tyis

reinjerebi

lela qistauri

klasi VIkiTxvis done – 6.2teqstis tipi – sainformacio-SemecnebiTi

saqarTvelos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqti (G-PriEd) madlobas uxdis lela qistaurs, rezo gogias, nugzar arCe maSvils da eliso rexviaSvils, romlebmac paata papavas xelmZRvanelobiT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes am wignebis momzadebaSi. gansakuTrebuli madloba qalbaton medea kakaCias (USAID) ga­we uli daxmarebisTvis.

am masalis momzadeba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis keTili nebiTa da aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT. masalebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia SemdgenelTa jgufi da igi ar warmoadgens aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentosa da aSS mTavrobis azrs. Ees masala momzadda aSS saerTaSoriso ganvi­Tarebis saagentos dawyebiTi ganaTlebis proeqtis farglebSi, romelic xorcieldeba saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan erTad.

reinjerebi arin yvelgan: mTaSi, uRran tyeebSi, kldovan adgilebSi, mRvimeebTan... maT ician veluri bunebis yvela saidumlo, yvela uReltexili, yvela xeobis gasasvleli, yvela mRvimis GasaZromi, tyis yvela biliki, yvela wyaro... ar eSiniaT gareuli cxovelebis, yinvis, qarbuqis, wvimis, xanZris, tyeSi Zilis... muSaoben yvela sezonSi, yvelanair amindSi, dRisiT Tu RamiT. isini atareben muqi feris uniformas, iaraRs, racias, GPS-s, fanars, Wogrits, samaSvelo Toks, savele afTiaqs... icaven cxovelebs, frinvelebs, mcenareebs, turistebis usafrTxoebas. gvxvdebian mze-mokidebuli saxiT, cnobismoyvare mzeriT, RimiliT. uSualod Tavs gadaxdomiaT an sme-niaT uamravi saintereso istoria, romelic jer arsad, arc erT wignSi ar dawerila! iqneb Tqvenc gi-naxavT, tyeSi gzaabneuls dagxmarebiaT, saWiro rGevebi mou-ciaT. tyis reinjerebis dauRalavi Sromis gareSe dedamiwis ulamazesi adgilebi daucveli darGeboda, wiTel wignSi

Setanili bevri cxoveli, frinveli Tu mcenare ki albaT saerTod gaqreboda.

GPS _ `Global Positioning System~-is Semokleba, romelic ase iTargmneba: `globaluri sanavigacio sistema~. sistemis gamoyenebiT mis momxmareb-

els SeuZlia sakuTari ad-gilmdebareobis dadgena xmele-Tze, zRvaSi da haerSic ki.

wiTeli wigni _ iSviaT da ga-daSenebis piras mi-sul mcenareTa da cxovelTa saxeo-bebis sia. arsebobs wiTeli wignis saerTaSoriso da erovnuli varianti. wigni Seiqmna bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kav-Siris (IUCN) iniciativT.

reinjeri (inglisu-rad ranger) _ 1) moxe-tiale, monadire, tyis mcveli, cxe-nosani policieli; 2) amerikis SeerTe-buli Statebis Sei-araRebul ZalebSi, kerZod, komandosis batalionSi momsa-xure samxedro piri; 3) daculi teri-toriebis mcveli ro gorc amerikis SeerTebul Stateb-Si, ise CvenTan.

2003 wlamde saqarTveloSi reinjerebs tyis mcvelebi er-qvaT. maSin dacul teritoriebSi mxolod tyis masivebi Sedioda. mogvianebiT maT SeuerTda alpuri mdeloebi, Waobebi, naTeli tyeebi, mRvimeebi, myinvarebi, zRvis akva-toria, tbebi, mSrali velebi...

akvatoria _ portis sazRvrebSi moqceuli wylis sivrce.

tyis mcvelis saqmianobis areali gaizarda. zogs iseTi teritoriis dacva uwevda, sadac tye saerTod ar iyo. gafarTovda tyis mcvelebis fun-qciebic - daevalaT turistebisTvis dasaTvalierebeli adgilis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba, vizitorebis qcevis gakontroleba, dazaralebu-lis daxmareba da sxv. saxelwodeba `tyis mcveli~ saTanadod veRar asax-avda maT saqmianobas da amitom dam-kvidrda axali termini reinjeri.

