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PEbLCCXKM XOE HELH, PEvEPtK(: XOE LKbEsXfPs ct5

Brceprkk 0Peblccdkm toe Helh, Peverdkm toe Lkbestfrs7

Auctdpce Ifras fi Lkbestfrsodpdk Rlrd`ls D`lk RfbdetyBDiidrh Rltoer

OE RLPD@LR D@LK E_pPEss XOErP reverekbe ifr toe lkbestfrs dkvlrdfus wlys, rlkmdkm irfa sdapce ilradkm prlyers tf algfr rdtulciestdvlcs dk wodbo toe spdrdts fi toe helh lre reblcceh tf toe cdvdkm

wfrch. Cekmtoy mekelcfmdes bfkkebt toe lkbestfrs, kft fkcy tf toedr cdvdkmhesbekhlkts, `ut tf toe mfhs lkh spdrdt-oerfes ls wecc, wodce actos brehdttoea, ls l bfksequekbe, wdto toe breltdfk fi algfr sfbdlc dkstdtutdfks.

Xoe purpfse fi tods bolpter ds tf bfksdher toe vlrdeh wlys dk wodbolkbestfrsodp ds alkdiesteh dk Rlrd`ls D`lk sfbdety. Aubo fi tods vlrdltdfk,D lrmue oere, ds cdkjeh tf toe bfapcex alkker dk wodbo helto ds pclyeh futdk Rlrd`ls iukerlry rdtulcs.c ]dtodk toese rdtulcs, ls D olve kfteh ecsewoere(Rltoer 0>>2`), helto tljes toe ifra fi l trlksifraltdfklc prfbess dkwodbo hdiierekt lspebts fi toe seci lre sldh tf experdekbe toe bfkhdtdfksfi helto dk hdiierekt wlys, lkh sf, dk prlbtdbe, lre alhe, sequektdlccy, toeifbus fi seplrlte rdtulcs. Ls l prfbess, helto ds lcsf seek ls fktfcfmdbdrccydkseplrl`ce irfa cdie. Oekbe toe 'sfucs' (seaekmlt) fi toe helh ukhermflk evektulc trlksu`stlktdltdfk torfumo wodbo toey `ebfae re-ea`fhdehls rdbe lkh sf lre lssfbdlteh, uctdaltecy, wdto toe mdit fi susteklkbe lkhfi oualk cdie dtseci. Fk toe ftoer olkh, dk helto, lk dkhdvdhulc ds lcsfsldh tf `ebfae l'spdrdt (lktu), wodbo dk tdae ukhermfes lk eyek afrebfapcex trlksifraltdfk. Dhektdideh lt idrst wdto toe bfrpse, tods spdrdt`ebfaes dkbrelsdkmcy dkvdsd`ce lkh wdtohrlwk irfa toe alterdlc wfrch,uktdc, hurdkm toe bucadkltdkm rdtes fitoe iukerlry prfbess, dt ds teapfrlrdcyreblcceh, tfmetoer wdto toe spdrdts fi lk ektdre mekerltdfklc bfofrt fi toe

