Raptors Conservation 3/2005

Raptors ConservationПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ И ИХ ОХРАНА

2005 №3

Ðàáî÷èé áþëëåòåíü î ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêàõ Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé ÀçèèThe Newsletter of the raptors of the East Europe and North Asia

Áþëëåòåíü «Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðà-íà» ó÷ðåæäåí ìåæðåãèîíàëüíîé áëàãîòâî-ðèòåëüíîé îáùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé«Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð» (Íîâî-ñèáèðñê) è íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîé îá-ùåñòâåííîé îðãàíèçàöèåé «Öåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé» (Íèæíèé Íîâãîðîä).

Ðåäàêòîðû íîìåðà:Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî è Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí

Ýòîò âûïóñê ãîòîâèëè:Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî (Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè-÷åñêèé öåíòð, Íîâîñèáèðñê, Ðîññèÿ),Èãîðü Êàðÿêèí (Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäî-âàíèé, Í.Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ), Åâãåíèé Ïî-òàïîâ (Èíñòèòóò èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîêîëîâ,Êàðìàðñåí, Âåëèêîáðèòàíèÿ), Àííà Øåñ-òàêîâà (Íèæåãîðîäñêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûéóíèâåðñèòåò, Í.Íîâãîðîä, Ðîññèÿ).

Ôîòîãðàôèÿ íà ëèöåâîé ñòîðîíå îá-ëîæêè: áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aquila clanga),Àëòàéñêèé êðàé, èþëü 2003 ã.Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Â èëëþñòðàöèè çàäíåé ñòîðîíû îáëîæêèèñïîëüçîâàíû ôîòîãðàôè È. Æèìóëåâà,À. Êîðîëþêà, È. Êàðÿêèíà, Ý. Íèêîëåíêîè Ì. Ïåñòîâà

Äèçàéí: Ä. Ñåíîòðóñîâ, À. ÊëåùåâÂåðñòêà: À. ÊëåùåâÊîððåêòóðà: Å. Êëåùåâà

The Newsletter «Raptors Conservation» hasbeen founded by the non-governmental or-ganisations Siberian Environmental Center(Novosibirsk) and Center of Field Studies(Nizhniy Novgorod).

Editors:Elvira Nikolenko and Igor Karyakin

This issue has made by:Elvira Nikolenko (Siberian EnvironmentalCenter, Novosibirsk, Russia), Igor Karyakin(Center of Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Rus-sia), Eugene Potapov (Falcon Research In-stitute, Carmarthen, UK), Anna Shestako-va (State University, N.Novgorod, Russia).

Photo on the front cover: The Great SpottedEagle (Aquila clanga), Altai Kray, July 2003.Photo by I. Karyakin

Photos on the back cover by I. Zhimulev,I. Karyakin, A. Korolyuk, E. Nikolenko andM. Pestov

Design by D. Senotrusov, A. KleschevPage-proofs by A. KleschevProof-reader: E. Klescheva

Ýëåêòðîííàÿ âåðñèÿ/RC online

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC

ISSN 1814–0076

Tel./Fax: (383) 339 78 85

E-mail: [email protected][email protected]@ecoclub.nsu.ru

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors

Àäðåñ ðåäàêöèè:630090 Ðîññèÿ,Íîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547

Editorial adress:P.O. Box 547, Novosibirsk,Russia, 630090

Ïðàâèëà äëÿ àâòîðîâ äîñòóïíû íà ñàéòå:

Guidelines for Contributors available on website:

http://ecoclub.nsu.ru/raptors/RC/guidelines/

Events Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 3

EventsСОБЫТИЯ

Ñ 28 ôåâðàëÿ ïî 4 ìàðòà 2005 ã. â Âå-ëèêîáðèòàíèè International WildlifeConsultants Ltd (IWC) ïðîâ¸ë ñèìïîçè-óì äëÿ ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàòåëåëüñêèõãðóïï, âåäóùèõ ìîíèòîðèíã ñîêîëîâ-áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug) ïî âñåìó Àçè-àòñêîìó àðåàëó ãíåçäîâàíèÿ.

Ýòà ðàáîòà, ôèíàíñèðóåìàÿ ÀãåíòñòâîìÈññëåäîâàíèÿ Îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è Ðàç-âèòèÿ Æèâîé ïðèðîäû (ERWDA) Îáúåäè-í¸ííûõ Àðàáñêèõ Ýìèðàòîâ, êîîðäèíèðó-åòñÿ IWC óæå ìíîãî ëåò. Â 2004 ã. ERWDAïîääåðæàëî èññëåäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà â Êà-çàõñòàíå, Ðîññèè, Ìîíãîëèè è Êèòàå, è â2005 ã. ýòà ðàáîòà áóäåò ïðîäîëæåíà íàòåððèòîðèè Êèðãèçèè è Óêðàèíû.

Îñíîâíûå öåëè ñèìïîçèóìà áûëè:(a) ïðîâåñòè âñòðå÷ó ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ïðî-

åêòîâ, ðàáîòàþùèõ â ðàçíûõ ñòðàíàõ, ÷òî-áû îíè ñìîãëè óâèäåòü ñîáñòâåííûå ðå-çóëüòàòû è ñâîþ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêóþ ðàáîòóâ áîëåå øèðîêîé ïåðñïåêòèâå;

(b) îáåñïå÷èòü ñòàíäàðòèçàöèþ ðàáî-÷èõ ïîäõîäîâ è ìåòîäîâ â ïðîåêòàõ ðàç-íûõ ñòðàí;

(c) îòîáðàòü äîáðîâîëüöåâ äëÿ êàæäîãîïîëåâîãî îòðÿäà äëÿ ðàáîòû â 2005 ã.;

(d) îöåíèòü òåêóùèé ìàñøòàá èññëåäîâà-íèé è ðåñóðñîâ, íàïðàâëåííûõ íà ýòè èñ-ñëåäîâàíèÿ è

(e) îáäóìàòü è îáñóäèòü ïóòè ðàçâèòèÿáóäóùåé ðàáîòû ïî ñîêîëèíîé òåìàòèêå.

28th February to 4th March 2005 Inter-national Wildlife Consultants Ltd (IWC)hosted a workshop in the UK for field-workers and researchers monitoringSakers (Falco cherrug) across much ofthe species’ Asian breeding range.

These studies, funded by the Environmen-tal Research and Wildlife DevelopmentAgency (ERWDA) of the United Arab Emir-ates, have been coordinated by IWC for anumber of years. In 2004 ERWDA support-ed studies on Sakers in Kazakhstan, Russia,Mongolia and China, and in 2005 this workwill be extended to include additional sur-veys in Kirghizstan and Ukraine. The princi-pal aims of the workshop were:

(a) to enable the project leaders from eachcountry to meet one another in order forthem to see their own survey and researchwork in a wider perspective,

(b) to ensure standardised protocols areused across the projects in the various countries,

(c) to introduce volunteer fieldworkers tothe respective teams they will be workingwith in 2005,

(d) to review the current scope of the sur-vey and research effort and

(e) to consider ways of developing futurework on Saker Falcons.

Each of the project leaders provided asummary of the work conducted in their re-spective countries to date.

Ó÷àñòíèêè ñèìïîçèóìàè ñ ñ ë å ä î â à ò å ë ü ñ ê è õãðóïï, âåäóùèõ ìîíèòî-ðèíã áàëîáàíîâ (Falcocherrug) â Àçèè, ïðîøåä-øåãî â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè.Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Participants of a work-shop in the UK for field-workers and researchersmonitoring Sakers (Falcocherrug) across much ofthe species’ Asian breed-ing range. Photo by I. Kar-yakin

ÑîáûòèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 34

Êàæäûé èç ðóêîâîäèòåëåé ïðîåêòîâïðåäñòàâèë ðåçþìå ñâîåé ðàáîòû, âûïîë-íåííîé íà òåððèòîðèè èõ ñòðàíû íà ñå-ãîäíÿøíèé äåíü.

Áûëè çàñëóøàíû äîêëàäû Èãîðÿ Êàðÿêèíà(Öåíòð ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Ðîññèÿ,Í.Íîâãîðîä) ïî áàëîáàíó â Ðîññèè è Çàïàä-íîì Êàçàõñòàíå, Àíàòîëèÿ Ëåâèíà (Èíñòè-òóò Çîîëîãèè Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàçàõñòàí, Àëìà-òû) ïî áàëîáàíó â Öåíòðàëüíîì è Âîñòî÷íîìÊàçàõñòàíå, Ãîìáîáàòàðà (Ìîíãîëüñêàÿ Àêà-äåìèÿ Íàóê) ïî áàëîáàíó â Ìîíãîëèè, ÌàÌèíãà (Êèòàéñêàÿ Àêàäåìèÿ Íàóê, Óðóì-÷è) ïî áàëîáàíó â Çàïàäíîì Êèòàå.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äëÿ ýòèõ ÷åòûð¸õ ñòðàíòåïåðü ñóùåñòâóåò äîñòîâåðíûé îáçîðãíåçäîâûõ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëîáàíà, òàêæå âíèõ ðàáîòàþò èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå ïðîãðàì-ìû, è êàæäûé ãîä çíàíèå î ñòàòóñå è ýêî-ëîãèè âèäà â àðåàëàõ íà òåððèòîðèè ýòèõñòðàí ïîâûøàåòñÿ. Òåïåðü IWC ïëàíèðóåòðàñøèðÿòü èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèå óñèëèÿ âäðóãèõ ñòðàíàõ Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè, îñî-áåííî â Êèðãèçñòàíå è Óçáåêèñòàíå. Â2005 ãîäó â ýòó âàæíóþ ÷àñòü àðåàëà, ÷òî-áû íà÷àòü èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèé áàëî-áàíà îòïðàâèëñÿ Ìàéêë Àíäåðñåí (Äàíèÿ).

Êðîìå òîãî, ERWDA, ïî ïðåäëîæåíèþïðîôåññîðà Âëàäèìèðà Ìèõàéëîâè÷à Ãà-ëóøèíà (Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè, Ìîñê-âà), âçÿëî íà ñåáÿ îáÿçàòåëüñòâî ïðîôè-íàíñèðîâàòü îáñëåäîâàíèå ËÝÏ íàÓêðàèíå â åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè àðåàëà áà-ëîáàíà ñ öåëüþ âûÿâëåíèÿ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿñîêîëîâ.

Äîêòîð Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâ îñòàâèë ñîêî-ëèíóþ ïðîãðàììó ERWDA, êîòîðóþ îí êî-îðäèíèðîâàë ñ 1998 ã., íî, ê ñ÷àñòüþ, îíñìîã ïîñåòèòü ýòîò ñèìïîçèóì è ïîäåëèòüñÿñâîèì îïûòîì. Åâãåíèé ñäåëàë ïðåçåíòàöèþñâîèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ïî èñïîëüçîâàíèþ ñïóò-íèêîâûõ ïåðåäàò÷èêîâ, êîòîðûå ïîêàçàëèøèðîòó ïåðåìåùåíèé áàëîáàíîâ, ðàçìíî-æàþùèõñÿ â Þæíîé Ñèáèðè è Ìîíãîëèè.Îêàçàëîñü, ÷òî íåêîòîðûå ïòèöû âåäóò îñ¸ä-ëûé îáðàç æèçíè è îñòàþòñÿ â îáëàñòè ðàç-ìíîæåíèÿ âñþ çèìó, íåêîòîðûå – øèðîêîêî÷óþò âíå ñåçîíà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, à äðóãèåìèãðèðóþò ê ìåñòàì þæíûõ çèìîâîê.

Õîòÿ ýòî èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîëèëî íåêîòî-ðûé ñâåò íà äèàïàçîí çèìíèõ ïåðåìåùå-íèé áàëîáàíîâ, íî îíî òàêæå ïîñòàâèëîáîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî âîïðîñîâ. Íàïðèìåð,êàêèå ôàêòîðû îïðåäåëÿþò ðàçëè÷èÿ âïåðåìåùåíèÿõ, è ôèêñèðîâàíû ëè îíè óêîíêðåòíûõ ïòèö? Ïîíèìàíèå ïîâåäåíèÿïòèö ïðè ìèãðàöèÿõ è çíàíèå ìàðøðóòîâïåðåìåùåíèÿ î÷åíü âàæíû â äåëå îõðàíûñîêîëîâ.

The reports were made about the SakerFalcon in Russia and the western Kazakhstanby Igor Karyakin of the Centre for Field Stud-ies in Nizhniy Novgorod, in the central andeastern Kazakhstan by Dr. Anatoliy Levin ofthe Institute of Zoology, Ministry of Educa-tion and Science of the Republic of Kaza-khstan, in Mongolia by MSc Gombobaatarof the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, inthe western China (the foothills and moun-tains of Xinjiang province, and the plateausteppes of Quingai and Tibet) by Prof. MaMing of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesin Urumqi.

In each of these four countries there is nowan established Saker Falcon survey and re-search programme and each year our knowl-edge of the status and ecology of the spe-cies in these range countries increases. Weare now developing plans to expand thissurvey and research ef fort into otherCentral Asian countries, particularlyKirghizstan and Uzbekistan. This yearMichael Andersen, a wildlife tour guide fromDenmark, will be using his knowledge andcontacts within these countries in an effortto establish Saker Falcon research in theseimportant range countries. Furthermore, ER-WDA, at the suggestion of Prof. VladimirGalushin of the Russian Bird ConservationUnion have undertaken to fund a survey ofelectricity power-lines in Ukraine, a Euro-pean stronghold of the Saker Falcon.

Dr. Eugene Potapov has now left the ER-WDA Saker Falcon programme, which he hascoordinated since 1998 but we were fortu-nate that he was able to attend the work-shop and give us the benefit of his experi-ence. Eugene gave a presentation on thesatellite tracking study he has undertaken,which has revealed the variation in move-ments made by Saker Falcons breeding insouthern Siberia and Mongolia. Some birdsare sedentary and remain in the breeding areaall winter, some are nomadic ranging widelyoutside the breeding season and others mi-grate to more southerly wintering areas.

This research has shed some light on therange of winter movements of Sakers, butit has also raised more questions such aswhat are the factors that determine the dif-ferent wanderings and are these fixed in in-dividual birds? Understanding migrationbehavior and identifying migration routesis critical for the protection of Saker Falcons.The workshop was a very useful vehicle tointroduce new ideas and to explore waysof developing the Saker Falcon researchprojects. Contact (1).

(1) Contact:Dr. Nick FoxDirector of the FalconResearch InstituteDr. Andrew DixonHead of Falcon ResearchInternational WildlifeConsultants Ltd.P.O. Box 19 CarmarthenSA33 5YL Wales UKtel./fax:(44)(1267) 23 38 64(44)(1267) 25 37 [email protected]@falcons.co.ukwww.falcons.co.uk/falcon


Ñèìïîçèóì äàë âîçìîæíîñòü îçâó÷èòü èîáñóäèòü íîâûå èäåè, à òàêæå íàìåòèòü ïóòèäàëüíåéøåãî ðàçâèòèÿ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâà-òåëüñêèõ ðàáîò ïî áàëîáàíó. Êîíòàêò (1).

Â ìàðòå 2005 ã. Èíäèéñêîå ïðàâèòåëü-ñòâî çàïðåòèëî èñïîëüçîâàíèå âåòåðè-íàðíîãî ïðåïàðàòà äèêëîôåíàêà, êî-òîðûé ñòàë ïðè÷èíîé ãèáåëè ñèïîâ âÞæíîé Àçèè1.

Èíäèéñêèé Ïðåìüåð-ìèíèñòð ÌàíìîõàíÑèíã ïîäòâåðäèë, ÷òî âåòåðèíàðíîå èñ-ïîëüçîâàíèå ïðåïàðàòà áóäåò ïîëíîñòüþñîêðàùåíî â òå÷åíèå øåñòè ìåñÿöåâ.

Çà ïîñëåäíèå 12 ëåò ÷èñëåííîñòü òð¸õ âè-äîâ Àçèàòñêèõ ñèïîâ Gyps bengalensis, Gypsindicus è Gyps tenuirostris óïàëî íà 97 %, èñåé÷àñ îíè íàõîäÿòñÿ íà ãðàíè èñ÷åçíîâå-íèÿ (ñì. ñòàòüþ: Ð. Âàòñîí è äð. Âðåìÿ àçèàò-ñêèõ ñèïîâ ïðîõîäèò. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêèè èõ îõðàíà, 2005. ¹1. Ñòð.19–20).

Ñèïû èãðàþò âàæíóþ ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþðîëü â Àçèàòñêîé îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäå, ãäåâ òå÷åíèå òûñÿ÷åëåòèé îíè ïîåäàëè òðóïûäîìàøíåãî ñêîòà è äàæå ëþäåé.

Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî èñïîëüçîâàíèå äèê-ëîôåíàêà çàïðåùåíî, îí åù¸ äîëãîå âðåìÿáóäåò ñîõðàíÿòüñÿ â öåïè ïèòàíèÿ ñèïîâ.

Ñâÿçü ìåæäó ïðåïàðàòîì è äðàìàòè÷åñ-êèì ïàäåíèåì ÷èñëåííîñòè õèùíèêà áûëàóñòàíîâëåíà â 2004 ã. US-led team.

Â íà÷àëå 2005 ã. â ñåòè ïîÿâèëñÿ ôîòî-ñàéò î ïòèöàõ Êàçàõñòàíà2, ñîçäàííûéëþáèòåëÿìè ïòèö Àñêàðîì Èñàáåêîâûì èÂëàäèëåíîì Êàðàñ¸âûì. Íà ñàéòå ïðåä-ñòàâëåíî î÷åíü ìíîãî èíòåðåñíûõ ôîòî-ãðàôèé ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, ñäåëàííûõ íàòåððèòîðèè Êàçàõñòàíà. Ôîòîãðàôèè ñî-ïðîâîæäàþòñÿ äàòîé è ìåñòîì âñòðå÷è.Êîíòàêò (2).

28 àïðåëÿ 2005 ã. ïîñòàíîâëåíèåì Ïðà-âèòåëüñòâà Êûðãûçñêîé Ðåñïóáëèêè ¹1703 óòâåðæä¸í íîâûé ñïèñîê ðåäêèõè íàõîäÿùèõñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâå-íèÿ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ è ðàñòåíèé äëÿ çà-íåñåíèÿ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÊûðãûçñêîéÐåñïóáëèêè.

Èç ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ýòîò ñïèñîê ïî-ïàëè 22 âèäà: ñêîïà (Pandion haliaetus), îð-ëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla), îðëàí-äîëãîõâîñò (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), çìååÿä(Circaetus gallicus), ñòåðâÿòíèê (Neophronpercnopterus), áîðîäà÷ (Gypaetus barba-

The veterinary drug blamed for killingSouth Asia’s vultures has been bannedby the Indian government in March 20051.

Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singhendorsed to phase out the veterinary use ofthe drug over the next six months.

The population of three species of Asianvultures (Gyps bengalensis, Gyps indicus andGyps tenuirostris) has fallen by 97 % in 12years, and they are now at risk of extinction.

Vultures have an important ecological rolein the Asian environment, where they havebeen relied upon for millennia to clean upand remove dead livestock and even hu-man corpses (see paper: R.Watson etall.Time is Running Out for Asian Vulture. –Raptors Conservation, 2005. ¹1.P.19–20).

Even though diclofenac has now beenbanned, it will take some time before thedrug is removed from the food chain.

The link between the drug and the dra-matic fall in raptor numbers was establishedin 2004 by a US-led team.

1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4372783.stm2 http://www.birds.kz/index.html3 http://www.birdskyr.to.kg/Redbook.doc

Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus). Ëóãîâñêîé ðàéîí,Æàìáûëñêàÿ îáëàñòü, Êàçàõñòàí (16.06.2004).Ôîòî À. Èñàáåêîâà

The Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus).Lugovskoi region, Zhambyl district, Kaza-khstan (16/06/2004). Photo by A. Isabekov

A photo-site2 on Birds of Kazakhstan hasbeen done in Internet at the beginning of2005. Authors of this site are Askar Isabek-ov and Vladilen Karasev. Very much inter-esting photos of raptors from the territoryof Kazakhstan have presented on the site.Photos have added by the data and infor-mation about registration. Contact (2).

The new Red List of rare and endangeredspecies of animals and plants for the RedData Book of the Kyrgyzstan Republic wasestablished in 28 April 2005 (the resolu-tion a Government of the Kyrgyzstan Re-public ¹ 1703).

(2) Contact:Askar [email protected]


tus), ãðèô ÷¸ðíûé (Aegypius monachus),ãðèô ãèìàëàéñêèé èëè êóìàé (Gyps hima-layensis), ñèï áåëîãîëîâûé (Gyps fulvus),òþâèê òóðêåñòàíñêèé (Accipiter badius),îð¸ë ÿñòðåáèíûé (Hieraaetus fasciatus),îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus), áåðêóò(Aquila chrysaetos), ìîãèëüíèê (Aquilaheliaca), îð¸ë ñòåïíîé (Aquila nipalensis),êðå÷åò (Falco rusticolus), áàëîáàí (Falcocherrug), ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus), øàõèíèëè ðûæåãîëîâûé ñîêîë (Falco peregrino-ides), ïóñòåëüãà ñòåïíàÿ (Falco naumanni),ôèëèí (Bubo bubo), íåÿñûòü ñåðàÿ (Strixaluco)4.

Ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñî ñïèñêîì âèäîâ Êðàñíîéêíèãè Êèðãèçñêîé ÑÑÑÐ, íîâûé ñïèñîê ïî-ïîëíèëñÿ 9 âèäàìè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ.

31 ìàÿ – 2 èþíÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Íîâîñèáèð-ñêå (Ðîññèÿ) ïðîø¸ë ñåìèíàð äëÿ òàìî-æåí Ñèáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà ïîîáìåíó îïûòîì è ïðåäîòâðàùåíèþ íå-ëåãàëüíîé òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ÷åðåç ãðà-íèöó îáúåêòîâ äèêîé ôàóíû è ôëîðûè èõ äåðèâàòîâ5.

Îðãàíèçàòîðû ñåìèíàðà:ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèé ýêîëîãè-÷åñêèé öåíòð», Âñåìèðíûéôîíä äèêîé ïðèðîäû, Ìåæ-äóíàðîäíàÿ ïðîãðàììà Êîí-âåíöèè ÑÈÒÅÑ (TRAFFICInternational) è Ñèáèðñêîå òà-ìîæåííîå óïðàâëåíèå.

Öåëüþ ñåìèíàðà ñòàëî ñî-âåðøåíñòâîâàíèå ïðîôåññè-îíàëüíûõ çíàíèé è íàâûêîâñîòðóäíèêîâ òàìîæåííûõ îð-ãàíîâ â ñôåðå áîðüáû ñ íåçà-êîííûì ïåðåìåùåíèåì îáúåê-òîâ äèêîé ïðèðîäû ÷åðåçãðàíèöû þãà Ðîññèè ñ Ìîíãî-ëèåé, Êàçàõñòàíîì è Êèòàåì.

Íà ñåìèíàðå ïðèñóòñòâîâàëè 22 ñîòðóä-íèêà òàìîæåí è òàìîæåííûõ ïîñòîâ Ñè-áèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà, à òàêæåïðåäñòàâèòåëè ÷åòûð¸õ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõñòðóêòóð, èìåþùèõ îòíîøåíèå ê áîðüáå ñêîíòðàáàíäîé.

Â òå÷åíèå òð¸õ äíåé ó÷àñòíèêè ñåìèíà-ðà èçó÷àëè óñïåøíûé îïûò Äàëüíåâîñòî÷-íîãî òàìîæåííîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ, ñëóøàëèëåêöèè À. Âàéñìàíà, ñîòðóäíèêà TRAFFICInternational, à òàêæå âåäóùèõ ñèáèðñêèõñïåöèàëèñòîâ-áèîëîãîâ î ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿõäèêîé ôëîðû è ôàóíû, âêëþ÷¸ííûõ â ñïè-

Twenty two species of the raptors wereincluded in this List: Osprey (Pandion halia-etus), White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albi-cilla), Pallas’s Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus leuco-ryphus) , Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetusgallicus), Egyptian Vulture (Neophron perc-nopterus), Lammergeier (Gypaetus barba-tus), Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus),Himalayan Griffon (Gyps himalayensis), Grif-fon Vulture (Gyps fulvus), Shikra (Accipiterbadius), Bonelli’s Eagle (Hieraaetus fascia-tus), Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus),Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), ImperialEagle (Aquila heliaca), Steppe Eagle (Aqui-la nipalensis), Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus),Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug), Peregrine Fal-con (Falco peregrinus), Barbary Falcon (Fal-co peregrinoides), Lesser Kestrel (Falco nau-manni), Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo), Tawny Owl(Strix aluco)4.

In contrast of Red Data Book of the KirghizUSSR, new Red List is renewed 9 species ofraptors.

A seminar was hold for customs of theSiberian federal region on exchange of ex-perience and preventing an illegal trans-porting of species of wild fauna and floraand their derivates through the border 31May – 2 June 2005 in Novosibirsk (Russia)5.

Organizers: NGO Siberian EnvironmentalCenter, WWF Russia, TRAFFIC Internationaland Siberian Customs Department.

The main theme of a seminar was an im-provement of professional knowledge andskills of employees of customs in prevent-ing the illegal traffic of species of wild na-ture through borders of south of Russia withMongolia, Kazakhstan and China. 22 em-ployees of customs, customs posts of Sibe-rian federal region and four government

4 http://www.birdskyr.to.kg/redbook.htm5 http://www.ecoclub.nsu.ru

Ñåìèíàð äëÿ òàìîæåííèêîâ Ñèáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëüíîãî îêðóãà.Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

A seminar for customs officials of Siberian Federal Region.Photo by E. Nikolenko


ñîê ÑÈÒÅÑ, íàëàæèâàëè íîâûå ìåæâåäîì-ñòâåííûå ñâÿçè, îáñóæäàëè çàêîíîäàòåëü-íûå àñïåêòû ýòîé ïðîáëåìû.

Îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà ñåìèíàðå áûëîóäåëåíî òåìå íåëåãàëüíîãî îòëîâà ñîêî-ëîâ íà òåððèòîðèè Ñèáèðñêîãî ôåäåðàëü-íîãî îêðóãà äëÿ íóæä ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû èèõ òðàíñïîðòèðîâêè ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó. Îñ-íîâûâàÿñü íà ðåçóëüòàòàõ ðàáîòû â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå ñîêîëèíîãî ïðîåêòàÁðèòàíñêîãî Èíñòèòóòà èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñî-êîëîâ, òàìîæåííèêàì áûëè ïðåäñòàâëåíûïðàêòè÷åñêèå àñïåêòû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ ýòèìâèäîì êîíòðàáàíäû.

Â õîäå ñåìèíàðà áûëè äîñòèãíóòû êîíê-ðåòíûå ñîãëàøåíèÿ î äàëüíåéøåé ñîâìåñ-òíîé ðàáîòå Ñèáèðñêîãî Òàìîæåííîãî Óï-ðàâëåíèÿ è ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáýêîöåíòð» ïðèïîääåðæêå Âñåìèðíîãî ôîíäà äèêîé ïðè-ðîäû. Êîíòàêò (3).

Ëåòîì 2005 ã. èíòåðíåò-êîìïàíèÿGoogle6, èçâåñòíàÿ ïî îäíîèìåííîé ïî-èñêîâîé ñèñòåìå, ïðåäñòàâèëà íà ñóäîáùåñòâåííîñòè íîâóþ êàðòîãðàôè-÷åñêóþ ñèñòåìó.

Ïðè áîëåå âíèìàòåëüíîì ðàññìîòðåíèèñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî ìû ÿâëÿåìñÿ ñâè-äåòåëÿìè ïîÿâëåíèÿ äåéñòâèòåëüíî ðåâî-ëþöèîííîãî ñåðâèñà, áàçèðóþùåãîñÿ íàâîçìîæíîñòÿõ è òåõíîëîãèÿõ Èíòåðíåò ïîïðåäîñòàâëåíèþ ñàìûõ ïåðåäîâûõ äàííûõäèñòàíöèîííîãî çîíäèðîâàíèÿ çåìëè èäðóãîé ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîé èíôîðìàöèè.

Îðãàíèçàöèîííî-êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêèé ðå-ñóðñ Google ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èç ñåáÿ íîâîåïðîãðàììíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå Google Earth(GE) è óäàë¸ííóþ (òî åñòü íàõîäÿùóþñÿ âñåòè Èíòåðíåò íà ñåðâåðàõ Google) áàçóãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ. Êîìïîíåíòû ñè-ñòåìû ÿâëÿþòñÿ óíèêàëüíîé ðàçðàáîòêîé,ïðèçâàííîé ìàêñèìàëüíî îáëåã÷èòü ê íèìäîñòóï êàê ìîæíî áîëåå øèðîêîé àóäèòî-ðèè. Îíè ìàêñèìàëüíî îáëåã÷åíû äëÿ èñ-ïîëüçîâàíèÿ è ïîíèìàíèÿ, íî, åñòåñòâåí-íî, ýòî òàêæå îçíà÷àåò è îòñóòñòâèåáîëüøèíñòâà ôóíêöèé, äîñòóïíûõ â ïðî-ôåññèîíàëüíûõ ÃÈÑ.

Êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà Google, íå-ñîìíåííî, áóäåò èíòåðåñíà îðíèòîëîãàì,â òîì ÷èñëå è ñïåöèàëèñòàì ïî õèùíûìïòèöàì, òàê êàê ñóùåñòâåííî ðàñøèðÿåòâîçìîæíîñòè ïî ïîäãîòîâêå è âèçóàëèçà-öèè äàííûõ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ, ìàðøðóòîâìèãðàöèé, àðåàëîâ, ïîçâîëÿåò îáìåíèâàòü-ñÿ òàêèìè ìàòåðèàëàìè ëþäÿì, íå èìåþ-

organizations, related to preventing thesmuggling, visited a seminar.

During three days seminar participantsstudied a successful experience of Far east-ern customs department, listened to lec-tures of A. Vaysman (Senior ProgrammeOfficer of TRAFFIC Europe-Russia) and lead-ing Siberian biologists on endangered spe-cies of wild flora and fauna (from the list ofCITES), established new interdepartmentalrelationships, discussed legislative aspectsof this problem.

Emphases on the seminar were illegalcatching falcons on the territory of Siberianfederal region for falconry and smugglingfalcons through the border. Using results ofproject of Falcon Research Institute (UK) inthe Altai-Sayan region some practical as-pects connected with smuggling of falconswere presented for customs officials.

As a result of a seminar some agreementson further collaboration between SiberianCustoms, Siberian Enviromental Center andWWF were achieved. Contact (3).

6 http://earth.google.com/

(3) Êîíòàêò:Ýëüâèðà ÍèêîëåíêîÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñê à/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ:(3833) 39 78 [email protected]

(3) Contact:Elvira NikolenkoNGO SiberianEnviromental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk Russia630090tel./fax: (3833) 39 78 [email protected]

This summer leading internet companyGoogle6, well known after its web searchsystem, released the new cartographiccomplex, it differs markedly from profes-sional GIS data and software by ease touse and ready data.

New data and software complex will bedefinitely interesting for ornithologists as itprovide incomparable speed and conven-ience in using geographic data. This systempresents following possibilities:• Viewing satellite imagery – convenient

navigation, seamless image and on-the-flyvisualization of user commands with grad-ual redrawing of the details;• Perspective (relief) view with satellite im-

age draping;

Çåìëÿ â Goggle Earth

Our planet in Goggle Earth


7 http://kh.google.com/download/earth/index.html8 http://gis-lab.info/projects/google-rus.html

Âñ¸, ÷òî íåîáõîäèìî äëÿ íà÷àëà ðàáîòû – ýòî ïðîãðàììà-íà-âèãàòîð GE (êîòîðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü áåñïëàòíî ïîëó÷åíà ñ ñàéòàGoogle Earth7), ïîçâîëÿþùàÿ ñðàçó íà÷àòü ðàáîòàòü ñ äàííûìèäèñòàíöèîííîãî çîíäèðîâàíèÿ íà ëþáóþ òî÷êó çåìíîé ïîâåðõ-íîñòè â ëþáîì ìàñøòàáå. Ïîëüçîâàòåëü ñðàçó ïîïàäàåò íà êàðòóìèðà è, èìåÿ ýëåìåíòàðíûå ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèå çíàíèÿ, ìîæåò íàé-òè íóæíîå åìó ìåñòî, ñìåñòèâ è óâåëè÷èâ íóæíûé ôðàãìåíò,ëèáî ââåäÿ â ñòðîêó ïîèñêà íàçâàíèå ãîðîäà èëè ñòðàíû (ñïè-ñîê ãîðîäîâ Ðîññèè ïîêà ñèëüíî îãðàíè÷åí, ïîèñê íà ðóññêîìÿçûêå òîæå íåâîçìîæåí).

Íàáîð èíñòðóìåíòîâ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûõ äëÿ íàâèãàöèè, íå-ñêîëüêî îãðàíè÷åí: èçìåíåíèå ìàñøòàáà (óâåëè÷åíèå, óìåíü-øåíèå), ñäâèã ïî îñÿì (ââåðõ, âíèç, âïðàâî, âëåâî), ïîâîðîò èçîá-ðàæåíèÿ è åãî ïåðñïåêòèâíûé íàêëîí.

Äàííîå ïðîãðàììíîå îáåñïå÷åíèå (ÏÎ) ìîæíî, ñ íåêîòîðîéíàòÿæêîé, îòíåñòè ê ðàçðÿäó ÏÎ ÃÈÑ, òàê êàê îíî ðàáîòàåò ñïðîñòðàíñòâåííûìè äàííûìè, è ïî íåìó ìîæíî â ëþáîé òî÷êåìåñòíîñòè ïîëó÷èòü êîîðäèíàòû ýòîé òî÷êè. Îñîáåííîñòüþ è ãëàâ-íûì îòëè÷èåì GE îò äðóãèõ, áîëåå ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ïàêåòîâ,ÿâëÿåòñÿ õðàíåíèå âñåõ äàííûõ íà ñåðâåðå Google (òî åñòü íè÷å-ãî â âèäå ôàéëîâ íà êîìïüþòåðå ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ íå ñîõðàíÿåòñÿ), àòàêæå îòîáðàæåíèå äàííûõ «íà ëåòó» – ëþáîå äåéñòâèå ñîïðî-âîæäàåòñÿ íåìåäëåííûì ðåçóëüòàòîì. Áîëüøàÿ ñêîðîñòü îòîáðà-æåíèÿ äàííûõ äîñòèãàåòñÿ çà ñ÷¸ò ïîêàçà äàííûõ íà ðàçíûõ óðîâ-íÿõ ãåíåðàëèçàöèè (îáîáùåíèÿ) è ïîñòåïåííîé ïðîðèñîâêè èõáîëåå äåòàëüíî, ïî ìåðå çàãðóçêè äàííûõ èç Èíòåðíåò.

Äàííûå, èñïîëüçóåìûå â ñèñòåìå GE, óæå ïîäãîòîâëåíû ê èñ-ïîëüçîâàíèþ, èõ íå íóæíî ñïåöèàëüíûì îáðàçîì îáðàáàòûâàòü,íî è íåëüçÿ ñïåöèôè÷åñêèì îáðàçîì íàñòðîèòü, êàê ýòî âîç-ìîæíî â ïðîôåññèîíàëüíûõ ïàêåòàõ ÃÈÑ, íàïðèìåð, ñìåíèòüñèñòåìó êîîðäèíàò, êîìáèíàöèþ êàíàëîâ äàííûõ äèñòàíöèîí-íîãî çîíäèðîâàíèÿ (ÄÄÇ), óëó÷øèòü ãåîãðàôè÷åñêóþ ïðèâÿçêóè ò.ä. Äàííûå äîñòóïíû íà âåñü ìèð.

Îñíîâó äàííûõ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ñïóòíèêîâûå ñíèìêè Landsat. Ýòèäàííûå äîñòóïû íà âåñü ìèð è ïðåäîñòàâëåíû êîìïàíèåéEarthSat. Îíè ïîëó÷åíû ñî ñïóòíèêà Landsat–7 ñ ïîìîùüþ êà-ìåðû ETM+, ðàçðåøåíèå íà ìåñòíîñòè ïîñëå ñïåöèàëüíîé îá-ðàáîòêè – 15 ì, ÷òî ïðèìåðíî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò ìàñøòàáó 1:100000.

Êðóïíûå ãîðîäà (Ìîñêâà, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã è íåêîòîðûå äðó-ãèå) è ìíîãèå ìèðîâûå òåððèòîðèè îòîáðàæàþòñÿ âïëîòü äîìàñøòàáîâ ïîðÿäêà 1:2000, ýòè äàííûå ïðåäñòàâëåíû êîìïà-íèåé DigitalGlobe è ñäåëàíû ñî ñïóòíèêà Quickbird–2, êàìåðîéBHRC–60, èñõîäíîå ðàçðåøåíèå ýòèõ ñíèìêîâ (0.68 ì) óìåíü-øåíî äî 2 ìåòðîâ.

Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ èçîáðàæåíèé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äàí-íûå î ðåëüåôå SRTM.

Â ðóññêîÿçû÷íîé ñåòè èíôîðìàöèþ î ïðîåêòå Google Mapsìîæíî íàéòè íà ñàéòå ÃÈÑ-ëàáîðàòîðèè8.

Google Earth6 is the new free softwarewhich works with geographic databaseavailable and stored on the internet.

All you need to start is download freespecial navigation software7 and immedi-ately start working with remote sensingdata on any part of the world in manyscales. On the start user is placed on theworld map, from which he can start navi-gating anywhere.

Navigation is limited to several instru-ments: zooming in and our, shifting alongaxis, rotation and tilt.

All the data which Google Earth allowsto navigate through is located on the in-ternet on Google servers, so you don’tneed to deal with complicated and timeconsuming data selection and preproc-essing, Google did that already. In caseyou internet connection is good you willhave rather high speed of data visuali-zation, this is achieved by using severallevels of generalization, data is gradual-ly redrawing while downloading it fromthe internet.

Base data is satellite imagery from Land-sat satellites. This data originates fromEarthSat company and available for thewhole world. It is taken by Enhanced The-matic Mapper Plus camera of Landsat–7satellite, dates back to 1999 and has spa-tial resolution of 15 meters, which equalsto approximately 1:100’000 scale.

For several big cities in Russia (Moscow,Saint-Petersburg and few others) and manyothers in the world higher resolution dataavailable. They are produced by Digital-Globe and taken from Quickbird–2 satel-lite, by BHRC–60 camera; source resolu-tion of this data (0.68 ì) slightly degradedto 2 meters.

Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ èçîáðà-æåíèé èñïîëüçóþòñÿ äàííûå î ðåëüåôåSRTM.

You can find more information on Googlecartography on GIS-Lab.info8.

ùèì ïàêåòîâ ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî ÏÎ ÃÈÑè íå âëàäåþùèõ ìåòîäàìè ðàáîòû â íèõ.

Íîâàÿ êàðòîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñèñòåìà Googleïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñëåäóþùèå âîçìîæíîñòè:• Ïðîñìîòð ñïóòíèêîâûõ ñíèìêîâ – óäîá-

íàÿ íàâèãàöèÿ, áåñøîâíîå ñîåäèíåíèå ñïóò-

• Creating of your own point data andexporting it into special format, distributa-ble for other users;• Overlaying of images (logotypes, cus-

tom maps etc.) and their approximate ref-erencing to topography;• Measuring distances and getting geo-

graphic coordinates;


íèêîâûõ ñíèìêîâ è ìîìåíòàëüíîå îòîáðà-æåíèå ñ ïîñòåïåííîé ïðîðèñîâêîé äåòàëåé;• Ïîñòðîåíèå ïåðñïåêòèâíûõ (ðåëüåô-

íûõ) èçîáðàæåíèé ñ íàëîæåíèåì ñïóòíè-êîâûõ ñíèìêîâ;• Íàíåñåíèå ñâîèõ òî÷åê è ýêñïîðò èõ â

ñïåöèàëüíûé ôàéë (â ôîðìàòå Google) äëÿîáìåíà ñ äðóãèìè ïîëüçîâàòåëÿìè ñèñòåìû;• Íàëîæåíèå ñâîèõ èçîáðàæåíèé (íà-

ïðèìåð: ëîãîòèïû, ñîáñòâåííûå êàðòû èò.ä.) è èõ ïðèìåðíîå ñîâìåùåíèå ñ ïîä-ñòèëàþùåé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ;• Èçìåðåíèå ðàññòîÿíèé è îïðåäåëåíèå

ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ êîîðäèíàò îáúåêòîâ;• Îáë¸ò òåððèòîðèè íà çàäàííîé âûñîòå

è ñêîðîñòè.Êîíòàêò (4).