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saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebi Zvelad da dRes

saqarTveloSi konkretuli adgilebis dacva-gafrTxile-bas didi xnis istoria aqvs. jer kidev XII saukuneSi Tamar mefes gamoucia brZaneba, romlis mixedviTac qveynis teri-toriis na wili daculad cxaddeboda. ufro mogvianebiT, XVII saukuneSi, vax tang VI-is `kanonTa krebulSi~ moxseniebulia yoruRis teritoria, sadac akrZaluli iyo xis moWra, nadi-roba, gavlac ki.

Zvelad Tavadebs da aznaurebsac hqondaT sakuTari samo-

nadireo adgilebi, romelsac specialurad dadgenili da-rajebi icavdnen. iq mosaxleobas ar SeeZlo nadiroba, Te-vzaoba, xis moWra, samkurnalo mcenareebisa Tu veluri xi-lis Segroveba. dacul adgilebSi periodulad TviTon mepa-trone awyobda xalxmraval nadirobas sapatio stumris pativsacemad. maRali wris sazogadoebaSi es garTobis erT-erT popularul saxe-obad iTvleboda.

yoruRi _ adgilis sax-elia, mdebareobs kax-eTSi. Sedis mariamjvris daculi teritoriis SemadgenlobaSi.

3

saqarTvelos mTebSi yovelTvis ar-sebobda da zogan dRemde SemorGa `xa-tis tyeebi~. es iyo salocavTan axlos bunebrivad arsebuli tye, romelic Tavisi daculobiT yvelaze metad hgav-da dRevandel nakrZals. mas TviTon soflis mcxovreblebi icavdnen. `xatis tyis~ piradi daniSnulebiT moxmareba sastikad ikrZaleboda. xis moWrasa da nadirobaze rom aRaraferi vTqvaT, ve-

luri xilis Tu samkurnalo mcenareebis Segrovebac ar iyo nebadarTuli. metic, am tyidan patara xmeli joxis saxlSi waRebac ki codvad iTvleboda. iq mxolod dResaswaule-bze gasamarTi ritualebisTvis agrovebdnen SeSas da imasac gansazRvruli raodenobiT.

saqarTveloSi arsebobda eklesiis kuTvnili tyeebic, romelsac aseve ufrTxildebodnen. Tumca, arc mefeTa br-ZanebiT gamoyofili daculi teritoriebi, arc didebulTa samonadireo adgilebi, arc `xatis~ Tu eklesiis tyeebi kla-sikuri nakrZalebi ar iyo.

rac Seexeba Tanamedrove nakrZals, saqarTveloSi am ti-pis daculi teritoria pirvelad 1912 wels Seiqmna. es iyo lagodexis saxelmwifo nakrZali. me-20 saukunis manZil-ze saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze TandaTan sxva daculi teritoriebic gamoiyo. amJamad maTi saerTo farTobi udris 495892 ha-s, rac qveynis teritoriis daaxloebiT 8 %-ia. daculi teritoriebis 75% tyiT aris dafaruli.

4

daculi teritoriebi kategoriebis mixedviT

daculi teritoriebi ramdenime kategoriad iyofa. kat-egoriebs bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiri (IUCN) adgens. maTi movlac gansxvavebulad xdeba.

nakrZali I kategorias miekuTvneba. es niSnavs, rom iq bunebrivi procesebi adamianis Garevis gareSe unda mim-dinareobdes. nakrZalebi gamoiyeneba mxolod samecniero kvlevisTvis, dakvirvebisTvis, aseve saswavlo-saganmanaTleb-lo miznebisTvis.

erovnul parks II kategoria Seesabameba. es adgili Za-lian kargia turizmis ganviTarebisTvis. Tumca, vizitorebis zedmetma raodenobam SeiZleba ziani miayenos iqaurobas. aseT teritoriaze gamoyofilia adgilebi, sadac SeiZleba samkurnalo mcenareebis, veluri kenkris, SeSis Se-groveba, Tibva, saqonlis Zoveba, Tumca akrZalulia xvna-Tesva.

gaarkvie:

a) rogor xdeba ama Tu im konkretuli adgilisTvis daculi teritoriis statusis miniWeba da Tu xdeba Semdeg am statusis moxsna?

b) saqarTvelos teritoriis ra nawili (ramdeni heqtari) ar ekuTvnis dacul teritoriebs?

