RECONNAISSANCE - irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com 8... · National Occupational Standards: 3 PCP 1 PCP 2...
Transcript of RECONNAISSANCE - irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com 8... · National Occupational Standards: 3 PCP 1 PCP 2...
RECONNAISSANCE
2
Intended Learning Outcome: By the end of the session trainees will be able to:
1. Explain the purpose of reconnaissance
2. Describe issues to be considered when conducting a reconnaissance
3. Describe the role of a security advance party
4. Conduct a reconnaissance
5. Describe the difference between a covert and overt reconnaissance.
AIM: To discuss the purpose of and carry out reconnaissance.
National Occupational Standards:
3
PCP 1
PCP 2
Principals
PCP 5 (SLP2)
PCP 12
Asses levels of threats, vulnerabilities & risks to Principals
Plan and prepare to minimise threats, vulnerabilities and risk to
Communicate effectively in the workplace
Maintain personal security awareness
Employment NTO
SAS 8
UNIT 6
Use IT to support own role
Work effectively with other agencies.
5
The Purpose of Reconnaissance
The reasons for taking time to carry out reconnaissance are
many. Obviously, we want to know the way to go. We
might want to know how long a move is going to take. We
want to know how vulnerable we are to particular types of
attack on particular routes
Route recces are always carried out with a very low profile
and as covertly as possible. Anti-surveillance drills should
always be exercised to ensure that you are not being
followed. Any terrorist or criminal that realises you are
carrying out a recce will know the route that your Principal
will be taking and will have an opportunity to surprise you
on it! If the move is important and considered high risk,
then several different routes MUST be looked at.
Route Reconnaissance
6
Purpose:
To ensure the safety of the Principal whilst in transit
between two locations
The Threat:
Statistically evidence shows your Principal is at high risk when in
transit. Over 50% of kidnappings and assassinations occur in or
near the victim’s vehicle and this is usually near his home or place
of work. All kidnappers/assassins carry out surveillance of their
targets prior to attack.
Stage 1: - Route selection
Carry out map appreciation of the area; consider
computerised route selection. Always select if possible the
fastest, safest route. Always select alternative and escape
routes
Stage 2: - The Recce
Drive the whole length of the route to the venue. Drive as if
you had the Principal with you. Time the route carefully and
the exact mileage covered. Attempt to perform the Recce at a
similar time and day of the actual journey proposed.
7
Stage 3: - Planning stage
Complete the linear route cards. Highlight vulnerable points
and the exact location of embus and debus points
Danger Areas / Vulnerable Points (VP’s):
1. Junctions, roundabouts, bends
2. Built up areas; high volume of pedestrians
3. Radio/mobile phone black spots
4. Road works / Diversions
5. Traffic queues
6. Areas with no street lighting
7. Narrow roads / Bridges
8. Accident black spots.
8
Pre-Recce Requirements:
1.Always vary routes and timings
2.Never treat a journey as routine
3.Always carry up to date maps of the area
4.Plan alternative routes – escape route
5.Know the places of safety in the area –
6.Police stations fire ambulance stations hospitals
7.Select the safest route, not the shortest
8.Drive at the maximum speed that the road conditions allow.
9
9.Check the weather forecast
10.Check the location of public telephones coin/card operated
11.Recovery service telephone numbers
12.Try to Recce the route at a similar time and day to when
the actual journey is proposed
13.Low profile – covert always
14.Car windows must not be opened more than one inch
15.Ensure that vehicle doors are locked at all times
10
Route Checklist:
1.Date and time route will be travelled
2. Distance to be covered
3. Driving time based on advance team travelling the route.
4.Mark factories, offices, schools and other buildings that
increase traffic at certain times during the day
5. Locations of police stations
6. Locations of hospitals with emergency centres.
11
7. Locations of overpasses
8. Locations of bridges
9. Locations of tunnels
10. Points where road construction may cause slowdowns
11. Other traffic choke points
12. If an official motorcade, note whether police can control
traffic lights to speed progress.