1 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. Óçáåêèñòàí âêëþ÷èë-ñÿ â ðàáîòó ïî ðåàëèçàöèè ïðîãðàììûBirdLife International «Âàæíåéøèå Îð-íèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè (ÂÎÒ) Öåí-òðàëüíîé Àçèè», íàïðàâëåííóþ íà îðãà-íèçàöèþ â ðåãèîíå ñåòè òåððèòîðèé,èìåþùèõ ìåæäóíàðîäíîå çíà÷åíèå äëÿñîõðàíåíèÿ ïòèö (IBA) è áèîðàçíîîáðà-çèÿ â öåëîì, è èõ îõðàíó.

Ýòîìó ñîáûòèþ ïðåäøåñòâîâàë áîëåå÷åì ãîäîâîé ïîäãîòîâèòåëüíûé ïåðèîä.Äî 2004 ã. Öåíòðàëüíàÿ Àçèÿ îñòàâàëàñüîäíèì èç çíà÷èòåëüíûõ ïðîáåëîâ â ìè-ðîâîé ñåòè IBA/ÂÎÒ. Ïåðâûé ðàáî÷èéñåìèíàð BirdLife International ïî öåíò-ðàëüíîàçèàòñêèì ÂÎÒ, îðãàíèçîâàííûéRSPB, NABU è Ñåêðåòàðèàòîì BirdLife èôèíàíñèðóåìûé RSPB, ñîñòîÿëñÿ â ã. Àë-ìàòû â ìàå 2004 ã. Îí ñîáðàë ïðåäñòà-âèòåëåé íàó÷íûõ è ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõîðãàíèçàöèé èç 5 ñòðàí Öåíòðàëüíîàçè-àòñêîãî ðåãèîíà – Êàçàõñòàíà, Óçáåêèñ-òàíà, Êûðãûçñòàíà, Òàäæèêèñòàíà è Òóð-êìåíèñòàíà. Áûëè ðàçðàáîòàíû ïëàíû

• Flyover above given track on specifiedheight and speed.

Contact (4).

Íåêîòîðûå âîçìîæíîñ-òè ðàáîòû ñî ñíèìêàìèâ Goggle Earth: îêðåñò-íîñòè ã. Òâåðü (Ðîññèÿ)

Some possibilities ofworking with satellite im-ages in Goggle Earth:near Tver’ city (Russia)

(4) Êîíòàêò:Ìàêñèì ÄóáèíèíÃÈÑ-öåíòð ÌñîÝÑ107023 Ðîññèÿ Ìîñêâàïë. Æóðàâë¸âà 1ñòð.1. îô.43òåë.: (095) 963 54 20(095) 124 50 [email protected]://gis-lab.info

Âàëåðèé ÕðîíóñîâÃîðíûé èíñòèòóòÓðÎ ÐÀÍÐîññèÿ Ïåðìüòåë.: (342) 216 47 [email protected]

(4) Contact:Maxim DubininGIS-center of MO SEUGIS-Lab.infosq. Zhuravleva 1build.1, of.43 MoscowRussia 107023tel.: (095) 963 54 20(095) 124 50 [email protected]://gis-lab.info

Valery KhronusovMountain Institute ofthe Ural Branch ofRussian Academy ofSciencesRussia Permtel.: (342) [email protected]

Uzbekistan begins to realize the programof BirdLife International «Important BirdAreas of Central Asia» since 1 August 2005.

Central Asia was terra incognita in theworld network of IBA before 2004. The firstworkshop of BirdLife International on IBAsof Central Asia was held RSPB, NABU andBirdLife International and budgeted RSPB inAlma-Ata in May 2004. Plans for realizationof programme of IBA for 5 countries of theregion of Central Asia – Kazakhstan, Uz-bekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan and Turk-menistan were discussed on the seminar.

Two working seminars on the IBA’s pro-gramme were held in Tashkent in March andJuly 2005. Norbert Shaffer (leader of Euro-pean Programmes of RSPB), Michael Brom-bacher (coordinator of the IBA project inCentral Asia), ornithologists of Uzbekistan,officials of state environmental departmentsand NGO, teachers and students have tak-en part in seminars.

National coordinator and consultant ofproject «IBA of Uzbekistan» were assigned,

Ãîðà Àðàðàò (Òóðöèÿ) â Goggle Earth

The Ararat Mountain (Turkey) in Goggle Earth


îñóùåñòâëåíèÿ ïðîãðàììû ÂÎÒ äëÿ ñòðàí-ó÷àñòíèö.

Â ìàðòå è èþëå 2005 ã. 2 ðàáî÷èõ ñåìè-íàðà ïî ïðîãðàììå ÂÎÒ áûëè ïðîâåäåíû âÒàøêåíòå. Â íèõ ïðèíÿëè ó÷àñòèå ÍîðáåðòØàôôåð (ðóêîâîäèòåëü Åâðîïåéñêèõ Ïðî-ãðàìì RSPB), Ìèõàýëü Áðîìáàõåð (Êîîð-äèíàòîð ïðîåêòà ÂÎÒ â Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè),âåäóùèå ó÷¸íûå-îðíèòîëîãè Óçáåêèñòàíà,ïðåäñòàâèòåëè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ âåäîìñòâè îáùåñòâåííûõ îðãàíèçàöèé, ïðåïîäàâà-òåëè è ñòóäåíòû ÂÓÇîâ Ðåñïóáëèêè.

Áûëè íàçíà÷åíû Íàöèîíàëüíûé êîîðäè-íàòîð è êîíñóëüòàíò ïðîåêòà «ÂàæíåéøèåÎðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Óçáåêèñòà-íà», èçáðàí îáùåñòâåííûé ðàáî÷èé îðãàí– Íàöèîíàëüíûé Êîìèòåò, ñîñòàâëåí ñïèñîêèç 55 ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ÂÎÒ Óçáåêèñòàíà.

Ñîãëàñíî êðèòåðèÿì BirdLife Internationaläëÿ Óçáåêèñòàíà, 6 âèäîâ ïåðíàòûõ õèù-íèêîâ – îðëàí-äîëãîõâîñò (Haliaeetusleucoryphus), ÷¸ðíûé ãðèô (Aegypiusmonachus), ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca),áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aguila clanga), áàëî-áàí (Falco cerrug), ñòåïíàÿ ïóñòåëüãà (Falconaumanni) – ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãëîáàëüíî óãðîæàå-ìûìè è îòíåñåíû ê êàòåãîðèè SPEC 1 (êðè-òåðèé A1). Òóðêåñòàíñêèé òþâèê (Accipiterbadius) è ïóñòûííàÿ ñîâêà (Otus brucei)ÿâëÿþòñÿ èíäèêàòîðàìè èëè áèîìíûìèâèäàìè (êðèòåðèé A3) ïóñòûííûõ è ïîëó-ïóñòûííûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, ãèìàëàéñêèéãðèô (Gyps himalayensis) – èíäèêàòîðîìâûñîêîãîðèé.

Çà âðåìÿ, ïðîøåäøåå ñ íà÷àëà äåéñòâèÿïðîåêòà IBA/ÂÎÒ â Óçáåêèñòàíå, îðíè-òîëîãè ðåñïóáëèêè óæå çàâåðøèëè îáîá-ùàþùèé àíàëèç èìåþùèõñÿ äàííûõ äëÿèíâåíòàðèçàöèè 15 ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ âàæ-íåéøèõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé; äëÿçàïîëíåíèÿ ñóùåñòâóþùèõ ïðîáåëîâ âñïèñêå ïîòåíöèàëüíûõ ÂÎÒ ðàçðàáàòûâàåò-ñÿ ïëàí ïîëåâûõ èññëåäîâàíèé íà 2006 ã.

Ïðèîðèòåòíûå çàäà÷è ïðîåêòà: îáó÷èòüìåòîäàì ðàáîòû, îáåñïå÷èòü îïòèêîé èîïðåäåëèòåëÿìè ïîëåâûõ ðàáîòíèêîâ;îáñóäèòü ñ ïàðòíåðàìè (Ìèíèñòåðñòâà-ìè, êîîðäèíàòîðàìè IBA/ÂÎÒ è ò.ä.)ïðàêòè÷åñêèå ïðèðîäîîõðàííûå ìåðûäëÿ çàùèòû ÂÎÒ; ðàçâèâàòü ïðîåêòû ïî ðàç-

National Committee as a public workinggroup was elected and 55 potential IBAs ofUzbekistan were listed.

According to BirdLife International cri-teria for Uzbekistan, 6 species of raptorsare globally threatened (criterion of dis-tinguishing IBA A1): the Pallas’s Fish Ea-gle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), the BlackVulture (Aegypius monachus), the Impe-rial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), the Great Spot-ted Eagle (Aguila clanga), the Saker Fal-con (Falco cerrug), the Lesser Kestrel(Falco naumanni). The Shikra (Accipiterbadius), the Striated Scops Owl (Otus bru-cei) as indicators or biome species (crite-rion A3) of deserted and semi-deserted

×¸ðíûé ãðèô (Aegypius monachus) â ×àò-êàëüñêîì çàïîâåäíèêå. Ôîòî Ãåðíîòà Ïîëà

The Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) inthe Chatkal’skiy Nature Reserve. Photo byGernot Pohl

Ó÷àñòíèêè ðàáî÷èõ ñåìèíàðîâïî ïðîãðàììå ÂÎÒ â Òàøêåíòå â 2005 ã.

Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Ð. Êîøêàðîâûì

Participants of a workshop in the Tashkent forprogramme of IBA’s. Photo from R. Koshkarov

(5) Êîíòàêò:Êàøêàðîâ ÐîìàíÄàíèëîâè÷ÍàöèîíàëüíûéÊîîðäèíàòîð ïðîåêòà«Âàæíåéøèå îðíèòîëî-ãè÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè(ÂÎÒ) Óçáåêèñòàíà»700095 ÓçáåêèñòàíÒàøêåíò, óë. Íèÿçîâà 1Èíñòèòóò çîîëîãèèÀêàäåìèè ÍàóêÐåñïóáëèêè Óçáåêèñ-òàí, êîìí. 89òåë.: (998 71) 118 94 [email protected]

(5) Contact:Dr. Roman D. KashkarovProject Coordinator of‘Important Bird Areas(IBA) of Uzbekistan’Institute of ZoologyUzbekistan NationalAcademy of SciencesNiyazov str., 1, off. 89TashkentUzbekistan 700095tel.: (998 71) 118 94 [email protected]


ðàáîòêå ïëàíîâ ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ äëÿ êëþ÷å-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ; îáñóäèòü ñ ïðèðîäîîõðàí-íûìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìè âîçìîæíîñòü ïðåâðà-ùåíèÿ ÂÎÒ â çàïîâåäíèêè èëè çàêàçíèêè;âûïóñòèòü êíèãó «Âàæíåéøèå îðíèòîëîãè-÷åñêèå òåððèòîðèè Óçáåêèñòàíà»; ñîçäàòüñèñòåìó äîëãîâðåìåííîãî ìîíèòîðèíãà äëÿâñåõ ÂÎÒ Óçáåêèñòàíà.

Ïðîåêò «Âàæíåéøèå Îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèåÒåððèòîðèè â Óçáåêèñòàíå» îòêðûò äëÿ ñî-òðóäíè÷åñòâà, èíèöèàòèâ è ðàññ÷èòûâàåòíà âàøó ïîääåðæêó! Êîíòàêò (5).

Ñ 21 ïî 24 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Óëüÿ-íîâñêå (Ðîññèÿ) ñîñòîÿëèñü II Áóòóðëèí-ñêèå ÷òåíèÿ, ïîñâÿù¸ííûå ïàìÿòè èçâåñ-òíîãî ðîññèéñêîãî îðíèòîëîãà, îõîòîâåäà,èññëåäîâàòåëÿ Ñåâåðà, îäíîãî èç îñíîâî-ïîëîæíèêîâ ïðèðîäîîõðàííîãî äâèæåíèÿâ Ðîññèè – Ñåðãåÿ Àëåêñàíäðîâè÷à Áóòóð-

territories and the Himalayan Griffon (Gypshimalayensis) as indicator of highland ter-ritories.

Since the beginning of IBAs project in Uz-bekistan national ornithologists already havefinished a generalize analysis of availabledata for inventories of 15 potential IBAs.Now the plan for field researches for poten-tial IBAs in 2006 is worked out.

The project «IBA of Uzbekistan» welcomesto cooperation, initiatives and your support!Contact (5).

II Buturlinskie Chtenia was held in Uly-anovsk in 21–24 September 2005.

The conference was dedicated to memo-ries by famous Russian ornithologist, natu-ralist, researcher of the North of Russia, thefounder of environmental movement in Rus-sia – Sergey Alexandrovich Buturlin.

(6) Êîíòàêò:Îëüãà ÅãîðîâíàÁîðîäèíàÇàì. Äèðåêòîðà ïîíàó÷íîé ðàáîòåÎáëàñòíîãî êðàåâåä-÷åñêîãî ìóçåÿÒàòüÿíà ÀëåêñååâíàÃðîìîâàÇàâ. Îòäåëîì ïðèðîäûÎáëàñòíîãî êðàåâåä-÷åñêîãî ìóçåÿ432601 ÐîññèÿÓëüÿíîâñêÁ-ð Íîâûé Âåíåö 3/4Îáëàñòíîé êðàåâåä÷åñ-êèé ìóçåéÎòäåë ïðèðîäûòåë.: (8422) 44 30 16ôàêñ: (8422) 44 30 [email protected]

(6) Contact:Olga EgorovnaBorodinaDeputy director onscientific work of theRegional museum,Tatyana AlexeevnaGromovaManager of theDepartment of Nature inthe Regional museum,The Regional Museum,The Department ofNatureBoulevard NoviyVenets, 3/4UlyanovskRussia 432601tel.: (8422) 44 30 16,(8422) 44 31 00fax: (8422) 44 30 [email protected]

Four reports about raptors were soundedon the conference. They will be publishedin the conference proceeding. After confer-ence participants have visited the SurskiyReserve and the Center of Rescuing theWild Birds, where several rare raptors areliving, including White-Tailed Eagle andEagle Owl. Contact (6).

II Áóòóðëèíñêèå ÷òåíèÿ.Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíî Î. Áîðîäèíûì

II Buturlinskie Chtenia. Photo from O. Borodin

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò(Haliaeetus albicilla),

âûðàùåííûé â öåíòðåñïàñåíèÿ äèêèõ ïòèö.

Ôîòî Î. Áîðîäèíà

The White-Tailed Eagle(Haliaeetus albicilla)

from the Center of Rescuingthe Wild Birds.

Photo by O. Borodin

ëèíà. Íà êîíôåðåíöèè áûëè ïðåäñòàâëå-íû äîêëàäû Âàñèëèÿ Ã. Ï÷åëèíöåâà «Åâðî-ïåéñêàÿ ïðîãðàììà öâåòíîãî ìå÷åíèÿ îð-ëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà è âîçìîæíîñòè å¸ïðèìåíåíèÿ â Ðîññèè», Ìèðîñëàâà Â. Áàáóø-êèíà «Îñîáåííîñòè ïèòàíèÿ ñêîïû, îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà è ÷¸ðíîãî êîðøóíà â óñëîâèÿõÄàðâèíñêîãî çàïîâåäíèêà», Ëþäìèëû Ì. Íî-âèêîâîé «Ðåçóëüòàòû ìîíèòîðèíãà êðóïíûõõèùíûõ ïòèö â 2005 ã.», Àëåêñàíäðà Â. Àáó-ëàäçå «Îñîáåííîñòè ñåçîííûõ ìèãðàöèéõèùíûõ ïòèö íàä ãîðíûìè ìàññèâàìè Êàâ-êàçà è Áëèæíåãî Âîñòîêà». Âñå ïðåäñòàâ-ëåííûå íà êîíôåðåíöèè äîêëàäû áóäóòîïóáëèêîâàíû â ñáîðíèêå. Ïîñëå êîíôå-ðåíöèè ó÷àñòíèêè ïîñåòèëè Ñóðñêèé ðåñ-ïóáëèêàíñêèé çîîëîãè÷åñêèé çàêàçíèêèìåíè Ñ.À. Áóòóðëèíà è Öåíòð ñïàñåíèÿäèêèõ ïòèö ïðè Îáëàñòíîé ñòàíöèè þíûõíàòóðàëèñòîâ, ãäå ñîäåðæàòñÿ íåñêîëüêîðåäêèõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, â òîì ÷èñëåîðëàí-áåëîõâîñò è ôèëèí. Êîíòàêò (6).


Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íàìåòèëîñüðàçðåøåíèå êîíôëèêòà, äëèâ-øåãîñÿ 24 ãîäà, ìåæäó ïðèðî-äîîõðàííûìè îðãàíèçàöèÿìèè âëàäåëüöàìè âåòðÿíûõ ãåíå-ðàòîðîâ. Ñîâåò îêðóãà è âëà-äåëüöû ñîãëàñèëèñü îòêëþ÷èòüïîëîâèíó èç 5000 âåòðÿíûõãåíåðàòîðîâ, ÷òîáû óáåðå÷üîò ãèáåëè ïðîë¸òíûõ ïòèö.Êîíòàêò (7).

16 ïî 19 ìàÿ 2006 ã. â ã. Óëàí-Óäý (Ðåñ-ïóáëèêà Áóðÿòèÿ, Ðîññèÿ) áóäåò ïðîõî-äèòü III Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ îðíèòîëîãè-÷åñêàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ «Ñîâðåìåííûåïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è Öåí-òðàëüíîé Àçèè».

Îðãàíèçàòîðû êîíôåðåíöèè: Áóðÿòñêèéãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò (ÁÃÓ), Èíñòè-òóò áèîëîãèè Àêàäåìèè íàóê Ìîíãîëèè (ÈÁÀÍÌ), Áóðÿòñêîå îòäåëåíèå Ìåíçáèðîâñ-êîãî îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáùåñòâà è Îáùå-ñòâåííîå ýêîëîãè÷åñêîå äâèæåíèå «ÏòèöûÑèáèðè».

Íàïðàâëåíèÿ ðàáîòû êîíôåðåíöèè:• Èñòîðèÿ è ïåðñïåêòèâû îðíèòîëîãè-

÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé• Ìåòîäû èññëåäîâàíèé• Àíàòîìèÿ è ôèçèîëîãèÿ• Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå è ýâîëþöèÿ• Ñèñòåìàòèêà• Ôàóíà, íàñåëåíèå ïòèö, îðíèòîãåîã-

ðàôèÿ• Ýêîëîãèÿ è ïîâåäåíèå ïòèö• Îíòîãåíåç ïòèö• Ïðàêòè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå, îõðàíà è óï-

ðàâëåíèå ïîâåäåíèåì ïòèö

The move marked the first time during a24-year dispute at the world’s largest windfarm that the county board and windmill own-ers have agreed to shut down some of thewind turbines to protect birds. Contact (7).

Õîëìû è ãîðû Àëüòàìîíò Ïàññ – ýòî òåððèòîðèÿ, ãäåñîõðàíÿåòñÿ êðóïíåéøàÿ â ìèðå ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïèðîâ-êà áåðêóòîâ (Aquila chrysaetos). Âåòðîãåíåðàòîðû ðàñ-ïîëàãàþòñÿ âäîëü òèõîîêåàíñêîãî ïðîë¸òíîãî ïóòè –ãëàâíîãî ìàðøðóòà ìèãðèðóþùèõ ñåâåðîàìåðèêàíñ-êèõ ïòèö. Åæåãîäíî òóò ïîãèáàåò îêîëî 4700 ïòèö, ðàç-áèâàÿñü î òóðáèíû. Âåòðîãåíåðàòîðû Àëüòàìîíò Ïàññóáèâàþò ïòèö áîëüøå, ÷åì êàêèå-ëèáî äðóãèå â ÑØÀ.Ñðåäè ïòèö ãèáíåò áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî ïåðíàòûõ õèù-íèêîâ, òàêèõ êàê áåðêóò, êðàñíîõâîñòûé êàíþê (Buteojamaicensis) è íîðíûé ñû÷ (Athene cunicularia).

The hills and mountains near the Altamont Pass areone of the world’s largest nesting grounds for GoldenEagles (Aquila chrysaetos), a federally protected spe-cies. The Altamont wind turbines sit along the PacificFlyway – the main route for the winter migration ofbirds and kill each year about 4,700 birds. More birdsare killed at Altamont Pass than any other wind-pow-er area in the nation. These include about 500 raptorssuch as golden eagles, red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamai-censis) and burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia), ac-cording to studies by the California Energy Commission.

22 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. äèñïåò÷åðàìè îê-ðóãà Àëàìåäà (ÑØÀ) ïîä äàâëåíèåì ïðî-òåñòîâ ïðèðîäîîõðàííèêîâ áûëî ïðè-íÿòî ïîñòàíîâëåíèå îá îñòàíîâêå 2500âåòðÿíûõ ãåíåðàòîðîâ â ÀëüòàìîíòÏàññ íà 3 ìåñÿöà â ïåðèîä ìèãðàöèèõèùíûõ ïòèö.

Half of the 5,000 windmills in the Alta-mont Pass (USA) will be closed for threemonths this winter to protect migratoryraptors under a plan that AlamedaCounty supervisors adopted 22 Septem-ber 2005, over protests from environ-mentalists.

(7) Contact:Jim [email protected]

III International ornithological conference«Modern problems of ornithology in Si-beria and Central Asia» is planned for 16–19 May 2006 in Ulan-Ude (The Republicof Buryatia, Russia).

Organizers: State University of Buryatia(BSU), Institute of Biology AS of Mongolia,department of Menzbirovskoe Ornithologi-cal Society (MOS) in Buryatia and «Birds ofSiberia».

The following problems will be sounded:• History and future of ornithological re-

searches• Methods of researches• Anatomy and physiology• Origin and evolution• Systematic• Fauna, distribution and number of birds• Ecology and behavior of birds• Ontogenesis of birds

Ïðîë¸òíûå ïòèöû âÀëüòàìîíò Ïàññ.Ôîòî Ê. ÃîíñàëåñàThe migrating birds inthe Altamont Pass.Photo by Carlos AvilaGonzalez

(8) Êîíòàêò:Öûäûï Çàÿòóåâè÷Äîðæèåâïðåäñåäàòåëü êîíô.ä.á.í., ïðîôåññîðÝðäýíè Íèêîëàåâè÷Åëàåâçàì. ïðåäñåäàòåëÿêîíô., ä.á.í., äîöåíòÑâåòëàíà ËèíõîâîåâíàÑàíäàêîâàÑåêðåòàðü êîíô.670000 ÐîññèÿÓëàí-Óäýóë. Ñìîëèíà 24àÁóðÿòñêèé ãîñóíèâåð-ñèòåò, êàô. çîîëîãèèòåë.: (3012) 21 03 48,(3012) 21 15 93ôàêñ: (3012) 21 05 [email protected]@[email protected]@mail.ru


20–21 ìàÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Æåíåâå (Øâåéöà-ðèÿ) ïðîøëî 21-å ñîáðàíèå Êîìèòåòàïî æèâîòíûì ÑÈÒÅÑ.

Êîìèòåò ïî æèâîòíûì (AC – 21) îáñó-äèë 23 ïóíêòà ïîâåñòêè äíÿ, â òîì ÷èñëåîáçîð ïî òîðãîâëå âèäàìè æèâîòíûõ, âêëþ-÷¸ííûõ â ïðèëîæåíèÿ, è îáçîð çíà÷åíèÿòîðãîâëè äëÿ âèäîâ èç Ïðèëîæåíèÿ II.

Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïðåäëîæèë ó÷àñòíèêàìñôîêóñèðîâàòü âíèìàíèå íà ñòàòóñå âèäîâ,

The 21st meeting of the Animals Commit-tee (AC–21) of the Convention on Interna-tional Trade in Endangered Species of WildFauna and Flora (CITES) convened from 20–25 May 2005, in Geneva, Switzerland.

The Animals Committee (AC) discussed23 agenda items on issues including the re-view of trade in animal species included inthe Appendices and significant trade in Ap-pendix II species.

Guidelines for Contributors: Volume of Abstractsmust not more than 3 pages. Papers must be inMS Word (font 10 – Times New Roman Cyr, for-mat À5, size of tabulation – 1.25, interval – sin-gle), language – Russian, English, and German.Submissions aren’t reviewed.

The title of Abstracts should be given in capi-tal letters and bold-face (in 10 points Times NewRoman font). Name and surname should be insmall letters and bold-face (in 10 points) afterthe title through the interval. Organization, in-dex, city, post address, phone, e-mail should bein small letters and italic (10 points). Abstract inEnglish should be not more than 10 lines for pa-pers in Russian (with the title of report, name) insmall letters (10 points). Abstracts in Russianshould be for papers in English and German.

Also information about the author(ah) (name,scientific degree, place of work and job title, ad-dress, phone, e-mail) should be send with Ab-stracts.

Îáú¸ì òåçèñîâ – íå áîëåå 3 ñòðàíèö; òåêñò äîëæåí áûòüíàáðàí â ðåäàêòîðå Microsoft Win Word (øðèôò 10 –Times New Roman Cyr, ôîðìàòà À5, ðàçìåð àáçàöíîãîîòñòóïà 1.25, ìåæñòðî÷íûé èíòåðâàë – îäèíàðíûé),ÿçûê – ðóññêèé, àíãëèéñêèé, íåìåöêèé. Âûñëàííûå ñòà-òüè è òåñòû ðåäàêòèðîâàòüñÿ íå áóäóò.

Íàçâàíèå äîêëàäà äîëæíî áûòü íàáðàíî çàãëàâíûìèáóêâàìè, æèðíûì øðèôòîì, 10 êåãëü. È.Î. Ôàìèëèÿ –÷åðåç èíòåðâàë ïîñëå íàçâàíèÿ, ñòðî÷íûìè áóêâàìè,æèðíûì øðèôòîì, 10 êåãëü. Íàçâàíèå îðãàíèçàöèè, èí-äåêñ, ãîðîä, ïî÷òîâûé àäðåñ, òåë., Å-mail – ñòðî÷íûìèáóêâàìè, êóðñèâîì, 10 êåãëü. Àííîòàöèÿ íà àíãëèéñ-êîì ÿçûêå ïðèâîäèòñÿ äëÿ òåçèñîâ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå (ñóêàçàíèåì íàçâàíèÿ äîêëàäà, È.Î.Ô. è îñíîâíîãî ñî-äåðæàíèÿ íå áîëåå 10 ñòðîê, ñòðî÷íûìè áóêâàìè, 10êåãëü). Äëÿ òåçèñîâ íà àíãëèéñêîì è íåìåöêîì ÿçûêàõ –àííîòàöèÿ íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå.

Ê òåçèñàì íåîáõîäèìî ïðèëîæèòü èíôîðìàöèþ îáàâòîðå(àõ) (Ô.È.Î. ïîëíîñòüþ, ó÷¸íàÿ ñòåïåíü è çâà-íèå, ìåñòî ðàáîòû è äîëæíîñòü, àäðåñ, òåëåôîí, ýëåê-òðîííàÿ ïî÷òà).

• Ãóìàíèòàðíî-ñîöèàëüíûå àñïåêòû îð-íèòîëîãèè.

Æåëàþùèì ïðèíÿòü ó÷àñòèå â ðàáîòåêîíôåðåíöèè äî 15 ôåâðàëÿ 2006 ã. íå-îáõîäèìî âûñëàòü òåçèñû äîêëàäîâ ïî ïî-÷òå íà äèñêåòàõ (ñ ïðèëîæåíèåì ðàñïå÷àò-êè òåêñòà â 1 ýêç.) èëè â ýëåêòðîííîì âèäåïî àäðåñàì, óêàçàííûì â êîíòàêòàõ (8).

Äëÿ ñâîåâðåìåííîé ïîäãîòîâêè è ïóá-ëèêàöèè ìàòåðèàëîâ êîíôåðåíöèè è âîç-ìåùåíèÿ ïî÷òîâûõ ðàñõîäîâ íåîáõîäèìîäî 15 ôåâðàëÿ 2006 ã. ïåðåâåñòè îðãàíè-çàöèîííûé âçíîñ, êîòîðûé ñîñòàâëÿåò äëÿîðíèòîëîãîâ Ðîññèè, ñòðàí ÑÍÃ è Ìîíãî-ëèè – 300 ðóá. èëè 10 åâðî, äëÿ àñïèðàí-òîâ è ñòóäåíòîâ – 100 ðóá. èëè 3 åâðî, äëÿîðíèòîëîãîâ äðóãèõ ñòðàí – 50 åâðî çàîäèí äîêëàä íà ïî÷òîâûé àäðåñ, óêàçàííûéâ êîíòàêòàõ.

Êîíòàêò (8).

• Practical significance, conservation andmanagement of birds behavior• Humanitarian and social aspects of or-

nithologyRussian is the official language of the con-

ference.For participation in the conference ab-

stracts must be submitted by post on anIBM-compatible 3,5» floppy disk (togetherwith one hard-copy printout) or by e-mailat contact address (8).

The registration fee for participants fromRussia, ñountries former USSR and Mongo-lia is 300 rubles or 10 euro, for students andpost-graduates – 100 rubles or 10 euro, forparticipants from other countries – 50 eurofor 1 report. It must be sent at contact ad-dress by post. The deadline for submissionof Abstracts and registration fee is 15 Feb-ruary 2006. Contact (8).

Falcons and SITES

НОВОСТИ СИТЕС

(8) Contact:Prof. Dr. Tsydyp Z.DorzhiyevChairman of theConference,Dr. Erdeni N. YelayevVice-chairman of theConference,Svetlana L. SandakovaSecretary of theConferenceBuruat State UniversityDepartment of zoologySmolina str., 24aUlan-Ude Russia670000tel.: (3012) 21 03 48,(3012) 21 15 93fax: (3012) 21 05 [email protected]@[email protected]@mail.ru


âûáðàííûõ äëÿ îáçîðà íà ïðîøëûõ âñòðå-÷àõ, â òîì ÷èñëå íà ñòàòóñå ñîêîëà-áàëî-áàíà (Falco cherrug). Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïîä÷åð-êíóë, ÷òî ãîñóäàðñòâàì, ëåæàùèì â àðåàëåáàëîáàíà, íåîáõîäèìî ïîä÷èíèòüñÿ ðåêî-ìåíäàöèÿì äî ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. Ó÷àñòíèêèñîáðàíèÿ ïðèíÿëè âî âíèìàíèå ñèòóàöèþâ ñòðàíàõ, êîòîðûå íå ïðåäîñòàâèëè èí-ôîðìàöèþ ïî òîðãîâëå ëèáî ïðåäîñòàâè-ëè íåäîñòàòî÷íûå äàííûå ïî ýòîìó âîïðî-ñó, è ñîãëàñîâàëè ñïèñîê ñòðàí è âèäîâ,êîòîðûå íåîáõîäèìî âêëþ÷èòü â ñëåäóþ-ùèé ýòàï ïðîöåññà.

Ïðåäñåäàòåëü ïðåäñòàâèë ñëåäóþùèå ðå-êîìåíäàöèè:• çàïðîñèòü ñòðàíû, îïðåäåë¸ííûå êàê

ñòðàíû «ñèëüíîãî áåñïîêîéñòâà», ÷òîáû íà-âÿçàòü íóëåâóþ êâîòó äëÿ áàëîáàíà (Èðàí,Êàçàõñòàí, Êèðãèçèÿ, Ìîíãîëèÿ, Ïàêèñòàí,Ðîññèÿ, Ñàóäîâñêàÿ Àðàâèÿ, Òóðêìåíèÿ èÓçáåêèñòàí);• çàïðîñèòü ñòðàíû «âîçìîæíîãî áåñïî-

êîéñòâà», êîòîðûå íå ïðåäîñòàâèëè èíôîð-ìàöèè ïî òîðãîâëå è ðàçâåäåíèþ â íåâîëå;• èñêëþ÷èòü ñòðàíû «íàèìåíüøåãî áåñ-

ïîêîéñòâà» èç îáçîðà.Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïðåäóïðåäèë î çàïðîñàõ

èíôîðìàöèè ïî ðàçâåäåíèþ ïòèö â íåâî-ëå äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îòñëåäèòü ïðîèñõîæäå-íèå ñîêîëîâ â ðàìêàõ RST ïðîöåññà, ïî-ñêîëüêó ýòîò ïðîöåññ íå èìååò äåëî ñíåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëåé. Åâðîïà è ÎÀÝ îò-ìåòèëè, ÷òî Êîìèòåòó ïî æèâîòíûì íåîá-õîäèìî èìåòü èíôîðìàöèþ ïî ðàçâåäåíèþâ íåâîëå äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ïðîâîäèòü ïîëíî-öåííûé îáçîð. Êîìèòåò ïðèíÿë ýòè ðåêî-ìåíäàöèè ñ íåçíà÷èòåëüíûìè ïîïðàâêàìèè âûðàçèë áåñïîêîéñòâî ïî ïîâîäó äèêèõæèâîòíûõ, ýêñïîðòèðóåìûõ êàê «âûâåäåí-íûå â íåâîëå», ñîãëàñíî èíôîðìàöèè îïå-ðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû ÑÈÒÅÑ ïî ñîêîëàì. Íà îò-âåòû ñòðàí îòíîñèòåëüíî ñóáúåêòà âèäà âîáçîðå, ïðåäñåäàòåëü âûðàçèë îáùåå áåñ-ïîêîéñòâî íåäîñòàòêîì îòâåòîâ ìíîãèõñòðàí è ïðåäñòàâëåííîì ñïèñêå âèäîâ èñòðàí, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü âêëþ÷åíû âñëåäóþùèå ýòàïû. Îí îòìåòèë, ÷òî ñòðàíû,êîòîðûå íå îáåñïå÷èëè òðåáóåìóþ èíôîð-ìàöèþ, íå èñêëþ÷åíû èç RST. Êîíòàêò (9).

27 èþíÿ–1 èþëÿ 2005 ã. â ã. Æåíåâå (Øâåé-öàðèÿ) ïðîøëà 53-ÿ âñòðå÷à Ïîñòîÿííî-ãî Êîìèòåòà ÑÈÒÅÑ, íà êîòîðîé îáñóæ-äàëèñü âîïðîñû, ñâÿçàííûå ñ òîðãîâëåéñîêîëàìè äëÿ íóæä ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû.

Èòîãîâûé äîêóìåíò âñòðå÷è îïóáëèêîâàííà ñòð. 16–17 (Ðåçîëþöèÿ)9. Êîíòàêò (9).

The Secretariat updated participants onthe status of species selected for reviewat past meetings including the Saker Fal-con (Falco cherrug). The Secretariatstressed that the deadline for range Statesto comply with recommendations is Sep-tember 2005. They considered the situa-tion of countries that had not replied andwhose trade data were insufficient andagreed on a list of countries and speciesto be included in the next stage of theprocess. The Chairman presented recom-mendations to:• request countries categorized as «of

urgent concern» to impose a zero quotafor Saker Falcon (Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyr-gyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, the RussianFederation, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistanand Uzbekistan);• request those of «possible concern»

that have not replied, to provide trade sta-tistics and details on captive breeding fa-cilities;• exclude countries of «least concern»

from the review.The Secretariat cautioned about request-

ing information on breeding facilities in or-der to track the origin of falcons within theRST process, since this process does not dealwith illegal trade. Europe and the UnitedArab Emirates stressed the need for the ACto have information on breeding facilities inorder to conduct a well-informed review.The AC adopted these recommendationswith a minor amendment, and decided tocommunicate concern on wild specimensbeing exported as captive bred to the CITESFalcons Enforcement Task Force. On coun-try replies regarding species subject to re-view, Chair Althaus conveyed the group’sconcern about the lack of replies by manycountries and presented a list of species andcountries that would be included in the nextstages. He noted that countries that had notprovided the required information were notexcluded from the RST.

Contact (9).

The fifty-third meeting of the StandingCommittee ÑITES on the 27 June–1 July2005, Geneva Switzerland. In the duecourse of the meeting the problems of tradein falcons for falconry were discussed.

The final document from meeting is giv-en on the pages 16–17 (ôàéë ÑÈÒÅÑìèòèíã.doc)9.

Contact (9).

(9) Contact:CITES SecretariatInternationalEnvironment HouseChemin des AnemonesCH–1219 ChatelaineGeneva Switzerlandtel.: (+4122) 917 81 39fax: (+4122) 797 34 [email protected]://www.cites.org

9 www.cites.org/eng/com/SC/53/E53–22.pdf


Â èþëå-ñåíòÿáðå 2006 ã. áóäåò ïðîâî-äèòüñÿ 22-å ñîáðàíèå Êîìèòåòà ïî æè-âîòíûì ÑÈÒÅÑ. Òî÷íàÿ äàòà ïðîâåäåíèÿñîáðàíèÿ áóäåò îïðåäåëåíà ïîçæå. Áîëü-øå èíôîðìàöèè ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü â Ñåê-ðåòàðèàòå ÑÈÒÅÑ. Êîíòàêò (9).

Â ìàðòå-ìàå 2007 ã. â Ãîëëàíäèè áóäåòïðîâîäèòüñÿ ×åòûðíàäöàòàÿ êîíôå-ðåíöèÿ ó÷àñòíèêîâ ÑÈÒÅÑ (COP–14).

Òî÷íàÿ äàòà ïðîâåäåíèÿ êîíôåðåíöèèáóäåò îïðåäåëåíà ïîçæå. Áîëüøå èíôîð-ìàöèè ìîæíî ïîëó÷èòü â ÑåêðåòàðèàòåÑÈÒÅÑ. Êîíòàêò (9).

22-th meeting of the CITES AnimalsCommittee (AC–22) will be held back-to-back between July and September2006, at a venue to be confirmed. Formore information, contact: CITES Secre-tariat. Contact (9).

Fourteenth Conference of the Parties toCITES (COP–14) will take place in theNetherlands between March and May2007.

For more information, contact: CITES Sec-retariat. Contact (9).

Contraband of falcons

КОНТРАБАНДА СОКОЛОВ

18 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. â ðåçóëüòàòå îïåðà-òèâíî-ðîçûñêíûõ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ñî-òðóäíèêè Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé òàìîæíèñîâìåñòíî ñ ïîãðàíè÷íèêàìè ïðåñåê-ëè ïîïûòêó íåçàêîííîãî ïåðåìåùåíèÿèç Ìîíãîëèè íà òåððèòîðèþ Ðîññèè 19áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug)10.

Ìóæ÷èíà ñðåäíèõ ëåò, ãðàæäàíèí Ðîñ-ñèè, íàðóøèë ãîñóäàðñòâåííóþ ãðàíèöó èñêðûòíî ïåðåø¸ë íà ðîññèéñêóþ òåððè-òîðèþ ñî ñòîðîíû Ìîíãîëèè â ðàéîíåÒàøàíòèíñêîãî ïîñòà Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé òà-ìîæíè è â ðåçóëüòàòå áûë çàäåðæàí îïå-ðàòèâíîé ãðóïïîé.