g) ramdeni heqtari tyis masivia Sesuli daculi teritoriis farglebSi?

mtiralas

erovnuli parki

5

bunebis Zegli (III kategoria) aris erovnuli mniSvn-elobis mqone SedarebiT mcire teritoria: mRvime, xeoba, mdinaris delta, tyis koromi da sxv. romelsac dacva da gafrTxileba sWirdeba.

aRkveTili (IV kategoria) aris xmeleTis an zRvis nawili, sadac wiTel nusxaSi Setanili cocxali or-ganizmebis iSviaTi saxeobebia gavrcelebuli. aRkveTilSi nebadarTulia Tevzaoba, nadiroba, mxolod mkacrad dadge-nili wesebis dacviT.

rac Seexeba dacul landSaftebs (V kategoria), ms-gavs adgilebSi SesaZlebelia ekoturizmis ganviTareba, aseve bunebrivi resursebis moxmareba, mxolod zomierad.

bolo, VI kategorias, Seesabameba mravalmxrivi gamo-yenebis teritoria, sadac daSvebulia TviTganaxlebadi bunebrivi resursebiT sargebloba. GvenTan es kategoria jer ar aqvs miniWebuli arc erT adgils.

amJamad saqarTveloSi 16 saxelmwifo nakrZali, 10 erovnuli parki, 42 bunebis Zegli, 18 aRkveTili terito-ria da 2 daculi landSaftia.

yvela kategoriis dacul teritorias icaven reinjerebi. saqarTvelos dacul terito-riebs yuradRebas aqcevs WWF-is saqarTveloSi arsebuli kavkasiis ofisic.

veluri bunebis

dacvis msoflio

fondi

nakrZali erovnuli parki bunebis Zegli aRkveTili

babaneuris algeTis arwivis xeoba ajameTis

bawaras borjom-xaragaulis abanos mineraluri tba buRdaSenis tbis

biWvinTis vaSlovanis alaznis Wala gardabnis

borjomis Tbilisis baldis kanioni TeTrobis

gumisTis TuSeTis bodornis kldis svetebi iltos

vaSlovanis kolxeTis bReris mRvime ioris

TuSeTis maWaxelas gabzaruli tba karwaxis Waobis

kintriSis mtiralas goderZis namarxi kacoburis

lagodexis yazbegis goWkadilis kanioni lagodexis

liaxvis javaxeTis daSbaSis kanioni madatafas tbis

mariamjvris didRelis mRvime neZvis

miuseris TeTri mRvime saTafliis

riwis Trusos travertinebi suldis Waobis

saTafliis iazonis mRvime qobuleTis

fsxus md. abaSis GanGqeri qcia-tabawyuris

qobuleTis melouris mRvime yoruRis

moTenas mRvime WaWunis

muxuras GanGqeri xanGalis tbis

nagarevis mRvime

navenaxevis mRvime

nazodelavos mRvime

oniores GanGqeri

okaces kanioni

okaces GanGqeri

oGxomuris GanGqeri

promeTes mRvime

sakaJiis mRvime

samSvildis kanioni

sawurblias mRvime

saxizaris klde

solkotas mRvime

taxtiTefas talaxis vulkanebi

tobis mRvime

qeTerisis karstuli wyaro

Rlianas mRvime

yumisTavis mRvime

cucxvaTis mRvimovani

wyalwiTelas xeoba

jvris uReltexilis travertinebi

jorwyus mRvime

jumas yure

xomulis mRvime

7

flora (laT. flora _ yvavilebisa da gazaf-xulis qalRmerTi) _ garkveul teritoriaze gavrcelebuli mcenareebi.

fauna (laT. fauna _ ty-eebisa da velebis qal-RmerTi, cxovelTa jo-gebis mfarveli) _ ama Tu im teritoriaze gavrcelebuli cxovelebi.

reinjeris ZiriTadi saqmianoba

reinjerebis saqmianoba sakmaod rTulia da did gamZleo-bas moiTxovs. TiToeuls uSualod aqvs Gabarebuli konkre-tuli teritoria _ `samcvelo~ da iq arsebuli qoneba _ xelsawyoebi, aparatura, teqnika da a. S. mas aqvs dadgenili dRis reJimi da marSrutebi, romlis mixedviTac unda pa-trulirebdes da akontrolebdes sakuTar teritorias.