12
13.Note any parades or other events scheduled that will
affect traffic
14. One-way streets and the direction of their flow
15. Wooded areas including parks
16.Buildings that offer particularly good shooting positions
for snipers
17.Mark particularly dangerous sites for a command
detonated explosive device
18. Pedestrian areas, especially where crowds are likely
19. Communication dead zones.
13
20.Areas where loud noises may occur, especially if they
could be mistaken for gunfire or explosions
21. Note potential alternate routes at critical points
22. Note speed limits
23.Will a local Police Officer or Officers be assigned to a
motorcade?
24. How many cars will comprise the VIP motorcade?
25. Are several cars of the same type available?
26. Mark entrance to be used at destination.
14
If a map generation program is used or an overlay added to
a standard street map, it might be useful to colour-code the
route, alternate routes and other key features
NB:
A route checklist is most effective if it is prepared in
conjunction with a map upon which features may be
marked. Computer programs now allow the generation of
maps, to which comments, alternate routes and potential
problem areas may be added.
15
THE LINEAR ROUTE RECCE CARD
Venue on left –
Dobbins Bar
Antrim Hospital – 2.5km
Antrim Police Station – 2km
2nd exit
Straight over at traffic lights
Delta 3
Turn turn at lights –
8.2km 2nd exit
Glengormly junction
2nd exit
High Ground – 3.6 – 3.9km Delta 2 – Cottage
16
Venu
e
Residence
VENUE: POINTS TO CONSIDER
1. What security is in place at the venue, if any?
2. Is the venue overlooked by other buildings or connected to
another building
3. Establish safest location for embus/debus points.
4. Establish fire muster points/escape routes and location of
extinguishers
5. Arrange secure area for parking vehicles.
6. Scrutinize any guest list
7. Draw plan of building, including all entrances and exits.
8. Principal seating must be in a safe position: away from
windows, exits and toilets
9. Check communications when inside venue.
10. What bomb threat procedure is in place?.
17
CLOSE PROTECTION – ORDERS FOR A
RECONNAISSANCE
It is the responsibility of the Close Protection T L to ensure
that whoever is nominated to carry out the reconnaissance
completes the report in accordance with this checklist and
attaches any relevant imagery sketches, diagrams and voice
or video recordings. (Do not video any military establishments
under any circumstances). These can be used by the Team
Leader when planning his operations
Comprehensive information should be obtained with
regard to the following:.
18
The Site / Venue
1.Full address
2.Map reference
3.GPS Reading
4.Any relevant Phone numbers
Function:
1.Location
2.Security
3.Contact Telephone number.
19
Arrival
20
1.Exact arrival point
2.Alternatives
3.Timings
4.Who met by
Physical Layout of Site/Building
1.All entrances and exits
2.Number of floors
3.Stairways
4.Lifts (including capacity & service details)
5.Any particular vulnerable points or open doors etc.
6.Can easy access be gained from the roof area? Can ahelicopter land on it?.
21
Vehicle Parking
1.Locate car park
2.What security is present?
3.Are there V.I.P parking areas and are they secure
4.What facilities for drivers
Client facilities
What facilities are available for the Client, e.g. Private room, washing
area?
Client Routes within the Building
1.Exact route
2.Alternatives
3.Rooms/areas to be secured on route if any.
Refreshments
1.Will the Client be eating and drinking on site?
2.Food preparation area
3.Arrangements for Close Protection Operatives and
security detail
4.Timings
Media
1.Will the TV or press be present?
2.Are there any access limits?
3.Obtain samples of any IDs that may be used.
22
Details of Other Persons To Be Present On Site/Function
1.Any other Close Protection Teams?
2.Police/Security
3.Guest List.
23
Security Liaison
1.Who is in charge?
2.Is there any military present?
3.Will they co-operate with you?
4.Bomb and UXO searches
5.Contact details of the security team commander
e.g.Telephone/Fax/Radio
6.Radio frequencies
7.I.D Badges/Passes.
24
Medical Arrangements
1.Address and phone numbers of the nearest medical
facility, Hospital, Military Base, Team medic required.