helh, `lbj tf toe prdkbdplc sdte fi dts ifraer exdstekbe, toe cfkmofusefi dts cdvdkm hesbekhlkts. Oere, torfumo l hdspcly fi rklterdlc d`.yebrsevfjdkm dts ifraer presekbe, toese spdrdts fi toe afst rebekt cfkmofusehelh plrtdbdplte dk l rdtulc exbolkme `y wodbo toey rekew lkh stredmtoektoe cdves fi toe cdvdkm wodce toey toeasecves uk.c".mf u idklc trl,rsdtdfr,,soehhdkm toe clst trlbes fitoedr ifraer alterdlcdry tf `ebfae `ekevfcekt,ftoerwfrchcy lkbestfrs. Irfa wolt ds kfw l relca fi toedr fwk, reafveh`fto spltdlccy lkh vdsulccy irfa toe cdvdkm wfrch, toey oekbeifrto pcly lrfce dk.toe cdves fitoe cdvdkm lklcfmfus tf lkh uctdaltecy aermdkm wdto toltfi to.e'mf h,s' (p e tlrl).D`lk sfbdety wls dk toe plst, lrch realdks tfhly, lt fkbe `fto emlcdtlrdlklkh dkteksedy bfapetdtdye. Helto dk tods bfkkebtdfk reverses l `lsdcpreadsefi toe Rlrd`ls D`lk kfraltdve frher, klaecy, tolt lt `drto elbo persfk ds, `y`lsdb ektdtceaekt, `fto tqulc' (srzrzl) lkh ocdje' (se`ljl). Heltordtulcs, `ybfktrlst, dkstlktdlte sfbdlc lkh spdrdtulc hdiierektdltdfk. Xofse wof ildc dkcdie`yhydkmprealturecy,fr`ysuiierdkm.dccViltehheltos,(`usfkmaltd),lreprebcuheh irfa rdtulc reblcc lkh sf, dk tods sekse, lre he`lrreh"liter deltoirfa lbodevdkm iucc lkbestfrsodp. Dkheeh, toey aly `ebfke l tektpfrlrysfurbe fi tods,wfrchcy hlkmer. Fk toe ftoer olkh, tofse wof subbegeh dkcdie lre aeafrdlcdzeh wdto spebdlc ofkfrs lkh sf sebure i`r toeasecves lpclbe fieadkekbe `fto dk toe oereliter lkh dk tctds wfrch dk toe frlc mekelcfVmdes preserveh `y toedr cdvdkm hesbekhlkts. Oekbe, toedr persfklc dbodeve,aekts cdve fk dk `fto tods wfrch lkh toe kext. Dk lhhdtdfk, sfae persfks,dk `ebfk.rdkm lkbestfrs, ecebt tf returk tf toe cdydkm wfrch ls toe dersfklcspdrdt'mulrhdlks (tll') fi espebdlccy ilvfreh hesbekhlkts. Dk hfdkm sf, toeylre `ecdeveh tf lbt dct rvlys tolt serve tf perpetulte dktermekerltdfklc subbesslcfkm plrtdbuclr iladcy Ddkes. Idklccy, tofse wof lbodeve-sdkmuclr rekfwk dkcdc'b k.rl

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Dc9 Brtrrfrp R,rrurpXoe Rlrd`ls D`lk

'c>2,58>, fr gustfver l qurrter fi roe stlte's pfpucltdfk (Rltoer 0>>87 902).0 Xoe plrtdbucrrbfccrk yelrs toe remdfk ols experdekbeh bfksdherl`ce futVadmrltdfklkh Cfhly alky Rlrd`ls c`lk lre lcsf presekt ecsewoere, plrtdbucdrrcy dktfwks lkh ur`lk lrels. Afst fi rky f`servltdfks bfae irfa toe upper^lju trd`utlry fi toe aldk Rlrd`ls Pdver woere D olve blrrdeh fut idecbcwfrjdkteradttektcy irfa

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Bcrrrfkf Rcrsuttoe yfukm lkh toedr cdvdkm mrlkhplrekts sofuch lppcy ls wecc tf tofse`etweek toe cdvdkm lkh toedr hebelseh ifre`elrs. Ofwever, lt lkftoer cevec,helto, lswe solcc see, dkdtdltes l algfr trlksifraltdfk fitoese recltdfksodps.

Xous, ls ]lhcey ( Dk ftoer cfktexds, ofwever, toelkbestfrs.preservh toedr dkhdvdhulcdty, lkh, dk toe very prfbess fi`ebfarkmpetlrl, totd htiierbktdltdkm lttrd`utes lkh tods-wfrchcy lbodeveaekts lre, lswe solcc see, `fto bece`rlteh lkh dksbrd`eh dk aeafry.]odce toe teras qktu lkh. petlrl aly `e useh dkterbolkmel`Gy, toereds lcsf drrr dapfrtlkt hdiierekbe. Lcc lril, dkbcuhdk m tc"te ldtu Re`l8fk,olve l pfrektdlc ifr alcevfcekbe, tolt ds tf sly, lre bcpl`c", toe D`lk sly,fi Ufdkm olra' (kmllu), woerels toe petlrl, `y bfktrlst, tlkkft `ut `emffh' (petlru tlhld ekhl' tkklo bc Alsdkm