Â õîäå äîñìîòðà åãî ëè÷íûõ âåùåé áûëèîáíàðóæåíû 19 ñîêîëîâ-áàëîáàíîâ. Ïòè-öû íàõîäèëèñü â 5 êîðîáêàõ èç-ïîä áàíà-íîâ, â êîòîðûõ áûëè ïðîäåëàíû âåíòèëÿ-öèîííûå îòâåðñòèÿ. Íà ïòèö áûëè íàäåòûêëîáó÷êè, ëàïû áûëè ñâÿçàíû âåðåâêîé.

Â íàñòîÿùèé ìîìåíò ñîòðóäíèêàìè òà-ìîæíè ïðîâîäÿòñÿ äàëüíåéøèå îïåðàòèâ-íî-ñëåäñòâåííûå ìåðîïðèÿòèÿ, óñòàíàâëè-âàþòñÿ ñîîáùíèêè çàäåðæàííîãî èäàëüíåéøèé ìàðøðóò òðàíñïîðòèðîâêèïòèö. Ïî äàííîìó ôàêòó âîçáóæäåíî óãî-ëîâíîå äåëî ïî ñòàòüå 188 ÓÊ ÐÔ – «êîí-òðàáàíäà».

Â ìîìåíò çàäåðæàíèÿ êîíòðàáàíäèñòàòðè ïòèöû îêàçàëèñü ïîãèáøèìè – ïî ïðåä-âàðèòåëüíîìó çàêëþ÷åíèþ ìåñòíîãî îðíè-òîëîãà ïòèöû íå âûäåðæàëè ñòðåññà ïðèòðàíñïîðòèðîâêå. 11 ïòèö áûëè âûïóùå-íû íà âîëþ ÷åðåç íåñêîëüêî äíåé ïîñëå

Employees of Gorno-Altaisk Customs withfrontiersmen stopped an attempt of ille-gal transporting 19 Sakers (Falco cherrug)from Mongolia on territory of Russia onthe 18 of August 200510.

The man, person of Russia, has crossed astate border from Mongolia to Russia in theregion of Tashatinskiy post of Gorno-AltaiskCustoms and as a result was arrested. Con-ducting a search of his staff 19 Sakers werefound. Birds were in 5 boxes.

Now employees of customs conduct theinvestigation. A criminal action was broughton the article 188 of CC RF – «contraband».At a moment of the arrest of smuggler threebirds were dead. 11 birds were set free af-ter several days after the arrest. 5 falcons,

10 http://www.ecoclub.nsu.ru/

(10) Êîíòàêò:Àëåêñàíäð Ìàëèêïðåññ-ñëóæáà Ñèáèðñ-êîé îïåðàòèâíîéòàìîæíèÍîâîñèáèðñê Ðîññèÿòåë.: (383) 359 98 [email protected]

Ýëüâèðà ÍèêîëåíêîÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêà/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ:(383) 339 78 [email protected]

(10) Contact:Alexandr Malikpress-cutting service ofSiberia operationalcustomNovosibirsk, Russiaòåë.: (383) 359 98 [email protected]

Elvira NikolenkoNGO SiberianEnviromental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax: (3833) 39 78 [email protected]

16 áàëîáàíîâ (Falco cherrug), ðåêâèçèðîâàííûõ òà-ìîæíåé â Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíîÑèáèðñêîé îïåðàòèâíîé òàìîæíåé.

16 Sakers (Falco cherrug) confiscated by customs in theAltai Republic. Photo from Siberian operative customs.


çàäåðæàíèÿ. 5 îáåññèëèâøèõ ñîêîëîâ, êî-òîðûå íå ñìîãëè óëåòåòü, áûëè ïåðåïðàâ-ëåíû â ã. Áàðíàóë, â ïèòîìíèê ïî ðàçâåäå-íèþ ðåäêèõ ïòèö «Àëòàé-Ôàëêîí».

Â ñåðåäèíå ñåíòÿáðÿ íàø ñïåöèàëüíûéêîððåñïîíäåíò, Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêî, ïî-ñåòèëà ïèòîìíèê: ñîñòîÿíèå ðåêâèçèðî-âàííûõ ïòèö áûëî õîðîøåå, îíè áûëè ãî-òîâû ê âûïóñêó íà âîëþ. Íî áóäóò ëè îíèîòïóùåíû â áëèæàéøåå âðåìÿ èëè îñòàíóò-ñÿ íà ñîäåðæàíèè â ïèòîìíèêå – ïîêà íåèçâåñòíî, òàê êàê ýòè ïòèöû íåîáõîäèìû âêà÷åñòâå âåùåñòâåííîãî äîêàçàòåëüñòâà âñóäåáíîì ïðîöåññå. Êîíòàêò (10).

which did not be able to fly, were transport-ed to Barnaul in The Center for Breeding ofthe Rare Birds «Altai-Falcon». In Septemberour special correspondent, Elvira Nikolenkohas visited the center: condition of im-pounding birds came in well; they wereready to set free. Will falcons set free in thefuture or stay in the center? It’s unknown,since these birds are necessary as materialevidence in the lawsuit. Contact (10).

CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORAFifty-third meeting of the Standing Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 27 June – 1 July 2005.Interpretation and implementation of the ConventionÊÎÍÂÅÍÖÈß ÏÎ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÉ ÒÎÐÃÎÂËÅ ÂÈÄÀÌÈ ÄÈÊÎÉ ÔÀÓÍÛ È ÔËÎÐÛ,ÍÀÕÎÄßÙÈÌÈÑß ÏÎÄ ÓÃÐÎÇÎÉ ÈÑ×ÅÇÍÎÂÅÍÈßÏÿòüäåñÿò òðåòüÿ âñòðå÷à Ïîñòîÿííîãî Êîìèòåòà â ã. Æåíåâå (Øâåéöàðèÿ), 27 èþíÿ – 1 èþëÿ 2005 ã.Èíòåðïðåòàöèÿ è ðåàëèçàöèÿ Êîíâåíöèè

Òîðãîâëÿ ñîêîëàìè äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû(SC53 Äîê. 22)9.

1. Ýòîò äîêóìåíò ïîäãîòîâëåí ÑåêðåòàðèàòîìÑÈÒÅÑ.

Ïðåäûñòîðèÿ

2. Íà ñâîåé 51-é âñòðå÷å (ã. Áàíãêîê, îêòÿáðü,2004 ã.) Ïîñòîÿííûé Êîìèòåò îòìåòèë ñîîáùåíèåÑåêðåòàðèàòà (äîêóìåíò SC51 äîê. 13) ïî òîðãîâ-ëå ñîêîëàìè äëÿ ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû. Äîêóìåíò ñî-äåðæàë ïðåäëîæåíèå îá ó÷ðåæäåíèè Îïåðàòèâ-íîé Ãðóïïû ÑÈÒÅÑ (CITES Enforcement Task Force)äëÿ îöåíêè íåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëè ñîêîëàìè. Ïî-

Trade in falcons for falconry(SC53 Doc. 22)9.

1. This document has been prepared by the Sec-retariat CITES.

Background

2. At its 51st meeting (Bangkok, October 2004),the Standing Committee noted a report from the

Secretariat (document SC51 Doc. 13) on the tradein falcons for falconry. The document included a

suggestion that a CITES Enforcement Task Forcebe established to examine illicit trade in falcons.

The Standing Committee expressed general sup-

Òðàíñïîðòèðîâêà ðåêâèçèðîâàííûõ ïòèö. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíîÑèáèðñêîé îïåðàòèâíîé òàìîæíåé

Transporting of confiscated birds. Photo from Siberian operative customs

Áàëîáàí, îòïóùåííûé íà âîëþ ó ãðàíèöûñ Ìîíãîëèåé. Ôîòî ïðåäîñòàâëåíîÑèáèðñêîé îïåðàòèâíîé òàìîæíåé

The Saker Falcon has being freednear the border with Mongolia.

Photo from Siberian operative customs


ñòîÿííûé Êîìèòåò âûðàçèë îáùóþ ïîääåðæêó ýòî-ãî ïðåäëîæåíèÿ, íî îòëîæèë ïðèíÿòèå ðåøåíèÿäî îáùåé êîíôåðåíöèè, ÷òîáû ñòðàíû ÑÈÒÅÑèìåëè âîçìîæíîñòü îáñóäèòü îáùóþ êîíöåïöèþó÷ðåæäåíèÿ ñïåöèàëüíîé Îïåðàòèâíîé Ãðóïïû.

3. Íà ñâîåé 13-îé âñòðå÷å (CoP13, ã. Áàíãêîê,îêòÿáðü 2004 ã.) êîíôåðåíöèÿ ñòðàí ÑÈÒÅÑ ïîä-òâåðäèëà ðåêîìåíäàöèè ýêñïåðòíîé ãðóïïû ÑÈ-ÒÅÑ è Ñåêðåòàðèàòà (îïèñàííûå ïîäðîáíî â äîêó-ìåíòå CoÐ13 äîê. 23), ïî ó÷ðåæäåíèþîïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû, êîòîðàÿ ñôîêóñèðóåòñÿ íàïðîâåäåíèè ðåøåíèé, ñâÿçàííûõ ñ òîðãîâëåé ñî-êîëàìè äëÿ íóæä ñîêîëèíîé îõîòû. Ýòà êîíöåï-öèÿ ñåé÷àñ âêëþ÷åíà â ðåçîëþöèþ êîíô. 11.3(Rev. CoP13) (Ñîãëàñèå è ïðèíóæäåíèå).

Ñåêðåòàðèàò îçàäà÷èëñÿ êîîðäèíèðîâàíèåì ðà-áîòû òàêîé îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû è ðåøèë ïåðåäàòüðóêîâîäñòâî å¸ ðàáîòîé Ïîñòîÿííîìó Êîìèòåòóäëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû îïðåäåëèòü ñóáúåêòû, êîòîðûå äîë-æíû áûòü ïðîâåðåíû, è îáëàñòü êîìïåòåíöèè îïå-ðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû.

Ñîâðåìåííàÿ äåÿòåëüíîñòü

4. Â îòâåò íà ñîîáùåíèÿ î ïðîäîëæàþùåéñÿ çíà-÷èòåëüíîé íåëåãàëüíîé òîðãîâëå, à òàê æå â îòâåòíà âûðàæåíèå èíòåðåñà ñòðàíàìè ÑÈÒÅÑ, â äåêàá-ðå 2004 ã. Ñåêðåòàðèàò çàïðîñèë îäîáðåíèå ÷ëå-íîâ Ïîñòîÿííîãî Êîìèòåòà ïî ïðîäîëæåíèþ ñî-çûâà îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû ïî ñîêîëàì (FETF)ÑÈÒÅÑ. Íèêàêèå âîçðàæåíèÿ ïî ýòîìó ïðåäëîæå-íèþ íå áûëè ïîëó÷åíû.

5. Ñåêðåòàðèàò âïîñëåäñòâèè íàïèñàë îäíîé èçñòðàí â íàäåæäå, ÷òî îíà âûñòóïèò â êà÷åñòâå ãëàâ-íîé â îðãàíèçàöèè îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû, íî îòâåòïîêà åù¸ íå ïîëó÷åí. Ïîêà ãëàâíàÿ ñòðàíà íå îïðå-äåëèëàñü, Ñåêðåòàðèàò íå â ñîñòîÿíèè îïðåäåëèòüáþäæåò äëÿ òàêîé ãðóïïû èëè íàéòè àññèãíîâàíèÿ.Îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî ìíîãèå ñòðàíû, êîòîðûå äîëæíûáûòü ïðåäñòàâëåíû â îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïå, ïîòðåáó-þò äëÿ ó÷àñòèÿ ôèíàíñîâóþ ïîääåðæêó.

6. Ñåêðåòàðèàò òàêæå ó÷ò¸ò ðàáîòó Êîìèòåòà ïîæèâîòíûì ïî îáçîðó òîðãîâëè áàëîáàíàìè â ðàì-êàõ Îáçîðà ïî Çíà÷èòåëüíîé Òîðãîâëå.

Ðåêîìåíäàöèè

Ñåêðåòàðèàò ðåêîìåíäóåò Ïîñòîÿííîìó Êîìèòå-òó ïðèãëàñèòü ñòðàíû ÑÈÒÅÑ íà äîáðîâîëüíûõ íà÷à-ëàõ âûñòóïèòü â êà÷åñòâå êîîðäèíàòîðà äëÿ ñîáðà-íèÿ îïåðàòèâíîé ãðóïïû è ïîääåðæèâàåò äîíîðîââ ñîäåéñòâèè ýòîé èíèöèàòèâû. Ñåêðåòàðèàò ïîäãî-òîâèë ïðîåêòíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî ðàáî-òû è ìîæåò èõ ïðåäñòàâèòü çàèíòåðåñîâàííûì ñòðà-íàì. Îí ïîä÷åðêèâàåò, îäíàêî, ÷òî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíîòðóäíî îöåíèòü ñòîèìîñòü òàêîãî ñîáðàíèÿ, ïîêàãëàâíàÿ ñòðàíà íå îïðåäåëèòñÿ.

port for the suggestion but deferred any decisionuntil the Conference of the Parties had had an op-portunity to discuss the general concept of estab-lishing ad hoc task forces.

3. At its 13th meeting (CoP13 Bangkok, October2004) the Conference of the Parties endorsed a rec-ommendation from the CITES Enforcement ExpertGroup and the Secretariat (described in greater de-tail in document CoP13 Doc. 23) that ad hoc taskforces be established to focus on enforcement re-lated issues as and when they were required. Thisconcept is now included in Resolution Conf. 11.3(Rev. CoP13) (Compliance and enforcement).

4. The Secretariat is tasked with coordinating thework of such task forces and is directed to workwith the Standing Committee to determine the sub-jects to be examined and the terms of reference fortask forces.

Recent activities

5. In response to reports of continuing significantillicit trade in falcons and expressions of concernby Parties, the Secretariat wrote to members of theStanding Committee in December 2004 and soughttheir approval to proceed to convene a CITES Fal-con Enforcement Task Force. No objections to thisproposal were received.

6. The Secretariat subsequently wrote to one Par-ty that it believed might be willing to act as thehost country for a task force meeting but it has yetto receive a response. Until a host country can beidentified, the Secretariat is unable to create a budg-et for such a meeting or seek funding. It is expect-ed that many of the Parties that should be repre-sented in the Task Force will require financial supportto participate.

7. The Secretariat will also take account of thework being done by the Animals Committee in re-lation to the review of trade in specimens of Falcocherrug under the Review of Significant Trade.

Recommendation

8. The Secretariat recommends that the StandingCommittee invite Parties to volunteer to host thetask force meeting and that it encourage donors tocontribute to this initiative. The Secretariat has pre-pared a project proposal in relation to this work andcan make it available to interested Parties. It em-phasizes, however, that it is extremely difficult toestimate costs for such a meeting until the hostcountry is identified.

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðàÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 318

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé ëåæèò íà ñòûêå Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû è Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîé ãîð-íîé îáëàñòè, ïðîñòèðàÿñü áîëåå ÷åì íà350 êì ñ ñåâåðà íà þã è äî 500 êì ñ çàïà-äà íà âîñòîê è çàíèìàÿ îêîëî 164 òûñ. êì2.Äàæå ïîñëå òîãî, êàê îò êðàÿ áûëà îòäåëå-íà Ðåñïóáëèêà Àëòàé, îõâàòûâàþùàÿ îñ-íîâíûå ãîðíûå ìàññèâû Ðóññêîãî Àëòàÿ,ýòà òåððèòîðèÿ îòëè÷àåòñÿ ðàçíîîáðàçè-åì è êîíòðàñòíîñòüþ ëàíäøàôòîâ.

Âñÿ ðàâíèííàÿ ÷àñòü êðàÿ è ïîëîñà ïðåä-ãîðèé Àëòàÿ îòíîñÿòñÿ ê ñòåïíîé çîíå(âêëþ÷àÿ â íå¸ ëåñîñòåïü). Â ïðåäåëàõ ýòîéçîíû åñòü êðóïíûå èíòðàçîíàëüíûå ëåñíûåìàññèâû – ëåíòî÷íûå è ïðèîáñêèå ñîñíî-âûå áîðû. Íèçêîãîðüÿ è ñðåäíåãîðüÿ Àë-òàÿ è õîëìû Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà íà âîñòî-êå êðàÿ – ýòî îáëàñòü âûñîòíîé ïîÿñíîñòè.Â íèæíåì ïîÿñå çäåñü òàêæå âñþäó ïðåä-ñòàâëåíû ñòåïü è ëåñîñòåïü, à âûøå ðàñ-ïîëîæåíû ãîðíûå ëåñà, ñðåäè êîòîðûõïðåîáëàäàåò «÷åðíü». Âåðõíÿÿ ãðàíèöàëåñà â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ äîñòèãàåòñÿ íà âåð-øèíàõ íåñêîëüêèõ õðåáòîâ, ãäå ðàçâèòûãîëüöîâûå ëàíäøàôòû ñ àëüïèéñêèìè èñóáàëüïèéñêèìè ëóãàìè è ãîðíîé òóíäðîé.Áëàãîäàðÿ ðàçíîîáðàçèþ ñâî-èõ ëàíäøàôòîâ, Àëòàéñêèéêðàé îáëàäàåò òàêæå íàèáîëü-øèì â Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè áèî-ðàçíîîáðàçèåì, êàê íà óðîâ-íå ñîîáùåñòâ, òàê è íà óðîâíåôëîðû è ôàóíû.

The Altai Kray (Province) occupies the bor-der between the West-Siberian plain andAltai-Sayan mountain regions and covers164000 êì2. The territory is covered by avariety of landscapes ranging from plainsand plateaus to steep mountains and fromtaiga forest to arid steppes.

The entire plain part of the Kray and thefoothills belt lie within the steppe zone.Within this zone there are large patchesof pine forests. The foothills of the AltayMountains and the Salair Range are occu-pied by steppe and forest-steppe, and theupper parts are covered with wet aspen-firforests. Due to the abundance of a variety oflandscapes, the Altai Kray accommodatesthe largest amount of biodiversity in WestSiberia.

Virtually all of these ecosystems have thelarge viable populations of birds of prey,including rare and threatened species. Thefoothills accommodate a large proportionof the breeding habitat of the Steppe Ea-gle (Aquila nipalensis) and nesting on cliffsfor the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)and the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). The

Problem of NumberПРОБЛЕМА НОМЕРА

Altai Kray: the future of the largest raptorial diversity hotspotsdepends on urgent conservation measures

АЛТАЙСКИЙ КРАЙ – БУДУЩЕЕ ОДНОГО ИЗ КРУПНЕЙШИХРОССИЙСКИХ ОЧАГОВ РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВЗАВИСИТ ОТ ПРИРОДООХРАННЫХ МЕР

I.E. Smelansky (NGO Siberian Enviromental Center, Novosibirsk Russia)И.Э. Смелянс ий (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)

Êîíòàêò:Èëüÿ ÑìåëÿíñêèéÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêà/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ:(383) 339 78 [email protected]

Contact:Ilya SmelanskyNGO SiberianEnviromental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax:(383) 339 78 [email protected]

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé îòëè÷àåòñÿ ðàçíîîáðàçèåì èêîíòðàñòíîñòüþ ëàíäøàôòîâ. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The Altai Kray is covered by a variety of landscapes.

Photo by I. Smelansky

Problem of Number Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 19

Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ýòè ýêîñèñòåìû ñîõðà-íÿþò çíà÷èòåëüíûå ïîïóëÿöèè ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ, â òîì ÷èñëå ðåäêèõ è óãðîæàå-ìûõ âèäîâ. Òàê, ñ ïðåäãîðíûìè ñòåïÿìèñâÿçàíû êðóïíûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâêèñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquila nipalensis) è íàñêàëü-íî ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ áåðêóòà (Aquilachrysaetos), à òàêæå íàñêàëüíàÿ ãðóïïèðîâ-êà áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug). Ëåíòî÷íûåáîðû – ìåñòî îáèòàíèÿ ãðóïíûõ ãíåçäî-âûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquilaheliaca) è áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (Aquilaclanga), à òàêæå ãíåçäÿùåãîñÿ íà äåðåâüÿõáàëîáàíà. Îáà ýòèõ ëàíäøàôòà ïîääåðæè-âàþò êðóïíóþ ïîïóëÿöèþ ôèëèíà (Bubobubo). Â Êóëóíäå, èçîáèëóþùåé îç¸ðàìèè ñîëîí÷àêàìè, ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû êðóïíûåãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâêè ëóíåé, â òîì ÷èñ-ëå è ãëîáàëüíî óãðîæàåìîãî ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ(Circus macrourus). Áåäíà õèùíûìè ïòèöà-ìè ëèøü ÷åðíåâàÿ òàéãà, ÷òî ñâÿçàíî â ïåð-âóþ î÷åðåäü ñ å¸ êðàåàðåàëüíûì ðàñïî-ëîæåíèåì â êðàå. Â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿâûäåëåíî áîëåå 35 ÊÎÒÐ, 15 èç êîòîðûõ –ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà îñíîâàíèè äàííûõ îõèùíûõ ïòèöàõ.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, òåððèòîðèÿ Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ âûäåëÿåòñÿ íà ôîíå áîëüøèíñòâà ñî-

stripes of the pine forests provide breed-ing habitat for a large number of ImperialEagles (Aquila heliaca) and Great SpottedEagles (Aquila clanga), and tree-nestingSaker Falcons. Both of these landscapessupport large numbers of the Eagle Owl(Bubo bubo). Kulunda, rich with lakes andsalt-marshes, also concentrates a largenumber of breeding harriers, including theglobally threatened Pallid Harrier (Circusmacrourus).

More than 35 IBAs were established inthe territory of the Kray, 15 of which arejustified in data on raptors.

Conservation of birds of prey in the Krayis not as successful as it seems. The sur-vival of many breeding populations in thepast few years has been threatened byhuman activities.

For a long time raptors were living in prox-imity to the human population, and in turn,have adapted to specific types of economicactivity. The tragedy of the recent situationis that nowadays the modes of the steppeand forest use have been disturbed by er-ratic and chaotic changes. Birds have notime to adaptations.

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé – óíèêàëüíûé ðåãèîí â Ðîññèè ïî ïðåäñòàâëåí-íîñòè è ñòåïåíè ñîõðàííîñòè ýêîñèñòåì. Ñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿÀëòàÿ – îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ â ñòðàíå ñòåïíûõ ðåôóãèóìîâ.Õîòÿ íà áîëüøåé ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ ñòåïè ðàñïàõàíû, â 5ïðåäãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ ñîõðàíåíû íå ìåíåå 15 êðóïíûõñòåïíûõ ìàññèâîâ, áîëüøèíñòâî êîòîðûõ ïðåâûøàþò 3000 ãà, àîáùàÿ ïëîùàäü ñòåïåé â ýòèõ ðàéîíàõ ïðåâûøàåò 400 òûñ. ãà.Õàðàêòåðíåéøàÿ ÷åðòà êðàÿ – ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû. Ýòîò òèï ëåñ-íîãî ëàíäøàôòà íå âñòðå÷àåòñÿ áîëüøå íèãäå â Ðîññèè (ïðåä-ñòàâëåí åù¸ â Êàçàõñòàíå), ýòî îäèí èç êðóïíåéøèõ â ñòðàíåìàññèâîâ ñòåïíûõ áîðîâ. Â ïðåäåëû êðàÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíîñ-òüþ ïîïàäàþò òðè áîðîâûõ ëåíòû (Áàðíàóëüñêàÿ, Êàñìàëèíñêàÿè Êóëóíäèíñêàÿ), ãäå ëåñîì ïîêðûòî îêîëî 842 òûñ. ãà, èç êîòî-ðûõ ïî÷òè 80 % ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñîñíîâûå äðåâîñòîè. «Îñòðîâà-ìè» ïðèðîäíûõ ýêîñèñòåì ñðåäè àãðàðíîãî ëàíäøàôòà Çàïàä-íî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû îñòàëèñü ñîë¸íûå îç¸ðà è ñîëîí÷àêèÊóëóíäû. Â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íàõîäèòñÿ ðÿä êðóïíûõ ñîëåíûõîç¸ð (Á. è Ì. ßðîâîå, Áóðëèíñêîå è äð.) è, â òîì ÷èñëå, îäíî èçêðóïíåéøèõ â Ðîññèè – Êóëóíäèíñêîå (782 êì2, îáðàçóåò ãèä-ðîëîãè÷åñêóþ ïàðó ñ îç. Êó÷óê, 190 êì2). Âñå îç¸ðà îêðóæåíûñëîæíûì êîìïëåêñîì òðîñòíèêîâûõ êðåïåé, ñîðîâ, ñîëîí÷à-êîâ, ñîëîíöåâàòûõ ëóãîâ è ñòåïåé; îç. Êóëóíäèíñêîå âõîäèò âòåíåâîé ñïèñîê Ðàìñàðñêîé êîíâåíöèè. Ýíäåìè÷íû äëÿ þãàÑèáèðè ÷åðíåâûå ëåñà. Èíîãäà èõ íàçûâàþò ÷åðíåâîé òàéãîé,íî ôàêòè÷åñêè ýòî îñòàòêè õâîéíî-øèðîêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ –âëàæíûå òðàâÿíûå ëåñà, ãäå äîìèíèðóþò ïèõòà è îñèíà, õàðàê-òåðíî âûñîêîòðàâüå, â òðàâÿíîì è êóñòàðíèêîâîì ÿðóñàõ âåëè-êà ðîëü íåìîðàëüíûõ âèäîâ.

The very presence of some ecosystemshere as well as the degree of its wilder-ness makes the Altai Kray unique for Rus-sia. These ecosystems are the steppes ofthe Altai foothills, and Stripe Pine Forests.Although the majority of the Altai Kraysteppes were converted into arable land,its steppe foothills are some of the largestundisturbed steppe areas in the country.Not less than 15 large steppe areas are con-centrated within 5 foothill-steppe districts(counties). Most of the areas cover morethan 3000 hà. The total area of steppes inthese districts exceeds 400 000 ha. Thevery characteristic feature of the Kray is thestripe pine forest. This type of forest land-scape is not found anywhere else in Rus-sia. In addition, the steppe forests of theAltai are some of largest areas of steppeforests in the country. The total area of thesteppe forests is 842 000 ha. The «islands»of undisturbed ecosystems amongst ara-ble land of the West-Siberian plain are thesalt marshes of Kulunda lowland and thesalty lakes there. One of the largest saltlakes in Russia is the Kulundinskoe lake(782 km2), which is located in the core ofthe lowland (within Kray as well).


ñåäíèõ ñóáúåêòîâ ÐÔ (ïîæàëóé, çà èñêëþ-÷åíèåì Ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé), êàê î÷àã ðàç-íîîáðàçèÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ è íàñòî-ÿùèé ðåôóãèóì, ãäå ñîõðàíÿþòñÿ èõêðóïíûå æèçíåñïîñîáíûå ãðóïïèðîâêè.

Îäíàêî ñîâðåìåííîå ñîñòîÿíèå õèùíûõïòèö â êðàå íå ñòîëü áëàãîïîëó÷íî, êàê ýòîìîæåò ïîêàçàòüñÿ. Âûæèâàíèå ìíîãèõãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîê â ïîñëåäíèå äåñÿ-òèëåòèÿ ïîñòàâëåíî ïîä âîïðîñ. Ìíîãî÷èñ-ëåííûå óãðîçû ïîðîæäàþòñÿ ñåëüñêîõî-çÿéñòâåííûì èñïîëüçîâàíèåì ñòåïíûõ òåð-ðèòîðèé, ëåñîïîëüçîâàíèåì â áîðàõ è èíîéõîçÿéñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòüþ ÷åëîâåêà.

Êîíå÷íî, îáèòàÿ ðÿäîì ñ ÷åëîâåêîì äîë-ãîå âðåìÿ, íà èíòåíñèâíî îñâàèâàåìîé èìòåððèòîðèè, õèùíûå ïòèöû àäàïòèðîâà-ëèñü ê îïðåäåë¸ííûì ðåæèìàì õîçÿé-ñòâåííîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè. Íî â òîì è çàêëþ-÷àåòñÿ òðàãè÷íîñòü íûíåøíåé ñèòóàöèè,÷òî â ïîñëåäíèå ïîëòîðà äåñÿòèëåòèÿ ïî-ïóëÿöèè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ñòàëêèâàþò-ñÿ ñ áûñòðûìè è õàîòè÷åñêèìè èçìåíåíè-ÿìè ýòèõ ðåæèìîâ. Òåì ñàìûì, â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå õèùíûå ïòèöû îêàçàëèñü ïåðåä òîéæå ïðîáëåìîé, ÷òî è â Çàïàäíîé Åâðîïå:áûñòðîå èçìåíåíèå âèäîâ è ôîðì õîçÿé-ñòâåííîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ òåððèòîðèè îáåñ-öåíèâàåò íàêîïëåííûå çà ñòîëåòèÿ àäàïòà-öèè ïîïóëÿöèé, íàñåëÿþùèõ àíòðîïîãåííîïðåîáðàçîâàííûå ëàíäøàôòû, è ðåçêî ñíè-æàåò èõ øàíñû íà âûæèâàíèå. Õîòÿ ñîöè-àëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêàÿ è ïîëèòè÷åñêàÿ ïî-äîïë¸êà ýòèõ ïðîáëåì â ñòðàíàõ ÅÑ è âÀëòàéñêîì êðàå ðàäèêàëüíî ðàçëè÷íû, ýêî-ëîãè÷åñêèå ñëåäñòâèÿ î÷åíü áëèçêè.

Ïîïûòàåìñÿ ïåðå÷èñëèòü îñíîâíûå ôàê-òîðû, óãðîæàþùèå ïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì íàòåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.

Ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîåèñïîëüçîâàíèå ñòåïíûõëàíäøàôòîâ

Â èñòîðè÷åñêîì ìàñøòàáå âðåìåíè íàè-áîëåå óãðîæàþùèé àíòðîïî-ãåííûé ôàêòîð ñ êàòàñòðîôè-÷åñêèìè ïîñëåäñòâèÿìè –ðàñïàøêà ñòåïåé. Ðóññêàÿ àã-ðàðíàÿ êîëîíèçàöèÿ òåððèòî-ðèè íûíåøíåãî Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ íà÷àëàñü â XVIII âåêå èäîñòèãëà ïèêà ê 1960-ì ãã.,êîãäà ñòåïíûå ðàâíèíû çäåñüîêàçàëèñü ïî÷òè íàöåëî ðàñ-ïàõàíû. Ñðåäè ðîññèéñêèõðåãèîíîâ Àëòàéñêèé êðàé áûëåäâà ëè íå ñàìîé ãëàâíîé ìè-øåíüþ öåëèííîé êàìïàíèè.

Here is a list of the main factors threaten-ing the raptors in the territory of the AltaiKray:

Agricultural usage of the steppelandscapes

On a large historic scale the most threat-ening anthropogenic factor with the mostdisastrous consequences was a widespreadconversion of steppe vegetation into arablefields.

The Russian agrarian colonization of theterritory now known as the Altai Kray be-gan in XVIII age, was raised to XX, and cul-minated in the sixties, when almost all theplains covered with steppe were completelyplowed up. In only 6 years in 1950th 30000km2 of virgin steppe was plowed up here.In the Krai the total biome lost to arable fieldsis 5 millions ha of former steppe land, whichwas prime hunting and breeding habitatsof raptors. As the flat areas were plowedfirst, the impact on Pallid Harriers, SteppeEagles and the Short-Eared Owls (Asio flam-meus) was most damaging.

In addition to the steppe habitat loss,which was indeed very dangerous for rap-tors, there were additional threats. The mostimportant problem was the widespread us-age of pesticides (insecticides and rodenti-cides particularly). Pesticides in the Kraywere used mainly in plowed fields, but insome cases mass spraying was carried outon fallow fields and wild steppe areas. Inthe last 15 years the importance of chemi-cal contamination was greatly reduced, ascash-short farms tended to bring the pesti-cide usage to a minimum. This is, obvious-ly, a short time-out.

Íàèáîëåå óãðîæàþùèé àíòðîïîãåííûé ôàêòîð –ðàñïàøêà ñòåïåé. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The most threatening anthropogenic factor is awidespread conversion of steppe vegetation into

arable fields. Photo by I. Smelansky


Çà 6 öåëèííûõ ëåò çäåñü áûëî ðàñïàõàíîïî÷òè 30 òûñ. êì2 ñòåïåé (2953 ìëí. ãà âïåðèîä 1950–56 ãã. – Ðîçîâ, Áàçèëåâè÷,1958). Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, íåâîçìîæíî êîëè÷å-ñòâåííî îöåíèòü óðîí, íàíåñåííûé ðàñ-ïàøêîé ïîïóëÿöèÿì ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ.Ìîæíî ëèøü êîíñòàòèðîâàòü, ÷òî áûëè óò-ðà÷åíû (ïðåâðàùåíû â ïàøíþ) íå ìåíåå5 ìëí. ãà ñòåïíûõ áèîòîïîâ, êîòîðûå, íå-ñîìíåííî, ñëóæèëè êîðìîâûìè è ãíåçäî-âûìè ñòàöèÿìè õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òîðàñïàõèâàëèñü â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ìàêñè-ìàëüíî âûðîâíåííûå ó÷àñòêè, ìîæíîïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íàèáîëüøèé óðîí ïî-íåñëè ïîïóëÿöèè ñòåïíîãî ëóíÿ, ñòåïíîãîîðëà è áîëîòíîé ñîâû (Asio flammeus).

Ñàìà ïî ñåáå ðàñïàøêà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàåáûëà äëÿ õèùíûõ ïòèö àêòèâ-íî äåéñòâóþùèì ôàêòîðîìòîëüêî äî 1960-õ ãã. – êîãäàïðîèñõîäèëî íåïîñðåäñòâåí-íîå ñîêðàùåíèå ïëîùàäèïðèðîäíûõ è ïîëóïðèðîä-íûõ ñòåïíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ. Âïîñëåäóþùèå äåñÿòèëåòèÿýòîò ôàêòîð áûë ôîíîâûì,ïîääåðæèâàþùèì áîëåå èëèìåíåå íåèçìåííîå ñîîòíîøå-íèå ñòåïíûõ è ïîëåâûõ áèî-òîïîâ. Ïðèíöèïèàëüíî èíîéáûëà ñèòóàöèÿ ïðèìåðíî äî1920-õ ãã. – òîãäà íà òåððèòî-ðèè íûíåøíåãî Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ ïðåîáëàäàëà ñèñòåìà çåì-ëåäåëèÿ, ïðè êîòîðîé ÷àñòü ïàøíè âñ¸ âðå-ìÿ ñóùåñòâîâàëà â ôîðìå ìíîãîëåòíåé çà-ëåæè (ñòåïíîé ïåðåëîã). Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü èêîíêðåòíîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå ïàõîòíûõ ïî-ëåé åæåãîäíî ìåíÿëèñü, è ïîòîìó ðàñïàø-êà âûñòóïàëà êàê äèíàìè÷åñêèé ôàêòîð, âû-çûâàþùèé íåïîñðåäñòâåííûé îòâåòïîïóëÿöèé. Ïîñëå 1991 ã. â êðàå âíîâü ïî-ÿâèëèñü çàìåòíûå ïëîùàäè çàëåæåé, îäíà-êî ñåé÷àñ íåò ðå÷è î åæåãîäíîé çàêîíî-ìåðíîé äèíàìèêå óãîäèé – ïðîèçîøëîïðîñòî âûâåäåíèå èç ðàñïàøêè íåðåíòà-áåëüíûõ çåìåëü, íî â ìàñøòàáàõ êðàÿ îíîêîñíóëîñü îòíîñèòåëüíî íåáîëüøîé ïëîùà-äè – ïî îôèöèàëüíûì äàííûì, íà 2003 ã.çàëåæü ñîñòàâèëà 0,04 % îò ïëîùàäè ïàøíè.Ðåàëüíàÿ å¸ äîëÿ, âåðîÿòíî, ìîæåò áûòü íàäâà ïîðÿäêà áîëüøå, íî è ýòî – âñåãî ëèøüåäèíèöû ïðîöåíòîâ îò ïëîùàäè ïàøíè.

Ñ ðàñïàøêîé íåðàçðûâíî ñâÿçàí åù¸ ðÿäïîïóòíûõ óãðîç, íåêîòîðûå èç êîòîðûõîñîáåííî îïàñíû äëÿ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ.Íàèáîëüøóþ ïðîáëåìó ïðåäñòàâëÿåò øè-ðîêîå èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïåñòèöèäîâ, îñîáåí-íî èíñåêòèöèäîâ è ðîäåíòèöèäîâ. Ïåñòè-

Now the strongest and fast changing fac-tor of agriculture is the cattle grazing andconnected activities. For the majority of rap-tors inhabiting steppe landscapes of theKray, dependency on cattle grazing couldbe recognized as critical. In general termsthis dependency could be described as atrend, when moderate cattle pasturing pro-motes rising of the number and availabilityof colonial rodents which are main preyobjects of the steppe raptors. When cattle’sgrazing disappear, the total number of ro-dents decreases or tall grass makes themunavailable for raptors thus affecting rodent-eating raptors such as eagles, the Saker Fal-con, and the Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteorufinus).

However overgrazing also depresses ro-dent populations. In the recent years theimportance of the last factor has signifi-cantly decreased while it was leading hereover decades before 1990. Breeding suc-cess of birds was reduced in the crowdedcattle and sheep pastures probably be-cause of the disturbance and direct de-stroying of the nests by the cattle andherding dogs.

The foothill regions still accommodated ahigh density of large raptors. The situationhas changed in the last 15 years. During thisperiod the total number of cattle decreased2 times and the number of sheep decreasedmore than 5 times. As a result the num-bers of the Steppe Eagle and the ImperialEagle in the foothills-steppe regions havedramatically decreased.

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) íà ñîñíå â àíòðî-ïîãåííîì ëàíäøàôòå. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The nest of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) on apine tree at a antropogenic landscape. Photo by I.Smelansky


öèäû â êðàå ïðèìåíÿëèñü ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî íà ïàøíå, íî â íåêîòîðûõ ñëó-÷àÿõ ìàññîâûå îáðàáîòêè ïðîâîäèëèñüè íà çàëåæàõ è ñòåïíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ (â ÷àñò-íîñòè – ïðîòèâ èòàëüÿíñêîãî ïðóññà â 2000è 2001 ãã.). Â ïîñëåäíèå 15 ëåò âàæíîñòüõèìè÷åñêîé óãðîçû çíà÷èòåëüíî ñíèçèëàñü,ïîñêîëüêó èç-çà áåäíîñòè õîçÿéñòâ ïðèìå-íåíèå ïåñòèöèäîâ óïàëî äî ìèíèìóìà. Îä-íàêî î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî ýòî âðåìåííîå ÿâëå-íèå. Óæå ñåé÷àñ â õîçÿéñòâàõ, íàõîäÿùèõñÿâ óïðàâëåíèè èíâåñòîðîâ, ïåñòèöèäû ïðè-ìåíÿþòñÿ â ïîëíîì îáú¸ìå. À ÷èñëî òàêèõõîçÿéñòâ â êðàå è èñïîëüçóåìûå èìè ïëî-ùàäè ðàñòóò ñ êàæäûì ãîäîì.