2.Will a doctor be on site
3.Any first aid equipment on site.
25
Emergency Evacuation and RVs
1.Primary routes out
2.Secondary routes out
3.Allocate an emergency RV
4.Allocate Safe havens in or around the area
Fire plan
1.Locate all fire exits
2.Extinguishers/location and type
3. Check Any alarm system
4.Location of nearest fire station.
26
Specialist Needs
1.Will we need any special equipment, e.g. torches, search
equipment etc
2.Is there a planned programme of events? Timings etc
available
3.Profile: High or Low
Communications
1.Details of all forms of communications to be used, i.e.
Telephone/Sat phone/fax/e-mail/ radio channels / hand
signals.
2.Test Radio. “Dead Spots”.
27
Overnight Stay in a Hotel
1.Contact Manger/booking office, make booking etc
2.Liaise with Hotel security
3.Select rooms to be used if possible
4.Arrange for any searches EOD etc
5.Select Operations room and rest room
6.Description and physical Layout of Hotel as outlined
above, i.e. entrances, exits, parking etc
7.What key security systems are in use, key access?.
28
8. Check for underground shelter
9. Nearest medical facility
10. Escape routes and RV points
11. Ideal security locations for your Residence Security
teams
12. Weapons storage and rules within the hotel
13. Is an Elevator override system in place to enable VIP’s
to bypass all other floors?.
29
PUBLIC ACCESS AREAS
30
Public Functions
When a Principal attends a function for which publicity has been given in
advance that they are at risk. When crossing pavements, to enter
buildings from cars, they are particularly vulnerable. Most assassinations
have been carried out at a range of less than 10 feet with a hand
weapon
Where possible, arrangements should be made for the public to be held
back by security at a safe distance on both sides of the Principal.
Coverage should be given to surrounding buildings and overlooking
windows
Public Meetings
Early liaison should be made with stewards responsible for order at such
meetings. Protection officers will need strategic positions whilst the
Principal is on the platform.
31
Restaurants
Restaurants are public places and planning must take account of
this in the following way:
1.Seating arrangements should be made in advance, to afford
where possible a commanding view of the restaurant and doors
2.CPO’s eating should stay one course ahead of the Principal,
arranging to finish before him and settling the bill in good time;
consideration should be given to using credit or charge cards
3.Officers should not sit at the Principal’s table unless invited to do
so
4.No Close Protection Officer carrying a loaded firearm (outside
the UK) will not drink alcohol.
Dinners
It is usual to make arrangements with organisers for the
Close Protection Officer(s) to be seated near the Principal,
in a position to observe the doors and windows
32
Shops and Department Stores
Plans for visits to shops and department stores for private
shopping purposes should be based on the following:
1.No prior warning of a visit if possible
2.Close Protection Officers should stay as close as possible
to the Principal at counters, in lifts, and in crowded areas
3.Prior notice to security staff should only be given if they
can be trusted and are unlikely to seek publicity from the
visit.
33
Theatres and Cinemas, etc
Private or public visits to places of entertainment, where the
Client will be seated in an audience, require special
planning. Arrangements should be made to sit behind the
Principal, and at the end of the row in which the Principal is
seated. If drinks are required in the interval, arrangements
should be made beforehand and if possible arrange for a
private room. All Close Protection Officers must carry
torches.
34
WHAT THEY “NEED TO KNOW”
Building Security
The Principals of searching apply to all building security. Ensure that all
persons involved in the protection are properly briefed
Clients Home
Where security is required at the home of the Principal, check occupants
of neighbouring houses, unoccupied premises and those under repair,
giving a view of the Principal’s house and garden. Note access points to
the home and its alarm system and ensure street lighting is maintained
or altered as appropriate
Become acquainted with all persons who call or work at the home,
e.g. cleaners, milkman, postman, etc. Is the Client aware of the
procedures for dealing with suspicious mail or deliveries?