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BCXXI4PH RLXOEPtff, tf toedr lcvk spebdlc hfrkldHs drt toe `frhers fise`lylk,.ckh sf belsetf exdst dk toe cdvdkm wfrch.cc

Xoere lre, ofwever, twf bfaplrltdvecy rlre exbeptdfks. Xoe idrst fi tdresblre toe spdrdts fZ ^m>

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Br.rIIfPH RLXOEP'realdk lcdve' (`ehlu dhup). Lt helto, ofwever, dt celves toe `fhy, uktdc tcrbkdts prdkbdplc bfktldker, lkh gfurkeys tf Re`lylk.>

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>2`7

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BCt IfPH RLXOEPstltus, lme, lkh mekher. Ls dk lcc trlhdtdfklc m8r,lds, oualk ofsts lkh muestslssuae toe bereafkdlc rfces fitoe spdrdt-oerfes lkh mfhs, tous rebreltdkm dktoedr seltdkm lkh futwlrh `eolvdfr l kuadkfus wfrch fidhelcdzeh oderlrboytolt bolrlbterdzes kft fkcy toe relcas fitoe mfhs lkh spdrdt-oerfes, `ut lcsftoe Re`lylk literwfrch (bi. Rltoer >5709)tf toe D`lk 'Xree fi Cdiec' toe Plkyld mrfws, plrlhfxdblccy, kft dk toe cdvdHmwfrc8 `ut dk Re`lylk, woere dts irudts blk fkcy `e bfccebteh `y toe helh. Ceit`eodkh ifr toedr ofsts, toese irudts, ls mdits irfa toe helh, `ebfae l ifkt fcalterdlc prfsperdty, oelcdkm, lkh cdie-rekewlc, reliidradrrm, fkbe lmldZ, toedkterhepekhekbe ficdie lkh helto.

PEBLCD,DKM XOE HELH, PEYEPDKb XOE LKbEsXfPs

]dto toe heplrture fi to helh irfa Re`lylk, roe `lrhs, stdcc sdkmdkm,Delve roe tuld mlwld's lplrtaekr lkh ekter ,o:'::dcy. :":"7'"7,dc:,.rr.trfa fke iladcy's sebtdfk tf toe kls roey trlver,",k,, *",rg lGid 7ccidccX,cd c777"[7< "r,k.,.c,''fblrrdes l hrgkjdkm b"p >.,/",::: ::::,," "6rdto fP`rdkms, rdbe wdke, bfbjidmots, lkh r."m, fi pr",r".'f, ,d,. >","d .*klrh, ls oe idkdsoes sdkmdkm, olkhs ods b kp fi ld,glcfkm rf lk echercy wfalkwof sdts ilbdkm fke fitoewlrrdfrs lroek presekts oer bup, wodbo ,k. *7tgX-t77Q7ctctoe cfkmofu-se mlccerv. soewdto doe tdp fi ods s#:, ::dc:7t'tfr rebedves' lkh' liter idrst bcelrdkm dtXoe kext set fi hrdkjers ,o"k f,"k *ttk u tfuh wlr bry.09ds l pf d ?rr l,t Vf.*k,'", cd :dccc'GZr7dc|ii 77dic_,7"7,X7 dd7:cc ,t .,76 " tdae fi oedmotekeg hlkmer. @y dkvdtdkm roe helh hdreb{cy dktfoe pu`tdb lrels fi toe tfkmofuse, doe Ml*ld frc6 ',.rf".rr'f',

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>2`7 029). Liter hrdkjdkmrepeltehcy, toe wlrrdfrs vfadt.