Íà ñåãîäíÿ ñèëüíåéøèì äèíàìè÷åñêèìôàêòîðîì, ñâÿçàííûì ñ ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííûì èñïîëüçîâàíèåì, ÿâëÿåòñÿ âûïàñè ïîïóòíûå âîçäåéñòâèÿ. Äëÿ áîëüøèíñòâàïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ñòåïíûõ ëàíäøàôòîâêðàÿ çàâèñèìîñòü îò âûïàñà ñêîòà ìîæíîíàçâàòü êðèòè÷åñêîé. Â ñàìîì îáùåì âèäåýòà çàâèñèìîñòü ñâÿçàíà ñ òåì, ÷òî óìåðåí-íûé âûïàñ ñïîñîáñòâóåò ïîâûøåíèþ ÷èñëåí-íîñòè îñíîâíûõ îáúåêòîâ ïèòàíèÿ ñòåïíûõõèùíûõ ïòèö – êîëîíèàëüíûõ ãðûçóíîâ, àòàêæå îáåñïå÷èâàåò èõ äîñòóïíîñòü. Â óñ-ëîâèÿõ êðàÿ ýòî ñóñëèêè (ïðåèìóùåñòâåííîêðàñíîùåêèé (Spermophilus erythrogenys)),àëòàéñêèé öîêîð (Myospalax myospalax),õîìÿ÷êè (Cricetulus spp.), ñåðûå ïîëåâêè(Microtus spp.), ïåñòðóøêà (Laguruslagurus). Â îòñóòñòâèå âûïàñà ýòè ãðûçóíûñòàíîâÿòñÿ ìàëî÷èñëåííûìè è/èëè òðóäíî-äîñòóïíûìè äëÿ ïòèö, ñîîòâåòñòâåííî ðåç-êî ïîíèæàåòñÿ ¸ìêîñòü ñðåäû äëÿ òàêèõêðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, êàê âñå âèäûîðëîâ, áàëîáàí, êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus),â ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè ôèëèí è, âîçìîæíî,áîëîòíàÿ ñîâà.

Íî ïîïóëÿöèè ãðûçóíîâ íà ïàñòáèùàõèñïûòûâàþò óãíåòåíèå è ïðè ñëèøêîì âû-ñîêèõ íàãðóçêàõ ñêîòà. Â íåäàâíåì ïðî-øëîì äëÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ áûë àêòóàëåíñêîðåå ïîñëåäíèé ôàêòîð – ïàñòáèùíûåíàãðóçêè çäåñü áûëè ïîâñåìåñòíî ïðåâû-øåíû. Íåñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî óñïåõ ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ïòèö ïðè ýòîì ñíèæàëñÿ èç-çà áåñ-ïîêîéñòâà è ïðÿìîãî óíè÷òîæåíèÿ ãí¸çäñêîòîì è ïàñòóøüèìè ñîáàêàìè, â ïðåäãîð-íûõ ðàéîíàõ, íà îáøèðíûõ ïëîùàäÿõ ñòåï-íûõ ïàñòáèù ïîääåðæèâàëàñü âûñîêàÿïëîòíîñòü êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ.Ñèòóàöèÿ èçìåíèëàñü íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæ-íóþ â ïîñëåäíèå 15 ëåò. Çà ýòî âðåìÿ ïî-ãîëîâüå êðóïíîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêîòà (ÊÐÑ) âêðàå ñîêðàòèëîñü â 2 ðàçà, ìåëêîãî ðîãà-òîãî ñêîòà (ÌÐÑ) – áîëåå, ÷åì â 5 ðàç. Ïðèýòîì ðàñ÷¸òíàÿ ñðåäíåðàéîííàÿ íàãðóçêà

An indirect effect of decreasing of a graz-ing pressure is increasing the frequency andmagnitude of steppe fires, which is also athreat to the raptors. When pasture is over-grazed lack of ignitable material preventshigh magnitude fires, and constrains affect-ed territory.

The opposite situation is under the condi-tions of lack of grazing. Dry grass accumu-lates quickly and burns with the high tem-perature and maximum height of the flame,which causes the fire to spread across a larg-er territory. In recent years there were an-nual fires in the foothills covering thousandsof hectares. The fires happen most oftenduring the period of breeding of the birds,and in May and June.

Õèìîáðàáîòêè â áîðàõ ïðèâîäÿò ê ãèáåëè õèù-íûõ ïòèö. Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

Sprayings by pesticides in forests result to deathof raptors. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïîãèáøèå ïòåíöû áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug).Ôîòî Ì. Ãðàáîâñêîãî

Dead chicks of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug).Photo by M. Grabovsky


ñêîòà íà ïàñòáèùà (ãîëîâ íà 100 ãà) óïàëàäëÿ ÊÐÑ è ëîøàäåé ïðèìåðíî â 2 ðàçà, äëÿÌÐÑ – â 10 ðàç. Ýòî íå ìîãëî íå îòðàçèòü-ñÿ íà ñîñòîÿíèè ãíåçäîâûõ ãðóïïèðîâîêõèùíûõ ïòèö. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, ïðîèçîøëî, ïî-âèäèìîìó, ñíèæåíèå ÷èñëåííîñòè ñòåïíî-ãî îðëà è ìîãèëüíèêà â ïðåäãîðíî-ñòåï-íûõ ðàéîíàõ. Õîòÿ êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ äàííûõî äèíàìèêå ÷èñëåííîñòè íåò, íàáëþäàåò-ñÿ ÷¸òêàÿ çàêîíîìåðíîñòü – âîêðóã íåèñ-ïîëüçóåìûõ ëåòíèõ ëàãåðåé ñêîòà îñòàâ-ëÿþòñÿ è ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè îðëîâ, î ÷¸ììîæíî ñóäèòü ïî íàëè÷èþ ìíîæåñòâà ðàç-ðóøàþùèõñÿ ìíîãîëåòíèõ ãí¸çä íà íûíåíåçàñåë¸ííûõ îðëàìè òåððèòîðèÿõ.

Êîñâåííûì ñëåäñòâèåì ñíèæåíèÿ ïàñò-áèùíîé íàãðóçêè ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîâûøåíèå÷àñòîòû è ñèëû ñòåïíûõ ïîæàðîâ, òàêæåïðåäñòàâëÿþùèõ ñåé÷àñ âàæíóþ óãðîçóïåðíàòûì õèùíèêàì. Ïàëû – îáû÷íûé èí-ñòðóìåíò óïðàâëåíèÿ ïàñòáèùàìè, øèðî-êî ïðèìåíÿâøèéñÿ â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ, êàêìèíèìóì, ñ XVIII â. Î÷åâèäíî, â çàâèñèìî-ñòè îò ìàñøòàáîâ è ñðîêîâ ïðîâåäåíèÿ, ïàëìîæåò ñóùåñòâåííî ñíèæàòü óñïåõ ðàçìíî-æåíèÿ íàçåìíî ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñòåïíûõ ïòèö(ëóíåé, áîëîòíîé ñîâû, ñòåïíîãî îðëà,ôèëèíà). Îäíàêî òðàäèöèîííî ïàëû ïðî-âîäèëèñü ïîçäíåé îñåíüþ èëè ðàííåé âåñ-íîé, òî åñòü âíå ãíåçäîâîãî ïåðèîäà. Ê òîìóæå íà ñáèòîì ïàñòáèùå çàïàñû ãîðþ÷èõìàòåðèàëîâ îòíîñèòåëüíî íåâåëèêè, ïîæàðíå äîñòèãàåò âûñîêîé èíòåíñèâíîñòè è íåìîæåò îõâàòèòü áîëüøóþ òåððèòîðèþ.Èíîå äåëî – â óñëîâèÿõ íåäîñòàòêà âûïà-ñà: áûñòðî íàêàïëèâàþùèåñÿ ñóõàÿ ïîä-ñòèëêà è âåòîøü ñëóæàò ïèùåé îãíþ, ïî-çâîëÿÿ ïîæàðó ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòüñÿ íàîãðîìíûå òåððèòîðèè. Â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäûòîëüêî â ïðåäãîðüÿõ åæåãîäíî ñëó÷àþòñÿïàëû, îõâàòûâàþùèå òûñÿ÷è ãåêòàðîâ êàæ-äûé. Òàêæå ïîæàðû ñòàëè ÷àùå ïðîèñõî-äèòü â ïåðèîä ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïòèö – íåðåäêèîíè â ìàå è äàæå â èþíå.

Management of the steppepine forests

Raptors of the steppe pine forests are alsosomewhat affected by the agricultural fac-tors – plowing and pasturing, because theseactivities transform their hunting ranges.However it is the forest management, whichaffects them most. The usage of steppe pineforests by raptors is predetermined by thepresence of old-grown large pine trees.These are the same trees, which were tar-geted by selective logging that was prac-ticed in these forests earlier, and practicednow, usually under the false declaration of«sanitary» logging. As a result, the loggingand extensive fires, affects not less than 10 %of the total area of steppe pine forests. So,despite reports of recent clear-cuts coveringonly 2 % of the total area, the territory usedby birds for breeding is quickly shrinking.

The other important threat is the forestfires. In dry pine forests they happen regu-larly and now and then they reach cata-strophic scales. Only in 1997 fires burned54800 ha. The total area burned to 2003was about 63000 hà (about 10 % from thewhole territory of pine forests), and all theseareas were concentrated mainly in thesouthern part of the stripe pine forests, ac-commodating the most concentrated breed-ing areas of the Imperial Eagle, the SakerFalcon, and the Eagle Owl.

Infrastructure of energy complex

A significant threat for raptors is electro-cution from the power lines covering wood-less territory of the Kray. Unfortunately, wedo not have enough data to asses the neg-ative impact of these installations. The pre-liminary data shows the importance of mor-tality due to electrocutions, particularly forthe Imperial and Steppe Eagles.

Âûïàñ – ñèëüíåéøèé äè-íàìè÷åñêèé ôàêòîð äëÿáîëüøèíñòâà ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ. Ôîòî È. Ñìå-ëÿíñêîãî

The cattle grazing are thestrongest and fast chang-ing factor of agriculture.Photo by I. Smelansky


×àñòîòà ïîæàðîâ âîçðîñëàíå òîëüêî èç-çà ñíèæåíèÿ ïàñ-òáèùíîé íàãðóçêè, íî è èç-çàðîñòà îáùåé áåäíîñòè õî-çÿéñòâ. Çåìëåïîëüçîâàòåëè âû-íóæäåíû ñæèãàòü ïîæíèâíûåîñòàòêè íà ïàøíå âìåñòî òîãî,÷òîáû èçìåëü÷àòü è çàïàõèâàòüèõ èëè âûâîçèòü ñ ïîëÿ. Ïîýòîé æå ïðè÷èíå ÷àùå ñòàëèïàëû íà ïàñòáèùàõ – îíè ÷àñ-òè÷íî âîñïîëíÿþò ñíèæåíèåèõ óðîæàéíîñòè, ñâÿçàííîå ñíåâîçìîæíîñòüþ ïåðåñåâàñòàðûõ òðàâîñìåñåé. Áåäíîñòüâûíóæäàåò è ê ìàññîâîìó èñïîëüçîâàíèþñòàðîé è íå âïîëíå èñïðàâíîé òåõíèêè, êî-òîðàÿ çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëåå ïîæàðîîïàñíàèç-çà èñêðåíèÿ äâèãàòåëåé è ïðîòå÷åê ÃÑÌ.Âëàñòè êðàÿ ïðåäïðèíèìàþò ìíîãî÷èñëåí-íûå ïîïûòêè áîðüáû ñ ñåëüõîçïàëàìè,âïëîòü äî ïîëíîãî çàïðåòà èõ íà óðîâíåêðàåâîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ,çàïðåòû íèêàê íå çàòðàãèâàþò ïðè÷èíûïàëîâ, è ïîòîìó èõ ýôôåêòèâíîñòü íèçêà.

Ëåñîïîëüçîâàíèå â ñòåïíûõ áîðàõ

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ îò-÷àñòè òàêæå ïîäâåðæåíû äåéñòâèþ îñíîâ-íûõ ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ ôàêòîðîâ –ðàñïàøêè è âûïàñà, ïîñêîëüêó îíè çàòðà-ãèâàþò êîðìîâûå ñòàöèè ìíîãèõ èç íèõ. Íîíàèáîëåå ñåðü¸çíûå óãðîçû çäåñü ñâÿçàíûñ ëåñíûì õîçÿéñòâîì. Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòüáîðîâ äëÿ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâîïðåäåëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èåì ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõáîëüøèõ ñîñåí. Îäíàêî, òàêèå äåðåâüÿ âïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü âûðóáàëèñü ïðè âûáîðî÷-íûõ ïðèèñêîâûõ ðóáêàõ, êîòîðûå ðàíååïðàêòèêîâàëèñü â áîðàõ, à ôàêòè÷åñêè íåïðåêðàòèëèñü è äî ñèõ ïîð, ìàñêèðóÿñü ïîäðóáêè óõîäà è ñàíèòàðíûå ðóáêè. Îáùèéâîçðàñò äðåâîñòîåâ ñíèæàëñÿ è ñïëîøíî-ëåñîñå÷íûìè ðóáêàìè (ðàíåå – ãëàâíîãîïîëüçîâàíèÿ, ñåé÷àñ – â ôîðìå ñïëîøíûõñàíèòàðíûõ ðóáîê è ðóáîê ïåðåôîðìèðî-âàíèÿ). Â ðåçóëüòàòå ïîñëåäíèõ, à òàêæåîáøèðíûõ ïîæàðîâ, ñïåëûå è ïåðåñòîé-íûå íàñàæäåíèÿ ñîñòàâëÿþò ìåíåå 10 % îòîáùåé ïëîùàäè õâîéíîãî õîçÿéñòâà â áî-ðàõ. Ïîýòîìó, õîòÿ ñâåæèõ ñïëîøíûõ âû-ðóáîê ñðàâíèòåëüíî íåìíîãî (16,3 òûñ. ãà,èëè îêîëî 2 % ïî õâîéíîìó õîçÿéñòâó),ïëîùàäü ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ïòèö ãíåçäîâûõ ñòà-öèé áûñòðî ñîêðàùàåòñÿ.

Äðóãóþ âàæíóþ óãðîçó ïðåäñòàâëÿþòëåñíûå ïîæàðû. Â ñóõèõ áîðàõ îíè ñëó-÷àþòñÿ ðåãóëÿðíî è âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè

Poaching

There is an urgent problem of intensiveillegal trapping of Saker Falcons for illegalexport to Arabian countries. The poach-ers are targeting mostly migrating youngfemales. In the last 10 years the trappinghas become a well-organized business,with the involvement of professional trap-pers and smugglers, with a system of

Êîñâåííûì ñëåäñòâèåì ñíèæåíèÿ ïàñòáèùíîé íàãðóç-êè ñòàíîâèòñÿ ïîâûøåíèå ÷àñòîòû è ñèëû ñòåïíûõïîæàðîâ. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

An indirect effect of decreasing of a grazing pressure isincreasing the frequency and magnitude of steppe fires.Photo by I. Smelansky

Ãíåçäî áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug), ïîãèáøåå âõîäå ðóáîê. Ôîòî Ì. Ãðàáîâñêîãî

The logged nest of the Saker Falcon (Falcocherrug). Photo by M. Grabovsky


ïðèîáðåòàþò êàòàñòðîôè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð.Òàê, â îäíîì ëèøü 1997 ã. âåðõîâûìè ïî-æàðàìè áûëî ïðîéäåíî 54,8 òûñ. ãà. Îá-ùàÿ ïëîùàäü íåäàâíèõ ãàðåé ê 2003 ã. ñî-ñòàâëÿëà îêîëî 63 òûñ. ãà (ïîðÿäêà 10 %îò âñåé ïëîùàäè õâîéíûõ íàñàæäåíèé), èâñå ýòè íàðóøåíèÿ çàòðàãèâàëè ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî þæíóþ ÷àñòü ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ,ãäå ñêîíöåíòðèðîâàíû ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿìîãèëüíèêà è áàëîáàíà, êðóïíàÿ ãíåçäî-âàÿ ãðóïïèðîâêà ôèëèíà.

Èíôðàñòðóêòóðàýíåðãåòè÷åñêîãî êîìïëåêñà

Ñóùåñòâåííóþ îáùóþ óãðîçó äëÿ ïåðíà-òûõ õèùíèêîâ ïðåäñòàâëÿþò ïòèöåîïàñíûåËÝÏ, ãóñòî ïîêðûâàþùèå áåçëåñíûå òåð-ðèòîðèè êðàÿ. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, çäåñü ïîêàíå äåëàëàñü êîëè÷åñòâåííàÿ îöåíêà ãèáå-ëè ïòèö íà ËÝÏ, íî äàæå ïðåäâàðèòåëü-íûå äàííûå ïîêàçûâàþò, ÷òî ýòî âàæíûéôàêòîð ñìåðòíîñòè, îñîáåííî äëÿ ìîãèëü-íèêà è ñòåïíîãî îðëà.

Áðàêîíüåðñòâî

Êàê ñóùåñòâåííóþ ïðîáëåìó íóæíî óïî-ìÿíóòü åù¸ ìàññîâûé áðàêîíüåðñêèé îòëîâáàëîáàíà äëÿ ïðîäàæè â àðàáñêèå ñòðàíû.Æåðòâàìè åãî ñòàíîâÿòñÿ ïðåèìóùåñòâåí-íî ïðîë¸òíûå ìîëîäûå ñàìêè. Ïðàêòè÷åñ-êè, â ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò îòëîâ ïðèîáðåëçäåñü õàðàêòåð õîðîøî îðãàíèçîâàííîãîáèçíåñà, â êîòîðîì çàíÿòû ïðîôåññèî-íàëüíûå ëîâöû è «ìåíåäæåðû», íàëàæåíàïåðåäåðæêà ïòèö, ñáûò è òðàíñïîðòèðîâ-êà ÷åðåç ãðàíèöó, íåò ïðîáëåì ñ ôèíàíñè-ðîâàíèåì. Åäèíñòâåííî ðåàëüíîå ïðîòèâî-äåéñòâèå ýòèì îðãàíèçîâàííûì ïðåñòóïíûìãðóïïàì äî ñèõ ïîð îêàçûâàëè òîëüêî îðãà-íû îõîòíàäçîðà, íå èìåþùèå, ê ñîæàëå-íèþ, äîñòàòî÷íûõ ñèë è ïîëíîìî÷èé äëÿäåéñòâåííîé áîðüáû ñ ïîäîáíûìè áðàêî-íüåðàìè.

Íåäîñòàòîê òåððèòîðè-àëüíîé îõðàíû

Îòäåëüíî íóæíî âûäåëèòüïðîáëåìó îòñóòñòâèÿ äåéñòâåí-íîé ïðàâîâîé çàùèòû ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ íà òåððèòîðèè êðàÿ.Ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà 2005 ã. ñåòüÎÎÏÒ îáðàçóþò îäèí çàïîâåä-íèê, îäèí ïðèðîäíûé ïàðê (ñî-çäàíèå êîòîðîãî íå çàâåðøåíîè ïåðñïåêòèâû íåÿñíû), 33 çà-êàçíèêà êðàåâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ (èçêîòîðûõ òîëüêî 4 èìåþò äåé-

marketing and smuggling of illegally pro-cured birds. These operations have not lack-ing cash. The only real resistance to theseorganized criminal groups is regional De-partments of Protection and Rational Useof Game Recourses, which unfortunatelydo not have sufficient legal powers andequipments to do anything.

Lack of conservation measures

In 2005 the network of protected areasconsisted of one Federal Nature Reserve(Zapovednik), one regional Nature Park (the

Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü íåäàâíèõ ãàðåé ê 2003 ã. ñî-ñòàâëÿëà îêîëî 63000 ãà. Ôîòî Ý. Íèêîëåíêî

The total area burned to 2003 was about63000 hà. Photo by E. Nikolenko

Ïòèöåîïàñíàÿ ËÝÏ â ñòåïíîì áîðó.Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The electric poles dangered for birds in the pine-forest.Photo by I. Karyakin


ñòâóþùèå «Ïîëîæåíèÿ...») è 146 ïàìÿòíè-êîâ ïðèðîäû òàêæå êðàåâîãî çíà÷åíèÿ, îá-ùåé ïëîùàäüþ îêîëî 900 òûñ. ãà (5 % âñåéòåððèòîðèè êðàÿ). Íî íàèáîëåå âàæíûå äëÿïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ òåððèòîðèè – ñòåïíûåïðåäãîðüÿ è ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû – ïðàêòè÷åñ-êè íå èìåþò ñåòè ÎÎÏÒ ñ àäåêâàòíûì ðå-æèìîì. Òå ÎÎÏÒ, êîòîðûå çäåñü åñòü, ëèáîíå âêëþ÷àþò âàæíûõ äëÿ ïòèö áèîòîïîâ(êàê Ãèëåâñêèé çàêàçíèê), ëèáî èìåþò ðå-æèì, äàæå ôîðìàëüíî íåñïîñîáíûé îáåñ-ïå÷èâàòü çàùèòó ýòèõ âèäîâ (êàê ìíîãî÷èñ-ëåííûå ïàìÿòíèêè ïðèðîäû ïðåäãîðèé èçàêàçíèêè â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ). Äëÿ åäèí-ñòâåííîãî â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ëîêòåâñ-êîãî çàêàçíèêà, ñïðîåêòèðîâàííîãî ñïåöè-àëüíî ñ ó÷¸òîì ñîõðàíåíèÿ êðóïíûõïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, óæå â òå÷åíèå 3 ëåòíå ìîæåò çàâåðøèòüñÿ ïðîöåäóðà ñîçäà-íèÿ. Ïîêàçàòåëüíî, ÷òî â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõðåæèì çàêàçíèêîâ (êîòîðûõ òóò íåñêîëü-êî) ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå îãðàíè÷èâàåò ðóáêè,ðàçðåøàåò ïðèìåíåíèå èíñåêòèöèäîâ.

Íàäî ïðèçíàòü, ÷òî òàêàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ñ òåð-ðèòîðèàëüíîé îõðàíîé ïðèðîäû â êðàåñòàëà îò÷àñòè ðåçóëüòàòîì ïåðìàíåíòíîéïÿòèëåòíåé ïåðåñòðîéêè ãîñóäàðñòâåííîéïðèðîäîîõðàííîé ñèñòåìû Ðîññèè, ÷àñòîéñìåíû îòâåòñòâåííîñòè è ïîëíîìî÷èé ðàç-íûõ îðãàíîâ è óðîâíåé âëàñòè, èõ õðîíè-÷åñêè íåäîñòàòî÷íîãî ôèíàíñèðîâàíèÿ èñîêðàùåíèÿ øòàòîâ. Â ýòîì îòíîøåíèè îíàòèïè÷íà äëÿ ñòðàíû â öåëîì. Íî åñòü è ìå-ñòíàÿ îñîáåííîñòü – â ïîñëåäíèå ïîëòîðàãîäà êðàåâûå âëàñòè áûëè ïðàêòè÷åñêè íå-äååñïîñîáíû ïî ñâîèì âíóòðåííèì ïðè÷è-íàì, è ýòî òàêæå ïàãóáíî îòðàçèëîñü íàñîñòîÿíèè ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ îðãàíîâ.

Íóæíî äîáàâèòü, ÷òî âñå ëåíòî÷íûå áîðûâ ðàìêàõ ëåñíîãî çàêîíîäàòåëüñòâà âûäå-ëÿþòñÿ â êàòåãîðèþ çàùèòíîñòè «îñîáîöåííûå ëåñíûå ìàññèâû» (äî 1994 ã. ñóùå-ñòâîâàëà îñîáàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ çàùèòíîñòè«ëåñà ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ»). Ðåæèì ýòîé êà-òåãîðèè çàùèòíîñòè íèêàê íå ó÷èòûâàåòçàäà÷è ñîõðàíåíèÿ ïîïóëÿöèé ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ. Îí çàïðåùàåò ðóáêè ãëàâíîãîïîëüçîâàíèÿ, íî íè÷åãî íå ãîâîðèò î ñî-õðàíåíèè ëåñíîé ñðåäû è ñòàðîâîçðàñòíûõäðåâîñòîåâ ïðè ðóáêàõ óõîäà è ïðî÷èõðóáêàõ – ïîýòîìó çàïðåò íèêàê íå óëó÷øà-åò ñîõðàííîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ñòàöèé êðóïíûõõèùíûõ ïòèö. Ðåæèìîì çàïðåù¸í âûïàññêîòà â ëåñó, íî ýòà ìåðà, åñëè áû îíà ñî-áëþäàëàñü, îêàçûâàëà áû ñêîðåå íåãàòèâ-íîå âëèÿíèå íà ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, ñíè-æàÿ ¸ìêîñòü èõ êîðìîâûõ ñòàöèé.

Ïîäâîäÿ èòîã, ïåðå÷èñëèì íåîáõîäèìûåìåðû, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëèëè áû ñíèçèòü âîç-

creation of which is not completed andtherefore its perspectives for survival areunclear), 33 regional Nature Refuges (fromwhich only 4 have legislation in force) and146 small regional Nature Monuments, intotal covering c. 900000 hà (5 % from thewhole territory of the Kray). Unfortunate-ly the most important territories for rap-tors, such as the steppe foothills and stripepine forests have a rather poor networkof protected areas with an inadequate re-gime of protection. The existing protect-ed areas do not cover important habitats(for instance the Gilevskiy Wildlife Refuge),or have an inadequate regime, which can-not sufficiently provide protection of thesespecies. The only protected area in thesteppe foothills, the Loktevskiy NatureRefuge, designed with specific aim to pro-tect large raptors, cannot pass the finalpaper work during the past 3 years andthus, is officially non-existent. Sadly theregimes of refuges located in the stripeforests cannot limit logging and permit theusage of insecticides.

Such situations with nature protection inthe Kray has been attributed to the perma-nent five-year reform of the state natureconservation system in Russia, and frequentshifts of responsibilities from one adminis-tration body to another, with chronic insuf-ficient financing and staff shortages. Thisproblem is typical for the country as a whole.But there is also a local particularity: in thelast one and a half years the authorities ofthe Kray practically could not do anythingdue to their internal battles. These internalfights have lead to a large scale of negativeeffects in the nature conservation.

To conclude here are the necessarymeasures, which could help reduce an in-fluence of main negative factors, affect-ing the populations of raptors in the AltaiKray. The main ones are:

– conservation of the area of the arablefields at the current level;

– limitation of using pesticides on agri-cultural lands and insecticides in forestedareas;

– necessity of protective measures in thenon arable lands within the actions of com-bating locust invasions;

– development of low intensive rangingwith the domination of horses and cattle andoptimization of pasturing pressures bysheep in steppes of foothills;

– development of fire-prevention actionson agricultural lands;


äåéñòâèå îñíîâíûõ íåãàòèâíûõ ôàêòîðîâ,âëèÿþùèõ íà ïîïóëÿöèè õèùíûõ ïòèö â Àë-òàéñêîì êðàå:

– ñòàáèëèçàöèÿ ïëîùàäåé ïàøíè íà ñî-âðåìåííîì óðîâíå;

– îãðàíè÷åíèå ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïåñòèöèäîâíà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ çåìëÿõ è èíñåê-òèöèäîâ íà çåìëÿõ ëåñíîãî ôîíäà;

– ó÷¸ò íåîáõîäèìîñòè çàùèòû áèîðàçíî-îáðàçèÿ â ðåãëàìåíòàöèè ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïîáîðüáå ñ ñàðàí÷îé íà íåïàõîòíûõ çåìëÿõ;

– ðàçâèòèå ïàñòáèùíîãî æèâîòíîâîäñòâàñ ïðèîðèòåòîì ëîøàäåé è êðóïíîãî ðîãà-òîãî ñêîòà è îïòèìèçàöèÿ ïàñòáèùíîé íà-ãðóçêè, îñîáåííî ìåëêîãî ðîãàòîãî ñêî-òà, â ñòåïÿõ ïðåäãîðèé;

– ðåàëèçàöèÿ ïðîòèâîïîæàðíûõ ìåðîï-ðèÿòèé íà ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííûõ çåìëÿõ;

– çàïðåò ëþáûõ ðóáîê, â òîì ÷èñëå ñà-íèòàðíûõ, â ïðèîïóøå÷íîé çîíå ñòåïíûõáîðîâ è ïî áåðåãàì âîäî¸ìîâ â ïîëîñåøèðèíîé 150 ì;

– âûäåëåíèå â êà÷åñòâå îñîáî çàùèòíûõó÷àñòêîâ ëåñà âñåõ èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêîâ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ, çàíåñ¸ííûõâ Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ;

– ðåàëèçàöèÿ ìåðîïðèÿòèé ïî óñòðîé-ñòâó èñêóññòâåííûõ ãíåçäîâèé â ëåñàõ,îìîëîæåííûõ ðóáêàìè è ïðîéäåííûõ ïî-æàðàìè (ïðè íàëè÷èè êîðìîâûõ ñòàöèé);

– îñíàùåíèå ËÝÏ ïòèöåçàùèòíûìè ñî-îðóæåíèÿìè, â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü â ïîëîñåñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ è âäîëü îïóøåêñòåïíûõ áîðîâ;

– ñîçäàíèå ìåæâåäîìñòâåííîé îïåðà-òèâíîé ãðóïïû ïî áîðüáå ñ íåçàêîííûìñîêîëèíûì áèçíåñîì;

– ïåðåñìîòð ðåæèìà çàêàçíèêîâ è îñî-áî öåííûõ ëåñíûõ ìàññèâîâ â áîðàõ â ñòî-ðîíó ó÷¸òà ñîõðàíåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ è êîð-ìîâûõ ñòàöèé õèùíûõ ïòèö.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, èç ìàññû îçâó÷åííûõïðîáëåì, ðåøåíèå êîòîðûõ íàñóùíî íå-îáõîäèìî äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ âÀëòàéñêîì êðàå êàê ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ, òàê è áèîðàçíîîá-ðàçèÿ â öåëîì, íè îäíà íå ðå-øåíà ñêîëüêî-íèáóäü ïîëíî.Òåì íå ìåíåå, ðàáîòà â ýòîìíàïðàâëåíèè âåä¸òñÿ, è åñòüíàäåæäà, ÷òî â êàêîì-òî îòäà-ë¸ííîì áóäóùåì îíà óâåí÷à-åòñÿ êàêèì-òî óñïåõîì. Âîï-ðîñ ëèøü â òîì, îñòàíåòñÿ ëè÷òî ñîõðàíÿòü ê òîìó âðåìå-íè, êîãäà ïðèðîäîîõðàííûåèíèöèàòèâû â êðàå âîçüìóòâåðõ íàä ïîòðåáèòåëüñêèìïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèåì.

– logging ban (including sanitary clear-ing) at the edge zones of steppe pine for-ests and up to 150 m from the banks ofwater bodies;

– establishment protected areas at allknown breeding areas of raptors listed in theRed Data Book of the Russian Federation;

– developing a project of providing ar-tificial nests in forests recently subjectedto logging or fires (of sufficient huntinghabitat for the raptors is available);

– establishing birds electrocution pre-venting devices on power lines, especial-ly in the belt of the stepped foothills ofthe Altai and along edges of steppe pineforests;

– establishment of an inter-departmen-tal task force for the struggle against theillegal trapping and smuggling of falcons;

– revision of regimes of the Refuges andNatural Monuments in respect of conser-vation of breeding and hunting areas ofraptors.

Out of the number of given problems,solving of which is necessary for conserva-tion both of raptors, and of the biodiversityof the Altai Kray as a whole, none could besolved completely. Nevertheless, work to-wards solving these problems has beenstarted and we hope in the future it will besuccessful. The question remains though,would it be anything left by the time con-servation would prevail over the consum-erism of natural resources.

Êàðòà êëþ÷åâûõ îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèé ìåæ-äóíàðîäíîãî çíà÷åíèÿ è îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîä-íûõ òåððèòîðèé ôåäåðàëüíîãî ðàíãà íà òåððèòîðèèÀëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ

Map of the IBAs and Federal Nature Reserves in theAltai Kray

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 328

Ââåäåíèå

Áîëüøèíñòâî êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâñòàëêèâàåòñÿ ñ óãðîçîé óíè÷òîæåíèÿ íàáîëüøåé ÷àñòè ñâîèõ àðåàëîâ, ñîñòîÿíèåèõ ïîïóëÿöèé îöåíèâàåòñÿ êàê âûçûâàþùååòðåâîãó âî ìíîãèõ ñòðàíàõ, à äëÿ íåêîòî-ðûõ âèäîâ (ìîãèëüíèê, áàëîáàí) – è â ãëî-áàëüíîì ìàñøòàáå (IUCN Red List, 2004;Ôîêñ è äð., 2003). Ìíîãèå âèäû êðóïíûõïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ ñ÷èòàþòñÿ çàñëóæèâà-þùèìè ñïåöèàëüíîé îõðàíû. Êðîìå òîãî,íåðåäêî îíè ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ êàê «îñî-áûå» âèäû, ñîõðàíåíèå êîòîðûõ ìîæåòñïîñîáñòâîâàòü ñîõðàíåíèþ öåëîãî ðÿäàäðóãèõ, ìåíåå çàìåòíûõ âèäîâ æèâîòíûõ èðàñòåíèé, è öåëûõ ýêîñèñòåì (Ïàæåíêîâ,Ñìåëÿíñêèé, 2004). Èìåííî ïîýòîìó âðàìêàõ èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèõ è ïðèðîäîîõ-ðàííûõ ïðîåêòîâ ÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáýêîöåíòð»(Íîâîñèáèðñê) è Öåíòðà ïîëåâûõ èññëå-äîâàíèé (Í. Íîâãîðîä) êðóïíûì ïåðíàòûìõèùíèêàì óäåëÿåòñÿ îñîáîå âíèìàíèå.

Ïðèðîäíûå îñîáåííîñòèÀëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé ëåæèò íà ñòûêå Çàïàä-íî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû è Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîéãîðíîé îáëàñòè. Îí ïðîñòèðàåòñÿ áîëåå÷åì íà 350 êì ñ ñåâåðà íà þã è äî 500 êì

The Raptors in the Altai Kray

КРУПНЫЕ ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ

I.V. Karyakin (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia),I.E. Smelansky (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia),S.V. Bakka (The N. Novgorod branch of RBC, N.Novgorod, Russia),M.A. Grabovsky (Ornithological Services from Airport ‘Tolmachevo’, Novosibirsk, Russia),A.V. Rybenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia),A.V. Egorova (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia)И.В. Каря ин (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия)И.Э. Смелянс ий (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)С.В. Ба а (Ниже ородс ое отделение Союза охраны птиц России,Н.Нов ород, Россия)М.А. Грабовс ий (Орнитоло ичес ая сл жба аэропорта Толмачево,Новосибирс , Россия)А.В. Рыбен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)А.B. Е орова (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)

The territory of the Altai Kray has been sur-veyed in 2001–2005. The total length of theroutes of the expedition was 23645 km.Three study areas totaling 1310,66 km2 wereestablished for surveys of all raptor species.In addition 12 areas were established forcounts focused on selected species.

The Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus).One nest was found and 1 adult was record-ed. A total of 10 breeding pairs are extrap-olated for the Altai Kray (fig. 3).

The Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus).Two adults were observed in the left bankof Ob’ from time to time. A total of 10–20breeding pairs are projected in the AltaiKray.

The Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). Atotal of 74 breeding areas were found, 72nests (32 active nests) were found in 59breeding territories. There, 81,94 % of thenests were located on the rocks, others onbushes and the ground. Clutch size (n=6)varies from 2 to 3, making an average(M±SD) 2,33±0,52. Brood size varies from1 to 3, or 1,86±0,53 chicks on average persuccessful nest (n=17), and 0,86±0,97 – peroccupied nest (n=35). A total of 270–280breeding pairs are estimated for the AltaiKray (fig. 4).

The Great Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga).A total of 61 breeding areas were found on

Êîíòàêò:Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Èëüÿ ÑìåëÿíñêèéÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñê, à/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ:(383) 339 78 [email protected]

Ñåðãåé ÁàêêàÍèæåãîðîäñêîåîòäåëåíèå ÑÎÏÐ603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäà/ÿ 631Ýêîöåíòð «Äðîíò»òåë.: (8312) 34 46 [email protected]

Ìàêñèì ÃðàáîâñêèéÎðíèòîëîãè÷åñêàÿñëóæáà àýðîïîðòàÒîëìà÷¸âî630002 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêàÿ îáë.ã. Îáü–2 Àýðîïîðò«Òîëìà÷¸âî»òåë.: (383) 216 91 [email protected]

Raptors ResearchИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРНАТЫХ ХИЩНИКОВ

Raptors Research Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 29

the territory of the Altai Kray, 25 nests werefound (22 nests were located on pines, 2 –on birches, 1 – on aspen). Three clutcheswith 2 eggs each were found in 2003. Av-erage brood size (n=8) was 1,6±0,52, range1–2. A total of 350–370 breeding pairs areestimated in the Altai Kray (fig. 5).

The Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). A to-tal of 107 breeding areas were found on theterritory of the Altai Kray: 28 were locatedin the foothill of the Altai and 79 – in theplain part of the left bank of Ob’. There, 92nests were found (63 active and 29 emp-ty). Two nests contained clutches per 2 eggsfor each. Chicks of different ages were foundin 22 nests, and 39 nests were active, butnot checked for different reasons, 4 nestscontained dead clutches (per 2 eggs), and25 were empty at the time of the visit (failedbreeding attempts in the most cases). Themajority of nests were located on pines (84),others – on birches (5), larches (2) and pop-lar (1). Clutches size (n=6, with census ofdead) was 2 eggs. Average brood size(n=20) was 1,55±0,51, range 1–2. Broodsize observed after fledgling (n=8) was1,38±0,52, range 1–2. A total of 461–498breeding pairs are estimated for the AltaiKray (fig. 6).

The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). Atotal of 18 breeding areas were found onthe territory of the Altai Kray: 12 were lo-cated in the foothill of the Altai and 6 – inthe plain region of the left bank of Ob’.There, 13 nests were found (10 – in the foot-hill of the Altai and 3 – in the plain region).Out of 10 nests found in the mountain partof the Kray 9 were located on cliffs and 1 –on a birch. All 3 nests from the plains re-gion were located on pines. Average broodsize in successful nest (n=10) 1,4±0,7, range

ñ çàïàäà íà âîñòîê. Â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ ñëèÿ-íèå ðåê Áèè è Êàòóíè äà¸ò íà÷àëî êðóï-íåéøåé ñèáèðñêîé ðåêå Îáè.

