THE LEARNING CENTRE

Referencing - Harvard

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this session you should be able to:

Explain the reasons for referencing

Identify the correct format for referencing

different types of information sources

Demonstrate the ability to reference different

types of information sources consistently and

accurately

Definitions

In-text reference – A reference found within the text of the assignment after a quote or paraphrase (Smith, 2012)

Reference list – This list is found at the end of an assignment (in alphabet order of the authors’ surnames). It is the full version of the in-text reference.

Smith, J. (2013). What is referencing? Southampton: Citycol Publishing Ltd

Bibliography – This is similar to a reference list except that it includes every resource you look at for your research, not just those referenced in text.

Harvard APA

Why Reference? Referencing acknowledges information sources

which are used whenever you do a piece of work

Referencing allows your reader to find the source of your information

You can lose marks if you do not reference accurately and consistently

If you do not use referencing to acknowledge your sources you will be guilty of plagiarism which can bring disciplinary action

Plagiarism!Plagiarism is using someone else’s work and claiming it as your own.

Copying and pasting from the Internet and passing it off as your own work. Copying directly from a book or journal without acknowledging the source. Copying off your fellow students. The copying and use of anyone else’s work without acknowledging them. Plagiarism is using someone else’s work and claiming it as your own.

Avoid plagiarism by:

Using “quotation marks” for direct quotations Using in-text references, reference lists, and bibliographies

Remember, it is VERY EASY for your tutor to recognise when you have plagiarised!

Plagiarism Quiz – is it plagiarism?

You quote directly from a book word for word into your assignment and do not cite the source? Y/N

You directly copy some words from a book or website, add a few of your own words and do not cite the source? Y/N

You find something on a website that directly relates to your assignment, copy and paste it into your assignment and do not cite the source? Y/N

You find something interesting on a website, paraphrase it into your own words, but do not mention the website source in your assignment? Y/N

You need to give a historical overview of an event, you read a variety of sources on the topic that all say similar things so you summarise them all into your own words and do not mention the sources? Y/N

After doing a decent amount of research on a topic you come up with an original theory on the topic, which you put into your assignment. You then find out a bit later, that someone has already come up with this idea a few years previously and published it? Y/N

You find some relevant photographs online and add them into your assignment without citing the artist, photographer, or website? Y/N

Referencing from a Teacher’s Point of View....

It determines if the information you have relied on is old or new, from the UK or abroad

It identifies if you have used subject specialists in the field

It determines whether you have researched the subject effectively

It can be used to identify whether you have relied heavily on one type of information source

It identifies if you have relied too much on other peoples work – or too little!

Referencing Activity One

Attempt to locate the following reference:

Dougherty, D and Murthy, A. ‘What service customers really want’, Harvard Business Review.

What difficulties did you experience ?

Dougherty, D and Murthy, A. (2009) ‘What service customers really want’, Harvard Business Review, September 2009, p.22.

What should an in-text Reference include?

Author surname/corporate author Year of publication Page number (when necessary)

Direct quotation

Parker (2009, p.5) suggests that “referencing is considered to be good academic etiquette” in her report……

It has been stated that “referencing is considered to be good academic etiquette” (Parker,2009, p.5)

Paraphrasing:

Parker (2009) suggests that it is academic etiquette to reference within research assignments.

It has been suggested that it is good academic etiquette to reference (Parker, 2009).

What should a Bibliography / reference list look like?

Beames, S. and Atencio, M. (2008) ‘Building social capital through outdoor education’, Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 99-112.

Department for Education. (2011) Simple behaviour checklist to help teachers maintain discipline in school. Available at: http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/pupilsupport/behaviour/a00199412/simple-behaviour-checklist-to-help-teachers-maintain-discipline-in-school (Accessed: 25 January 2012).

Petty, G. (2009) Teaching today: a practical guide, 4th edn, Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes.

Note:-The different styles for different resource types-It is in alphabetical order by surname/company name-The use of italics and grammatical symbols

Things to remember about reference lists/bibliographies.

How many references should I include in my bibliography?

Try to make sure that you have a range of information sources: books, websites, journals etc – don’t rely on one information source

Authors should be listed alphabetically, by author surname.

Sometimes you will need to use a corporate author.

Websites can be difficult – use ‘contact us’ ‘about us’ and ‘home’ to find the information.

Referencing Activity Two

Use the interactive white board to practice creating references for a:

Book Website Journal article

Some helpful websites

Cite this for me: http://www.citethisforme.com/

Portsmouth University: http://referencing.port.ac.uk/

University of Leeds:

http://library.leeds.ac.uk/skills-referencing-harvard

Referencing Activity Three

For the purposes of this exercise you will need to create a bibliography containing a :

Reference to a book Reference to a website Reference to a journal article