reinjerebs evalebaT, Seagrovon informacia floris, faunis, wylis xarisxis Sesaxeb. isini ageben fotoxafangebs da Segrovili monacemebis mixedviT aRweren veluri cxovelebisa da frinvelebis raodenobas Tavis samcveloSi. weren dRi-urs, sadac iniSnaven cxovelTa se-zonur qcevebs, bunebaSi mimdinare saintereso movlenebs. mudmivad akvirdebian tyeebs, raTa ar gamor-GeT mavne mwerebis an romelime daavadebis gavrceleba. Tu xanZari Gndeba, maTve evalebaT cecxlis Gaqrobac.

imis mixedviT, Tu romel kategorias miekuTvneba es ad-gili, dacul teritoriebze dadgenilia bunebrivi resurse-biT sargeblobis mkacrad gansazRvruli wesebi. reinjerebma vizitorebs droulad unda acnobon dacul teritoriaze mosalodneli safrTxeebi, esaubron usafrTxoebis normebze, saWiro qcevebze. garemos damcvelebs erTgvarad maSvelis funqciac aqvT SeTavsebuli _ unda daicvan turistebi da dazaralebuls aRmouGinon gadaudebeli samedicino dax-mareba, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moemsaxuron transportiT da sxv.

amave dros, maT ufleba aqvT, sakuTar teritoriaze daa-kavon brakonierebi, GamoarTvan iaraRi, mosTxovon zaralis anazRaureba da a. S.

reinjerebma unda Seamowmon daculi teritoriis saz-Rvrebi da informacia Seagrovon teritoriis dabinZurebis, danagvianebis da unebarTvo mSeneblobis Sesaxeb. mosaxleobas unda esaubron tyeebSi usafrTxoebis wesebis dacvis Taobaze.

9

reinjeris 7 oqros wesi

1. unda uyvardes buneba da ar unda eSinodes velur

garemoSi cxovrebis, rTuli meteorologiuri piro-

bebis.

2. zedmiwevniT kargad unda icnobdes bunebaSi mimdi-nare procesebs da SeeZlos Tundac mcire cvlilebis

dafiqsireba.

3. reinjeris saqmianobis dros Zalian xSiria gauT-

valiswinebeli SemTxvevebi: xanZari, wyaldidoba Tu ada-

mianis mier gamowveuli safrTxeebi. reinjerma swrafad

unda imoqmedos sagangebo situaciebSi.

4. radgan Zalian xSirad uwevs gzaabneuli mgzavrebis

Tu turistebis daxmareba, unda SeeZlos dakargulis

povna.

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5. unda iyos TavSekavebuli kanondamrRvevebTan saub-

risas, ar Gaebas kamaTSi, ar upasuxos uxeSobas uxeSo-

biT.

6. unda iyos komunikabeluri da megobruli yvela im

adamianTan, visTanac uwevs urTierToba Tavisi movaleo-

bis Sesrulebis dros: vizitorebTan, policielebTan,

mexanZreebTan, eqimebTan, adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan.

7. unda hqondes velur bunebaSi mimdinare procesebis

Secnobisa da axsnis unari. igi bunebis erTgvari mesaid-

umle unda iyos da kargi mosaubrec, raTa gasagebad da

sainteresod esaubros vizitorebs.

am wesebs oficialur dokumentebSi ver SexvdebiT. isini avtoris mieraa SeTxzuli.kidev erTxel gaixsene reinjeris movaleobebi da cxovrebis wesi. warmoidgine, rom reinjerTa jgufis xelmZRvaneli xar. moifiqre erTi an ori wesi, romelsac am nusxas daamatebdi.

11

aRWurviloba

imis gamo, rom es profesia erTdroulad bevri sxvadasxva saxis saqmianobis Sesrulebas moiTxovs, saWiro aRWurvilo-bac mravalferovania.

reinjeri patrulirebis dros gadaadgildeba fexiT, cxe-niT, avto da mototransportiT, vertmfreniT, wylis moto-transportiT. transportis saxeobis SerGeva damokidebulia adgilmdebareobaze.