Òåððèòîðèþ êðàÿ ñëàãàþò ñëåäóþùèåêðóïíûå ãåîìîðôîëîãè÷åñêèå åäèíèöû (ñçàïàäà íà âîñòîê): (1) Êóëóíäèíñêàÿ íèç-ìåííîñòü – èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî âûðîâíåííàÿîç¸ðíàÿ äåïðåññèÿ ñ îáèëèåì ïðåñíûõ èñîë¸íûõ îç¸ð è ñîëîí÷àêîâ; (2) Ïðèîáñ-êîå ïëàòî – îáëàñòü ëîæáèí äðåâíåãî ñòî-êà, ïëàñòîâàÿ âîçâûøåííàÿ ðàâíèíà (ïðå-îáëàäàþùèå âûñîòû 200–300 ì í.ó.ì.) íàâîäîðàçäåëå Îáè è Èðòûøà, õàðàêòåðíûäîëèííî-áàëî÷íûé ðåëüåô ñ øèðîêèìèïëîñêèìè âîäîðàçäåëàìè, øèðîêîå ðàçâè-òèå ïåñ÷àíûõ ìàññèâîâ ñ ýîëîâûì ðåëüå-ôîì ïî ëîæáèíàì äðåâíåãî ñòîêà; (3) Áèé-ñêî-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü – ïîóñòðîéñòâó ïîâåðõíîñòè áëèçêà ê Ïðèîá-ñêîìó ïëàòî, íî òóò îòñóòñòâóþò ëîæáèíûäðåâíåãî ñòîêà; (4–5) Ïðåäàëòàéñêàÿ èÏðåäñàëàèðñêàÿ ðàâíèíû – öîêîëüíûå ðàâ-íèíû, â ðàçëè÷íîé ñòåïåíè ðàñ÷ëåí¸ííûåäîëèííî-áàëî÷íîé ñåòüþ, ìåñòàìè äî ìåë-êîñîïî÷íîãî ðåëüåôà; (6) ïðåäãîðüÿ è íèç-êîãîðüÿ Àëòàÿ; (7) Ñàëàèðñêèé êðÿæ – íå-âûñîêîå (äî 500 ì í.ó.ì.) ïîäíÿòèå ñõîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûì ýðîçèîííûì ðåëüå-ôîì. Ïîñëåäíèå îòëè÷àþòñÿ íàèáîëåå ãå-òåðîãåííûì, ñëîæíî óñòðîåííûì ðåëüå-ôîì – îò íèçêèõ ýðîçèîííûõìåëêîñîïî÷íèêîâ è õîëìèñòî-óâàëèñòûõïëàòî ïðåäãîðèé äî ñðåäíåãîðíûõ õðåá-òîâ (ìàêñèìàëüíûå âûñîòû â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ– îêîëî 2000 ì í.ó.ì.); âûðàæåíà ÿðóñ-íîñòü ðåëüåôà. Ïðîñòèðàíèå Êîëûâàíñêî-ãî è Òèãèðåêñêîãî õðåáòîâ áëèçêî ê øèðîò-íîìó, îñòàëüíûå õðåáòû, ïðåäñòàâëåííûåâ ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ (Êîðãîíñêèé, Áàùåëàêñ-êèé, Àíóéñêèé, ×åðãèíñêèé, Ñåìèíñêèé),èìåþò ìåðèäèîíàëüíîå ïðîñòèðàíèå è,

Àíàñòàñèÿ ÐûáåíêîÀëåêñàíäðà ÅãîðîâàÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêà/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ:(383) 339 78 [email protected]@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Contact:Igor KaryakinCenter of Field StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Ilya SmelanskyNGO SiberianEnviromental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax:(383) 339 78 [email protected]

Sergey BakkaThe N.Novgorod branchof RBCUP.O. Box 631Ecocenter DrontNizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: (8312) 34 46 [email protected]

Maxim GrabovskyThe OrnithologicalService at airport‘Tolmatshevo’Airport ‘Tolmatshevo’Ob’, Novosibirsk district630002 Russiatel.: (383) 216 91 [email protected]

Anastasia RybenkoAlexandra EgorovaNGO SiberianEnviromental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax:(383) 339 78 [email protected]@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ ïàðû Breeding pairs

Âèä Species

Èçâåñòíûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè

Known breeding territories

Âñåãî Total

Óñïåøíî ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ

Successful pairs

Çìååÿä Circaetus gallicus 1 5–10 3–7 Îðåë-êàðëèê Hieraaetus pennatus 0 10–20 7–14 Îðåë ñòåïíîé Aquila nipalensis 74 270–280 162–168 Ïîäîðëèê áîëüøîé Aquila clanga 61 350–370 245–259 Ìîãèëüíèê Aquila heliaca 107 461–498 319–344 Áåðêóò Aquila chrysaetos 18 247–289 216–253 Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò Haliaeetus albicilla 20 124–137 99–110 Áàëîáàí Falco cherrug 42 92–130 49–69 Ñàïñàí Falco peregrinus 9 103–147 73–104 Ôèëèí Bubo bubo 110 846–968 550–629

Òàáë. 1. ×èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ

Table 1. The number of breeding raptors in the Altai Kray


1–3. A total of 247–289 breeding pairs areprojected in the Altai Kray (fig. 7).

The White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albi-cilla). A total of 20 breeding areas werefound on the territory of the Altai Kray. Fournests in the pine forest were located onpines. Brood with two chicks was observedonce, and broods with 1 fledgling – fourtimes. A total of 124–137 breeding pairs areestimated to be breeding in the Altai Kray(fig. 8).

The Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) –a vagrant species. Six birds were observedin 3 places in the 14–16 July 2002 ã.

The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). A totalof 38 territories (37 occupied ones) werefound in the Altai Kray in 2003. There, 22known nests (75,9 %, n=29) were occupiedat the time of checking. Four pairs werebreeding in raven (Corvus corax) nests oncliffs in the mountain region, 25 – on pinesin the plain region (20 – in Imperial Eaglenests, 2 – in Black Kite (Milvus migrans)nests, and one each in a Golden Eagle nest,a Raven nest, and in an unidentified hostnest). Two new breeding pairs found in pine-forests in 2004 (both nests were located inImperial Eagle nests on pines). Revisits ofthe 21 known areas found in 2003 haveshown that only 15 of them were occupiedand only four of them were successful.Clutch size ranged 3–4 in 2003. Averagebrood size was 2,90±0,31, range 1–4, n=10.Two unfertile eggs were found in the nestwith 2 chicks in 2004, average brood sizewas 2,86±0,9, range 2–4, n=7 (including

îáðûâàÿñü ê Ïðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâíèíå ñ ñå-âåðà ïðåäãîðüÿ óñòóïîì (ïåðåïàä 80–200ì), îáðàçóþò «ôàñ» Àëòàÿ. Â êà÷åñòâå îò-äåëüíîé êðóïíîé åäèíèöû ìîæåò áûòü âû-äåëåíà ðå÷íàÿ äîëèíà Îáè ñ îñíîâíûìèïðèòîêàìè, ïðèóðî÷åííàÿ ê ðàçëîìó íàêîíòàêòå Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû ñãîðíîé îáëàñòüþ. Îíà èìååò ðåçêî àñèì-ìåòðè÷íîå ñòðîåíèå ñ âûñîêèì îáðûâèñ-òûì ëåâûì è ïîëîãèì ïðàâûì áîðòàìè. Âïðàâîáåðåæüå âûäåëÿåòñÿ äî 5 íàäïîé-ìåííûõ òåððàñ è ïîéìà äî 15 êì øèðè-íîé (Çàíèí, 1958; Àòëàñ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ,1978).

Ïî ôèçèêî-ãåîãðàôè÷åñêîìó ðàéîíè-ðîâàíèþ êðàÿ åãî òåððèòîðèÿ âõîäèò âñîñòàâ äâóõ ôèçèêî-ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèõ ñòðàí– Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèííîé è Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîé ãîðíîé. Ïåðâàÿ èç íèõ äåëèòñÿçäåñü íà ñòåïíóþ è ëåñîñòåïíóþ îáëàñòè,êîòîðûå ïîäðàçäåëÿþòñÿ äàëåå íà Êóëóí-äèíñêóþ, Þæíî-Ïðèàëåéñêóþ è Ïðåäàë-òàéñêóþ ïðîâèíöèè ñòåïíîé îáëàñòè èÂåðõíå-Îáñêóþ è Ïðåäñàëàèðñêóþ ïðî-âèíöèè ëåñîñòåïíîé îáëàñòè. Àëòàå-Ñàÿí-ñêàÿ ãîðíàÿ ñòðàíà òàêæå ðàçäåëÿåòñÿ âêðàå íà äâå îáëàñòè – Àëòàéñêóþ, âêëþ÷à-þùóþ çäåñü Ñåâåðî-Çàïàäíóþ è Ñåâåðî-Âîñòî÷íóþ ïðîâèíöèè, è Ñàëàèðî-Êóçíåö-êî-Àëàòàóñêóþ, ïðåäñòàâëåííóþ Ñàëàèðñêîéïðîâèíöèåé (Êðàñíîÿðîâà, 1999).

Ðàâíèííàÿ ÷àñòü êðàÿ ïîëíîñòüþ ëåæèò âñòåïíîé çîíå. Ïðåäñòàâëåíû ëåñîñòåïíàÿïîäçîíà ñ ïîëîñàìè ñåâåðíîé, ñðåäíåé èþæíîé (êîëî÷íîé) ëåñîñòåïè, ïîäçîíûíàñòîÿùèõ (ñ ïîëîñàìè áîãàòîðàçíîòðàâ-íî-äåðíîâèííîçëàêîâûõ è ðàçíîòðàâíî-äåðíîâèííîçëàêîâûõ) è ñóõèõ äåðíîâèí-íîçëàêîâûõ ñòåïåé. Âîñòîê êðàÿ çàíÿòîáëàñòüþ âûñîòíîé ïîÿñíîñòè ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî ãîðíî-òà¸æíî-êóñòàðíèêîâî-ñòåï-íîãî òèïà (ñåâåðî-ïðåäàëòàéñêîãî, ñåâåðî-çàïàäíî-àëòàéñêîãî è ñåâåðî-àëòàéñêîãîâàðèàíòîâ). Êîëîíêà ïîÿñíîñòè âêëþ÷àåòðàçëè÷íûå âàðèàíòû ñòåïåé è çàðîñëè êñå-ðîìåçîôèòíûõ êóñòàðíèêîâ, âûøå ñìåíÿ-þùèåñÿ ëåñîñòåïüþ è ãîðíî-òà¸æíûìè÷åðíåâûìè è ñîñíîâî-ëèñòâåíè÷íûìè ëå-ñàìè, åù¸ âûøå èõ ñìåíÿþò ñóáàëüïèéñ-êèå è àëüïèéñêèå ñðåäíåãîðüÿ (ïîñëåäíèåìàëî ïðåäñòàâëåíû â êðàå – òîëüêî íà âåð-øèíàõ ãîð Áàùåëàêñêîãî è Òèãèðåêñêîãîõðåáòîâ). Òîëüêî íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæåïðåäñòàâëåí òà¸æíî-÷åðíåâîé (ñàëàèðñ-êèé) òèï ïîÿñíîñòè, â âåðõíåì ïîÿñå êî-òîðîãî èñòîðè÷åñêè ïðåîáëàäàëè ïèõòî-âûå è îñèíîâî-ïèõòîâûå (÷åðíåâûå) ëåñà.Êðîìå òîãî, çíà÷èòåëüíîå ìåñòî â êðàåçàíèìàþò èíòðàçîíàëüíûå ñîñíîâûå áîðû

Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà ëåñîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ:1 – ëåñà ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ2 – ëåñà ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ3 – ëåñà Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ

Fig. 1. The forests in the Altai Kray:1 – forests in the plain part in the left bank of Ob’2 – forests in the mountain part in the left bank of Ob’3 – forests in the right bank of Ob’


íà ïåñêàõ ïî äîëèíå Îáè è ëîæáèíàìäðåâíåãî ñòîêà (ëåíòî÷íûå áîðû). Øèðîò-íûé õàðàêòåð çîíàëüíîñòè íàðóøåí äîëè-íîé Îáè è áëèçîñòüþ ãîðíûõ ñîîðóæåíèéÀëòàÿ è Ñàëàèðà, ïîýòîìó ãðàíèöû ïîäçîííå èìåþò ñòðîãî øèðîòíîãî ïðîñòèðàíèÿ,à áëèæå ê ãîðàì ïðîõîäÿò ïî÷òè ìåðèäè-îíàëüíî. (Àëåêñàíäðîâà è äð., 1958à, á;Àòëàñ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, 1978; Îãóðååâà,1980) (ðèñ. 1).

Äëÿ êðàÿ õàðàêòåðíà î÷åíü âûñîêàÿ ñòå-ïåíü ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé îñâîåííîñòè.Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü çåìåëü â àäìèíèñòðàòèâ-íûõ ãðàíèöàõ êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 167996 êì2,èç íèõ çåìëè ñåëüõîçóãîäèé çàíèìàþò106156 êì2 (íà 1999 ã.), â òîì ÷èñëå ïëî-ùàäü ïàøíè ñîñòàâëÿåò 69152 êì2. Ñðåäíÿÿðàñïàõàííîñòü ñåëüõîçóãîäèé – 65,14 %, àâ îòäåëüíûõ àäìèíèñòðàòèâíûõ ðàéîíàõîíà äîõîäèò äî 87 % (Ñóáðåãèîíàëüíàÿ íàö.ïðîãðàììà…, 2000). Â îáùåì äîëÿ ïàøíèìàêñèìàëüíà â Êóëóíäå è íà Ïðèîáñêîìïëàòî, ìèíèìàëüíà â ãîðíî-òà¸æíîì ïîÿñåÀëòàÿ è Ñàëàèðà. Ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì òåððè-òîðèè çàíèìàþò 35615 êì2 (21,2 % îáùåéïëîùàäè çåìåëü) (Ìàòåðèàëû ê ãîñ. äîêëà-äó…, 1998). Ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè Îáñêîãîëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò121569 êì2, ëåñîïîêðûòàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ –16083 êì2 (10191 êì2 – ðàâíèííàÿ ÷àñòüëåâîáåðåæüÿ, 5891 êì2 – ãîðíàÿ ÷àñòü ëå-âîáåðåæüÿ) (ðèñ. 2).

Ìåòîäèêà

Â 2001–2005 ãã., â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà «Áà-ëîáàí â Ðîññèè» Èíñòèòóòà èññëåäîâàíèÿñîêîëîâ (The Falcon Research Institute IWCLtd.), à òàêæå ðÿäà ïðîåêòîâ ÌÁÎÎ «Ñè-áýêîöåíòð» («Ñîõðàíåíèå öåííûõ ó÷àñòêîâäèêîé ïðèðîäû: Ïëàíèðîâàíèå, óòâåðæäå-íèå, îáùåñòâåííûé êîíòðîëü» è «Ñîõðàíå-íèå äèêîé ïðèðîäû Àëòàÿ: ïðèîðèòåò ñòå-ïåé»), ïîëåâûìè îòðÿäàìè Öåíòðà ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé è Ñèáýêîöåíòðà áûëà îáñëå-äîâàíà ÷àñòü òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ýêñïåäèöèîííûõìàðøðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà 23645 êì, èç íèõ àâ-òîìîáèëüíûõ – 22828, ïåøèõ – 817. Äëÿó÷¸òà âñåõ õèùíèêîâ áûëè çàëîæåíû 3ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêè â âåðõíåì òå÷åíèè ð.Àëåé (804,18 êì2), â áàññåéíàõ ðåê Ëîê-òåâêè (409,49 êì2) è ×àðûøà (96,99 êì2)îáùåé ïëîùàäüþ 1310,66 êì2. Òàêæå äëÿó÷¸òà îòäåëüíûõ âèäîâ áûëè çàëîæåíû åù¸12 ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäîê ñ öåëüþ ìîäåëèðî-âàíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ áèîòîïîâ. Äàííûå ïî òà-êèì ïëîùàäêàì ïðèâîäÿòñÿ â âèäîâûõî÷åðêàõ.

dead). A total of 92–130 pairs are estimat-ed to breed in the Altai Kray (fig. 9).

The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus).A total of 9 breeding territories were foundin the Altai Kray. All breeding areas werevisited after fledgling, so the brood size wasnot measured. One or two juveniles wereregistered near every known nest. A totalof 103–147 breeding pairs are estimated forthe Altai Kray (fig. 10).

The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo). A total of 110breeding areas were found on the territoryof the Altai Kray: 30 were located in the foot-hills on the Western bank of the Ob’, 79 – inthe plain region of the Western bank of theOb’ and 1 – in the Eastern bank of the Ob’.There, 80 nests were found: 29 nests werelocated in niches in cliffs, 51 –on the ground,49 of them – in the foot of pine-trees. Deadclutches (n=5) contained 1–2 eggs, average1,8±0,45. Two dead broods contained 2chicks each. Every case of death of clutchesand broods in belt pine-forests was causedby humans. Average brood size in success-ful nests was 1,87±0,69, range 1–3, n=23.A total of 846–968 breeding pairs are esti-mated to breed in the Altai Kray (fig. 11).

Ðèñ. 2. Êàðòà ïðèðîäíûõ ðàéîíîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ:1 – ëåñîñòåïü è ñòåïü ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëå-âîáåðåæüÿ (83175,01 êì2)2 – Ïðèîáñêèå áîðû (12331,15 êì2),3 – Áèå-×óìûøñêàÿ âîçâûøåííîñòü (21778,34 êì2)4 – ëåñîñòåïü è ñòåïü ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ â Îáñêîì ëå-âîáåðåæüå (29097,20 êì2)5 – ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè (2773,83 êì2)6 – ãîðíî-ëåñíîé ïîÿñ Àëòàÿ (11121,27 êì2)7 – ãîðíî-ëåñíîé ïîÿñ Ñàëàèðà (7911,36 êì2)

Fig. 2. The nature regions of the Altai Kray:1 – forest-steppe and steppe in the plain part in the leftbank of Ob’ (83175,01 km2)2 – pine forests in the left bank of Ob’ (12331,15 km2)3 – the Biya-Chumishskaya upland (21778,34 km2)4 – forest-steppe and steppe in the foot of the AltaiMountains in the left bank of Ob’ (29097,20 km2)5 – the territory between the Biya and Katun’ rivers(2773,83 km2)6 – mountain forests in Altai (11121,27 km2)7 – mountain forests in Salair (7911,36 km2)


Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîââûÿâëÿëèñü áîëüøåé ÷àñòüþ â õîäå àâòî-ìàðøðóòîâ ïî îòêðûòûì ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿì,â ìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè – â õîäå ïåøèõ ìàðø-ðóòîâ. Ðàáîòà áûëà îñíîâàíà íà ðåãèñòðà-öèè îõîòÿùèõñÿ ïòèö è ïîèñêå ãí¸çä â ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ.

Ïîä ãíåçäîâûìè ó÷àñòêàìè ïîäðàçóìå-âàþòñÿ òåððèòîðèè, íà êîòîðûõ áûëè îá-íàðóæåíû ãí¸çäà (æèëûå èëè ïóñòóþùèå,íî àáîíèðóåìûå ïòèöàìè) ëèáî áûëèâñòðå÷åíû íåðàñïàâøèåñÿ âûâîäêè èëèâçðîñëûå ïòèöû, íåîäíîêðàòíî ïðîÿâëÿâ-øèå ïðèçíàêè áåñïîêîéñòâà êàê ïî îòíî-øåíèþ ê ÷åëîâåêó, òàê è ïî îòíîøåíèþ êäðóãèì ïòèöàì. Ê âîçìîæíûì ãíåçäîâûìó÷àñòêàì ìû ïðèðàâíèâàåì èþíüñêèåâñòðå÷è âçðîñëûõ ïòèö ñ äîáû÷åé, íåî-äíîêðàòíî ðåãèñòðèðîâàâøèåñÿ íà îäíîéè òîé æå òåððèòîðèè.

Âûÿâëåííûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè êàðòèðî-âàëèñü, äàííûå âíîñèëèñü â ñðåäó ÃÈÑ(ArcView 3.2a, ESRI, CA, USA), ãäå ïðîèç-âîäèëñÿ ðàñ÷¸ò îáùåé ÷èñëåííîñòè, èíäè-âèäóàëüíî äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà, èñõîäÿ èç åãîãíåçäîâûõ ñòåðåîòèïîâ (Êàðÿêèí, 1996;2000). Òèïè÷íûå ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå äëÿ âèäàáèîòîïû ìîäåëèðîâàëèñü íà îñíîâå ïîëå-âûõ äàííûõ ïî êîñìîñíèìêàì Ðåñóðñ-ÌÑÓ-Å, Landsat–7 è âåêòîðíûì êàðòàì Ì1:200000 è 1:500000. Ïî ýòèì ñíèìêàì èêàðòàì îïðåäåëÿëàñü ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ, íà êîòîðóþ ïðÿìî ýêñò-ðàïîëèðîâàëèñü äàííûå ñ ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäåé.

Ðåçóëüòàòû èññëåäîâàíèé

Çìååÿä (Circaetus gallicus)Â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå îáèòàåò íà ñåâåðî-âîñ-

òî÷íîé ãðàíèöå ñâîåãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ.Èíôîðìàöèÿ î ãíåçäîâàíèè çìååÿäà â

Àëòàéñêîì êðàå èìååòñÿ ëèøü ó Ã.À. Âåëè-æàíèíà (1930) – îí óêàçûâàåò ãíåçäî ââåðõîâüå ð. Áàðíàóëêè áëèç îç. Ãîðüêîå.Ïîçæå, â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå êðàÿ ðå-ãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ëèøü ëåòíèå âñòðå÷è âèäàáëèç Áàðíàóëà (Íèêèòèí, 1990). Ïî äàí-íûì Êðàñíîé êíèãè (1998) â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå îáèòàåò íå áîëåå 10 ïàð çìååÿäîâ.

Â õîäå íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé 1 èþëÿ 2003ã. áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî çìååÿäà, ðàñ-ïîëîæåííîå â âåðõíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû 22 ìñîñíû, ðàñòóùåé íà âíåøíåé îïóøêå Áàð-íàóëüñêîé ëåíòû íà òåððèòîðèè Òîï÷èõèí-ñêîãî ðàéîíà. Íà ìîìåíò îáíàðóæåíèÿãíåçäî áûëî ïóñòûì, îäíàêî âçðîñëûå ïòè-öû äåðæàëèñü áëèç íåãî. Ñóäÿ ïî ñëåäàìïîä ãíåçäîì, ðàçìíîæåíèå áûëî óñïåø-íûì â ïðîøëîì ãîäó.

Ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî âçðîñëûé çìååÿäíàáëþäàëñÿ 13 ìàÿ 2003 ã. â Òðåòüÿêîâñ-êîì ðàéîíå áëèç ãðàíèöû ñ Êàçàõñòàíîì.

Ïî ñòîëü ñêóäíûì äàííûì íå ïðåäñòàâ-ëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòüâèäà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ, îäíàêî îíà âðÿä ëè ïðåâûøàåò 10 ïàð(ðèñ. 3).

Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus)Â Êðàñíîé êíèãå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (1998)

îð¸ë-êàðëèê ïðèâîäèòñÿ â ñòàòóñå ÷ðåçâû-÷àéíî ðåäêîãî ïåðèôåðèéíîãî âèäà íàîñíîâàíèè îäíîé âñòðå÷è â áàññåéíå ð.Ìîñòîâàÿ íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæå. Â Îáñêîìëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ðàíåå íåíàáëþäàëñÿ.

Ìû ðàñïîëàãàåì äâóìÿ âñòðå÷àìè ýòîãîâèäà â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â Îáñêîì ëåâî-áåðåæüå. 20 èþëÿ 2002 ã. âçðîñëûé êàð-ëèê ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû íàáëþäàëñÿ â ïîéìåÊàòóíè ïîä ã. Áèéñêîì. 10 èþëÿ 2003 ã.âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà ò¸ìíîé ìîðôû áûëà âñòðå-÷åíà íàä îç¸ðîì, ïðîòÿíóâøèìñÿ âäîëüîïóøêè áîðà â Óãëîâñêîì ðàéîíå.

Íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñïåöè-àëüíûå ïîèñêè ãíåçä îðëà-êàðëèêà íå âå-ëèñü, îäíàêî, ó÷èòûâàÿ âñòðå÷è ãíåçäÿùèõ-ñÿ ïòèö â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè (ñì.ñòàòüþ íà ñòð. 54) è Ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé(íàøè äàííûå), ìîæíî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ñïî-ðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâàíèå îðëà-êàðëèêà âÎáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ âêîëè÷åñòâå 10–20 ïàð.

Îð¸ë ñòåïíîé (Aquila nipalensis)Ýòî õàðàêòåðíûé âèä ñòåïíîé çîíû Ñå-

âåðíîé Åâðàçèè, â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íàõî-äèòñÿ íà ñåâåðíîé ãðàíèöå ñïëîøíîãî ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíèÿ.

Ðèñ. 3. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâçìååÿäà (Circaetus gallicus) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå

Fig. 3. The distribution of breeding territories of Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) in Altai Kray


Äî ïîñëåäíåãî âðåìåíè áûëî èçâåñòíîî÷åíü ìàëî äîñòîâåðíûõ ñëó÷àåâ ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå.Î.ß. Ãàðìñ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà.., 1998) íàáëþ-äàë ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ áëèç ñ.Ñòàðîàëåéñêîå. Ëåòíèå âñòðå÷è èçâåñòíûâ ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ (Åãîðîâ, 1961;Èðèñîâ, Ãàðìñ, 1979; Ãàðìñ, Èðèñîâ,1987), íà Êóëóíäèíñêîé ðàâíèíå (Ïåòðîâ,Èðèñîâ, 1995) è â ðÿäå äðóãèõ ðàéîíîâ(Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà..., 1998). Ïî ïðåäïîëîæå-íèþ Í.Ë. Èðèñîâîé (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà...,1998), ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâ-êè ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå íå ïðå-âûøàåò 10–15 ïàð, õîòÿ ïî å¸ æå äàííûìýòîò âèä â âåðõîâüÿõ Àëåÿ ïîñëå ãíåçäî-âîãî ïåðèîäà (24–25 àâãóñòà 1977 ã.) ðå-ãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ â êîëè÷åñòâå 17,5 îñ./100êì ìàðøðóòà. Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí ñ ñîàâòîðàìè(1988) ïî äàííûì íà 1986 ã. îöåíèëè ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèð-ñêîé ðàâíèíå â 850 îñîáåé èëè 200 ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ ïàð.

Çà 5 ïîëåâûõ ñåçîíîâ íàìè áûëî ëîêà-ëèçîâàíî 74 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñòåïíîãîîðëà. Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïðèóðî÷åíûê ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðíûõ ñòåïåé Àëòàÿ, øèðè-íà êîòîðîé èçìåíÿåòñÿ îò 20 êì íà ñåâå-ðå äî 70 êì íà þãå êðàÿ. Äàëåå ìû áóäåìãîâîðèòü î íåé êàê î òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåí-öèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåï-íîãî îðëà. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü ýòîé òåððèòî-ðèè ñîñòàâëÿåò 22066 êì2, ñ ïëîùàäüþãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ (ñòåïíûå ó÷à-ñòêè ñ ïåðåñå÷åííûì ðåëüåôîì è óìåðåí-íîé ïàñòáèùíîé íàãðóçêîé) – 1954,80 êì2.

Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ â 2001–2003 ãã.áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 19 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâñòåïíûõ îðëîâ. Ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæ-äó ãí¸çäàìè ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ ñîñòàâèëî 3,04

êì (1,0 – 8,6 êì; n=17), ò.å.íà êàæäóþ ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ7,24 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîéèëè 68,98 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùà-äè. Ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà îáùóþïëîùàäü, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðè-ãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåï-íîãî îðëà, ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî âïðåäåëàõ âûäåëåííîãî ïîëè-ãîíà ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ 320ïàð îðëîâ. Îäíàêî ýòà öèô-ðà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ íåñêîëüêîçàâûøåííîé, òàê êàê íà ó÷¸ò-íûõ ïëîùàäêàõ ïðîöåíò ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñòåïíîãîîðëà áèîòîïîâ íåñêîëüêîâûøå, ÷åì ïðîöåíò òàêèõ áèî-òîïîâ íà ðàññìàòðèâàåìîé

òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà. Áîëåå òî÷íàÿïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûåáèîòîïû äà¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòü â 270 ïàð.

Â 2002 ã. ïîìèìî ïëîùàäî÷íûõ ó÷¸òîâáûë ïðîâåä¸í ó÷¸ò íà ìàðøðóòå ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòüþ 801,66 êì, ïî ïåðèôåðèè ïðåäãî-ðèé è Ïðåäàëòàéñêîé ðàâíèíû. Â õîäå ó÷¸-òà áûëî âûÿâëåíî 5 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ.Øèðèíà ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïîðåãèñòðàöèÿì ãí¸çä îðëîâ, ñîñòàâèëà 500 ì.Ïëîòíîñòü – 0,62 ïàðû/100 êì ìàðøðóòàèëè 1,25 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïå-ðåñ÷¸ò íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ, ïîòåíöèàëüíîïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà,ïîçâîëèë îïðåäåëèòü åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü â275 ïàð.

Îöåíêè ÷èñëåííîñòè ïî äàííûì ìàðøðóò-íûõ è ïëîùàäî÷íûõ ó÷¸òîâ äàþò áëèçêèåðåçóëüòàòû. Â ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì ìîæíî ïðåäïî-ëîæèòü, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëà íàãíåçäîâàíèè â ïîëîñå ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèéÀëòàÿ, îïðåäåë¸ííàÿ â 270–280 ïàð, ÿâëÿ-åòñÿ íàèáîëåå áëèçêîé ê ðåàëüíîé.

Â 2004 ã. îáñëåäîâàíèå òåððèòîðèè ñòåï-íûõ ïðåäãîðèé â áàññåéíàõ Àëåÿ, ×àðûøà èÀíóÿ ïîêàçàëè ñïðàâåäëèâîñòü ýòèõ ðàñ÷¸-òîâ: ñòåïíîé îð¸ë áûë îáíàðóæåí íà ãíåç-äîâàíèè âåçäå, ãäå îíî ïðîãíîçèðîâàëîñü.

Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ñïîðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâà-íèå îòäåëüíûõ ïàð ñòåïíîãî îðëà è çà ïðå-äåëàìè ïîëîñû ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, â ÷àñ-òíîñòè íà Êóëóíäèíñêîé ðàâíèíå, îäíàêî,òàêèå ñëó÷àè äî ñèõ ïîð íåèçâåñòíû. Ëèøüîäíàæäû 21 ìàÿ 2003 ã. íà Êóëóíäèíñêîéðàâíèíå íàìè íàáëþäàëñÿ îäèíî÷íûéâçðîñëûé ñòåïíîé îð¸ë.

Çà ïåðèîä èññëåäîâàíèé áûëî îáíàðó-æåíî 72 ãíåçäà ñòåïíîãî îðëà íà 59 ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. 32 èç íèõ áûëè æèëûìèíà ìîìåíò ïðîâåðêè, îñòàëüíûå ëèáî ñòà-ðûìè, ëèáî ïóñòóþùèìè ïî ðàçíûì ïðè-

Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà ñ êëàäêîé (17.05.2005).Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The nest of the Steppe Eagle with a clutch(17/05/2005). Photo by I. Smelansky

Îïåð¸ííûå ïòåíöûñòåïíîãî îðëà (Aquilanipalensis) â ãíåçäå(25.07.2003). Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

The juveniles of theSteppe Eagle (Aquila ni-palensis) on the nest(25/07/2003). Photo by I.Karyakin


÷èíàì, â òîì ÷èñëå ãí¸çäà ñ ïîãèáøèìèêëàäêàìè è âûâîäêàìè, êîëè÷åñòâî ÿèö èïòåíöîâ â êîòîðûõ ñîñ÷èòàòü íå óäàëîñü.Èç îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõãí¸çä 59 (81,94 %) ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà íå-áîëüøåõ ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäàõ íà îòêðûòûõïîëêàõ, 9 – íà ìîææåâåëîâîì ñòëàíèêå,ðàñòóùåì íà âåðøèíàõ ñêàëüíûõ âûõîäîâñòåïíûõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé, 2 ãíåçäà íà çåì-ëå íà ñêëîíàõ ñòåïíûõ óâàëîâ, 1 – íà ïðè-ðå÷íîé ñêàëå è 1 – íà ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé òðà-âåðñå ìåòàëëè÷åñêîé îïîðû ËÝÏ.

Â êëàäêå 1–3, â ñðåäíåì (M±SD) 1,86±0,53ÿéöà (n=14). Â âûâîäêå 1–3, â ñðåäíåì1,53±0,80 ïòåíöà íà óñïåøíîå ãíåçäî(n=17) è 0,86±0,97 ïòåíöà íà çàíÿòîå ãíåç-äî (n=35). Ïî íàøèì äàííûì, êëàäêè ãèá-íóò, â îñíîâíîì, ïî ïðè÷èíå áåñïîêîéñòâàïòèö (4 èçâåñòíûõ ñëó÷àÿ), ðåæå íàáëþäà-åòñÿ ãèáåëü ïòåíöîâ (2 ñëó÷àÿ). Â 2003 ã.èç-çà áåñïîêîéñòâà ëþäüìè ðîäèòåëè íà-äîëãî ïîêèíóëè ãíåçäî, â ðåçóëüòàòå ÷åãîìîëîäàÿ (ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸ííàÿ) ñàìêà ñúå-ëà ñâîåãî áðàòà (ñàìöà, îòñòàâàâøåãî âðàçâèòèè íà íåäåëþ).

Ïî íàáëþäåíèÿì 2002–2004 ãã. îêîëî56 % ïàð ñòåïíûõ îðëîâ óñïåøíî âûâîäÿòïîòîìñòâî. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ ïîêàçàòåëåé,ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãîîðëà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ â 151–157 óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõ-ñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 4).

Èçâåñòíû 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ñòåïíûõîðëîâ, êîòîðûå ïðåêðàòèëè ñâî¸ ñóùå-ñòâîâàíèå çà ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû. Ó÷èòûâàÿ,÷òî âñå ëîêàëèçîâàííûå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñò-êè, çàíÿòûå îðëàìè íà 2004 ãîä, ÿâëÿþòñÿìíîãîëåòíèìè (ýòî îïðåäåëÿëîñü ïî êîëè-÷åñòâó è âîçðàñòó ãíåçäîâûõ ïîñòðîåê),ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î íåêîòîðîì ñîêðàùåíèè÷èñëåííîñòè ñòåïíîãî îðëà (íà 7 %). Ìûñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî îñíîâíîé ïðè÷èíîé èñ÷åçíî-âåíèÿ ïòèö ñ ïîñòîÿííî çàíèìàåìûõ ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðåêðàùåíèå âû-

ïàñà, ÷òî ïðèâîäèò ê óâåëè÷åíèþ ãóñòîòûè âûñîòû òðàâîñòîÿ íà ïàñòáèùàõ, çàðàñ-òàíèþ ñêîòîñáîåâ áóðüÿíèñòîé ðàñòèòåëü-íîñòüþ. Ñóäÿ ïî îñòàíêàì æåðòâ ïîä ïðè-ñàäàìè è íà ãí¸çäàõ, îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìèïèòàíèÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàåÿâëÿþòñÿ àëòàéñêèé öîêîð, êðàñíîù¸êèéñóñëèê, ñòåïíàÿ ïèùóõà, ìåëêèå ìûøåâèä-íûå ãðûçóíû è âðàíîâûå, ïðè÷¸ì àëòàéñ-êèé öîêîð è âðàíîâûå äîìèíèðóþò ïîâñòðå÷àåìîñòè. Àíàëèç ïîãàäîê èç ãí¸çäñòåïíîãî îðëà 2004 ãîäà, âûïîëíåííûé Î.Ãîí÷àðîâîé, ïîêàçàë, ÷òî â ïèòàíèè ïàð,ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â áàññåéíå ×àðûøà è Àíóÿâñòðå÷àåòñÿ 6–10 âèäîâ ãðûçóíîâ, 2–3 âèäàâðàíîâûõ è êóðèíûõ ïòèö, ïðè àáñîëþò-íîì äîìèíèðîâàíèè àëòàéñêîãî öîêîðà(Ñìåëÿíñêèé è äð., â ïå÷àòè).

Ïîäîðëèê áîëüøîé (Aquila clanga)Ê.Ò. Þðëîâ (1974) ñ÷èòàë ïîäîðëèêà

îáû÷íîé ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïòèöåé ëåñíûõ êîë-êîâ è áîðîâ Êóëóíäû. Ëåòíèå âñòðå÷è èç-âåñòíû â ðàçëè÷íûõ ðàéîíàõ Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ, â òîì ÷èñëå è â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðå-æüå (Âåëèæàíèí, 1928; Ñåëåâèí, 1928;Êó÷èí, 1976, 1991; Ðàâêèí, 1973; Êðàñ-íàÿ êíèãà…, 1998)

Â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòèÎáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿáîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûì îáû÷-íûì èç îðëîâ. Â 2003 ã. òîëüêî â äâóõ áî-ðîâûõ ëåíòàõ íàìè áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 50ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà,à â 2004 ã. â ýòèõ æå ëåíòàõ åù¸ 2, ðàíååíå èçâåñòíûõ è 6 íîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ â Êóëóí-äèíñêîé ëåíòå è îñòðîâíûõ ëåñàõ âäîëü ð.Êóëóíäû.

Â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ ïîäîðëèê íå áûëâñòðå÷åí, ïîýòîìó òåððèòîðèÿ, ïîòåíöè-àëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ åãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, âÎáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå îãðàíè÷åíà ëåñàìèðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè, ïëîùàäü êîòîðûõ ñîñòàâ-ëÿåò 10191 êì2.

Ïî íàøèì íàáëþäåíèÿì, äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿïîäîðëèêó íåîáõîäèìà ñîâîêóïíîñòüâîäíî-áîëîòíûõ óãîäèé è ëåñà, ïðè÷¸ìñîñòàâ è âîçðàñò ëåñà îñîáîé ðîëè íå èã-ðàþò. Ïîäîðëèê ìîæåò ãíåçäèòüñÿ â óã-íåò¸ííûõ ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ. Â áîðàõ îíèçáåãàåò ñòàðûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, ïðåäïî÷èòàÿñåëèòüñÿ â áîëåå ìîëîäûõ (60–80 ëåò) èìåíåå ðàçðåæåííûõ. Îñíîâíûì êðèòåðè-åì, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì ê ãíåçäîâîìó áèîòîïó,ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èå âîäî¸ìà èëè êðóïíîãîáîëîòà (ïîðÿäêà 1 êì2 è áîëåå) â íåïîñ-ðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ëåñíîãî ìàññèâàèëè âíóòðè íåãî. Ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ÿâëÿåò-ñÿ òàêæå ïîëîñà ëåñà âäîëü âîäíî-áîëîò-

Ðèñ. 4. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ñòåïíîãî îðëà(Aquila nipalensis) â Àë-òàéñêîì êðàå

Fig. 4. The distribution ofbreeding territories ofSteppe Eagle (Aquila ni-palensis) in the Altai Kray


íîãî êîìïëåêñà. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ õàðàêòå-ðèñòèê, ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ â 1023 êì.

Íà ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â Óãëîâñêîì, Âîë-÷èõèíñêîì, Ðîìàíîâñêîì è Ìàìîíòîâñêîìðàéîíàõ îáíàðóæåíî 19 ãí¸çä ýòîãî îðëà.Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäàìè è öåíòðàìèó÷àñòêîâ, íà êîòîðûõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñüñë¸òêè, ñîñòàâëÿåò 1,82–10,64, â ñðåäíåì5,94 êì (n=23). Íà 1 ïàðó ïòèö ïðèõîäèò-ñÿ 27,67 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè èëè 3,3 êìîáëåñ¸ííîé ÷àñòè ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áî-ëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ.

Ïåðåñ÷¸ò ïîêàçàòåëåé ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè,ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà ïàðó ïòèö, íà âñþ ëåñ-íóþ ïëîùàäü ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè ëåâîáåðå-æüÿ äà¸ò îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè â 368 ïàð,÷òî, ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ, çàâûøåíî. Ñâÿçà-íî ýòî â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñ òåì, ÷òî ó÷¸òâ¸ëñÿ íà ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè, áîëåå ïðèãîä-íîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ïîäîðëèêà, ÷åì îá-ùàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ ëåñîâ, íà êîòîðóþ ýêñò-ðàïîëèðîâàíû äàííûå.

Ïåðåñ÷¸ò ëèíåéíûõ åäèíèö (ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòè îáëåñ¸ííîé ÷àñòè ïåðèôåðèè âîä-íî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿíà òåððèòîðèàëüíóþ ïàðó) äà¸ò îöåíêó â310 ïàð, ÷òî, âèäèìî, áëèæå ê ðåàëüíîé÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà.

Â ðàñ÷¸ò íå áûëà âêëþ÷åíà ïîéìà Îáè,â ëåñàõ êîòîðîé ïîäîðëèê, âåðîÿòíî, ãíåç-äèòñÿ. Çäåñü, â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñåë Àêóòèõà,Ðàññêàçèõà è Êó÷óê, îðëîâ íàáëþäàë Á.Í.Ôîìèí (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). ÏîéìàÎáè â ïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ íå áûëà îáñëåäîâà-íà; ïðåäïîëîæèòåëüíî, çäåñü ìîæåò ãíåç-äèòüñÿ 5–8 ïàð îðëîâ.

Âîçìîæíî, îòäåëüíûå ïàðû ñïîðàäè÷íîãíåçäÿòñÿ ïî ïîéìàì ðåê è â ãîðíîé ÷àñòèêðàÿ, îäíàêî âðÿä ëè ýòî ÿâëåíèå íîñèòçàêîíîìåðíûé õàðàêòåð.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü áîëüøîãîïîäîðëèêà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàé-ñêîãî êðàÿ ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 310–320 ïàð.

