RD-RIBS 166 RIRLANO BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT (ALDE) AND TACTICAL InIDECISION AID (TOA) DEMONSTRATION PROORAN(U) ARMYENGINEER TOPOGRAPHIC LABS FORT BELVOIR YR

UNCASSFIE M TLSO ETAL.15OCT 87 ETL-R-li± F/0 15/6 N

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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHARTNATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 963-A

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UNCLASS IFIED ffjCURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THiS PAGE 0I5U If IoE Ao

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la. REPORT SECURITY C, RESTRICTIVE MARKINGSUNCLASSIFIED AD-A 188 166

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11. TITLE (Include Security Classification)AIRLAND BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT (ALBE) AND TACTICAL DECISION AID (TDA) DEMONSTRATIONPROGRAM

12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)MICHAEL J. TOLSON AND PENNY R. CAPPS

t3a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) IS. PAGE COUNTTECHNICAL I FROM TO 15 OCT 87 I

16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP terrain and weather

battlefield environmental effectsTactical Decision Aid (TDA)

1. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number)'joerrain and weather affect combat operations more significantly than any other physicalfactors on the battlefield. Historically, field commanders have not had the capability tofully exploit battlefield environmental effects for tactical advantage. The Corps ofEngineers has initiated the ABLE program to develop and evaluate Tactical Decision Aid (TDAsoftware and products. The TDA's when implemented on developmental systems, will providethe Army with an operational capability to assess and exploit battlefield environmentaleffects as a force multiplier in combat operations. A Government-developed GeographicInformation System (GIS) will provide the databases that the TDA software will access togenerate products. A development strategy has been devised that involves assembling anALBE Testbed, installing the GIS and TDA software, conducting field demonstrations andevaluations, and transferring the TDA software to various target systems currently in thelife cycle development process. This innovative approach will facilitate fielding of ALBEsoftware and products, and will provide battlefield commanders and their staff with theability to better exloit the combined effects of terrain and environment in the decision--,

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AIRLAND B&TITLEFIEL ENVIRONMENT (ALBE)TACTICAL DECISION AID (TDA)

DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM

Michael J. Tolsonand

Penny R. CappsU.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories

Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060-5546

ABSTRACT

Terrain and weather affect combat operations more significantlythan any other physical factors on the battlefield.Historically, field commanders have not had the capability tofully exploit battlefield environmental effects for tacticaladvantage. The Corps of Engineers has initiated the ALBE programto develop and evaluate Tactical Decision Aid (TDA) software- andproducts. The TDA's, when implemented on developmental systems,will provide the Army with an operational capability to assessand exploit battlefield environmental effects as a forcemultiplier in combat operations. A government-developedGeographic Information System (GIS) will provide the databasesthat the TDA software will access to generate products. Adevelopment strategy has been devised that involves assembling anALBE Testbed, installing the GIS and TDA software, conductingfield demonstrations and evaluations, and transferring the TDAsoftware to various target systems currently in the life cycledevelopment process. This innovative approach will facilitatefielding of ALBE software and products, and will providebattlefield commanders and their staff with the ability to betterexploit the combined effects of terrain and environment in thedecision-making process.

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AIRLAND BATTLEFIELD ENVIRONMENT (ALBE)TACTICAL DECISION AID (TDA)

DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM

Michael J. Tolsonand

Penny R. CappsU.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories

Fort Belvior, Virginia 22060-5546

INTRODUCTION

Terrain and weather environmental effects are arguably the mostsignificant and limiting factors for a commander in combatoperations. However, collection of this data is a slow process,and in most cases environmental intelligence products cannot begenerated with the speed needed to support continuous operations.Therefore, tactical decisions have to be made with limitedknowledge of the battlefield environment, even though suchfactors can be detrimental to the performance of today's hightechnology Army systems. In addressing this problem, the Army isinitiating development and fielding of advanced technologysystems such as the All Source Analysis System (ASAS), ManeuverControl System (MCS), Digital Topographic Support System (DTSS)and Integrated Meteorological System (IMETS). These systems willprovide the capability to acquire and process intelligence,maneuver, terrain and environmental information, respectively, inan efficient and timely manner. In addition, the Corps ofEngineers, tasked with providing a synergistic approach to theefficient assessment and exploitation of environmentalbattlefield effects, has instituted the AirLand BattlefieldEnvironment (ALBE) initiative.