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rogorc vTqviT, reinjers acvia muqi feris uniforma, mTaSi sasiarulo fexsacmeli (`baTinki~), sawvimari. indivi-dualuri dacvis saSualebebidan mas aqvs satabelo cecxl-sasroli iaraRi, cecxlsaqrobi mowyobiloba. kavSirgabmu-lobis da sanavigacio saSualebebidan - racia, mobiluri telefoni, kompasi, GPS, fanari, Wogriti. piradi saWiroe-bisTvis - zurgGanTa, savele abga, uJangavi wylis WurWe-li - maTara, samaSvelo Toki, savele afTiaqi, mcire zomis karavi, saZile tomara, mravalfunqciuri gasaxsneli dana. informaciis Sesagroveblad aRWurvilia fotoaparatiT da dRiuriT.

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profesiis rTuli mxareebi

reinjeris saqmianoba specifikidan gamomdinare bevr sirTu-lesTanaa dakavSirebuli: uamindobasTan, naklebad komfor-tul sacxovrebel pirobebTan, velur bunebaSi cxovrebasTan da sxv. Tumca, samwuxarod, yvelaze met sirTules adamianebis araswori qceva iwvevs. xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca adgilobrivi mosaxleoba bunebrivi resursebiT ukanonod sargeblobs. es SeiZleba iyos xe-tyis Wra, Tevzaoba, nadiroba, saqonlis Zoveba, miwis farTobis dakaveba, teritoriis dabinZureba, cecxlis danTeba, mcenareebis dazianeba... zogjer vizitorebi iqcevian arasaTanadod da safrTxes uqmnian rogorc sakuTar Tavs, ise garemos da SeiZleba - garemos damcvelsac. rein-jerebis saqmianobis ZiriTadi sirTulec swored adamianebis

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reinjerTa saqmianobisa da miRwevebis Sesaxeb informaciis mosaZie-

blad daaTvaliere daculi teritoriebis saagentos veb-saiti

http://www.apa.gov.ge

araswor qcevasTan gamklavebaa. bolo dros brakonierobaze sasjeli gamkacrda da erovnuli parkebis TiTqmis yvela mon-akveTs dacva akontrolebs. amis gamo ukanono monadireebis ricxvma iklo, Tumca borjom-xaragaulis erovnul parkSi weliwadSi 10-mde aseTi faqti mainc xdeba. samwuxarod, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac reinjeris sicocxle mis saqmianobas ewireba.

31 ivlisi reinjerTa saerTaSoriso dRea. es Tari-Ri eZRvneba samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebis dros daSavebul Tu gardacvlil reinjerTa xsovnas, aseve, rein-jerTa Tavdadebul Sromas, romelsac isini ewevian msofli-os buneb rivi da kulturuli faseulobebis dasacavad.

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saxaliso istoriebi

sirTuleebis miuxedavad, garemos damcvelebis cxovrebaSi xSiria saxaliso istoriebic. borjom-xaragaulis nakrZalis teritoriaze patrulirebisas reinjerebma tyeSi daiWires ori meZebari ZaRli. ukve Ramdeboda. ZaRlebi patronebTan dabrundnen da garemos damcvelebi miiyvanes swored im adg-ilas, sadac uRran tyeSi brakonierebi imalebodnen.

aranakleb saxaliso istoria gadaxdaT Tavs lagodexis nakrZalSi momuSave reinjerebs. maT nadiris samigracio bi-likze daamagres fotoxafangi. cota xnis Semdeg kameram daafiqsira adamiani, romelic wiflis uzarmazar xeze adi-oda. reinjerebma dRisiT daaTvalieres xe. masze asasvlelad kibe daemagrebinaT, xolo zeviT nadirobisTvis saTvalTvalo adgili moewyoT. `mowyobilobisTvis~ reinjerebs xeli ar uxliaT, Gausafrdnen da ise elodebodnen movlenebis gan-viTarebas. SuaRamisas brakonieri gamoGnda da mSvidad avida xeze. is SeiaraRebuli iyo. reinjerebi daelodnen, rodis Gamovidoda Zirs an - GaeZineboda. marTlac, cota xnis Sem-deg, brakoniers safarSi GaeZina. mZinare brakoniers Tavze daadga erTi reinjeri, frTxilad aarTva iaraRi da gaRviZeba dauwyo. brakonieri nasvami iyo da sakuTar cols dauwyo sayveduri: dedakaco, Tavi damanebe, meZinebao. rodesac, rogorc iqna, gaaRviZes, Zalian gaukvirda da Secbunebuli gaiZa-xoda, aq sad momageniT an iaraRi rogor amarTviTo.

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