35
Clients Office
Make sure you have excellent liaison with security officers,
telephonists, receptionists and key personnel. Ensure proper
arrangements for checking post, handling telephone calls and
instructions to staff in emergency telephone procedures
Get plans and become familiar with the layout of the building.
Install a silent alarm between the Secretary and the VIP. Ensure
Embus & Debus points are not looked down on and vehicles are
to be secured or garaged
Security of Information: -
“All information regarding protection, particularly threat
intelligence, should be secure”.
36
THE SECURITY ADVANCE PARTY (SAP)
The Security Advance Party (SAP) may find themselves
working months in advance of the Principal’s visit, scouting
for the most secure hotels or houses to rent, planning routes
and gathering local intelligence
They may also find themselves just a few minutes ahead of
the Principal, checking routes to the Principal’s destination
and giving the BG real time traffic reports. They might then
carry out covert searches and ‘quick looks’ of the venue,
ensuring that all is OK before the Principal arrives.
37
The SAP need to be experts at maintaining a low profile, as
their position frequently demands it. They need to be skilled
in anti-surveillance techniques because if they are followed,
this will give vital information to the terrorist or criminal about
the Principal’s planned movements
They should be trained in building search techniques and be
able to do this quickly and effectively, both overtly and
covertly. The skill of discretely checking out a venue, like a
restaurant or bar, without letting anyone know what you are
up to, while knowing that you haven’t been followed, takes
considerable skill, experience and no little confidence.
38
39
They need to have excellent communication and navigational skills as
they may often have to liaise with others, such as hotel security or the
police, whilst also having the ability to change route and navigate at a
moment’s notice. They must keep completely up to date with the current
Threat Assessment as this will dictate the type of ‘Advance’work they
carry out
Playing Leapfrog
The SAP will often travel the same route as the Principal and will
therefore need to be extremely vigilant on route with regard to
surveillance. Should an enemy recognise them for what they are, they
could compromise the route or the venue
Incidentally, it is easier than you may think to identify a SAP or security
team if you know what you are looking for. Just try walking around
Harrods and marvel at the amount of CP Teams walking around trying
not to look obvious and you will see what I
mean!
Time and Route Travelled
Route recce’s and time are of major importance. They must leave
enough time to be able to check the route and search the venue
before the Principal arrives. It is better to be early than late, but
not too early as it is best to travel the route as close as possible to
the one travelled by the Principal so you can pass on any
concerns to the BG such as any new Vulnerable Points (VP’s)
Action on Route
While carrying out anti-surveillance drills, you must also be
monitoring the route for problems that may befall the Principal, i.e.
Choke-Points caused by; traffic accidents, which cause tailbacks,
road works, and the sort of things that were not there when the
recce was done which constitute a Vulnerable Point (VP). You
must also remember that you should continually look for
suspicious persons or vehicles. Anything noted must be relayed
back to the BG or your Team Leader.
“IF IN DOUBT CALL IT IN”
Action at a Venue
At the venue, you are still as covert as possible so as not to
draw undue attention to yourself or tip off an observer that
your VIP is arriving. A thorough check of the outside of the
venue is the first priority. Suspect packages, parked cars and
snipe points must be all considered
If you are not being covert and are carrying out thorough,
overtly searches such as you might for your Principal’s
business Annual General Meeting (AGM), or you are working
at a property in which you are known, or owned by your
Principal, etc., then the searches are going to be carried out
in much more detail than is possible when you are covert.
Searching inside the venue has to be methodical and a
system set up to ensure that all areas are searched and no
areas missed. Do not search just the rooms that the Principal
will visit as a bomb in a basement or a room above will still
kill or cause mayhem. Use the RAG system (explained
shortly), and don’t forget that it’s not just bombs you are
looking for! There may be people who want to bug rooms to
listen to everything said, such as the press or commercial
competitors
If the threat dictates that your Principal may be subject to an
attack using explosives then you must consider using a well
trained sniffer dog with a good handler. This is explained
further in the Search Procedures chapter.