ALBE will facilitate the acquisition, integration, assessment andexploitation of terrain, weather and other environmentalinformation through a government-owned Geographic InformationSystem (GIS). The GIS will provide for the implementation ofTactical Decision Aids (TDA's). Two major goals of the ALBEinitiative are:

Provide Army material acquisition, training and doctrineactivities with the capability of assessing and exploitingrealistic battlefield environmental effects.

Provide the Army in the field with the capability to assessand exploit battlefield environmental effects for tacticaladvantage.

This paper will address the ALBE TDA Technology Demonstrationprogram, one of the Army's top twenty technology demonstrations,and the GIS which provides the environment for generating theseTDA products. This program is designed to provide a mechanism

for demonstrating and evaluating TDA products developed under theCorps of Engineers' tech-base efforts and to facilitate transferof these products to Field Army systems. The TDA TechnologyDemonstration program will address goal two of the ALBEinitiative. The primary objectives of the program are:

Develop and refine GIS software to support TDA productgeneration.

Develop and refine TDA software and develop the methodologyto provide TDA software and products to Army operational units.

Demonstrate the use of advanced sensor systems forcollection of near-real-time battlefield environmental data anduse of the data in the generation of TDA products.

Obtain the test data necessary to support integration ofALBE TDA software and products on soon-to-be fielded Armysystems.

The development strategy for the TDA Technology Demonstrationprogram is to assemble an ALBE Testbed (ATB, which will be usedas the vehicle for conducting the ALBE Demonstrations, implementand integrate the TDA software into the ATB, conduct a series ofdemonstrations and evaluations to gather data and developmethodologies for transitioning the TDA products to Army fieldedsystems, and transfer of the TDA software to materiel developersof the Army fielded systems.

BACKGROUND

The ALBE TDA Technology Demonstration program is being conductedunder the auspices of the Corps of Engineers Directorate ofResearch and Development with the work being performedcooperatively by Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Army MaterielCommand (AMC) laboratories. Participating laboratories includethe Corps of Engineers'; Cold Regions Research and EngineeringLaboratory (CRREL), the Construction Engineering ResearchLaboratory (CERL), the Waterways Experiment Station (WES), andthe Engineer Topographic Laboratories; along with AMC'sAtmospheric Sciences Laboratory (ASL). The TRADOC proponent forthe ALBE Technology Demonstration program is the U.S. ArmyIntelligence School (UASICS). The Army Development andEmployment Agency (ADEA) will support the ALBE effort by:facilitating the coordination necessary to execute the fielddemonstrations and evaluations with the appropriate FORSCOM andTRADOC element, and assisting in the integration of ALBE softwareand products into the Army's SIGMA C I architecture. The U.S.Army 9th Infantry Division will also support the TDA TechnologyDemonstration program by providing troops to operate and evaluatethe ALBE software during Command Post Exercises and FieldTraining Exercises.

ALBE Testbed (ATS)

The ATB is designed for maximum flexibility (both hardware andsoftware) to satisfy TDA developer requirements and provide asuitable demonstration vehicle which can function in a realisticbattlefield environment. The ATB hardware consists of tworuggedized MicroVAX central processing units (CPUs). One CPUwill be dedicated to terrain applications while the other isdedicated to weather applications (Figures 1 and 2). Both unitsuse multiple hard disks, tape drives, graphic and alphanumericinput and output devices, and communication devices. The TerrainCPU will include an X/Y Digitizing input device and a CCD mappingCamera. The Weather CPU will include an environmental sensorsuite to detect surface and upper air meteorological data. BothCPUs will communicate with each other and with other relatedcomputer systems.

In addition to the GIS and TDA software, the ATB will consist of:operating system software (Virtual Memory System - MicroVMS)Data Base Management System (DBMS) software, GKS graphicslibraries and, user interface software. These components of theATB system software architecture will be integrated into acohesive software package in which TDA software exploitation ofterrain and weather data can occur. The ATB software will alsocontain language compilers for FORTRAN 77. PASCAL, C, and ADA.Figure 3 illustrates the software architecture.

The ATB will be installed into an Integrated Command Post (ICP)type shelters which are being mounted on Commercial Utility CargoVehicles (CUCVs) for transport during the ALBE demonstrations andevaluations. This configuration will be accomplished in October1987.