Â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè áîëüøîéïîäîðëèê ãíåçäèòñÿ â áîðàõ âäîëü Áèè.Çäåñü â 2004 ã. áûë ëîêàëèçîâàí îäèí ãíåç-äîâîé ó÷àñòîê (1 ãíåçäî), à îáùóþ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 4–6 ïàð.

Â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè ïîäîðëèê ãíåçäèò-ñÿ â áîðàõ, îäíàêî, ïîëíîöåííûõ ó÷¸òîâýòîãî âèäà çäåñü íå ïðîâîäèëîñü. Ïðåäïî-ëîæèòåëüíî, åãî ïëîòíîñòü â ýòèõ áèîòî-ïàõ àíàëîãè÷íà íàáëþäàâøåéñÿ íàìè â Ñó-çóíñêîì áîðó â ïðåäåëàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîéîáëàñòè – 1 ïàðà íà 5,7 êì îáëåñ¸ííîé÷àñòè ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìï-ëåêñîâ. Òîãäà åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ïîáåðå-æèé îç¸ð è áîëîò âíóòðè ïðèîáñêèõ áî-ðîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (176,4 êì) ìîæåò áûòüîöåíåíà â 28–34, â ñðåäíåì â 31 ïàðó.

Â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîéâîçâûøåííîñòè ïîäîðëèê íå áûë îáíàðó-æåí. Â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ñàëàèðà èçâåñòíûâñòðå÷è òîëüêî â ïîéìå ð. ×óìûø, ãäå,äàæå ïî ñàìûì îïòèìèñòè÷íûì îöåíêàì,ãíåçäèòñÿ íå áîëåå 8–10 ïàð.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòüáîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Àë-òàéñêîì êðàå ìû îöåíèâàåì â 350–370ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 360 ïàð.

Èç 25 èçâåñòíûõ ãí¸çä 22 ðàñïîëàãàëèñüíà ñîñíàõ, 2 – íà áåð¸çàõ, 1 – íà îñèíå.Åù¸ 3 ãíåçäà íà ñîñíàõ è 1 íà áåð¸çå, ðà-íåå ïîñòðîåííûå ïîäîðëèêàìè, â ãîä îá-íàðóæåíèÿ çàíèìàëèñü êîðøóíàìè (Milvusmigrans). Òðè îñìîòðåííûå â 2003 ã. êëàä-êè ñîäåðæàëè 2 ÿéöà; â îäíîé èç íèõ âû-ëóïèëñÿ 1 ïòåíåö, äðóãàÿ ïîãèáëà, ñóäüáàòðåòüåé íå áûëà ïðîñëåæåíà. Ïîìèìî ýòî-ãî, áûëî íàéäåíî åù¸ 2 ãíåçäà ñ ïîãèáøè-ìè êëàäêàìè, ñîäåðæàâøèìè ïî 2 ÿéöà. Âèþëüñêèõ âûâîäêàõ ïîäîðëèêà 1–2 ïòåí-öà, â ñðåäíåì 1,6±0,52 (n=8). Óñïåõ ðàç-ìíîæåíèÿ îáúåêòèâíî íå áûë îöåíåí, ò.ê.â 2003 ã. íàáëþäàëàñü ëîêàëüíàÿ äåïðåñ-ñèÿ ÷èñëåííîñòè âîäÿíîé ïîëåâêè, à â 2004ã. ïðîâåðÿëèñü ëèøü 4 ãíåçäà (â äðóãèå ãîäûðàáîòà ïî ýòîìó âèäó íå âåëàñü). Îäíàêî,ìîæíî ñ óâåðåííîñòüþ ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ïðî-öåíò óñïåøíûõ ïàð ó áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêàâûøå, ÷åì ó ñòåïíîãî îðëà, è ñîñòàâëÿåòíå ìåíåå 70 %.

Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, ìîæíî îöåíèòü÷èñëåííîñòü áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà â Àëòàé-ñêîì êðàå â 245–259, â ñðåäíåì 252 óñ-ïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 5).

Ïèòàíèå ïîäîðëèêà â êðàå õàðàêòåð-íî äëÿ âèäà – ýòî âîäÿíàÿ ïîë¸âêà, ìåë-êèå ìûøåâèäíûå ãðûçóíû, îêîëîâîäíûåè âîäîïëàâàþùèå ïòèöû, õîòÿ, â îòëè÷èåîò áîëåå ñåâåðíûõ ðàéîíîâ (Íîâîñèáèð-ñêàÿ îáëàñòü), â ïèòàíèè îáû÷íû ñóñëèê

Ðèñ. 5. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà(Aquila clanga) â Àëòàéñ-êîì êðàå

Fig. 5. The distribution ofbreeding territories ofGreat Spotted Eagle (Aq-uila clanga) in the AltaiKray

Áîëüøîé ïîäîðëèê (Aq-uila clanga) (27.05.2003).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Great Spotted Eagle(Aquila clanga)(27/05/2003).Photo by I. Karyakin


è ïòèöû ñòåïíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé (ïåðå-ïåë, ñåðàÿ êóðîïàòêà).

Èíòåðåñíû âçàèìîîòíîøåíèÿ ïîäîðëè-êà ñ äðóãèìè êðóïíûìè ïåðíàòûìè õèù-íèêàìè â êðàå. Îáùåèçâåñòíû êîíôëèêò-íûå îòíîøåíèÿ ïîäîðëèêà è ôèëèíà (Bubo

bubo). Íàì íåîäíîêðàòíîïðèõîäèëîñü íàáëþäàòü àê-òèâíîå áåñïîêîéñòâî ïîäîð-ëèêîâ êàê íà åñòåñòâåííóþâîêàëèçàöèþ ôèëèíîâ, òàê èíà èìèòàöèþ èõ êðèêîâ. 13èþëÿ 2003 ã. îñòàíêè ñë¸òêàïîäîðëèêà ïðîøëîãî ãîäà îá-íàðóæåíû ïîä ïðèñàäîé ôè-ëèíà, à ãîëîâà, âèäèìî ýòîãîæå ñë¸òêà, â ãíåçäå â 300-õ ìîò ïðèñàäû. Ïî-âèäèìîìó,êîíôëèêòíûå îòíîøåíèÿ âîç-íèêàþò ìåæäó ïîäîðëèêîì èìîãèëüíèêîì (Aquila heliaca),è ìîãèëüíèê, êàê áîëåå ñèëü-íûé îð¸ë, âûòåñíÿåò ïîäîð-ëèêîâ ñî ñâîèõ ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêîâ. Âî âñÿêîì ñëó÷àå,òàì, ãäå ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèòñÿñ äîñòàòî÷íî âûñîêîé ïëîòíî-ñòüþ áîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðàâíî-ìåðíî, ïîäîðëèê îòñóòñòâóåòäàæå â ïîäõîäÿùèõ áèîòîïàõ.

Âîçìîæíî, èìåííî ïåðåêðûâàíèå ñ ìî-ãèëüíèêîì ïðèâîäèò ê îòñóòñòâèþ ïîäîð-ëèêà â ñòàðûõ áîðàõ ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð,îïóøêè êîòîðûõ íà ãðàíèöå ñî ñòåïüþïëîòíî íàñåëåíû ïåðâûì.

Ìîãèëüíèê (Aquila heliaca)Ìîãèëüíèê áûë è îñòàåòñÿ õàðàêòåðíûì,

øèðîêîðàñïðîñòðàíåííûì õèùíèêîì Àë-òàéñêîãî êðàÿ. À.Ï. è Ã.À. Âåëèæàíèíû(1929) ñ÷èòàëè åãî ðåäêèì ãíåçäÿùèìñÿâèäîì â Áàðíàóëüñêîì îêðóãå. Ïî äàííûìÈ.Ì. è Ï.Ì. Çàëåññêèõ (1931) ìîãèëüíèêãíåçäèëñÿ â Êóëóíäèíñêîì, Ïðèèðòûøñêîìè Âåðõíåîáñêîì ó÷àñòêàõ, â Ñåâåðî-Çàïàä-íîì è Çàïàäíîì Àëòàå. Ãíåçäîâàíèå ìî-ãèëüíèêà îòìå÷àëîñü ó ñ. Íîâåíüêîå (Àâå-ðèí, Ëàâðîâ, 1911) è íà Êîëûâàíñêîìõðåáòå (Ñåëåâèí, 1928). Ê.Ò. Þðëîâ (1974)óêàçûâàåò ìîãèëüíèêà êàê ðåäêèé ãíåçäÿ-ùèéñÿ âèä â Êóëóíäå. Â 80–90-õ ãã. âèäíàéäåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ó ñ. ÑåëèâåðñòîâîÂîë÷èõèíñêîãî ðàéîíà (Ïåòðîâ è äð.,1992), â Êóëóíäèíñêîì ëåíòî÷íîì áîðó(Ïåòðîâ, Èðèñîâ, 1995) è â Êàñìàëèíñêîéëåíòå (Ïåòðîâ, Ìåðêóøåâ, 1999). Âñòðå÷èïòèö â ëåòíèé ïåðèîä îòìå÷àëèñü ïðàêòè-÷åñêè ïî âñåé òåððèòîðèè Îáñêîãî ëåâî-áåðåæüÿ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998).

Çà 2001–2004 ãã. íàìè áûëî ëîêàëèçî-âàíî 107 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëüíèêà:28 – â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ è 79 – â ðàâíèí-íîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ.

Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèòñÿïî îïóøêàì ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ. Ïî ó÷¸òàì2003 ã. íà 1283 êì îïóøêè ïóò¸ì ñïëîø-íîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ íà àâòîìàðøðóòå îá-íàðóæåíî 69 ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà. 65 ãí¸çäðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà îïóøêå ñòàðûõ ñîñíîâûõó÷àñòêîâ âäîëü ñòåïè, îñòàëüíûå 4 ãíåçäàíà îïóøêàõ âäîëü îç¸ð, ñîëîí÷àêîâ è ðàñ-ïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ. Íà 1 ãíåçäÿùóþñÿ ïàðóïðèõîäèòñÿ 18,59 êì ëåñíîé îïóøêè, èëè7,39 êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàðøå 80

Ãíåçäî áîëüøîãî ïîäîð-ëèêà (27.05.2003). ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the GreatSpotted Eagle(27/05/2003). Photo by I.Karyakin

Êëàäêà áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (27.05.2003).Ïóõîâîé ïòåíåö áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà (27.05.2003).Îïåðÿþùèåñÿ ïòåíöû áîëüøîãî ïîäîðëèêà â ãíåçäåíà ñîñíå (14.07.2004). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The clutch of the Great Spotted Eagle (27/05/2003).The chick of the Great Spotted Eagle (27/05/2003).The chicks of the Great Spotted Eagle on the nest on apine tree (14/07/2004). Photos by I. Karyakin


ëåò, èëè 3,5 êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàð-øå 80 ëåò âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííîé ñòåïè.

Àíàëèç êîñìîñíèìêîâ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî îá-ùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõáîðîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 2417 êì, èç íèõ 939 êìïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà è437,5 êì íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà âäîëüíåðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïè.

Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïðî-òÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ âÎáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿäà¸ò îöåíêó â 130, 127 è 125 ïàð ñîîòâåò-ñòâåííî. Öèôðû ïîëó÷àþòñÿ î÷åíü áëèç-êèå, à ïîñëåäíèé ïîêàçàòåëü ìîæíî ñ÷è-òàòü ìàêñèìàëüíî áëèçêèì ê ðåàëüíîìó.

×àñòü ïîïóëÿöèè ìîãèëüíèêà â ðàâíèí-íîé ÷àñòè ëåâîáåðåæüÿ ãíåçäèòñÿ íà áåð¸-çàõ â îáëàñòè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ êîëî÷íûõìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ. Ýòà òåððèòîðèÿ âïðåäåëàõ êðàÿ íå îáñëåäîâàëàñü àâòîðàìè,îäíàêî ìû ðàñïîëàãàåì ó÷¸òíûìè äàííû-ìè ïî òàêîìó æå áèîòîïó íà ïîãðàíè÷íîéòåððèòîðèè Êàçàõñòàíà, ãäå ïëîòíîñòü ñî-ñòàâëÿåò 0,61 ïàð íà 100 êì2 îáùåé ïëî-ùàäè èëè 0,04 ïàð íà 100 êì2 ïëîùàäè êîë-êîâ. Èç ýòèõ äàííûõ ñëåäóåò, ÷òî íà 1 ïàðóïðèõîäèòñÿ 163,34 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè50,79 êì2 ïëîùàäè êîëêîâ. Ïëîùàäü òåððè-òîðèè, ïîêðûòîé ëèñòâåííûìè êîëêîâûìèëåñàìè â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå ñîñòàâëÿåò2539,45 êì2. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåòïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî âíå áîðîâ â ðàâíèííîé÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ ãíåçäèòñÿ åù¸50–60 ïàð ìîãèëüíèêîâ.

Â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ ìîãèëüíèê ðàñïðîñ-òðàí¸í âïëîòü äî ïîëîñû ñïëîøíûõ ëåñîâ,êóäà ïðîíèêàåò ïî ðå÷íûì äîëèíàì. Ýòîòîð¸ë ãíåçäèòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ÷èòåëü-íî â ïîéìåííûõ ëåñàõ è â ïîëîñå ïðåä-ãîðíîé ñòåïè. Îäíàêî íàèáîëåå îïòèìàëü-íûå óñëîâèÿ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ýòîãî âèäàíàõîäÿòñÿ â ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðíîé ëåñîñòå-ïè, ãäå ëåñîïîêðûòîñòü âàðüèðóåò îò 10 äî60 %. Çäåñü ìîãèëüíèê ãíåçäèòñÿ â êîëêî-

âûõ ëèñòâåííûõ, ñìåøàííûõ è ëèñòâåííè÷-íûõ ëåñàõ, ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ïî ñêëîíàìðå÷íûõ äîëèí. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü òåððèòî-ðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ, ñî-ñòàâëÿåò 16274,15 êì2.

Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ìàðøðóòàõ 2002–2003 ãã.îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 985,16 êì áûëîâûÿâëåíî 26 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ìîãèëü-íèêà. Øèðèíà ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû, ðàññ÷èòàí-íàÿ ïî ðåãèñòðàöèÿì ãí¸çä è âûâîäêîâîðëîâ, ñîñòàâèëà 1,5 êì. Ïëîòíîñòü – 2,64ïàðû íà 100 êì ìàðøðóòà èëè 1,76 ïàð íà100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïåðåñ÷¸ò íà âñþòåððèòîðèþ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà, ïîçâîëèë îïðå-äåëèòü åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü â 286 ïàð.

Ïîìèìî ó÷¸òíîãî ìàðøðóòà, 16–17 èþëÿ2002 ã. â äîëèíå ð. Àíóé è 17–18 èþëÿ2002 ã. â äîëèíå ð. ×àðûø ïðîâåäåíû ó÷¸-òû ìîãèëüíèêà íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ ïëî-ùàäüþ 350,2 è 390,5 êì2 ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.Âûáðàííûå ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäè ïî ñâîèìõàðàêòåðèñòèêàì (îáëåñ¸ííîñòü, ïåðåñå-÷¸ííîñòü, ïëîùàäü ïàñòáèù ñ óìåðåííîéíàãðóçêîé) ñîîòâåòñòâóþò óñðåäí¸ííîéìîäåëè ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíîé ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ìîãèëüíèêà òåððèòîðèè â ïðåäãîðü-

Ðèñ. 6. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquilaheliaca) â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå

Fig. 6. The distribution ofbreeding territories of Im-perial Eagle (Aquila heli-aca) in the Altai Kray

Ñàìêà îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) íàä ãíåçäîì(23.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The female of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) abovethe nest (23/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

ÿõ Àëòàÿ. Íà ýòèõ ïëîùàäêàõ ó÷òåíî 8 è 6ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà1,9 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè 6,3ïàð/100 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè.

Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ñ ïëîùà-äîê íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåí-öèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ìî-ãèëüíèêà, ïîçâîëèëà îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòüâ 308 ïàð, à íà ëåñîïîêðûòóþ òåððèòîðèþ(4682,28 êì2) – 295 ïàð.


Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ðàñ÷¸ò÷èñëåííîñòè ìîãèëüíèêà ñó÷¸òíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ è ïëîùà-äîê äëÿ òåððèòîðèè ïðåäãî-ðèé äà¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòü â 286–308 ïàð.

Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ìî-ãèëüíèêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè âÎáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå ìîæåòáûòü îöåíåíà â 461–498ïàð, èç êîòîðûõ 38 % ïàðãíåçäèòñÿ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñ-òè è 62 % – â ãîðíîé.

Â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüåìîãèëüíèê íà ãíåçäîâàíèè íåîáíàðóæåí, íåñìîòðÿ íà òî,÷òî â 2004 ã. áûëè îáñëåäî-âàíû âñå èçâåñòíûå ðàíååìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âèäà íàÁèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííî-ñòè è âäîëü Áèè. Ïîñëåäíÿÿèíôîðìàöèè î ãíåçäîâàíèèìîãèëüíèêà íà äàííîé òåððè-òîðèè ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà êîíåö60-õ ãã. (Êó÷èí, 1976).

Çà âåñü ïåðèîä èññëåäîâà-íèé îáíàðóæåíî 92 ãíåçäàìîãèëüíèêà (çà èñêëþ÷åíèåìïîñòðîåê, êîòîðûå áûëè çà-íÿòû áàëîáàíîì (Falcocherrug)), 63 èç êîòîðûõîêàçàëèñü æèëûìè è 29 ïóñ-òîâàëè: 2 ãíåçäà ñîäåðæàëèêëàäêè èç 2-õ ÿèö, â 22 ãí¸ç-äàõ íàõîäèëèñü ïòåíöû ðàç-íîãî âîçðàñòà è 39 ãí¸çäáûëè æèëûìè, íî èõ ñîäåð-

æèìîå íå áûëî ïðîâåðåíî ïî ðàçíûìïðè÷èíàì, â 4-õ ãí¸çäàõ îêàçàëèñü ïî-ãèáøèå êëàäêè èç 2-õ ÿèö è 25 ãí¸çä ïó-ñòîâàëî íà ìîìåíò îáíàðóæåíèÿ, â áîëü-øèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ ïî ïðè÷èíå íåóäà÷íîãîðàçìíîæåíèÿ. Â êëàäêå – 2 ÿéöà (n=6, ñó÷¸òîì ïîãèáøèõ). Â âûâîäêå – 1–2

(n=20), â ñðåäíåì 1,55±0,51 ïòåíöà. Âë¸òíîì âûâîäêå – 1–2 (n=8), â ñðåäíåì1,38±0,52 ñë¸òêà.

Â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ìîãèëüíèêè óñòðàèâà-þò ãí¸çäà èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íà äåðåâüÿõ.Îñíîâíàÿ ìàññà îáíàðóæåííûõ ãí¸çä ðàñ-ïîëîæåíà íà ñîñíàõ – 84, îñòàëüíûå íàáåð¸çàõ – 5, ëèñòâåííèöàõ – 2 è òîïîëå –1. Äîìèíèðîâàíèå ãí¸çä íà ñîñíàõ â ýòîéâûáîðêå ñâÿçàíî â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ñ òåì,÷òî â ïåðèîä ïðîâåäåíèÿ èññëåäîâàíèéîíè áûëè íàèáîëåå äîñòóïíû äëÿ ïîèñêà èíàèáîëåå çàìåòíû. Ñêîðåå âñåãî, áîëüøàÿ÷àñòü ìîãèëüíèêîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ â ðåãèî-íå, óñòðàèâàåò ãí¸çäà íà áåð¸çàõ. Áîëüøàÿ÷àñòü ãí¸çä ìîãèëüíèêà â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àë-òàÿ ïðèóðî÷åíà ê ëåòíèì ëàãåðÿì ñêîòà èôåðìàì. Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ òàêîåòÿãîòåíèå ìåíåå âûðàæåíî.

Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ äëÿ òåððèòîðèèêðàÿ íå áûë ïðîñëåæåí. Êîñâåííî î í¸ììîæíî ñóäèòü ïî êîëè÷åñòâó ïóñòóþùèõãí¸çä â êîíöå ñåçîíà ðàçìíîæåíèÿ, êîòî-ðûå ñîñòàâëÿþò 30,9 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷å-ñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòó öèôðó,ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîéãðóïïèðîâêè ìîãèëüíèêà â Îáñêîì ëåâî-áåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 319–344 óñ-ïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 6).

Îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìè ïèòàíèÿ ìîãèëü-íèêà â êðàå ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñóñëèêè (êðàñíîù¸-êèé è äëèííîõâîñòûé) è âðàíîâûå. Â ñâÿçèñî ñïåöèàëèçàöèåé íà äîáû÷å ñóñëèêîâ,ìîãèëüíèê, òàê æå êàê è ñòåïíîé îðåë, ìî-æåò ñòðàäàòü îò ïðåêðàùåíèÿ âûïàñà, îä-íàêî ñëó÷àåâ èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêîâ ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå íàì íå èçâåñòíî.

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos)Â íà÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà áåðêóò ñ÷èòàëñÿ ðåä-

êîé ãíåçäÿùåéñÿ ïòèöåé ëåñíûõ òåððèòî-ðèé êðàÿ, îòìå÷àëñÿ â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ,îäíàêî ðåæå, ÷åì â ãîðíûõ ðàéîíàõ (Ñå-ëåâèí, 1928; Þðëîâ, 1974; Êðàñíàÿ êíè-ãà…, 1998). Ïî íàøèì äàííûì, ñîâðåìåí-íàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ ñ ðàñïðåäåëåíèåì áåðêóòà âêðàå ìàëî ÷åì îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò òîé, ÷òî íà-áëþäàëàñü â íà÷àëå ÕÕ âåêà, è äàëåêà îòòîé, ÷òî îïèñàíà â Êðàñíîé êíèãå Àëòàéñ-êîãî êðàÿ (1998). Áåðêóò ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñàìûìðåäêèì îðëîì Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, îñîáåí-íî â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå, íåñìîòðÿ íàáîëåå øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå.

Òèïè÷íîå ãíåçäî îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà íà âåð-øèíå ñîñíû íà îïóøêå ëåíòî÷íîãî áîðà(22.05.2003).Êëàäêà îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (22.05.2003).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The typical nest of the Imperial Eagle onthe top of a pine tree on edge of a linepine forest (22/05/2003).

The clutch of the Imperial Eagle (22/05/2003). Photos by I. Karyakin

Îïåð¸ííûå ïòåíöû îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà â ãíåçäå íà áåð¸çå(17.07.2002). Ôîòî È. ÊàðÿêèíàThe juveniles of the Imperial Eagle on the nest on a birch tree(17/07/2002). Photo by I. Karyakin


Ïîëîñà ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, áåäíûõëåñîì, çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü 8138,28 êì2.Çäåñü â 2002 ã. áûë ïðîâåäåí ìàðøðóòíûéó÷¸ò ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 415,19 êì, íà êîòî-ðîì âûÿâëåíû 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà áåðêó-òîâ (ïðè øèðèíå ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû – 1,5 êì).Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,72 ïàðû/100 êììàðøðóòà èëè 0,48 ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåéïëîùàäè. Ýêñòðàïîëèðóÿ ýòè äàííûå, ìîæ-íî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà äëÿ ðàñ-ñìàòðèâàåìîé òåððèòîðèè â 39 ïàð.

Ó÷èòûâàÿ âñ¸ âûøåñêàçàííîå, ìîæíîïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêî-ãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ãíåçäèò-ñÿ 133–142 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ.

Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðå-æüÿ áåðêóò ãíåçäèòñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè èñêëþ-

Â õîäå èññëåäîâàíèé 2001–2005 ãã. áûëîëîêàëèçîâàíî 18 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåð-êóòà: 12 â ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ è 6 âëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ.

Òåððèòîðèÿ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿäëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà â ãîðíîé ÷àñòèÎáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ, çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü21437,26 êì2. Çäåñü áåðêóò ðàñïðîñòðàí¸íáîëåå èëè ìåíåå ðàâíîìåðíî, õîòÿ åãîðàñïðåäåëåíèå è èìååò íåêîòîðûå îñîáåí-íîñòè. Â ïîëîñå ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèé, ìàê-ñèìàëüíî ïëîòíî íàñåë¸ííûõ ñòåïíûì îð-ëîì, áåðêóò íå ãíåçäèòñÿ, ïîÿâëÿÿñü ëèøüâ ãîðíîé ñòåïè è îñîáåííî ëåñîñòåïè. Âëåñîñòåïè áåðêóò ãíåçäèòñÿ ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî íà äåðåâüÿõ, è åãî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñó-ùåñòâåííî íèæå, ÷åì ìîãèëüíèêà, êîòîðûéçäåñü áîëåå îáû÷åí. Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïëîò-íîñòü áåðêóòà íàáëþäàåòñÿ â ïîëîñå ñðåä-íåãîðèé è â èçîáèëóþùèõ ñêàëüíûìè îá-íàæåíèÿìè íèçêîãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõÊîëûâàíñêîãî è Áàùåëàêñêîãî õðåáòîâ.Çäåñü îðëû óñòðàèâàþò ãí¸çäà ïðåèìóùå-ñòâåííî íà ñêàëàõ. Ïî ìåðå ïðîäâèæåíèÿâãëóáü ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà ãíåçäîâàÿïëîòíîñòü áåðêóòà ñíîâà ïàäàåò, îäíàêîòàì îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ åäèíñòâåííûì èç ãíåçäÿ-ùèõñÿ îðëîâ. Çäåñü áåðêóòû ãíåçäÿòñÿ êàêíà ñêàëàõ, òàê è íà äåðåâüÿõ.

Äëÿ ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà â ïðåäåëàõêðàÿ èññëåäîâàíèÿ ïî áåðêóòó íå ïðîâî-äèëèñü, îäíàêî îæèäàåòñÿ, ÷òî åãî ðàñïðå-äåëåíèå çäåñü òàêîå æå, êàê â ïîãðàíè÷-íûõ ðàéîíàõ ðåñïóáëèêè Àëòàé. Ïîäàííûì ó÷¸òîâ â ðåñïóáëèêå Àëòàé, áåð-êóò ãíåçäèòñÿ ñ ïëîòíîñòüþ 0,42 ïàð/100êì2, äîñòàòî÷íî ðàâíîìåðíî çàñåëÿÿ ïî-ëóîòêðûòûå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ïî ñêëîíàìõðåáòîâ. Ïëîùàäü ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà âïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò7538,17 êì2. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàí-íûõ ïîçâîëÿåò ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â ãîð-íî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ìîæåòãíåçäèòüñÿ 32 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ.

Ïîëîñà áåçëåñíûõ è ìàëîëåñíûõ ñðåä-íåãîðèé è íèçêîãîðèé, âûäåëåííàÿ ïî äàí-íûì êîñìîñíèìêîâ, èìååò ïëîùàäü5760,81 êì2. Íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè áûëàçàëîæåíà ìîäåëüíàÿ ïëîùàäêà â Çìåèíî-ãîðñêîì ðàéîíå, ãäå â 2003 ã. áûëî ëîêà-ëèçîâàíî 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà. Ðàññòîÿíèåìåæäó æèëûìè ãí¸çäàìè áåðêóòîâ ñîñòà-âèëî 9,0–11,8 êì (n=3), â ñðåäíåì 10,85êì, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò 92,41 êì2 îáùåé ïëî-ùàäè, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà 1 òåððèòîðèàëü-íóþ ïàðó ïòèö (1,08 ïàð/100 êì2). Ýêñò-ðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ïîçâîëÿåòïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â ïîëîñå ñðåäíåãîðèéè íèçêîãîðèé ãíåçäèòñÿ 62 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ.

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) íà áåð¸çå.Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The nest of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysae-tos) on a birch tree. Photo by I. Smelansky

Åñëè æå ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî áîëüøàÿ÷àñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè áåðêóòîâ âäàííîì ïðèðîäíîì ðàéîíå ãíåçäèòñÿ íàóìåðåííî îáëåñ¸ííûõ ñêàëàõ ñðåäè ïîëó-îòêðûòûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèé, ïëîùàäü êîòî-ðûõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 1044,17 êì2, òîãäà ïî äàí-íûì ñ òîé æå ó÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäè íà 1 ïàðóïðèõîäèòñÿ 14,71 êì2 òàêèõ ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ áèîòîïîâ. Â ýòîì ñëó÷àå ýêñòðàïîëÿ-öèÿ äà¸ò îöåíêó â 71 ïàðó.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, äëÿ ðàññìàòðèâàåìîéòåððèòîðèè îöåíêà, íàèáîëåå áëèçêàÿ êðåàëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè, ñêîðåå âñåãî, ëå-æèò â ïðåäåëàõ 62–71 ïàðû.


÷èòåëüíî â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ, òÿãîòåÿ ê âíóò-ðåííèì ó÷àñòêàì áîðîâ, áîãàòûõ îç¸ðàìèè áîëîòàìè. Â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ, â îò-ëè÷èå îò ìîãèëüíèêà, áåðêóò èçáåãàåò îïó-øåê ëåñà, êàê, ñîáñòâåííî, è ïîáåðåæèéâîäîåìîâ, â îòëè÷èå îò îðëàíà è ïîäîðëè-êà. Íàèáîëåå áëàãîïðèÿòíûìè ó÷àñòêàìèäëÿ åãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãðèâû ñî ñòà-ðûìè ñîñíàìè ñðåäè ñóõîäîëîâ èëè ñðåäèóìåðåííî çàáîëî÷åííûõ îòêðûòûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ, ëèø¸ííûõ îòêðûòîé âîäû. Ñóììàðíî íà3 èçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà áåðêóòà â

Êàñìàëèíñêîé ëåíòå ïðèõîäèò-ñÿ 57,3 êì òàêèõ ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ áèîòîïîâ èëè 378,6 êì2

ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè. Â ñðåäíåì íàïàðó áåðêóòîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ19,1 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ëåñà èëè 126,2 êì2 ëåñíîéïëîùàäè. Ïî äàííûì êîñìîñ-íèìêîâ, îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ áåðêóòàáèîòîïîâ â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõñîñòàâèëà 987,34 êì ïðè èõîáùåé ïëîùàäè 7651,55 êì2.Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåò îöå-íèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà âëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ â 52 è 61ïàðó ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ñïîðàäè÷-íîå ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòîâ è â êðóïíûõêîëêîâûõ ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñàõ â ðàâíèííîé÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ, îäíàêî ýòîíå ìîæåò ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâëèÿòü íà îöåí-êè ÷èñëåííîñòè ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêèáåðêóòà íà ðàâíèíå.

Èñõîäÿ èç âñåãî ñêàçàííîãî, ìîæíî îöå-íèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ âÎáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, â185–203 ïàð.

Â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè áåðêóò ãíåçäèòñÿâ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, îäíàêîâ ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ýòà òåððèòî-ðèÿ îñòà¸òñÿ ïðàêòè÷åñêè íåîáñëåäîâàí-íîé. Â ñîñåäíåé Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòèãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòà áûëî óñòàíîâëåíî íàð. Áåðäü è å¸ âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ(ñì. ñòàòüþ íà ñòð. 54), â ÷àñòíîñòè íà ð.Á. Åëáàø, è ïî ñêëîíàì ãîð Ñàëàèðñêîãîêðÿæà âíå ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, â ÷àñòíîñòè, óñ. Ñòàðîãóòîâî â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè,è íà òåððèòîðèè Êåìåðîâñêîé îáëàñòè.Ïîýòîìó ìû ñ÷èòàåì âîçìîæíûì ýêñòðà-ïîëèðîâàòü ýòè ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå íà âñþ òåð-ðèòîðèþ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, èìåþùóþÿðêî âûðàæåííûé ïåðåñå÷¸ííûé ðåëüåô,ñ íåêîòîðûìè ïîïðàâêàìè. ÒåððèòîðèÿÑàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, îòâå÷àþùàÿ òðåáîâà-íèÿì äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà è èìåþùàÿ

àíàëîãè÷íûå ó÷¸òíîé ïðîöåíòíûå õàðàê-òåðèñòèêè ïî ëåñîïîêðûòîñòè, îñâîåííî-ñòè è ðåëüåôó, çàíèìàåò â Àëòàéñêîì êðàåïëîùàäü 3221,26 êì2. Âîçìîæíàÿ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè áåðêóòà íàòåððèòîðèè Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà â ïðåäå-ëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ ïî íàøèì ðàñ÷¸òàìñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 64 ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ ïàðû(52 – 76 ïàð).

Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòàâ Ïðèîáñêèõ áîðàõ ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè,îäíàêî çäåñü íå ïðîâîäèëîñü ïîëíîöåííûõó÷¸òîâ. Èñõîäÿ èç ïëîùàäè áîëîò, ìîæíîïðåäïîëàãàòü, ÷òî çäåñü ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ìå-íåå 5 ïàð.

Ñë¸òêè áåðêóòà â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The juveniles of the Golden Eagle on the nest.Photo by I. Smelansky

Ïòåíåö áåðêóòà â ãíåçäå(06.07.2002). Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

The chick of the GoldenEagle on a nest(06/07/2002). Photo by I.Karyakin

Ðèñ. 7. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåð-êóòà (Aquila chrysaetos) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå

Fig. 7. The distribution of breeding territories of GoldenEagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in the Altai Kray


Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü áåð-êóòà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàåìîæíî îöåíèòü â 247–289 ïàð (ðèñ. 7).

Çà ïåðèîä ðàáîòû îáíàðóæåíî 13 ãí¸çäáåðêóòà (10 ãí¸çä â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ è 3– â ðàâíèííîé). Èç 10 ãí¸çä, îáíàðóæåí-íûõ â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ, 9 ðàñïîëàãàëèñüíà ñêàëàõ è 1 íà áåð¸çå, â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñ-òè êðàÿ âñå 3 ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñî-ñíàõ. Â 10 èçâåñòíûõ íàì âûâîäêàõ áûëî1–3, â ñðåäíåì 1,4±0,7 ïòåíöà íà óñïåø-íîå ãíåçäî.

Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íàìè íå áûë ïðî-ñëåæåí, îäíàêî, ñóäÿ ïî çàíÿòîñòè ãí¸çä(87,5 %), ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî áåð-êóò – íàèáîëåå óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæàþùèéñÿîð¸ë Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäüýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ ìàêñèìàëüíîé ñêðûòíîñòüþáåðêóòà è ìèíèìàëüíîé äîñòóïíîñòüþ åãîãí¸çä, à òàêæå ñ ÿâíûì òÿãîòåíèåì óñòðîé-ñòâà ãí¸çä â íàèìåíåå ïîñåùàåìûõ ÷åëî-âåêîì ó÷àñòêàõ, ÷òî îòëè÷àåò åãî îò äðó-ãèõ îðëîâ. Ó÷èòûâàÿ âûøåïðèâåä¸ííûåïîêàçàòåëè çàíÿòîñòè ãí¸çä, ìîæíî ïðåä-ïîëîæèòü, ÷òî â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àë-òàéñêîãî êðàÿ åæåãîäíî óñïåøíî âûâîäèòïîòîìñòâî 162–178 ïàð áåðêóòîâ, à â êðàåâ öåëîì 216–253 ïàðû.

Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ áåðêóòû ïèòà-þòñÿ â îñíîâíîì çàéöàìè, öîêîðàìè è óò-êàìè, â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè – çàéöàìè, êóðèíû-ìè ïòèöàìè è ñóðêàìè.

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla)Â êîíöå XIX – íà÷àëå XX âåêà îðëàí-áå-

ëîõâîñò ãíåçäèëñÿ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå â ïîé-ìå Îáè è â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ (Êàùåíêî,1900; Þðëîâ, 1974). Ñîâðåìåííûå ñâåäå-íèÿ î ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñ-òà ñâÿçàíû òàê æå, êàê è ðàíåå, ñ Îáñêîéïîéìîé è ëåíòî÷íûìè áîðàìè. Ãíåçäîâà-íèå åãî èçâåñòíî ó ñ. Êëåïèêîâî, íà îç¸-ðàõ Á. Êàìûøíîå, Ëèñòâÿæíîå è Øèáàåâî;âîçìîæíî òàêæå ãíåçäîâàíèå â òîì æå ðàé-îíå ó óñòüÿ Óòêóëÿ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ñ. Ñàâè-íîâî è ó îç. Ñóõàíîâî; ãí¸çäà áåëîõâîñòàíàõîäèëè â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ Áàðíàóëà, ó ñ.Áîáðîâêà, ó ä. Äóõîâàÿ Êàìåíñêîãî ðàéî-íà è ó ñ. Êèïðèíî Øåëàáîëèõèíñêîãî ðàé-îíà (Íèêèòèí, 1990; Êó÷èí, 1991; Ïëîòíè-êîâ, Òðóíîâ, 1995; Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998).

Íàìè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå áûëî ëîêàëèçî-âàíî 20 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ îðëàíà-áåëî-õâîñòà: 2 èç íèõ â 1999 ã. è 2 â 2004 ã. – âïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè, 13 â 2003 ã., 2 â 2004ã. è 1 â 2005 ã. – â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ.

Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè îðëàíà â ëåíòî÷-íûõ áîðàõ ïðèóðî÷åíû ê ó÷àñòêàì ñòàðî-ãî ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ïî áåðåãàì êðóïíûõ

îç¸ð, îêðóæ¸ííîãî çàáîëî÷åííûìè ìåë-êîëåñüÿìè. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü òàêèõ ó÷àñòêîâñîñòàâëÿåò 357 êì, à îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòü îáëåñ¸ííîé áåðåãîâîé ïîëîñûâîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ – 1023 êì.Íàèáîëåå ïîëíî ó÷¸ò îðëàíîâ áûë ïðî-âåä¸í â Ìàìîíòîâñêîì ðàéîíå íà ó÷àñò-êå Êàñìàëèíñêîé ëåíòû ìåæäó îç. Ãîðü-êîå è îç. Áîë. Îñòðîâíîå (ìåæäó ñ¸ëàìèÃóñåëåòîâî, Ìàìîíòîâî, Ñóñëîâî, ×åð-íàÿ Êóðüÿ). Çäåñü áûëî âûÿâëåíî 5 ïàðíà ðàññòîÿíèè îò 5,2 äî 15,8 êì äðóã îòäðóãà, â ñðåäíåì â 9,44 êì (n=4). Íà ýòîéìîäåëüíîé òåððèòîðèè 1 ïàðà îðëàíîâçàíèìàåò â ñðåäíåì 5,1 êì ãí¸çäîïðèãîä-íûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ëåñà, è 17,05 êì îáëåñ¸í-íîé áåðåãîâîé ïîëîñû. Ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæ-íûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü äàííûå ñ ýòîéòåððèòîðèè íà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ ëåíòî÷íûõáîðîâ â êðàå, òàê êàê îíà áîëåå èëè ìå-íåå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò áîëüøèíñòâó âîäíî-áî-ëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ áîðîâ. Â ðåçóëüòàòåîáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îðëàíîâ â ëåíòî÷íûõáîðàõ îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 60–70 ïàð.