When the search is finished
Once you have searched a room, you must ensure that it stays
clear, so either lock it or have someone guard it. If, after you have
searched a room, you are asked by the police, security, or
organisers whether the room is clear, DO NOT SAY YES
Never make such a bold statement such as ‘This room is clear’.
You just state that you have ‘SEARCHED AND FOUND
NOTHING’
Should anything suspicious arouse your attention, your first action
should be to look after your own safety. Carry out the 4C’s
(explained in Search Procedures chapter). The last thing you need
is for the Principal to arrive among the mayhem, so you should inform the
BG or TL ASAP.
Further duties of the SAP
The SAP will generally stay in position until the VIP arrives.
Then, depending on the brief, they may stay and provide
perimeter security, backing up the PES, or they may have to
get to the next venue of the VIP to start the whole process
again!.
SECURITY ADVANCE PARTY (S.A.P) CHECK LIST
Preliminary Sight Survey
1.Name and address of location
2.Exact arrival point of Principal
3.Who will be there to meet the Principal and escort him/her
throughout the visit and where will they meet the
Principal?
4.Where will the Principal go on entering the building?
5.How many floors have the building?.
6.Is there a lift and who services it?
7.Number of rooms to be secured on Principals route
8.How many people will the room hold for an event?
9.Where is the nearest rest room for the Principal?
10.Where are the nearest toilets male & female?
11.Where is the nearest phone for the Principal?.
12. What fire precautions exist? Location of fire
extinguishers, fire escape? Is there a fire alarm system in
the building and where are the nearest fire station and its
phone no?
13.Is there a doctor at the venue and what is his name?
14. Where are the nearest hospital and its phone no?
15.Where is the nearest police station and its phone
number
16. What is the primary and secondary evacuation route?
17. What is the full duration of their visit?.
18.Other security agencies in the area to provide these
services
19. Other escort sections
20. Will there be press coverage?
21. Where will the vehicles be parked
22. Total mileage
23. Communication black spots.
Movement by train and plane
1.Secure areas for press and public
2.Arrange aircraft security and refuelling area
3.Select Parking area for Principal
4.Brief emergency services and departments
5.Meet with manager of terminal
6.Additional information
7.Passport/visa
8.Booking in area
9.Baggage.
Planning considerations for movement on foot
1.Is the movement formal or informal
2.Is the route or time predictable
3.Is the route the shortest possible
4.Does it provide minimum exposure
5.Is there an alternative route available
6.What are the danger areas
7.What is the best evacuation route.
8.Is there a safe or secure area available
9.Where is the nearest medical point and shortest route
10. Are there any physical hazards such as bad footing or
places under construction
11. What support is required/available from other services
12. Are extra personnel required for crowd control
13.Possibly place security personnel strategically along the
route S.A.P Team.
Equipment
1.Maps & photographs
2.I.D Cards / Pen & paper
3.Head torch / Stopwatch / Binoculars
4.Camera / Tape recorder
The SAP team need to keep themselves on top of the Threat Assessments
so that they know what they are looking for. They should always strive to be
low profile and be able to blend into most places. They should also be
skilled in both overt and covert search techniques
The SAP duties are extremely important to any operation, even though
many feel that the job lacks the ‘glamour ’ of the BG or PES. However, it
cannot be stressed enough that a vigilant SAP could easily save the life of
the VIP. And anyway, if a CPO is in the job for the glamour, then he is in the
wrong business!.
COVERT AND OVERT RECONNAISSANCE
COVERT
Covert reconnaissance is conducted when the treat is high
and the profile is low i.e. undercover filming
No one needs to know of the pending visit and all details are
recorded covertly there are inherent problems with this that
you will gain limited information due to the fact that you
cannot meet with security staff, Hotel managers, to ascertain
what security measures they have in place.
OVERT
Overt reconnaissance is conducted at high profile venues
such as the Oscars or when your Principal would like to
inform everyone of his pending visit. You are able to meet
with all other CP teams and security officers and ask
questions with regard to your Principal’s protection during
any visit
NB: Students will all conduct both Covert and Overt Route
and Venue Recce’s and produce reports accordingly.