and help one another. together, trust and help one another.

Members of the same social environment will often think in Members of the same social environment will often think in similar styles and patterns even when their conclusions differ.similar styles and patterns even when their conclusions differ.

INTER-RELATIONSHIPINTER-RELATIONSHIP

HUMANS

SOCIETY

ENVIRONMENT

All the three that is human, environment and society are All the three that is human, environment and society are interrelated to each other as :interrelated to each other as :

Humans are a part of the environment Humans are a part of the environment Humans form the societyHumans form the society Society in turn becomes the part of the environmentSociety in turn becomes the part of the environment

Thus as we know that humans are the only species with developed Thus as we know that humans are the only species with developed brains and skills which makes communication an indispensable brains and skills which makes communication an indispensable need for them to discover, evolve, create, manifest and need for them to discover, evolve, create, manifest and manipulate the rules, regulations and forums for a society manipulate the rules, regulations and forums for a society whose diversity, stratification and development directly or whose diversity, stratification and development directly or indirectly affects the environment at large. indirectly affects the environment at large.