Ïîéìà ð. Îáü â êðàå íå áûëà îáñëåäî-âàíà, îäíàêî èìåþòñÿ ìàòåðèàëû ïî å¸ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîìó áåðåãó â ïðåäåëàõÍîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. 20 àâãóñòà 1999ã. áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî íà òîïîëå áëèçñ. Âåðõ. Ñóçóí (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000), òîã-äà æå íàáëþäàëèñü åù¸ 2 âçðîñëûå ïòèöûíà ãðàíèöå ñ Àëòàéñêèì êðàåì. Íà 45-òèêì ó÷àñòêå Îáè áûëè âñòðå÷åíû 2 òåððè-òîðèàëüíûõ ïàðû, ïðè øèðèíå ó÷¸òíîéïîëîñû 2 êì. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 1,98ïàð/100 êì ïîáåðåæüÿ èëè 0,99 ïàð/100êì2 ïëîùàäè ïîéìû. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíîãî äëÿ îðëàíà ó÷àñòêà Îáè íàòåððèòîðèè êðàÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò 431 êì, à ïëî-ùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïîéìû – 2155 êì2.Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà áåðå-

Ðèñ. 8. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ îð-ëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà (Haliaeetus albicilla) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå

Fig. 8. The distribution of breeding territories of White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in the Altai Kray


ãîâóþ ïîëîñó è íà ïëîùàäüïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåí-íîñòü îðëàíà â ïîéìå â 18 è21 ïàðó ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Âåðîÿòíî, êàêàÿ-òî ÷àñòüîðëàíîâ íàñåëÿåò êîëêîâûåëåñà Êóëóíäû. Îñíîâûâàÿñüíà äàííûõ, ïîëó÷åííûõ â2003 ã. â Îìñêîé è Íîâîñè-áèðñêîé îáëàñòÿõ, çäåñü ìîæ-íî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâà-íèå 10 ïàð.

Èñõîäÿ èç âûøå ïðèâåäåí-íûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, ìîæíî îöå-íèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü îðëàíà âÎáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàé-ñêîãî êðàÿ â 88–101 ãíåçäÿ-ùèõñÿ ïàð.

Â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè íàòåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿîðëàí ãíåçäèòñÿ òîëüêî âÏðèîáñêèõ áîðàõ. Çäåñü èç-âåñòíû 4 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàîðëàíîâ-áåëîõâîñòîâ íà 2-õ,óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãà íà 48êì, ïëîùàäêàõ (ïðè ýòîìáîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü áîðîâ íå áûëàîáñëåäîâàíà). Ðàññòîÿíèåìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè îðëàíîâ íàýòèõ ó÷àñòêàõ ñîñòàâèëî 12,1è 7,7 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âñðåäíåì íà ïàðó îðëàíîâ âïðèîáñêèõ áîðàõ ïðèõîäèò-ñÿ 75,1 êì2 ëåñíîé ïëîùàäè,âêëþ÷àþùåé îòêðûòûå ó÷àñ-òêè áîëîò è îç¸ð. Ïëîùàäüïðèãîäíûõ ìåñòîîáèòàíèéñîñòàâëÿåò 2703 êì2 è ïîçâî-ëÿåò âìåñòèòü ó÷àñòêè 36 ïàðîðëàíîâ.

Îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàåìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 124 –137 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð (ðèñ. 8).

Èçâåñòíûå íàì 4 æèëûõãíåçäà â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñîñíàõ. Ââûâîäêå, åù¸ íå âñòàâøåì íàêðûëî, íàáëþäàëîñü 2 ïîë-íîñòüþ îïåð¸ííûõ ïòåíöà, â4-õ ë¸òíûõ âûâîäêàõ – ïî 1ñë¸òêó.

Ïèòàíèå îðëàíîâ áåãëî èçó-÷åíî ïîä ïðèñàäàìè è ãíåç-äîì íà îäíîì ó÷àñòêå áëèç ñ.

Âîñòðîâî – â í¸ì äîìèíèðîâàëè óòêè, ÷àé-êè, âðàíîâûå è ðûáà. Â íåáîëüøîì êîëè-÷åñòâå âñòðå÷àëèñü îñòàòêè ïàñòóøêîâûõ èãðûçóíîâ (â îñíîâíîì, âîäÿíîé ïîë¸âêè).

Ãðèô (Aegypius monachus)Ãðèô – ðåäêèé çàë¸òíûé âèä Àëòàéñêîãî

êðàÿ (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà.., 1998). 14–16 èþëÿ2002 ã. 6 îñîáåé íàáëþäàëèñü íàìè â 3-õòî÷êàõ â Áûñòðîèñòîêñêîì, Ñìîëåíñêîì èÑîëîíåøåíñêîì ðàéîíàõ. Â äðóãèå ãîäû íàòåððèòîðèè êðàÿ íàìè íå âñòðå÷åí.

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug)Áàëîáàí áûë è îñòà¸òñÿ ðåäêèì ãíåçäÿ-

ùèìñÿ õèùíèêîì, íàñåëÿþùèì ñòåïíûå èëåñîñòåïíûå ðàéîíû, êàê â ðàâíèííîé, òàêè â ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (Êðàñ-íàÿ êíèãà…, 1998). Áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü âñòðå÷áàëîáàíà â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â ïîñëåäíèåäåñÿòèëåòèÿ ïðèóðî÷åíà ê êîëêîâûì ëåñàìè ëåíòî÷íûì áîðàì Êóëóíäû è Ïðèîáñêî-ãî ïëàòî (Ïåòðîâ è äð., 1992; Ïëîòíèêîâ,1992; Êó÷èí, Êó÷èíà, 1995; Ïåòðîâ, 1995;Ïåòðîâ, Èðèñîâ, 1995), õîòÿ èçâåñòíûâñòðå÷è è â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ (Êðàñíàÿêíèãà…, 1998).

Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèí ñ ñîàâòîðàìè (1991) îöå-íèëè ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà íà Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíå ïî ñîñòîÿíèþ íà êî-íåö 1980-õ ãã. â 1000 îñîáåé. Ïî ìíåíèþÂ.Í. Ïëîòíèêîâà (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998)â 1990-õ ãã. îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíàâ Àëòàéñêîì êðàå ñîñòàâëÿëà 300 îñîáåé,à ãíåçäèëîñü åæåãîäíî îêîëî 70 ïàð.

Â õîäå íàøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé 2002 ã. ïðèîáñëåäîâàíèè ñòåïíûõ è ëåñîñòåïíûõïðåäãîðèé Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â ìåæäóðå÷üå×àðûøà è Àíóÿ áàëîáàí íå áûë âñòðå÷åí,íå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû è ñëåäû åãî ïðåæíå-ãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ çäåñü. Äàííàÿ òåððèòîðèÿïîäõîäèò äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà ïî ñâî-èì ëàíäøàôòíûì õàðàêòåðèñòèêàì, îäíà-êî âûñîêèé òðàâîñòîé, õàðàêòåðíûé äëÿ ëó-ãîâûõ ñòåïåé ñåâåðíîãî áîðòà Àëòàéñêèõïðåäãîðèé, íå äà¸ò áàëîáàíó âîçìîæíîñ-òè óñïåøíî îõîòèòüñÿ, ÷òî è ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñ-íîâíîé ïðè÷èíîé åãî îòñóòñòâèÿ. Íåñìîò-ðÿ íà ýòî, çäåñü âîçìîæíî ñïîðàäè÷íîåãíåçäîâàíèå îòäåëüíûõ ïàð áàëîáàíà â ïî-ëîñå ñðåäíåãîðèé.

Â 2003 ã. íà ïðåäìåò âûÿâëåíèÿ áàëîáà-íà íàìè áûëè äîñòàòî÷íî õîðîøî îáñëå-äîâàíû íåêîòîðûå ó÷àñòêè ãîðíîé ëåñî-ñòåïè â Çìåèíîãîðñêîì ðàéîíå èëåíòî÷íûå áîðû. Â õîäå ðàáîòû áûëî âû-ÿâëåíî 38 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, 37 áûëè çà-íÿòû ñîêîëàìè, íà 29 ó÷àñòêàõ îáíàðóæå-íû ãí¸çäà, 22 èç êîòîðûõ (75,9 %, ïðèn=29) îêàçàëèñü æèëûìè íà ìîìåíò ïîñå-ùåíèÿ (Êàðÿêèí, 2003). Â ãîðíîì ðàéîíå4 ãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñêàëàõ â ïîñò-ðîéêàõ âîðîíà (Corvus corax). Â ðàâíèí-íîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ 25 ãí¸çä ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà

Ãíåçäî îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà (Haliaeetusalbicilla) (17.06.2004).Îïåðåííûé ïòåíåö îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà âãíåçäå (17.06.2004).Îïåðåííûå ïòåíöû îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà âãíåçäå (17.06.2004).Ôîòî Ñ. Áàêêà

The nest of the White-Tailed Eagle(Haliaeetus albicilla) (17/06/2004).The chick of the White-Tailed Eagle on thenest (17/06/2004).The chicks of the White-Tailed Eagle onthe nest (17/06/2004).Photo by S. Bakka


ñîñíàõ, èç íèõ 20 – â ïîñòðîé-êàõ ìîãèëüíèêà, 2 – â ïîñò-ðîéêàõ êîðøóíà, ïî 1 – â ïî-ñòðîéêàõ áåðêóòà, âîðîíà èðàñòîïòàííîé ïîñòðîéêå ñî-ðîêè (Pica pica).

Â 2004 ã. â ëåíòî÷íûõ áî-ðàõ áûëè îáíàðóæåíû äâàðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäîâûõó÷àñòêà áàëîáàíà (ãí¸çäà ðàñ-ïîëàãàëèñü íà ñîñíàõ â ïîñò-ðîéêàõ ìîãèëüíèêà). Â òî æåâðåìÿ ïðîâåðêà 21 ãíåçäîâî-ãî ó÷àñòêà, íàéäåííîãî íàìèâ 2003 ã., ïîêàçàëî, ÷òî âñåãî15 èç íèõ áûëè çàíÿòû è ëèøüíà 4-õ çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî óñ-

ëàíäøàôò îïòèìàëåí äëÿ îáèòàíèÿ ñîêî-ëîâ. Ïëîùàäü òåððèòîðèè, ïîòåíöèàëüíîïðèãîäíîé äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ñîñòàâëÿåò1449,15 êì2. Íà íåé áûëà âûäåëåíà ó÷¸ò-íàÿ ïëîùàäêà â 165,2 êì2, íà êîòîðîé 29–30 èþëÿ 2003 ã. ëîêàëèçîâàíî 5 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíà, 4 èç êîòîðûõîêàçàëèñü çàíÿòûìè ñîêîëàìè. Ïëîùàäüãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ (ñêàëüíûå îñ-òàíöû, ÷àñòè÷íî ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì), ïðè-õîäÿùèõñÿ íà 1 ïàðó, ñîñòàâèëà 2,08 êì2.Ïåðåñ÷¸ò íà îáùóþ ïëîùàäü, ïîòåíöè-àëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áàëî-áàíà, è íà ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ, âèäèìûõ íà êîñìîñíèìêàõ(68,64 êì2), äà¸ò îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè äëÿâûäåëåííîé òåððèòîðèè â 44 è 33 ïàðûñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Âèäèìî, îöåíêà ÷èñëåí-íîñòè, áëèçêàÿ ê ðåàëüíîé, ëåæèò ãäå-òîìåæäó ýòèìè öèôðàìè.

Â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ â 2003 ã. áûëîëîêàëèçîâàíî 32 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà áà-ëîáàíà. Ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷à-ñòêè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê îïóøêàì ëåíòî÷íûõáîðîâ. Ïóò¸ì ñïëîøíîãî îáñëåäîâàíèÿ1283 êì îïóøêè íà àâòîìàðøðóòå áûëîáíàðóæåí 31 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê. Íà 1ãíåçäÿùóþñÿ ïàðó â ñðåäíåì ïðèõîäèò-ñÿ 41,39 êì ëåñíîé îïóøêè, èëè 11,04êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàðøå 80 ëåò,èëè 5,23 êì îïóøêè ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà ñòàð-øå 80 ëåò âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííîé ñòåïè.Îòìå÷åíî ÿâíîå òÿãîòåíèå áàëîáàíà êãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì ìîãèëüíèêîâ (84,38%), â ñòàðûõ ïîñòðîéêàõ êîòîðîãî ïðåä-ïî÷èòàþò ãíåçäèòüñÿ ñîêîëû.

Àíàëèç êîñìîñíèìêîâ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî îá-ùàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü îïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõáîðîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 2417 êì, èç íèõ 939 êìïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà è437,5 êì íà ñòàðûå ñîñíîâûå ëåñà âäîëüíåðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ñòåïè. Ýêñòðàïî-ëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüîïóøêè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ â Îáñêîì ëåâî-áåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ äà¸ò îöåíêó â58, 85 è 84 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïîñëå-äíèå öèôðû ÿâëÿþòñÿ, âèäèìî, áîëååáëèçêèìè ê ðåàëüíûì.

Ïîìèìî ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíîâ,ïðèóðî÷åííûõ ê îïóøêå, áûë ëîêàëèçîâàíåù¸ îäèí, óäàë¸ííûé âãëóáü ëåñà, êîòîðûéñîñòàâëÿåò 1 % îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà âû-ÿâëåííûõ, ÷òî äà¸ò ïðè ðàñ÷¸òå 1 ãíåçäÿ-ùóþñÿ ïàðó. Ïîíÿòíî, ÷òî âíå îïóøêèãíåçäèòñÿ áîëüøå áàëîáàíîâ, îäíàêî îï-ðåäåëèòü èõ ðåàëüíóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü íåïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì. Òàê èëè èíà-÷å, îíà âðÿä ëè ñóùåñòâåííî ïîâëèÿåò íàîáùóþ îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà â êðàå.

Êëàäêà áàëîáàíà (Falco cherrug) â ïîñò-ðîéêå áåðêóòà íà ñîñíå (23.05.2003).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The clutch of the Saker Falcon (Falco cher-rug) in the old nest of the Golden Eagleon a pine tree. (23/05/2003). Photo by I.Karyakin

ïåøíîå ðàçìíîæåíèå (îäíîãíåçäî ñ ïòåíöàìè áûëî ñðóá-ëåíî, ñàìêó íà îäíîì ãíåçäåñúåë ôèëèí, à ïòåíöû ïîãèá-ëè, ïðè÷èíà ãèáåëè ïîòîìñòâàíà äðóãèõ ãíåçäàõ íåèçâåñòíà,íî, ñêîðåå âñåãî, îíà ñâÿçà-íà ñ êðàéíå íèçêîé ÷èñëåííî-ñòüþ êðàñíîù¸êèõ ñóñëèêîâ,íàáëþäàâøåéñÿ â ýòîì ãîäó).

Çà ãîäû èññëåäîâàíèé â ãîð-íîé ÷àñòè êðàÿ âûÿâëåíî 6ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áàëîáàíàâ ïîëîñå ïðåäãîðèé Êîëûâàí-ñêîãî õðåáòà. Çäåñü øèðîêîðàçâèòû ïåòðîôèòíûå ñòåïè ñðàçðåæåííûì íèçêèì òðàâî-ñòîåì, ìíîãî÷èñëåííû îñòàí-öîâûå ñêàëüíûå ìàññèâû, ÷à-ñòè÷íî ïîêðûòûå ëåñîì. Ýòîò

Ïóõîâûå ïòåíöû áàëîáàíà â ïîñòðîéêå ìîãèëüíèêà íà ñîñíå(24.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The chicks of the Saker Falcon in the old nest of the Imperial Eagle on apine tree. (24/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Ñë¸òîê áàëîáàíà (24.07.2004).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The juvenile of the Saker Falcon(24/07/2004). Photo by I. Karyakin


Âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå áàëîáàíàâ îáëàñòè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ìåëêîëèñòâåí-íûõ êîëî÷íûõ ëåñîâ â Êóëóíäå, îäíàêîïîêà òàêèõ ñëó÷àåâ íåèçâåñòíî.

Èñõîäÿ èç âûøåïðèâåä¸ííûõ ðàñ÷¸òîâ,ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà âÎáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â92–130 ïàð, èç êîòîðûõ 65,3 % ãíåçäèòñÿâ ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè.

Îáñëåäîâàíèå Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿíà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áàëîáàíà íå äàëîïîëîæèòåëüíûõ ðåçóëüòàòîâ. 7–8 èþëÿ2004 ã. áûëî îáñëåäîâàíî 2 ó÷àñòêà íàÁèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè â äîëèíåð. ×óìûø è â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Øóáåíêè(ïîñëåäíèé ó÷àñòîê âõîäèë â ïðåäåëû îð-íèòîëîãè÷åñêîãî ñòàöèîíàðà, íà êîòîðîìâ¸ë ñâîè èññëåäîâàíèÿ À.Ï. Êó÷èí â 1963–68 ãã). À.Ï. Êó÷èí â êíèãå «Ïòèöû Àëòàÿ»(1976) îïèñûâàåò ãí¸çäà áàëîáàíà, ðàñ-ïîëàãàâøèåñÿ â âåðõîâüÿõ ð. Øóáåíêè íàñîñíàõ. Â ïèòàíèè ïòèö äîìèíèðîâàëè ñóñ-ëèêè. Â 2004 ã. ñóñëèêè íå áûëè âñòðå÷åíûíà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè, íå çíà-þò èõ è ïàñòóõè, õîòÿ â 60-õ ãã. â äàííîéìåñòíîñòè ýòîò çâåð¸ê áûë ïðîìûñëîâûé.Ïî äàííûì ëåñîóñòðîéñòâà 1991 ã. ñòàðûåñîñíû áûëè ïîëíîñòüþ âûáðàíû â âåðõî-âüÿõ ð. Øóáåíêè â õîäå ñàíèòàðíûõ ðóáîêóæå â êîíöå 80-õ ãã., è íàøà ýêñïåäèöèîí-íàÿ ãðóïïà, åñòåñòâåííî, íå îáíàðóæèëàçäåñü íè îäíîãî äåðåâà ñòàðøå 40 ëåò. Êàêñëåäñòâèå, áàëîáàí íå îáíàðóæåí íàìè íèâ âåðõîâüÿõ Øóáåíêè, íè â äîëèíå ð. ×ó-ìûø, êàê è íà âñ¸ì òðàíçèòíîì ìàðøðóòå÷åðåç Áèå-×óìûøñêóþ âîçâûøåííîñòü. 9–10 èþëÿ 2004 ã. îáñëåäîâàëèñü Áèéñêèåáîðû âäîëü ð. Áèÿ îò ã. Áèéñêà äî ñ. Óñÿòñ-êîå, íî áàëîáàí íå áûë âñòðå÷åí. Çäåñü,òàê æå êàê è íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåí-íîñòè, â 60-õ ãã. ïî äàííûì À.Ï. Êó÷èíàáàëîáàíû ãíåçäèëèñü è âûêàðìëèâàëè ïòåí-öîâ ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî êðàñíîù¸êèìè ñóñ-ëèêàìè, òàñêàÿ èõ ñ ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Áèè, ò.ê.

â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè èõ íå áûëî.Ñåé÷àñ ñóñëèê ñîõðàíèëñÿ òîëüêî â Îáñêîìëåâîáåðåæüå è, êàê ñëåäñòâèå, áàëîáàíïåðåñòàë ãíåçäèòüñÿ â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè èÊàòóíè, íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñ-òè è â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ñàëàèðà. Òàêèì îáðàçîì,íàøà ïðåæíÿÿ îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëî-áàíà íà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè â7–10 ïàð (Karyakin et all., 2004) ÿâëÿåòñÿáîëåå ÷åì îïòèìèñòè÷åñêîé. Â ñâåòå íî-âûõ äàííûõ ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäî-âàíèå íå áîëåå 2–3-õ ïàð â áîðàõ òåððà-ñû Îáè.

Êîëè÷åñòâî æèëûõ ãí¸çä áàëîáàíà â2003 ã. ñîñòàâèëî 75,9 % îò îáùåãî êîëè-÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ. Èñõîäÿ èç âûøå-ïðèâåä¸ííûõ ðàñ÷¸òîâ, ìîæíî îöåíèòü÷èñëåííîñòü áàëîáàíà â 2003 ã. â 70–99óñïåøíûõ ïàð. Îäíàêî, 2003 ãîä áûë ïðî-äóêòèâíûì â ïëàíå êîðìîâ. ×èñëåííîñòüêðàñíîù¸êîãî ñóñëèêà äåðæàëàñü íà ïðè-åìëåìîì óðîâíå, à ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîéïèùóõè ðåçêî âîçðîñëà ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñäâóìÿ ïðåäûäóùèìè ãîäàìè. Ïîýòîìó óñ-ïåøíîñòü ðàçìíîæåíèÿ áàëîáàíà â äàííûéñåçîí ìîæíî ñ÷èòàòü âûñîêîé. Â 2004 ã.êîëè÷åñòâî óñïåøíûõ ãí¸çä îò îáùåãî êî-ëè÷åñòâà ïðîâåðåííûõ â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõñîñòàâèëî 22,7 %, à â ïðåäãîðüÿõ – 75,0%. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, êîëè÷åñòâî æèëûõ ãí¸çäáàëîáàíà â 2004 ã. ñîñòàâèëî 30,8 % îòîáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ, à âñðåäíåì çà 2 ãîäà – 53,35 %. Åñëè ïðèíÿòüýòè ïîêàçàòåëè, ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåí-íîñòü áàëîáàíà â 49–69 óñïåøíî ðàçìíî-æàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä (ðèñ. 9).

Äàííàÿ îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè áàëîáàíà,íåñìîòðÿ íà âèäèìûå ðàçëè÷èÿ â ìåòîäè-÷åñêîì ïîäõîäå, äîâîëüíî áëèçêà ê îöåí-êå Â.Í. Ïëîòíèêîâà â 90-õ ãã. (Êðàñíàÿêíèãà…, 1998). Êîñâåííî ýòî ìîæåò ñâè-äåòåëüñòâîâàòü î òîì, ÷òî ïðèíöèïèàëüíîñèòóàöèÿ ñ âèäîì â êðàå íå èçìåíèëàñü,íåñìîòðÿ íà èçâåñòíûé ïðåññ, îêàçûâàå-ìûé áðàêîíüåðàìè.

Ãíåçäî ñ êëàäêîé, îáíàðóæåííîå 23 ìàÿ2003 ã. ñîäåðæàëî 3 ñèëüíî íàñèæåííûõÿéöà, 2 ÿéöà áûëî â ïîãèáøåé êëàäêå, îá-íàðóæåííîé íà ñîñåäíåì ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñ-òêå áàëîáàíà è 1 ÿéöî-áîëòóí â ãíåçäå ñ 3ñë¸òêàìè 8 èþëÿ 2003 ã. Âèäèìî, â 2003 ã.áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü êëàäîê ñîäåðæàëà 3–4 ÿéöà.Ñðåäíåå êîëè÷åñòâî ïòåíöîâ â âûâîäêåñîñòàâèëî 2,90±0,31 (1–4; n=10) (Êàðÿêèí,2003). Â 2004 ã. â ãíåçäå ñ 2 ïòåíöàìè áûëîîáíàðóæåíî 2 íåîïëîäîòâîðåííûõ ÿéöà;âûâîäêè, âêëþ÷àÿ ïîãèáøèå, (n=7) ñîäåð-æàëè 2 – 4 ïòåíöà; òàêèì îáðàçîì, â ñðåä-íåì – 2,86±0,9 ïòåíöà.

Ðèñ. 9. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ áàëîáàíà (Falcocherrug) â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå

Fig. 9. The distribution ofbreeding territories ofSaker Falcon (Falco cher-rug) in the Altai Kray


Ïèòàíèå èçó÷àëîñü ôðàã-ìåíòàðíî. Ñðåäè ñîáðàííûõïîåäåé è ïîãàäîê äîìèíèðî-âàëè îñòàíêè êðàñíîù¸êîãîñóñëèêà, ñòåïíîé ïèùóõè,ìåëêèõ ìûøåâèäíûõ ãðûçó-íîâ, âðàíîâûõ, ïåðåïåëîâ èñåðûõ êóðîïàòîê.

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus)Èíôîðìàöèÿ î ãíåçäîâàíèè

ñàïñàíà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàåèìååòñÿ òîëüêî ó Â.À. Ñåëå-âèíà (1928; 1929), êîòîðûéïðèâîäèò åãî â êà÷åñòâå ãíåç-äÿùåãîñÿ äëÿ òåððèòîðèèïðåäãîðèé Àëòàÿ (òåððèòîðèÿíûíåøíåãî Çìåèíîãîðñêîãîðàéîíà). Áîëüøèíñòâî ëåòíèõâñòðå÷ â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè îáëàñòè, äàííûåî êîòîðûõ ïðèâîäÿòñÿ â ñîâðåìåííîé ëè-òåðàòóðå (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà…, 1998), ñêîðåå

âñåãî, îøèáî÷íû. Âåðîÿòíî,çà ñàïñàíà ïðèíèìàëñÿ ïîõî-æèé íà íåãî áàëîáàí, øèðî-êî ðàñïðîñòðàí¸ííûé ïî âñåéðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëå-âîáåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.

Çà 3 ãîäà ðàáîòû â Àëòàéñ-êîì êðàå ñàïñàí ðåãèñòðèðî-âàëñÿ íàìè òîëüêî â ãîðàõ èïðåäãîðüÿõ. Â êðàå ýòîò ñîêîëãíåçäèòñÿ èñêëþ÷èòåëüíî íàñêàëàõ ïî áåðåãàì ðåê è îç¸ð,íàõîäÿ îïòèìàëüíûå óñëîâèÿäëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ â ãîðíî-ëåñ-íîì ïîÿñå Àëòàÿ è Ñàëàèðà.Â ëåñîñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ ñî-

êîëû ïðîíèêàþò íà ãíåçäîâàíèè ëèøü ïîäîëèíàì êðóïíûõ ðåê (×àðûø, Àíóé – âëåâîáåðåæüå Îáè, âåðõíåå òå÷åíèå ×ó-ìûøà – â ïðàâîáåðåæüå), áåðåãà êîòîðûõèçîáèëóþò ñêàëüíûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè, ëèáîïî îñòàíöîâûì ìàññèâàì Êîëûâàíñêîãî èÁàùåëàêñêîãî õðåáòîâ.

Çà 5 ëåò èññëåäîâàíèé áûëî ëîêàëèçîâà-íî 9 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ýòîãî ñîêîëà,ïîäòâåðæä¸ííûõ íàõîäêàìè æèëûõ ãí¸çä.Ñïåöèàëüíûå ó÷¸òû ñàïñàíà â êðàå íå ïðî-âîäèëèñü, îäíàêî ìû ðàñïîëàãàåì ïëîòíî-ñòüþ ýòîãî âèäà íà äâóõ ìîäåëüíûõ ó÷àñò-êàõ â äîëèíàõ ðåê Ïåñ÷àíàÿ è Àíóé. Âäîëèíå ð. Ïåñ÷àíàÿ ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäóãí¸çäàìè ñàïñàíà ñîñòàâèëî 3,73 êì. Ïå-ðåñ÷¸ò íà âñþ äîëèíó ðåêè ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òîïàðà ñàïñàíîâ çàíèìàåò â ñðåäíåì 4,94 êìäîëèíû. Â äîëèíå ð. Àíóé ñàïñàíû ãíåçäè-ëèñü â 2,9 êì äðóã îò äðóãà, îäíàêî çäåñüíà ïàðó ïðèõîäèëîñü çíà÷èòåëüíî áîëüøàÿ

ïî ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòè ÷àñòü äîëèíû – 9,31 êì.Ïî âûøåïðèâåäåííûì äàííûì â ãîðíî-ëåñ-íîì ïîÿñå Àëòàÿ ñðåäíÿÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüðå÷íîé äîëèíû, ïðèõîäÿùàÿñÿ íà 1 ïàðóñàïñàíîâ, ñîñòàâëÿåò 7,12 êì. Àíàëèç êîñ-ìîñíèìêîâ ïîçâîëÿåò îïðåäåëèòü ïðîòÿ-æ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíàó÷àñòêîâ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí â 512,11–787,94 êì.Çà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå ó÷àñòêè ðå÷íûõ äîëèíìû ïðèíèìàëè òå, êîòîðûå ïðè íàëè÷èèñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé (íå ìåíåå 80 ì íà1 êì), âèäèìûõ íà ñíèìêàõ, èìåëè øèðèíóáîëåå 0,2 êì. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàí-íûõ ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàï-ñàíà â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Îáñêîãî ëåâî-áåðåæüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 72–111 ïàð.

Â ëåñîñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ äàæå ïðè ñà-ìîì îïòèìèñòè÷åñêîì ïðîãíîçå âðÿä ëèãíåçäèòñÿ áîëåå 10 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ (5–10ïàð), òàê êàê ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïûîãðàíè÷åíû 4 ó÷àñòêàìè ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþíå áîëåå 200 êì.

Ðèñ. 10. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå

Fig. 10. The distribution of breeding territories of Per-egrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the Altai Kray

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus)ñ äîáû÷åé. (03.07.2004).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Peregrine Falcon(Falco peregrinus)(03/07/2004). Photo by I.Karyakin

Ãíåçäî ñàïñàíà (Falco peregrinus) â íèøå ñêàëû (28.07.2003). ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

The nest of the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) in the niche on arock (28/07/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin


Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùàÿ ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â Îáñêîìëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â77–121 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð, ò.å.íåñêîëüêî ìåíüøå, ÷åì áàëî-áàíà. Îïòèìóì ãíåçäîâîé îá-ëàñòè ñàïñàíà ëåæèò çà ïðå-äåëàìè òàêîâîé áàëîáàíà, ò.å.âèäû ôàêòè÷åñêè íå ïåðåñå-êàþòñÿ äðóã ñ äðóãîì â ãíåç-äîâûõ áèîòîïàõ â ãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä.

Â äîëèíå ð. ×óìûø 2 ãíåçäà ñàïñàíà ðàñ-ïîëàãàëèñü â 6,58 êì äðóã îò äðóãà. Ó÷è-òûâàÿ, ÷òî ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà ó÷àñòêîâ ðå÷íûõ äîëèíñîñòàâëÿåò 177 êì, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòüãíåçäîâàíèå â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå 26ïàð ñàïñàíîâ.

Âñå ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïîñåùàëèñü ïîñ-ëå âûëåòà ñë¸òêîâ, ïîýòîìó îïðåäåëèòüòî÷íóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü âûâîäêîâ íå ïðåäñòàâ-ëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíûì. Ó ãí¸çä ðåãèñòðèðîâà-ëè ïî 1–2 ìîëîäûõ ñàïñàíà.

Óñïåøíîñòü ðàçìíîæåíèÿ â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå íå èçâåñòíà, îäíàêî îíà âðÿä ëè îò-ëè÷àåòñÿ îò òàêîâîé â àðåàëå. Ïî íàáëþ-äåíèÿì íà Óðàëå (Êàðÿêèí, 2005) è â Àë-òàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå óñïåøíî ðàçìíîæà-åòñÿ 71 % ïàð. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ öèôð,ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà â Àë-òàéñêîì êðàå â 73–104 óñïåøíî ðàçìíî-æàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä. Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿñàïñàíà ñëàáî êîëåáëåòñÿ ïî ãîäàì â ñâÿ-çè ñ áîëüøèì ïîñòîÿíñòâîì ïîêàçàòåëåé÷èñëåííîñòè êîðìîâîé áàçû â îòëè÷èå îòáàëîáàíà (ðèñ. 10).

Îñíîâó ïèòàíèÿ ñàïñàíà â êðàå, êàê è âåç-äå â àðåàëå, ñîñòàâëÿþò ïòèöû, â îñíîâíîìãîëóáè, óòêè, êóëèêè, âðàíîâûå è äðîçäû.

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo)Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì ðàçëè÷íûõ

èññëåäîâàòåëåé Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ ôèëèí âñòðå÷àëñÿ íàãíåçäîâàíèè â ëåíòî÷íûõ áî-ðàõ, êîëî÷íûõ ëåñàõ Êóëóíäû,íà Ïðèîáñêîì ïëàòî è â ãîðàõÀëòàÿ, îäíàêî âåçäå áûë ðå-

äîê (Âåëèæàíèíû, 1929; Ñåëåâèí, 1929; Çà-ëåññêèå, 1931; Åãîðîâ, 1961). Â íàñòîÿùååâðåìÿ, ïî ìíåíèþ À.Ï. Êó÷èíà (Êðàñíàÿêíèãà…, 1998), ôèëèí âñòðå÷àåòñÿ ïîâñå-ìåñòíî, îäíàêî âûñîêîé ÷èñëåííîñòè íèã-äå íå äîñòèãàåò.

Â 2001–2005 ãã. íàìè â Àëòàéñêîì êðàåáûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 110 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ôèëèíîâ: 30 ó÷àñòêîâ â ãîðíîé ÷àñòèëåâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè, 79 ó÷àñòêîâ â ðàâíèí-íîé ÷àñòè ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè è 1 ó÷àñòîê –â ïðàâîáåðåæüå Îáè.

Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíàëó÷øå èçó÷åíû â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå. Ïîòèïó ãíåçäîâûõ áèîòîïîâ îáëàñòü ãíåçäîâî-ãî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ôèëèíà â ëåâîáåðåæüåìîæíî ðàçáèòü íà 3 ó÷àñòêà: ñòåïíûå è ëå-ñîñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ, ãîðíî-ëåñíîé ïîÿñ,ðàâíèííûå ëåñà.

Òåððèòîðèÿ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà â ñòåïíûõ è ëåñîñòåï-íûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ, çàíèìàåò ïëîùàäü24543,34 êì2. Ïëîùàäü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ (ñòåïíûå ó÷àñòêè ñ ïåðåñå÷¸í-íûì ðåëüåôîì) ñîñòàâëÿåò 2174,21 êì2.

Íà ó÷¸òíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ â 2001–2004 ãã.áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 14 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâôèëèíîâ. Ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸ç-äàìè ôèëèíîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 3,14 êì (1,4 –

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) â ãíåçäå ïîä ñîñíîé íà áåðåãóîçåðà (29.05.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The chicks of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in the nest by the pinetree near a lake (29/05/2003). Photo by I. Karyakin

Ïòåíöû ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) â ãíåçäå íà ñêàëå.(23.05.2003). Ôîòî È.Ñìåëÿíñêîãî.

The chicks of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in the nest on a rock(23/05/2003). Photo by I. Smelansky


ðàñ÷¸òíîé ïëîùàäè äëÿ ñòåïíîãî îðëà,áîëåå áëèçêîé ê ðåàëüíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îöåí-êà ÷èñëåííîñòè â 281 ïàðó.

Â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå (10262,42 êì2)ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ â îñíîâíîì â ðå÷íûõ äî-ëèíàõ íà ïðèáðåæíûõ ñêàëàõ. Òðåáîâàíèÿ,ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûå çäåñü ê ìåñòàì ãíåçäîâà-íèÿ òàêèå æå, êàê äëÿ ñàïñàíà. Ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòü ó÷àñòêîâ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí, íà êîòîðûõâåðîÿòíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ôèëèíà, îïðåäåëå-íà íàìè â 512,11 – 787,94 êì. Íà ìîäåëü-íûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â äîëèíàõ ðåê Àíóé è Ïåñ-÷àíàÿ, îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 28,49 êì,áûëî ëîêàëèçîâàíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàôèëèíîâ, ÷òî ñîîòâåòñòâóåò 1 ïàðå íà 9,5êì. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ýòèõ äàííûõ ïîçâîëÿåòîöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõ-ñÿ â ðå÷íûõ äîëèíàõ ãîðíî-ëåñíîãî ïîÿñà,â 54–83 ïàðû. Ïî íàøèì íàáëþäåíèÿì íàÓðàëå è â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðåãèîíå 30 %ïàð ôèëèíîâ ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà ñêàëàõ âíå êðóï-íûõ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí (íà âòîðîñòåïåííûõïðèòîêàõ è ïî ñêëîíàì õðåáòîâ), ïëîùàäüêîòîðûõ íåâîçìîæíî òî÷íî ïðîñ÷èòàòü ïîêîñìîñíèìêàì. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ýòî, ìîæíî îöå-íèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿâíå êðóïíûõ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí â 16–25 ïàð, àîáùóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ãîðíî-ëåñíîãîïîÿñà – â 70–108 ïàð.

Îñíîâûâàÿñü íà âûøåïðèâåäåííûõ ðàñ-÷¸òàõ, ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíàâ ãîðíîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðåæüÿ Àë-òàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 314–388 ïàð.

Â ðàâíèííûõ ëåñàõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèå ôè-ëèíà ïîõîæå íà ðàñïðåäåëåíèå áîëüøîãîïîäîðëèêà. Â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ ãíåçäîâûåó÷àñòêè ýòèõ ïòèö â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâñîñåäñòâóþò, îäíàêî â êîëêîâûõ ëèñòâåí-íûõ ëåñàõ ôèëèí îòñóòñòâóåò íà áîëüøåé÷àñòè òåððèòîðèè, íàñåëÿÿ òîëüêî êðóïíûåðàçðåæåííûå êîëêè ïî áåðåãàì êðóïíûõâîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ. Ïîòåíöèàëü-íî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ åãî ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ëåñîïîê-ðûòàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüåñîñòàâëÿåò 4691 êì2. Äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôè-ëèí ïðåäïî÷èòàåò ñîâîêóïíîñòü âîäíî-áî-ëîòíûõ óãîäèé è ëåñà, ïðè÷åì â ëåñó òÿãî-òååò ê ñòàðûì ó÷àñòêàì, â îòëè÷èå îòïîäîðëèêà. Â áîðàõ îí èçáåãàåò ìîëîäûõè çàêóñòàðåííûõ âûäåëîâ, ïðåäïî÷èòàÿãíåçäèòüñÿ â ñòàðûõ ðàçðåæåííûõ ëåñàõ.Îñíîâíûì êðèòåðèåì, ïðåäúÿâëÿåìûì êãíåçäîâîìó áèîòîïó, ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàëè÷èåâîäîåìà èëè êðóïíîãî áîëîòà (íå ìåíåå 1êì2) â íåïîñðåäñòâåííîé áëèçîñòè îò ëåñ-íîãî ìàññèâà èëè âíóòðè íåãî. Ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïîëîñà ëåñà âäîëü âîäíî-áîëîòíîãî êîìïëåêñà. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõõàðàêòåðèñòèê, ìîæíî îïðåäåëèòü ïðîòÿ-

Â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôè-ëèíà ïðèáëèæàåòñÿ ê ÷èñëåííîñòè ñòåïíî-ãî îðëà. Ôàêòè÷åñêè, íà ïàðó ñòåïíûõ îð-ëîâ îáû÷íî ïðèõîäèòñÿ ïàðà ôèëèíîâ.Ïðè ýòîì îõîòíè÷üè òåððèòîðèè ìîãóòñèëüíî ïåðåêðûâàòüñÿ, íî îðëû çàíèìàþòïîä ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ïðèâåðøèííûå ÷à-ñòè âîäîðàçäåëîâ è ñêëîíû, îòêðûòûå êøèðîêèì äîëèíàì è ìåæñîïî÷íûì ïîíè-æåíèÿì, òîãäà êàê ôèëèíû ïðåäïî÷èòàþòãíåçäèòñÿ â íèæíåé ïîëîâèíå ñêëîíîâ èâûáèðàþò çàêðûòûå ñêëîíû (îäíàêî èçâå-ñòíû èñêëþ÷åíèÿ).

Ó÷èòûâàÿ, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòü ñòåïíîãî îðëàîöåíåíà íàìè â 270–280 ïàð, à òåððèòî-ðèÿ, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ ãíåçäî-âàíèÿ ôèëèíà, íà êîòîðóþ ýêñòðàïîëèðî-âàëèñü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå, íà 10 % áîëüøå

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà(13.07.2003). Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

The juvenile of the EagleOwl (13/07/2003). Pho-to by I. Karyakin

4,8 êì; n=10), ò.å. íà êàæäóþ ïàðó ïðèõî-äèòñÿ 7,75 êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäèèëè 100,82 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè. Ïðÿìàÿ ýê-ñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà îáùóþïëîùàäü, ïîòåíöèàëüíî ïðèãîäíóþ äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà, ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî âïðåäåëàõ âûäåëåííîãî ïîëèãîíà ìîæåòãíåçäèòüñÿ 243 ïàðû ôèëèíîâ. Îäíàêî ýòàöèôðà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ íåñêîëüêî çàíèæåí-íîé. Â ïåðâóþ î÷åðåäü ýòî ñâÿçàíî ñ òåì,÷òî ó÷¸òíûå ïëîùàäêè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ïðå-èìóùåñòâåííî â ïîëîñå ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãî-ðèé, à ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ áûëà ïðîâåäåíà è íàëåñîñòåïíûå ïðåäãîðüÿ, ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòüêîòîðûõ äëÿ ôèëèíà íåñêîëüêî âûøå. Áî-ëåå òî÷íàÿ ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ íà ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíûå áèîòîïû äà¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòü â281 ïàðó.


