Referencing (5)
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Transcript of Referencing (5)
Introduction to Referencing
B.A HARSHI MADUBASHINIBSc (Hon’s)In Quantity SurveyingLECTURER, University Of Salford,UK, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION ICBT CAMPUS MOUNT LAVINIA
Session AimsWhy referenceHow to review literature betterHow to cite and refer to others
work within the textHow to list references
Why reference?
Books Journals www Films Sound recording Video/DVD/CD-ROM Broadcasts
Illustrations British Standard
Publications Government Publications Conferences E-Mail Online Databases
1. To show your ability to research • How many sources• Range of different sources
Why reference?
1. To acknowledge other writers/work
2. To allow others to locate your sources
3. List references correctly4. Avoid plagiarism
References & Bibliography
What is the difference between the References Section and Bibliography Section?
All works cited must be listed correctly in the 'References' section
Any work that you have read/seen and you feel is relevant but has not been used in your work appears in the 'Bibliography'
Principles of citation Each citation should include Author’s last name(Family name)Year of the book published in the
brackets.Ex: Phillips(1999) Suggest that
Multiple sentences relating to one citationWeed(2007) described how hosting the
Olympic generates tourism during the games and afterword's. he also asserts that the effects are seen across the whole country.
Citing items with two or three authorsInclude all the names:(Daly, Speedy and Jackson 2006)
or
Daly, Speedy and Jackson (2006) discuss the ...
Citing items with more than three authorsUse the first author followed by
et al(Russell et al. 2005)
or Russell et al. (2005) give a description of
“Et al.” is a scholarly abbreviation of the Latin phrase et alia, which means “and others.”
Citing diagrams, tables, figures, etc.Osbourn and Greeno (2002, p206) provide a
diagram of the typical detail for raft foundation
Ex: 1. In your text : In the book by Cole (1994, p38) there is a figure by Stoner & Freeman explaining the ………..2. If you have included the diagram in your work, a citation should appear below it: Stoner and Freeman (Cole 1994, p38) In your bibliography : COLE, G.A. (1994). Strategic management: theory and practice. London, DP Publications Ltd.
Direct QuotationsDirect quotations AuthorYear of the PublicationPage numberQuotation marks "……."
Dickinson (2010, p. 51).
Example of Direct QuotesAs Lock (1994, p. 5) states:
"Project management techniques find their application in many situations far removed from the obvious industrial project scene, helping to manage changes of premises, new installations, refurbishment or maintenance of existing plant and facilities, company relocations and so on.“
As Lock (1994, p. 6) states:
“Every project manager must ensure that his project is efficiently and sensibly planned and scheduled from the start, and that critical tasks are identified."
You also need to add you own words, thoughts and ideas. Use the quotes to justify you own thoughts and ideas.
What does it mean when ……… are added within a quotation?
“ Many issues have to be considered……………. and these have to be resourced”( Watson 2003, p. 12)
Words cut from quotation
Example of Multiple AuthorsDickinson, S., Hanney, N., and Armatys, J.,
2010. Professional Information Management. Sheffield: Hallam Publishing◦ 3 or less◦ The order that the authors are given on the front
cover is the order they are written.◦ However, when listing references in the references
section they should be in alphabetical order of the surname of the first author.
Citing more than one piece of work by the same author in same yearUse letters
◦Lower case◦after date
E.g. Dickinson (2010a) and
Dickinson (2010b) etc.
How to List References
Style
When listing references:Highlight titles of books
◦Bold ◦Underline◦Italics
You may put date in brackets (2014)
Listing References for books
◦Author or editors name◦Year of the book published◦The title of the book◦If it is edition other than the first◦The city the book was published on◦The name of the publisher
EX: PHILLIPS, David (2006). Quality of life: concept, policy and practice. London, Routledge.
Citing References for books
Alvesson,Millar and Due,Billing (2009) Understanding gender and organizations.2nd ed., London,Sage Publications.Alvesson First author's surname
Millar First author's first name (use first one only)
Due Second author's surname
Billing Second author's first name (use first one only)
(2009) Year of publication
Understanding gender and organizations Title of book in italics
2nd ed., Edition (in this case 2nd edition)*
London Place of publication
sage publications Publisher
HOW to Cite for Edited Book Entries
Bruni First chapter author's surname
Anderson First author's first name (use first one only)
Gherardi Second chapter author's surname
Sara Second author's first name (use first one only)
(2002) Year of publication
'Engendering diffrences...' Title of chapter in single quotation marks
in Aaltio, I and Mills, A (eds) 'in' plus the editors of the book
Culture, Identity... Title of book in italics
London Place of publication
Routledge Publisher
pp21-38 Pages of the chapter or article
Edited Book EntriesBruni, Anderson and Gherardi,
Sara (2002) ‘En-gendering differences, transgressing the boundaries, coping with the dual presence’ in Aaltio, I and Mills, A (eds) Gender, Identity and the Culture of Organizations London: Routledge pp21-38
Books with No Identifiable Authors or Editors
Title of the bookYearplace of publication publisher
Building maintenance: strategy, planning and procurement. (2000). Coventry, Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
Anonymous booksUse AnonYearPlace of publicationPublisher
ANON. (2005). A woman in Berlin: diary 20 April 1945 to 22 June 1945. London, Virago. (Anon. 2005
Sources Without a Date
Author No date
Ex: Smith, James. (n. d.).
Journal ArticlesThe author’s name or names Year article title, full journal/magazine titleVolumeissue or number pages
Ex: DAVIS, Simon (2004). Project management in local and central government: an interim view. Project manager today, XVI (5), 4-5.
Electronic SourcesAuthor and published yearTitle of electronic sourceThe date you accessed the sourceThe electronic address or emailThe type of electronic source (email,
discussion forum) Ex: young,c.(2001) English heritage position
statesmen on the Valetta convention,[Online],available:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9124.htm.[24.aug.2001]
References for Images Artist, year, title, format In: then
reference as a book In text : (Reynolds circa 1775) In reference list : REYNOLDS,
Joshua (circa 1775). Self portrait. [painting]. In: SMITH, J. & JONES, S. Sir Joshua Reynolds. Sheffield, Sheffield Hallam University Press, 1998.
References for Images (web site) Artist Year Title Format Last accessed date at: URL
Ex: In text : (Reynolds circa 1775) In Reference list : REYNOLDS, Joshua (circa 1775).
Self portrait. [online image]. Last accessed 1 August 2006 at: http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?workid=12394
Reference for Oral Presentation
The spoken citation can also
include an author and published date if appropriate.
“Norman Hollenberg’s 2004 article ‘Angiotensin Receptor Blockers’ explains the relationship of renin to hypertension. Patients with hypertension suffer from . . .”
References for Oral Presentation GRAPHICS - Include the source of
the image, photograph or illustration in your PowerPoint presentation.
include the author/year or title/year, if you provide your audience with a
complete list of references. Include a complete list of your
References as a slide at the end of your PowerPoint presentation
Reference for video Author (artist) Title of programme Year Format Last accessed date URL.
Ex: GERVAIS, R. (2006) Ricky Gervais video podcast No 8. [video podcast] 26 July. Last accessed 3 August 2006 at: http://podcast.rickygervais.com/podcast.xml
Gervais (2006) is ... (in text )
Paraphrasing and Summarizing
You are paraphrasing when you used other writer’s ideas into your own words you have to provide the original source.
When you doing summarizing part if you use main points from a original source you have to provide reference.
PlagiarismPlagiarism is cheating by
presenting someone else’s work as your own.
Plagiarism video
Any Questions?
Referencing Quiz