Acquisition and integration of the ATB hardware andimplementation of the system software is being accomplished undercontract by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL).

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

OVERVIEW

The ALBE Geographic Information System (GIS) consists of severalsoftware packages which enable an analyst to create, extract,store, manipulate, and display digital terrain data. This data,which can be displayed in hard and soft copy and raster andvector forms, is the basis for the production of TacticalDecision Aids.

The ALBE GIS consists of the following public domain software;the Analytical Mapping System (AMS) which allows for thedigitization of data, the Map Overlay Statistical System (MOSS)which offers statistical analysis of vector data, and the Map

Analysis and Processing Subsystem (MAPS) which allows for theconversion of vector to raster data and the subsequentstatistical analysis. In addition to the aforementioned basicsoftware, the GIS includes a map projection package which allowsthe user to select from twenty unique map projections.

ANS, MOSS, and MAPS have been in use with a variety of computersand operating systems and as a result there is widespreadknowledge, throughout the geographic information system'scommunity, of their capabilities. This paper will not be focusedon those capabilities, but will elaborate on the exploitation ofthose capabilities for the TDA development and enhancements tothe system which are unique to the ALBE GIS.

Significant developments to ANS, MOSS, and MAPS include: theconversion from the HP-UNIX environment to a 32-bit word,MicroVMS environment, the replacement of DI-3000 with Battelle'sPassthrough routines (GKS calls and Rastertek 1/10 driver), andthe remodelling of the database directory structure (Figure 4).This work was performed by DRA Systems, Inc. DBA is also nearingcompletion on several software modules that will be integratedinto the GIS. These enhancements include; Arcnode Overlayprocessing capability in ANS, Raster to Vector conversion, andStandard Linear Format (SLF) import and export capabilities. TheCartographic Output System (COS) is scheduled to be converted tooperate with the ALBE GIS within a year. COS will enhance thesystem by providing cartographic quality output.

Analytical Magcina System (ANSI

Figure 5 illustrates the flow of data processing through thevarious software modules of the GIS. The AS is a softwarepackage that permits the user to create a digital, geographicdatabase. Features of ANS include: graphic display, editing,softcopy, data/integrity verification, database storage andretrieval, simultaneous user procedures, and twenty standard mapprojections. The ANS software is menu driven, with severallayers of menus which allow the user to select options that willexploit the capabilities. ANS contains a photogrammetricsubsystem which supports data extraction from various imagerysources and has been used in some ETL programs; however, thereare no plans at this time to integrate this software for use inthe ALBE GIS.

Once user accounts, a project area, and themes (soils,vegetation, slope, etc.) have been established, the digitaldatabase can be created. The source of data for the digitaldatabases has been Defense Mapping Agency TTADB's (1:50000). TheALBE GIS uses an in-house attribute coding scheme to representthe features that are digitized from these TTADB's. At thispoint, the data exists in binary, ANS format. As a digitizingjob is in process, the data is kept in arc-node format, vectors

and the attributes associated with them are stored in the system.Once the job is databased, this arc-node information is retained,as well as polygon information. AS maintains a list of polygonsand the vectors and attributes that compose them. If a segmentis shared by two polygons, the coordinates for that commonsegment are stored once, with each polygon having a pointer tothat stored segment.

Alternative data sources will be available when the StandardLinear Format (SLF) Import/Export routines are integrated intothe GIS. Data created in ANS on any other computer system can betransfered to the ALBE GIS via SLF and all attributes will bedirectly transfered. The DNA digital data standard is in a stateof transition. 2-D SLF data (TAPS FECAT coding), 3-D SLF data(DKAFF coding), and MINITOPO data (FACS coding) is or will beavailable. ALBE GIS will continue to use the in-house attributecoding scheme, with plans to develop conversion programs for 2-DSLF to 3-D SLF to MINITOPO formats as needed.

The existing method for complexing maps or overlaying themes -inMOSS is lengthy and is not user friendly. The installation ofthe Arcnode Overlay Processing module in ANS will allow the userto select from a menu of complexing options. These optionsinclude forming unions, intersections, or differences of datasets. The majority of the Arcnode Overlay software is written inC, with the remainder in FORTRAN.