^eter Atblct, dk lk essly ektdtceh "Xoe wdke fi toe bfrpse" (

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BCDIIfPH RLXOEP

oe teras dt, tolk dt ds l`fut toe trlksifraltdfk fitoe helh dktf iuture pei>c8'ii::::t::::::f rdbe wdkes tolt lre bfksuaeh hurdkm toe Mlwld Ltttu'"", .t-ttt ."., "t *"tblci drkpcdes' lkh `fto lre bcfsecy lssfbddrteh rvdto toeF."d. tdGF*,, tkt "d'glcfkm' ds blrrdeh `y coe `lrhs ls toey ekrbt tcte gfurkey:: ::::: dc *f,rl, "*r"r" toe sebfkh' toe ld' mlrfks' ds pclbeh dksdheiid dcd'7"7':7c 7>8) ols sofwk ofw,dk Rlhlk Xfrlgl sfbdety' oderlrbodblccy rlkjeh "I Ft 7c[tQ77c.tt" ("">'-t'.""t-.".tt "dd ttlvesg lre elbo `ecdeveh tf olve `eek brelteh dtr l hdiierekcalkker lkh tolt tottt hdiit"ki"' ut" "lbtulteh' dk iukerlry rdtulcs torfumcr"*t""d*".*"t' kese rdtulcs' afrefver' aubo cdje toe c`lS Mlwld Ltct'

dc::dc:" .xperdektdlc hdstlkbe tolt seplrltes toe cdvdkm.irfkr toebtelh sf tolt, toe Xfrlgl sly' toe cdvdke blk "todkj lkh ieec toe hesdres fZ toe7d:7ddMdc.d, 0>'>8' g?2`7

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Xoe Rlrd`ls D`lk jeep cekmtoy frlc mekelcfmdes, blcceh ilsli, fi upwlrhstf 2> fr afre mekerltdfks (Rltoer

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t29 BCXIIfPH RLXOEP

Idmure 0.8. Ydsdtdk? toe beaetery (lt @ltu Lkbolu, Ucu oju, Rlrd`ls) .rkh aljdkmfiierdkms tf toe helh hurdkm Blwld H)ylj,D Guke

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BCXIIfPH RLXOEP

Idmur 0.5. Brlves fi toe clst twf wlr bodeis fi toe ^lju c`lk, Cdkmmdr Arcc te`u ("Xoetkddkbd`ce") lfh ^ekmoucu Blrrlk Kfte tcce teradte afukhs (wdto blkhces fk tfp)fver elbo mrlve dkhdb-ltdkm toe lsbekhdkm welcto lkh dkicuekbe df `e ekdfyeh dk iuturemekerltdfkd `y toedr hesb:khlkts. @fto aek lcsf `eblae wecc jkfwk Rulrhdlk spdrdts(tul'). @ltu Lkbolu beaetery, Ucu ^lju, Guke D4W@.

`eifre oe `eblae lwlre fi tods ifra fi lkbestrlc spdrdt-mulrhdlksod^' Evektoek, lt toe `emdkkdkm fitoe twektdeto bektury, oe estdalteh tolt fkcy l`futfke c`lk dk l oukhreh wls ldheh `y wolt oe blcceh, trlkscltdemlictu kmlrfkm'l "sebret oecper" (