The user exports the data through ADDWAMS by selecting an optionfrom an AMS menu. The ADDWAMS module allows the user to select amap projection, converts the data to ASCII and prepares it to beadded to the MOSS database. The data is stored in polygon form,with common vectors duplicated.

NaR Overlay Statistical System (MOSS)

MOSS is a command driven analysis and display system for map andother geo-based information and is designed to allow users toretrieve, analyze, and display maps and spatial data stored inthe system. ADDWAMS data is added to the MOSS database byselecting the ADD option from the MOSSUTILITY menu. The datathen exists in binary, MOSS format and is represented in vectorform. Processing capabilities of MOSS commands can be brokeninto three groups:

MOSS - program control, and map data storage and descriptionMOSSANALYSIS - extraction and production of information fromexisting map data, usually resulting in a new mapMOSSUTILITY - general housekeeping and display of map files

MOSS data is stored in binary, MOSS format. Polygon informationis preserved, with duplicate storage of shared segments.

Map Analysis and Processing Subsystem (MAN)

Copies of the MOSS data files are generated in the MAPS databaseby executing the MOSSTOMAPS command. A header file, which is usedto recognize the data files existing in the MAPS database is alsocreated at this time. The RASTERIZE command can then be used torasterize these MOSS files. Once the data has been rasterized,it exists in binary MAPS format. Polygons and segments are notpreserved in MAPS. The MAPS format represents a geographic areaas a grid of pixel values, with each attribute assigned a uniquenumber. MAPS contains processing capabilities in groups similarto those of MOSS: program control, data storage, data display,and data analysis.

MAPS data, as well as other forms of raster data, can beprocessed further by the Raster to Vector conversion module. Theuser will be able to display raster data in vector form via theconversion. Data from image processing sources can be vectorizedwith this software, and vector and raster data sets can beconverted to the same form for merging. This enhancement willalso be designed to close the loop on the GIS data processing.In this way, raster data from outside sources could be broughtinto the ALBE GIS system, assigned attributes, and processed foruse in TDA production. Three types of raster to vectorconversion will exist: creating polygons or areas (soils, slope),linear features (lines, roads), and contours (elevations,moisture gradient). ICARAS, a FORTRAN package created by theEROS data center, will be used for the creation of polygons. AFORTRAN package created by BATTELLE will be used for the creationof vector contours. DBA will design the software for creatingthe linear features, as well as integrating the aforementionedpackages into the system. Any additional software such asutility programs or libraries will be written in C.

TACTICAL DECISION AIDS

The ALBE Tactical Decision Aids are software products whichpredict the effects of environment on both friendly and threatmateriel, weapon systems, personnel and operations. The TDA'sare not intended to render decisions, but rather to supplementthe tactician's knowledge base and augment the decision makingprocess by providing information useful in the formulation andexecution of battlefield strategies. The inputs to generatethese products consists of Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED),digitized (at Army labs) Tactical Terrain Analysis Data Base(TTADB) terrain feature data, historical climatological data,near-real-time meteorological data, and miscellaneous informationsuch as vehicle and bridge parameter lists, data on militaryequipment, personnel, etc. The Defense Mapping Agency has agreedto produce DTD (digitized terrain feature data) as part of theirMark 90 program in response to a request by the Army for higherresolution data. The DTD data will serve as the terrain database for the ATB and other Army advanced technology systems.

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ALBE TDA's cover the effects of both the current and forecaststate of the environment. They enable the tactical commander andhis staff to evaluate weapon system effectiveness, determine theadvantage of one system over another, and anticipate howoperations will be degraded or improved during threat/U.S.engagements. The TDAs will enhance the ability to plan andexecute operations in a dynamic tactical situation, and letcommanders and their staff use weather and terrain as forcemultipliers in employing combat assets.

There are six ALBE Tactical Decision Aid categories. They are:Army AviationCountermobilityGround NobilityNuclear, Biological, Chemical (NBC)Terrain and Atmospheric Utilities (TAU)Weapon System Performance

Each TDA category contains a number of modules; and each moduleproduces one or more TDA products. The products of some modulescan serve as input for those of another category. TDA productsgenerated through these processes will not merely reflect theeffects of any single factor, such as terrain, weather or battle-induced conditions, but rather the combined synergistic effectsof a number of factors.

AIM AVIATION

The Army Aviation TDAs will demonstrate the application ofterrain and atmospheric models in analysis of aircraftperformance as it contributes to the success or failure of anaviation mission. The TDA software generates both graphic plotsand textual reports as output. The category consists of threemodules;

Flight WeatherAircraft VectoringAircraft Performance

The Flight Weather module generates information on weatherhazards to helicopter flight. Five interactive models allow theuser to analyze different scenarios. Aircraft Vectoring allowsthe tactician to assess, predict and plan various aircraftoperations. Ten interactive models allow the user to generatedata that describes the current status of selected aircraftinstrumentation and analyze the potential impact of environmentaland terrain conditions. Aircraft Performance generates graphicaldisplays and map overlays of density/altitude information forflight planning purposes. The input, either current or forecastmeteorological data, is used to determine the areas whereaircraft performance may be marginal or hazardous.

ninrrERNTrOBILITY

The Counternobility TDA's will make predictions of obstacledeployment and effectiveness considering the environment, troopand equipment assets, constraints on equipment operation and timerequired. Obstacles addressed include: minefields, wire,craters, rubble, ditches, log obstacles, and flood zones. Theproducts generated allow the evaluation of alternative plans andreduce the time required to implement an integrated obstaclesystem. The category consists of three modules;

Minefield Deployment EffectivenessObstacle DeploymentsObstacle Systems

Ninefield Deployments predicts the effectiveness and uses datafrom environmental sensors located in the area of interest tomake real time predictions. This software allows the tacticianto generate map overlays illustrating deployment performance,effectiveness, sitings, and resource requirements. Siteselection products are generated using mobility, gap crossing andLine of Sight predictions which are products of other TDAs. Asupporting model that addresses the impact of snow cover orfrozen soil on the effectiveness of a minefield will also beimplemented.

Obstacle Deployment software allows the tactician to generate aproduct(s) which predicts the effectiveness, location andlogistics of obstacles other than minefields. Obstacle Systemsoftware allows the tactician to generate overlays which showlocation, estimated threat force breaching times, movementrestriction, time delay effectiveness and logistics. ObstacleSystem predictions will be available for winter conditions; ice,snow and frozen surfaces. The capability provided will enablethe commander to plan tactical countermobility operationsefficiently.

Ground Nobilit

The Ground Mobility TDA software generates a comprehensivedescription of the ability of vehicles and vehicle convoys totransport men and material over virtually any type of terrain, onor off road, under nearly any weather conditions. Battlefieldenvironmental conditions are described either on a projected oron a near real time bases. This will allow the tactician to usethe products in either pre-battle planning or in battle decisionmaking. The category consists of eight modules:

Off Road SpeedOn Road SpeedBridge EvaluationGap CrossingFormation Movement

Route Cover and ConcealmentIntegrated NobilityRoad Usage

The Off Road Speed module is designed to predict the "GO/NOGO"and maximum speed performance of vehicles off the roadconsidering the degrading effects of terrain and environmentalconditions. Predictions can be adjusted to either agree withlong term weather forecasts or reflect near real time weather.The tactician can generate map overlays including depiction ofthe ground vehicle "GO/NOGO" speeds, and speed performance bothon an areal and a route selection basis, comparisons of off roadspeed capabilities of different vehicles, and reasons for vehicleoff road speed reductions and NOGOs. On Road Speed moduleproducts consider vehicles operating on undamaged segments of aroad and provides similar capabilities as those for Off-Roadmodule products.

Bridge Evaluation identifies the location and characteristics offixed bridge sites and indicates the suitability of a site fortactical bridge deployment. Gap Crossing evaluates vehiclegeometry and traction performance capability relative to gapcharacteristics and predicts the ability to cross at selectedsites. It includes a supporting model: Winter Bridging, used tolcxate tactical bridging sites in cold weather environments.

Formation Movement software is interactive and is designed to aidin the logistic problem of relocating manpower and resources.Route Cover and Concealment software predicts the capability ofvehicles to travel on the battlefield with minimum exposure time.The resulting products can be used in combination with others toplan routes that minimize risk. Integrated Nobility is acombination of all the previously described modules. It canpredict speed and/or travel time for vehicle movement either onroad, off road, or across gaps; and it can generate routeselection maps interactively. Road Usage software predicts theinfluence of road usage (vehicle speeds, traffic volume, movementtimes) on road damage and repair. A supporting model; ResourcePlanning, incorporates Ground Nobility TDA applications into theEngineer Command and Control System (ECCS) for mission planning.