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BCrrrfkf R,q.rcrekKftes

D 'coere lre lcsf ftoer wlys dk wodbo tods vlrdltdfk aly `e ukherstffh. ccr tcrdsvfcuae, Yrfkdque @muet, ifr exlapce, lpprflboes D`lk lkbestrlcdty torfumobfskfcfmy, lrmudkm tolt toe lkbestfrs dk toedr vlrdfus trlksifrkrltdfks aehdttbrecltdfks `etweek toe c`lk lkh toe klturlc wfrch. Dk tods remlrh, oer hdsbusscfkuseiuccy bfapceaekts toe lrmuaec>, toe aldfrdty dkol`dtdkm l remdfk lcfkm toe Rlrlwlj `frher jkfrvk (dk c`dk)ls toe Eaperlk (see ]lhcey >> D`lk lre presbkt dk@ruked Hlrus$lcka lkh l iurtoer 9-=,>>> dk Rl`ro (Rrtoer 0>>87 902).2 Ifr l afre hetldceh lbbfukt fi ay cdechwfrj lkh lhhdtdfklc `lbjmrfukh dkidtt-altdfk fk toe Rkrd`rs remdfk, see Rltoer (0>>t7 07 xvddd) vdew tolt kfwoere dk toe Lustrfkesdlk wfrch ds toe wfrsodpfilkbestfrs h recdmdfk dk dtsecdcc ccredr litercdi` exdstekbe, wodce ukekvdl`ce, lkh bertldkcy kft l hesdrl`ce ilte, dskfketoecess l sfbdlccy ekmlmeh fke. Xoedr spdrdts cdve, ls l bfaaukdty, wdto tofsefi ftoers wof hdeh l sdadclr helto, lkh oere, dk toedr spebdlc hfaldks, toec lrevdsdteh hurdkm toe sdkmdkm fi toe rlrl& `y toe sfucs fitoe frhdklry helh ls toe clttergfurkey tf Re`lylk,

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BCXXIfPH RLXOEP cCrdblCCDKM tOE HELH, PEYEPXKM XOE LKbERXfPs yhrm reiers spebd9blccy tf toe spd.dt-mudhes firdtulc spebdlcdsts, d.e., solalHs(rrlrrlrrm) lkh prdest `lrhs (ceala`lkm) lkh ds hdstdkmr,rdsoeh irfrk tuk', toeRubrhddck'spdrdts tolt lssdst ftoers dk toe pursudt fitods wfrcbccy subbess.0c Rdkbe cky dkdtdlc idedhwfrj dk toe s, kclky Bordstdcrk t'l dcdes olve repclbehtoe sdkmdcrm fitoe rrrrhc3 wdto l sdapce Bordstdlk servdbe.00 ]dtofut perifradkm toe ,eserrrl' `ukmld, toe h.elh, dt ds sldh, aly bfutdkue tfexert lk ukoelcccry ofch fvbr toedr cdvdkm jdk, blusdkm toeH dcckess fr wlstdHm iladcyresfurbes. Bfksequektcy, sofuch survdvfrs ilcc dcc fr suiier l reverse fiifrtukes, toe`eserbrf' `ukmld rkly lcsf `e oech, seplrlte irfa toe iukerlry bybce, ls l burdkmrdtulc (see Rltoer |. 205-209S.02 Kfte tolt hurdkm toe Mlwld Lktu, toe spdrdts fi toe helh `emdk toedr kdmotcyvdsdts cf toe cfkmofuse wecc `eifre togs ifralc dHvfbltgfrc fbburs,08 Xoe cltter ds sldh tf crlve tlumot toe lkbestfrs ofw tf perifra toe Ml )ld L tu.05 Xoere ds, dk ilbt, sftke la`dmudty l`fut toe klture lkh prebdse cfbdrtdfk fi toePlrchd (see Rltobr 0>>2`7

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Bcrrrfkf R.b.rOekAercelu-^fkty, Alutdbe.>8. pukdtdve Expehdtdfks lkh Hdvdke Pevekme7 Frlc lkh BfcfkdlcOdstfrdes fiPe`eccdfk lkh plbdidbltdfk dH ]esterk @frkef,i@?9V9-929.].ccersfk, c{fSGkr. D4m8. X.rjdkm toe pc.rbe fctoe Lkbestfrs7 Ecokgr Dhekrdt} rk clkli`rlgl dk toe t44>s.ck Pdtulc lkh @ecdei lafkm ,k, RfLf, ifrfcf, irf Rru,l_r.

Dd

rddc7dc

cd

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>4. ^ltos lkh Pd cers7 Rlllo Xfrlgl Rfbdety do 'cdlosGfttuctdfid,Cedhek7 JDXCY ^ress.

]edkstfbj, Gfsepo.