Nuclear. Biological. Chemical

The Nuclear, Biological, Chemical (NBC) software generatesproducts which provide information on the location, extent andpersistence of NBC hazards and smoke; the side effects ofchemical protective clothing; and options for decontamination.The category consists of four modules:

NBC HazardSmoke GenerationTube Delivered SmokeChemical Decontamination

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NBC Hazard automates reporting operations and provides thecapability to display two and three dimensional nuclear falloutand chemical hazard areas on digital terrain map backgrounds.Smoke Generation automates the design of large area oil fog smokescreens to provide concealment and deception and to preventoperational use of various electro-optical systems. TubeDelivered Smoke uses munitions delivered by howitzers and mortarsfor the same purposes as Smoke Generation products. ChemicalDecontamination provides the guidelines for NBC decontaminationon the winter battlefield identifying, interactively, practicaloptions for different types of equipment.

Terrain and Atmospheric Utilities

The Terrain and Atmospheric Utilities (TAU) software providesgeneral supporting utilities which can generate stand aloneproducts or feed data into other TDA software. The tactician canuse this software to generate either graphic or textual reportsof terrain and weather effects on varying military operations.The category consists of seven modules:

IntervisibilitySensor Communication and Data HandlingWeather Effects MessagesSurface and Upper Air DataMilitary Hydrology (MILHY)Target Area Winds3D Perspective View

Intervisibility software is interactive and allows the tacticianto generate eight distinct terrain based products which predictthe impact of line of sight (linear and radial) on mobile andaerial military operations. The Sensor Communication and DataHandling software is ATB system level software which allows forthe input of environmental data from any meteorological sensorand makes it useful for the TDAs. The Weather Effects softwareallows the tactician to either scan the environmental data basefor parameters in excess of pre-determined critical values andwarn of the potential weather impact or allows the tactician tosimulate a scenario with a given set of climate/terrain values inorder to determine critical considerations and effects to anumber of operations.

Surface and Upper Air Data software integrates diverseenvironmental measurements into a coherent depiction of thecurrent status of the weather aloft and at the surface. Thissoftware also allows the tactician to generate contour mapoverlays of specified met parameters in the area of interest.These products chiefly serve the interest of the Staff WeatherOfficer (SWO) personnel.

Military Hydrology software allows the tactician to predictforecast of water stage and flow characteristics for selected

times and cross sections within an area based on the physicalwatershed characteristics and the precipitation as measured byground sensors. Target Area Winds software provides an accurateestimate of terrain influenced surface and upper level winds intarget areas, ahead of the Forward Line of Own Troops (FLOT) andin other data-silent areas. Knowledge of terrain influenced windfields will produce more accurate chemical hazard and smokescreen predictions, and will aid in the proper placement ofchemical alarm sensors and billeting of troops. The 3DPerspective View software allows the tactician to generate ashaded relief terrain perspective view product which can be usedas a stand alone product to provide the commander with arealistic window to view the battlefield environment or as abackground map onto which could be draped a time/event sequencedchemical or smoke generation product. The latter example woulddepict the influence of the terrain and wind field as the cloudplume disperses throughout the area of interest.

Weapon System Performance

The Weapon System Performance software considers the impact ofenvironmental effects on the effectiveness of electro-optical andseismic/acoustic sensors and systems. The tactician can use thesoftware to generate information for friendly and threatconditions, currently fielded and developmental imagers, lasers,and guidance devices such as used on the TOW; self containedmunitions such as SADARM; advanced munitions such as FOG-M andAAWS-M; and aided target recognition (ATR) devices. The categoryconsists of four modules:

Electro-Optical SystemsTop Attack Self Contained Munition (SCM SystemsSeismic/Acoustic Sensor SystemsAdvanced Munitions

The output for Electro-Optical Systems will consist of tablesdepicting the effective ranges of devices used for targetacquisition and map overlays displaying line of sight limitationson the terrain. Top Attack SCM system software will predict theperformance of different target types, sensor logic and sensorscan characteristics and it will determine optimum terraindeployment sites for SCM/target engagements. Seismic/AcousticSensor Systems will provide techniques to detect, locate, andclassify threat vehicles. Advanced Munitions will predict theperformance of automatic target recognition devices in current offorecast environmental conditions.

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