óñòðàèâàÿ ãí¸çäà íà çåìëå â ïîäíîæèè ñòâî-ëîâ äåðåâüåâ. Íà ýòîé òåððèòîðèè èçâåñò-íî 2 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà. Ïî ìàòåðèàëàìèññëåäîâàíèé 1999 ã. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000)â äîëèíå Îáè è âíóòðè Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà(62,3 êì ñêëîíà íàäïîéìåííîé òåððàñû è63 êì ïîáåðåæèé îç¸ð è áîëîò) äëÿ Íîâî-ñèáèðñêîé ÷àñòè Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ôèëèíà áûëà îïðåäåëåíà â 15 âîç-ìîæíûõ ïàð è â 11 ïàð äëÿ äîëèíû Îáè,ïðèëåãàþùåé ê áîðó. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà0,43 ïàðû/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè ïðè ñëå-äóþùèõ ñðåäíèõ ïîêàçàòåëÿõ ðàñïðåäåëå-íèÿ ïî áèîòîïàì: 17,66 ïàð/100 êì ðåêèè 24,0 ïàð/100 êì ïîáåðåæüÿ îçåðà èëèáîëîòà âíóòðè áîðà. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ñõîäíûå õà-ðàêòåðèñòèêè òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ Îáè â ïðå-äåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, à òàêæå ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîãî äëÿ ôèëèíà ñêëîíàòåððàñû Îáè (158,6 êì) è ïîáåðåæèé îç¸ðè áîëîò âíóòðè áîðîâ (176,4 êì), ìîæíîïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî íà òåððèòîðèè âñåõ ïðè-îáñêèõ áîðîâ ãíåçäèòñÿ 65–75, â ñðåäíåì70 ïàð ôèëèíîâ (33,33 % ãíåçäÿòñÿ âäîëüÎáè), èç êîòîðûõ 49–56 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 53ïàðû, ãíåçäèòñÿ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå.

æ¸ííîñòü ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ â 970êì (íåñêîëüêî ìåíüøå, ÷åì äëÿ áîëüøîãîïîäîðëèêà).

Íà ìîäåëüíûõ ïëîùàäêàõ â Óãëîâñêîì,Âîë÷èõèíñêîì, Ðîìàíîâñêîì è Ìàìîíòîâ-ñêîì ðàéîíàõ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 24 ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíîâ. Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæ-äó ãí¸çäàìè è öåíòðàìè ó÷àñòêîâ, íàêîòîðûõ ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ñë¸òêè, ñîñòàâ-ëÿåò 0,99 – 8,70, â ñðåäíåì 3,9 êì (n=23).Íà ïàðó ïòèö ïðèõîäèòñÿ 11,92 êì2 ëåñ-íîé ïëîùàäè èëè 2,6 êì îáëåñ¸ííîé ÷àñòèïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåêñîâ.

Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà îá-ùóþ ëåñíóþ ïëîùàäü è íà ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íóþ ëåñíóþ äà¸ò îöåíêó â 394 è 371 ïàðñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Ïîìèìî ïåðèôåðèè âîäíî-áîëîòíûõêîìïëåêñîâ, ôèëèí îõîòíî ãíåçäèòñÿ â ñòà-ðûõ áîðàõ âäîëü íåðàñïàõàííûõ ó÷àñòêîâñòåïè, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü êîòîðûõ â Àëòàéñ-êîì êðàå ñîñòàâëÿåò 437,5 êì. Ó÷¸òû â Óã-ëîâñêîì è Åãîðüåâñêîì ðàéîíàõ ïîêàçà-ëè, ÷òî 1 ïàðà ôèëèíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà 7,95êì îïóøêè ñòàðîãî áîðà âäîëü íåðàñïà-õàííîé ñòåïè. Ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ïîçâîëÿåòîöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âäîëü îïóøåê ëåíòî÷-íûõ áîðîâ âíå âîäíî-áîëîòíûõ êîìïëåê-ñîâ â 55 ïàð.

Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà âëåñàõ ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè Îáñêîãî ëåâîáåðå-æüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ îöåíèâàåòñÿ â 426–449 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð.

Íåêîòîðîå êîëè÷åñòâî ôèëèíîâ îïðåäå-ë¸ííî ãíåçäèòñÿ â îâðàæíî-áàëî÷íûõ ñèñ-òåìàõ âäîëü ïîáåðåæüÿ Îáè. Ýòà òåððèòî-ðèÿ â ïðåäåëàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ íàìè íåîáñëåäîâàëàñü, îäíàêî â àíàëîãè÷íûõ áèî-òîïàõ íà òåððèòîðèè Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëà-ñòè ôèëèí áûë îáíàðóæåí íà ãíåçäîâàíèèâ 1999 ã. (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000) è â 2001 ã.Ñòîëü îòðûâî÷íûå äàííûå íå ïîçâîëÿþò îöå-íèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â òàêèõ áèîòîïàõ,îäíàêî ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèåçäåñü êàê ìèíèìóì 5–10 ïàð ôèëèíîâ.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôè-ëèíà â Îáñêîì ëåâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 745 – 847 ïàð.

Â ìåæäóðå÷üå Áèè è Êàòóíè (3077,76 êì2)íå óäàëîñü íàéòè ãí¸çä ôèëèíà, õîòÿ ïðè-çíàêè ïðåáûâàíèÿ âçðîñëûõ ïòèö îáíàðó-æåíû â áîðó áëèç ñ. Óñÿòñêîå è íà ñêàëàõð. Èøà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,16 ïàð/100êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè, èñõîäÿ èç ÷åãî ìîæíîïðåäïîëîæèòü ãíåçäîâàíèå â ìåæäóðå÷üåÁèè è Êàòóíè 3–7 ïàð ôèëèíîâ.

Â áîðàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ ôèëèíãíåçäèòñÿ íà îáðûâàõ îáñêîé òåððàñû ëèáîâíóòðè áîðîâ ïî áåðåãàì îç¸ð è áîëîò,

Ðèñ. 11. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå

Fig. 11. The distribution of breeding territories of EagleOwl (Bubo bubo) in the Altai Kray

Â 2004 ã. áûëè îáñëåäîâàíû äâà ó÷àñòêàíà Áèå-×óìûøñêîé âîçâûøåííîñòè: äîëè-íû ð. Øóáåíêà è ð. ×óìûø íà ïðîòÿæåíèè67 êì. Çäåñü îáíàðóæåí ëèøü îäèí ãíåç-äîâîé ó÷àñòîê ôèëèíîâ, à òàêæå çàðåãèñò-ðèðîâàíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíà íàäðóãîì ó÷àñòêå. Ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 0,09ïàð/100 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè èëè 1 ïàðà íà33,5 êì ðåêè. Îöåíêà ÷èñëåííîñòè ñîñòàâ-ëÿåò 10–30 ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 20 ïàð è ìî-æåò áûòü íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåííîé.


Â ãîðíî-ëåñíîì ïîÿñå Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿ-æà ôèëèí ãíåçäèòñÿ ïî ñêàëüíûì îáíàæå-íèÿì ðå÷íûõ äîëèí. Çäåñü íàìè äîñòàòî÷-íî õîðîøî îáñëåäîâàíà äîëèíà ð. Áåðäüíà ó÷àñòêå íèæå ñ. Ìàñëÿíèíî Íîâîñèáèð-ñêîé îáëàñòè, ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ 32,63 êì(Ðûáåíêî è äð., 2004), ãäå ëî-êàëèçîâàíî 5 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ. Ýòè äàííûå(ñì. ñòàòüþ íà ñòð. 54) ïîçâî-ëÿþò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòüôèëèíà â àëòàéñêîé ÷àñòè Ñà-ëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Îáùàÿïëîòíîñòü äëÿ áàññåéíà Áåð-äè ñîñòàâëÿåò 0,38 ïàð/100êì2. Ó÷èòûâàÿ ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüÑàëàèðñêèõ ðåê íà òåððèòî-ðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, ïðèãîä-íûõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà(131,7 êì), è îáùóþ ïëîùàäüãîðíî-ëåñíîé çîíû Ñàëàèðà âêðàå (7911,36 êì2), ìîæíîîöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíàíà ãíåçäîâàíèè â 26–34, âñðåäíåì 30 ïàð.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà âÎáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíà â 101 – 139 ïàð, àîáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå – â 846 – 968 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð(ðèñ. 11).

Íà 110 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ â 2001–2005ãã. áûëî îáíàðóæåíî 80 ãí¸çä ôèëèíà. 29ãí¸çä ðàñïîëàãàëèñü â íèøàõ ñêàëüíûõ îá-íàæåíèé (13 – íà ïðèðå÷íûõ ñêàëàõ, 12 –íà ñêàëàõ ñòåïíûõ âîçâûøåííîñòåé è 4 –íà ñêàëàõ èíîãî òèïà), 51 ãíåçäî – íà çåì-ëå (49 – â ïîäíîæèè ñòàðûõ ñîñåí, 1 ïîäêóñòîì ñïèðåè íà áåðåãîâîì ñêëîíå ðåêè,1 – â ïîäíîæèè ñòîãà ñåíà). Èç 49 ãí¸çä âïîäíîæèè ñîñåí 45 ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ãðè-âàõ èëè ïåñ÷àíûõ áóãðàõ âíóòðè ëåñà è 4íà âåðøèíàõ áåðåãîâûõ îáðûâîâ îç¸ð.

Ïîãèáøèå êëàäêè ñîäåðæàëè 1–2, âñðåäíåì 1,8±0,45 ÿèö (n=5), è áîëüøèí-ñòâî èç íèõ áûëî áðîøåíî íà ðàííèõ ýòà-ïàõ íàñèæèâàíèÿ (âîçìîæíî, ÷àñòü èçíèõ áûëè íåïîëíûå). Îäíà èç ïîãèáøèõêëàäîê áûëà ÿâíî ïîâòîðíîé, òàê êàê ðàñ-ïîëàãàëàñü â ñîòíå ìåòðîâ îò äðóãîãîãíåçäà ñ ïîãèáøåé êëàäêîé. Â 2-õ ïîãèá-øèõ âûâîäêàõ áûëî ïî 2 ïòåíöà. Âñå ñëó-÷àè ãèáåëè êëàäîê è âûâîäêîâ, çàðåãèñò-ðèðîâàííûå â ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðàõ,ïðîèçîøëè ïî ïðè÷èíå áåñïîêîéñòâàëþäüìè: â 4-õ ñëó÷àÿõ áëèç ãíåçäà áûëèðàçáèòû ñòîÿíêè, ÷òî ïðèâåëî ê ãèáåëèêëàäîê, â 2-õ ñëó÷àÿõ êëàäêà è âûâîäîêïîãèáëè èç-çà ðóáîê ëåñà è â 1-ì ñëó÷àå

óæå îïåðåííûå ïòåíöû áûëè ñúåäåíû ñî-áàêîé ëåñîðóáîâ, äåëÿíêà êîòîðûõ ðàñ-ïîëàãàëàñü â 20 ì îò ãíåçäà.

Âûâîäêè ñîäåðæàò 1–3, â ñðåäíåì1,87±0,69 ïòåíöà íà óñïåøíîå ãíåçäî(n=23).

Ïóñòóþùèå ãí¸çäà èëè ãí¸çäà ñ ïîãèá-øèìè êëàäêàìè è âûâîäêàìè ñîñòàâëÿþò 35% îò îáùåãî êîëè÷åñòâà îáíàðóæåííûõ(n=54 ïî äàííûì 2003 ã.), ò.å. óñïåøíîåðàçìíîæåíèå ðåãèñòðèðóåòñÿ íà 65 % ó÷à-ñòêîâ ôèëèíîâ.

Èñõîäÿ èç âûøåïðèâåäåííûõ äàííûõ,ìîæíî îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â Àë-òàéñêîì êðàå â 550–629 óñïåøíî ðàçìíî-æàþùèõñÿ ïàð â ãîä.

Ïèòàíèå ôèëèíà î÷åíü ðàçíîîáðàçíî.Îñíîâíûìè îáúåêòàìè äîáû÷è ÿâëÿþòñÿìåëêèå è ñðåäíèå ìëåêîïèòàþùèå: âîäÿ-íàÿ ïîë¸âêà, ñåðàÿ êðûñà, ñòåïíàÿ ïèùó-õà, àëòàéñêèé öîêîð, ìåëêèå ìûøåâèäíûåãðûçóíû, à òàêæå óòêè, ïàñòóøêîâûå, êó-ðèíûå è âðàíîâûå ïòèöû. Â áîðàõ ôèëè-íû ÷àñòî äîáûâàþò çàéöåâ. Â öåëîì ïîòåððèòîðèè êðàÿ â äîáû÷å àáñîëþòíî äî-ìèíèðóåò âîäÿíàÿ ïîë¸âêà – 34 % îñòàí-êîâ. Â ïðåäãîðíî-ñòåïíûõ ðàéîíàõ ïðå-îáëàäàþò õîìÿ÷êè è öîêîð, â ìåíüøåéñòåïåíè óçêî÷åðåïíàÿ ïîë¸âêà è îáûê-íîâåííûé õîìÿê (äàííûå Î. Ãîí÷àðîâîéïî íàøèì ìàòåðèàëàì 2004 ã.).

Â ïèòàíèè ôèëèíà âñòðå÷àþòñÿ âñå âèäûõèùíûõ ïòèö, íàñåëÿþùèõ òåððèòîðèþêðàÿ, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì ñàìûõ êðóïíûõ –îðëàíà è áåðêóòà. Â 2003 ã. â ãí¸çäàõ ôè-ëèíà áûëè îáíàðóæåíû îñòàíêè ìîãèëüíè-êà (1), ïîäîðëèêà (1), áàëîáàíà (1), ïóñ-òåëüãè (Falco tinnunculus) (2), êàíþêà (Buteobuteo) (3), êîðøóíà (7), äëèííîõâîñòîéíåÿñûòè (Strix uralensis) (2) è óøàñòîé ñîâû

Ïîãèáøàÿ êëàäêà ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo) (25.07.2003). Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The dead clutch of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) (25/07/2003).Photo by I. Karyakin.


(Asio otus) (11). Ó÷èòûâàÿ âûñîêóþ ïëîò-íîñòü ôèëèíà, ìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òîîí îêàçûâàåò ñóùåñòâåííûé ïðåññ íà õèù-íûõ ïòèö â êðàå, èãðàÿ íåìàëîâàæíóþ ðîëüè â èõ ðàñïðåäåëåíèè.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè

Àâòîðû âûðàæàþò áëàãîäàðíîñòü Ýëü-âèðå Íèêîëåíêî, Âàëåíòèíå è ÌèõàèëóÍåìöåâûì, Îëüãå Ãîí÷àðîâîé, ÄåíèñóÂàñåíüêîâó, Àíäðåþ Òîìèëåíêî, ÀíäðåþÑåì¸íîâó è Ìèõàèëó Êîæåâíèêîâó, ó÷à-ñòâîâàâøèì â ýêñïåäèöèÿõ è ïîìîãàâøèìâ ñáîðå è îáðàáîòêå ïîëåâîãî ìàòåðèà-ëà. Òàêæå ìû áëàãîäàðíû Weeden Foun-dation è Òèõîîêåàíñêîìó öåíòðó îêðó-æàþùåé ñðåäû è ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóðñîâ(Pacific Environment, PERC, Ñàí-Ôðàíöèñ-êî), áåç ïîääåðæêè êîòîðûõ áûëà áû íå-âîçìîæíà ðàáîòà Ñèáýêîöåíòðà â Àëòàé-ñêîì êðàå.

Ëèòåðàòóðà

Àâåðèí Â.Ã., Ëàâðîâ À.Í. Ìàòåðèàëû ê èçó-÷åíèþ ôàóíû ïòèö Òîìñêîé ãóáåðíèè. – Çàïèñ-êè Ñåìèïàëàò. ïîäîòä. Çàï.Ñèá. îòä. ÐÃÎ. Âûï.5. Òîìñê, 1911. Ñ. 1–36.

Àëåêñàíäðîâà Â.Ä., Ãóðè÷åâà Í.Ï., ÈâàíèíàË.È. Ðàñòèòåëüíûé ïîêðîâ è ïðèðîäíûå êîðìî-âûå óãîäüÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ (áåç Ãîðíî-Àëòàé-ñêîé ÀÎ) – Ïðèðîäíîå ðàéîíèðîâàíèå Àëòàé-ñêîãî êðàÿ. Òð. Îñîáîé êîìïëåêñíîéýêñïåäèöèè ïî çåìëÿì íîâîãî ñåëüñêîõîçÿé-ñòâåííîãî îñâîåíèÿ. Ò. 1. Ì.: Èçä-âî ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ,1958. Ñ. 135–160.

Àëåêñàíäðîâà Â.Ä., Áàçèëåâè÷ Í.È., Çàíèí Ã.Â.,Èâàíèíà Ë.È., Êàðìàíîâ È.È., Êðàâöîâà Â.È.,Ðîçàíîâ À.Í. Ïðèðîäíûå ðàéîíû Àëòàéñêîãîêðàÿ (áåç Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé ÀÎ) – Ïðèðîäíîåðàéîíèðîâàíèå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Òð. Îñîáîéêîìïëåêñíîé ýêñïåäèöèè ïî çåìëÿì íîâîãîñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî îñâîåíèÿ. Ò. 1. Ì.: Èçä-âî ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, 1958. Ñ. 161–202.

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé. Àòëàñ. Ò. 1. Ì.-Áàðíàóë,1978. 222 ñ.

Âåëèæàíèí À.Ï., Âåëèæàíèí Ã.À. Ñïèñêè ïòèöÁàðíàóëüñêîãî îêðóãà. – Uragus. 1929. Êí. 9.¹ 1. Ñ. 5–15.

Âåëèæàíèí Ã.À. Äîáàâëåíèå ê îðíèòîôàóíåÁàðíàóëüñêîãî îêðóãà. – Uragus. 1928. Êí. 6.¹ 1. Ñ. 12–20.

Âåëèæàíèí Ã.À. Çàìåòêè ïî îðíèòîôàóíåÁàðíàóëüñêîãî, Ðóáöîâñêîãî è Ñëàâãîðîäñêîãîîêðóãîâ. – Àëòàéñêèé ñáîðíèê. 1930. Ò. 12. Ñ.58–60.

Ãàðìñ Î.ß., Èðèñîâ Ý.À. Íàõîæäåíèå íåêî-òîðûõ ïòèö, âíåñ¸ííûõ â Êðàñíóþ Êíèãó ÑÑÑÐ,íà òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Èñ÷åçàþùèå,ðåäêèå è ñëàáî èçó÷åííûå ðàñòåíèÿ è æèâîò-íûå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ è ïðîáëåìû èõ îõðàíû:Òåç. Äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1987. Ñ. 53–54.

Åãîðîâ Í.Í. Èç íàáëþäåíèé íàä ïîçâîíî÷íû-ìè ëåíòî÷íûõ áîðîâ. – Èçâ. Àëò. îòä. ÃÎ ÑÑÑÐ.Âûï. I. Áàðíàóë, 1961. Ñ. 65–74.

Çàëåññêèé È.Ì., Çàëåññêèé Ï.Ì. Ïòèöû þãî-çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. – Áþëë. ÌÎÈÏ. Îòä. áèîë.Âûï. 3–4'. Ì., 1931. Ò. 40. Ñ. 145–206.

Çàíèí Ã.Â. Ãåîìîðôîëîãèÿ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ(áåç Ãîðíî-Àëòàéñêîé ÀÎ) – Ïðèðîäíîå ðàéî-íèðîâàíèå Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Òð. Îñîáîé êîìï-ëåêñíîé ýêñïåäèöèè ïî çåìëÿì íîâîãî ñåëüñ-êîõîçÿéñòâåííîãî îñâîåíèÿ. Ò. 1. Ì.: Èçä-âî ÀÍÑÑÑÐ, 1958. Ñ. 62–98.

Èðèñîâ Ý.À., Ãàðìñ Î.ß. Îöåíêà ñîâðåìåí-íîãî ñîñòîÿíèÿ ôàóíû ïòèö â ïîéìå ðåêè Àëåé.– Ðàçâèòèå âîäíîãî õîçÿéñòâà è îõðàíà îêðó-æàþùåé ñðåäû â áàññåéíå ðåêè Àëåé: Òåç. äîêë.ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1979. Ñ. 21–22.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Òåõíèêà âûÿâëåíèÿ ðåäêèõ âè-äîâ (êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè). Ïåðìü: Èçä-âî ÖÏÈ ÑÎÆ Óðàëà, ×.1. 1996. 80 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ìåòîäè÷åñêèå ðåêîìåíäàöèèïî ó÷¸òó ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ è îáðàáîòêå ó÷¸ò-íûõ äàííûõ. – Íîâîñèáèðñê, èçäàòåëüñêèé äîì«Ìàíóñêðèïò». 2000. 32 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Áàëîáàí â Àëòàå-Ñàÿíñêîì ðå-ãèîíå – èòîãè 2003 ãîäà. – Ñòåïíîé áþëëåòåíü.¹ 14. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 2003. Ñ. 34–35.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ñàïñàí â Âîëãî-Óðàëüñêîì ðå-ãèîíå, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðà-íà, 2005. ¹ 1. Ñ. 43–56.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Âàñåíüêîâ Ä.À., Äóáûíèí À.Â.Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü íåêîòîðûõ âè-äîâ ïòèö, ïðåäëàãàåìûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íî-âîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüåÍîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè – Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðî-áëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è ÖåíòðàëüíîéÀçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû I Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðíèòîëî-ãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè. – Óëàí-Óäý: Èçä-âî Áó-ðÿòñêîãî ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà, 2000. Ñ.226–229.

Êàùåíêî Í.Ô. Ðåçóëüòàòû Àëòàéñêîé çîîëî-ãè÷åñêîé ýêñïåäèöèè 1898 ãîäà. Ïîçâîíî÷íûå.– Èçâ. Òîìñê, óí-òà. Êí. 16. Òîìñê, 1900. Ñ. 49–158.

Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Ðåäêèå èíàõîäÿùèåñÿ ïîä óãðîçîé èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ âèäû æè-âîòíûõ. Áàðíàóë: Èçä-âî Àëò. Óí-òà, 1998. 238 ñ.

Êðàñíîÿðîâà Á.À. Òåððèòîðèàëüíàÿ îðãàíè-çàöèÿ àãðàðíîãî ïðèðîäîïîëüçîâàíèÿ Àëòàéñ-êîãî êðàÿ. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà. Ñèá. Ïðåäïðè-ÿòèå ÐÀÍ, 1999. 161 ñ.

Êó÷èí À.Ï. Ïòèöû Àëòàÿ. Áàðíàóë, 1976. 231 ñ.Êó÷èí À.Ï. Ðåäêèå æèâîòíûå Àëòàÿ. Íîâîñè-

áèðñê, 1991. 211 ñ.Êó÷èí À.Ï., Êó÷èíà Í.À. Ãíåçäîâàíèå ðåäêèõ

ïòèö â óñëîâèÿõ àíòðîïîãåííîãî âëèÿíèÿ â ïðè-êóëóíäèíñêîé êîòëîâèíå. – Îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûåòåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, òàêòèêà ñîõðàíå-íèÿ âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ãåíîôîíäà: Òåç.äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1995. Ñ. 111–112.

Ìàòåðèàëû ê Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîìó äîêëàäó îñîñòîÿíèè îêðóæàþùåé ïðèðîäíîé Ñðåäû Àë-òàéñêîãî êðàÿ â 1997 ãîäó. Áàðíàóë: Èçäàòåëü-ñòâî Àëòàéñêîãî ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà. 1998.

Íèêèòèí Â.Ã. Ðåäêèå è ìàëîèçó÷åííûå ïòèöûã. Áàðíàóëà è åãî îêðåñòíîñòåé. – Çîîëîãè-


÷åñêèå ïðîáëåìû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. Áàðíàóë,1990. Ñ. 34–35.

Îãóðååâà Ã.Í. Áîòàíè÷åñêàÿ ãåîãðàôèÿ Àë-òàÿ. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1980. 187 ñ.

Ïàæåíêîâ À.Ñ., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý. Âûÿâëåíèåðåãèîíàëüíîãî ýêîëîãè÷åñêîãî êàðêàñà è ïîä-ãîòîâêà ïðîåêòà ñèñòåìû îõðàíÿåìûõ ïðèðîä-íûõ òåððèòîðèé ñóáúåêòà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðà-öèè íà ïðèìåðå Ðåñïóáëèêè Áàøêîðòîñòàí èÑàìàðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Èçâ. Ñàìàðñêîãî ÍÖ ÐÀÍ.Ñïåö. âûïóñê (Ïðèðîäíîå íàñëåäèå Ðîññèè).×àñòü 1. 2004. Ñ. 65–77.

Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ. Ìàòåðèàëû àíêåò ïî ðàñïðîñò-ðàíåíèþ ðåäêèõ íàçåìíûõ ïîçâîíî÷íûõ Àë-òàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûå òåððèòî-ðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, òàêòèêà ñîõðàíåíèÿâèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ãåíîôîíäà: Òåç. äîêë.ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1995. Ñ. 45–47.

Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ., Êèñåëüìàí Å.ß., Èðèñîâ Ý.À.,×óïèí È.È. Èç íàáëþäåíèé çà ïòèöàìè, âíåñ¸í-íûìè â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÑÔÑÐ, â Àëòàéñêîìêðàå. – Ñîñòîÿíèå è ïóòè ñáåðåæåíèÿ ãåíîôîí-äà äèêèõ ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå:Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1992. Ñ. 46–47.

Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ., Èðèñîâ Ý.À. Íåêîòîðûå äàí-íûå î íàõîæäåíèè ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ïòèö â çàêàçíè-êàõ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ. – Îñîáî îõðàíÿåìûå òåð-ðèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ, òàêòèêà ñîõðàíåíèÿâèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è ãåíîôîíäà: Òåç. äîêë.ê êîíô. Áàðíàóë, 1995. Ñ. 42–45.

Ïåòðîâ Â.Þ., Ìåðêóøåâ Î.À. Ê ðàñïðîñòðà-íåíèþ îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå. –Êîððîëåâñêèé îðåë: Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, ñîñòî-ÿíèå ïîïóëÿöèé è ïåðñïåêòèâû îõðàíû îðëà-ìîãèëüíèêà (Aquila heliaca) â Ðîññèè. Ñáîðíèêíàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ. Ñåðèÿ: Ðåäêèå âèäû ïòèö. Âûï.1. Ì.: Ñîþç îõðàíû ïòèö Ðîññèè, 1999. Ñ. 84.

Ïëîòíèêîâ Â.Í. Âñòðå÷è ðåäêèõ ñîêîëîîáðàç-íûõ â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ã. Áàðíàóëà. – Ñîñòîÿíèå èïóòè ñáåðåæåíèÿ ãåíîôîíäà äèêèõ ðàñòåíèé èæèâîòíûõ â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå: Òåç. äîêë. ê êîíô.Áàðíàóë, 1992. Ñ. 47–48.

Ïëîòíèêîâ B.Í., Òðóíîâ À.À. Î íàõîæäåíèèðåäêèõ ïòèö â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ã. Áàðíàóë. – Îñî-áî îõðàíÿåìûå òåððèòîðèè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ,òàêòèêà ñîõðàíåíèÿ âèäîâîãî ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ è

ãåíîôîíäà: Ìàòåð. ê ðåãèîíàëüíîé êîíô. Áàð-íàóë, 1995. Ñ. 49–50.

Ðàâêèí Þ.Ñ. Ïòèöû Ñåâåðî-Âîñòî÷íîãî Àëòàÿ(Ðàñïðåäåëåíèå, ÷èñëåííîñòü, ñòðóêòóðà è äèíà-ìèêà íàñåëåíèÿ). Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1973. 374 ñ.

Ðàâêèí Þ.Ñ., Âàðòàïåòîâ Ë.Ã. è äð. Îöåíêàëåòíåé ÷èñëåííîñòè ðåäêèõ è èñ÷åçàþùèõ ïòèöÇàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû. – Ðåñóðñû ðåä-êèõ æèâîòíûõ ÐÑÔÑÐ, èõ îõðàíà è âîñïðîèç-âîäñòâî (Ìàòåðèàëû ê Êðàñíîé êíèãå). Ì., 1988.Ñ. 46–50.

Ðûáåíêî À.Â., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Òîìèëåíêî À.À.,Âàñåíüêîâ Ä.À., Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý. Íîâûå äàí-íûå î ðåäêèõ è íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îõðàíå âèäàõïòèö ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè –Äîêëàä î ñîñòîÿíèè îêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû Íî-âîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè â 2003 ã. Íîâîñèáèðñê,2004. Ñ. 71–72.

Ñåëåâèí Â.À. Î ïòèöàõ îêðåñòíîñòåé Çìåèíî-ãîðñêà. – Uragus. 1928. Êí. VIII. ¹ 3–4. Ñ. 14–18.

Ñåëåâèí Â. À. Äîïîëíåíèå ê îðíèòîôàóíåÏðèàëåéñêîé ñòåïè. – Uragus. 1929. Êí. IX. ¹ 1.Ñ. 15–23.

Ñìåëÿíñêèé È.Ý., Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Åãîðîâà À.Â.,Ãîí÷àðîâà Î., Òîìèëåíêî À.À. Î ñîñòîÿíèè íå-êîòîðûõ íóæäàþùèõñÿ â îõðàíå âèäîâ êðóïíûõïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ â ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ ðîñ-ñèéñêîãî Çàïàäíîãî Àëòàÿ (Àëòàéñêèé êðàé) –Òð. íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè «Èçó-÷åíèå è îõðàíà ãîðíûõ ýêîñèñòåì Þæíîé Ñè-áèðè». Áàðíàóë, 2005, â ïå÷àòè.

Ñóáðåãèîíàëüíàÿ íàöèîíàëüíàÿ ïðîãðàììàäåéñòâèé ïî áîðüáå ñ îïóñòûíèâàíèåì äëÿ Çà-ïàäíîé Ñèáèðè (þã Êóëóíäû Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ,Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè). Âîëãîãðàä, 2000. 234 ñ.

Ôîêñ Í., Áàðòîí Í., Ïîòàïîâ Å. Îõðàíà ñî-êîëà-áàëîáàíà è ñîêîëèíàÿ îõîòà. – ÑòåïíîéÁþëëåòåíü, 2003, ¹ 14. Ñ. 28–33.

Þðëîâ Ê.Ò. Ëåòíÿÿ àâèôàóíà Êóëóíäû. – Áèî-ëîãè÷åñêàÿ è ýïèçîîòîëîãè÷åñêàÿ õàðàêòåðèñòè-êà î÷àãîâ îìñêîé ãåìîððàãè÷åñêîé ëèõîðàäêèÇàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Íîâîñèáèðñê, 1974. Ñ. 22–37.

IUCN Red List, 2004.Karyakin I., Konovalov L., Moshkin A., Pazhenk-

ov A., Smelansky I., Rybenko A. Saker Falcon (Fal-co cherrug) in Russia. – Falco 23, 2004. P. 3–9.

Ýêñïåäèöèîííàÿ ãðóïïàíà Êîëûâàíñêîì õðåáòå.Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The field group on theKolyvan mountain. Photoby I. Karyakin


Îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü ñòåïíûõ ìàññèâîâ, ñî-õðàíÿþùèõñÿ â çàïàäíûõ ïðåäãîðüÿõ Ðóñ-ñêîãî Àëòàÿ, ëåæèò â ïðåäåëàõ 5 àäìèíèñ-òðàòèâíûõ ðàéîíîâ Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ(Ëîêòåâñêèé, Òðåòüÿêîâñêèé, Çìåèíîãîðñ-êèé, Êóðüèíñêèé, Êðàñíîù¸êîâñêèé). Êàêïðàâèëî, ñòåïíûå ñîîáùåñòâà ñîõðàíèëèñüçäåñü áëàãîäàðÿ ïåðåñå÷¸ííîìó ðåëüåôóè êàìåíèñòîé ïî÷âå, îíè ïðèóðî÷åíû êìåëêîñîïî÷íèêàì, ãðÿäîâî-ñîïî÷íûì èñîïî÷íî-óâàëèñòûì ìàññèâàì è ê íèçêî-ãîðüÿì. C ýòèìè ñòåïíûìè ìàññèâàìè ñâÿ-çàíû êðóïíûå ãíåçäîâûå ãðóïïèðîâêè ðÿäàâèäîâ êðóïíûõ ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ (Êàðÿ-êèí è äð., 28 ñòð).

Âñå íàçâàííûå ðàéîíû áûëè ïîñåùåíûíàìè ñ 8 ïî19 ìàÿ è ñ 1 ïî 11 èþëÿ 2005 ã.Ãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîââûÿâëÿëèñü â ïîðÿäêå çàïîëíåíèÿ ïðîáå-ëîâ ïðåäûäóùèõ îáñëåäîâàíèé (2001–2004 ãã.), îñíîâûâàÿñü íà ðàñïîëîæåíèèóæå èçâåñòíûõ ãí¸çä è ðàñïðåäåëåíèèãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ. Ïîèñê ãí¸çäíà ìåñòíîñòè ïðîâîäèëñÿ â õîäå ïåøèõ,ðåæå àâòîìîáèëüíûõ ìàðøðóòîâ, ïðîëî-æåííûõ â ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïàõ.

Îñíîâíûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñëåäóþùèå.

Ñòåïíîé îð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis)Íàíåñåíî íà êàðòó 25 ðàíåå íåèçâåñò-

íûõ ãí¸çä, áîëüøàÿ ÷àñòü èõ îòíîñèòñÿ ê 9ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûì ãíåçäîâûì ó÷àñòêàì, â

ýòîì ãîäó çàíÿòûì. Ïðîâåðåí1 ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê, âïåðâûåâûÿâëåííûé â 2004 ã. (â òåêó-ùåì ãîäó ïóñòóåò). Ïðè îáñëå-äîâàíèè â ìàå â 7 ãí¸çäàõ îò-ìå÷åíû êëàäêè; êàê ïðàâèëî,â êëàäêàõ áûëî 2 ÿéöà (â åäèí-ñòâåííîì ñëó÷àå áûëî îäíî).Îäíàêî â èþëå íå âñòðå÷åíîíè îäíîãî âûâîäêà, â òîì ÷èñ-ëå íà 3 ãí¸çäàõ, ãäå â ìàå áûëèîòìå÷åíû êëàäêè. Â îäíîìñëó÷àå íàéäåíû êîñâåííûå

The raptors in the steppe of the Russian Altai foothills –records 2005

ПЕРНАТЫЕ ХИЩНИКИ СТЕПНЫХ ПРЕДГОРИЙ РУССКОГО АЛТАЯ:НАХОДКИ 2005 ГОДА

I.E. Smelansky (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia)A.A. Tomilenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia)И.Э. Смелянс ий (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)А.А. Томилен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)

The territory of the Altai Kray (Loktevskiy,Tretyakovskiy, Zmeinogorskiy, Kurinskiy,Krasnoschekovskiy districts) has been sur-veyed in 8–19 May and 1–11 July 2005.

Results:

The Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis)A total of 9 new breeding areas were

found on the surveyed territory (25 nests,comprising 7 living nests). All nests werelocated on ground and little rocks. Sixclutches contained 2 eggs and one clutchcontained 1 egg, but in all nests visited inJuly the broods are not found. Partially un-successful breeding of the Steppe Eaglein 2005 was evoked by predation of theEagle Owl.

The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) A total of 7 breeding areas were found

on the surveyed territory (3 new breed-ing areas). A new living nest was foundon pine tree. A total of 6 breeding areasoccupied and 4 with successful breedingwere found on the surveyed territory inthis year. A total of 9 nests were locatedon rocks and 2 nests were located on un-dersized pine trees.

The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)A new active nest located on rock was

found on the surveyed territory in this year.

The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo)Four active breeding areas were found

on the surveyed territory in 2005. Twobroods contained 2 and 3 fledglings.

On the same way four nests of the Kes-trel (Falco tinnunculus) and a nest of theHobby (Falco subbuteo) were found.

The autors thank Pacific Environment(PERC), Hewlett Foundation and WeedenFoundation for financial help.

Êîíòàêò:Èëüÿ ÑìåëÿíñêèéÀíäðåé ÒîìèëåíêîÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêà/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ:(383) 339 78 [email protected]@ngs.ru

Contact:Ilya SmelanskyAndrey TomilenkoNGO SiberianEnvironmental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax: (383) 339 78 [email protected]@ngs.ru

Ãíåçäî ñòåïíîãî îðëà(Aquila nipalensis)(11.05.2005). Ôîòî È.Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The nest of the SteppeEagle (Aquila nipalensis)(11/05/2005). Photo by I.Smelansky


ñâèäåòåëüñòâà òîãî, ÷òî âûâîäîê áûë äîáûòôèëèíîì; åù¸ â îäíîì ñëó÷àå æèëîé ó÷à-ñòîê ñòåïíîãî îðëà, â êîòîðîì â èþëå îò-ñóòñòâîâàë âûâîäîê, âïëîòíóþ ïðèìûêàë êó÷àñòêó ôèëèíà, òàê, ÷òî æèëûå ãí¸çäàîðëà è ôèëèíà áûëè óäàëåíû äðóã îò äðó-ãà íà ðàññòîÿíèå ìåíåå 1 êì. Ïðåäñòàâëÿ-åòñÿ, ÷òî â 2005 ã. óñïåõ ðàçìíîæåíèÿñòåïíîãî îðëà íà îáñëåäîâàííîé òåððè-òîðèè áûë íåîáû÷íî íèçêèì. Âåðîÿòíî,ýòîìó ñïîñîáñòâîâàëî õèùíè÷åñòâî ôèëè-íà. Áîëüøèíñòâî èç îáñëåäîâàííûõ ãí¸çäðàñïîëîæåíû íà çåìëå èëè íåâûñîêèõñêàëüíûõ âûõîäàõ, 6 ãí¸çä – íà óñòóïàõêðóòûõ ñêàëüíûõ ñêëîíîâ ñîïîê.

Áàëîáàí (Falco cherrug)Íàéäåí 1 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûé ãíåçäîâîé

ó÷àñòîê â Çìåèíîãîðñêîì ðàéîíå. Ãíåçäîè ìíîãîëåòíÿÿ ïðèñàäà ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ âíèøàõ ñêàëû íà ãðàíèòíîì áàñòèîíå, âåí-÷àþùåì ãðåáåíü ñîïî÷íîé ãðÿäû.

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo)Âûÿâëåíî 4 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûõ æèëûõ

ó÷àñòêà ôèëèíà. Ïðîâåðåí 1 æèëîé ó÷à-ñòîê, âïåðâûå íàéäåííûé â 2004 ã. – âòåêóùåì ãîäó îòìå÷åíî óñïåøíîå ðàç-ìíîæåíèå. Íà äâóõ ó÷àñòêàõ, ïîñåù¸í-íûõ â èþëå, âñòðå÷åíû ñë¸òêè (2 è 3 íàãíåçäî). Âñå îáñëåäîâàííûå ãí¸çäà èïðèñàäû ðàñïîëàãàëèñü ñðåäè ñêàëüíûõðàçâàëîâ èëè ïîä íàâåñàìè ó îñíîâàíèÿñêàëüíûõ ãðåáåøêîâ. Â îäíîì ñëó÷àå, ãäåæèëîå ãíåçäî íà ó÷àñòêå íàéäåíî íå áûëî,ïðåäïîëîæèëè, ÷òî îíî íàõîäèòñÿ íàîïóøêå óð¸ìíîãî ëåñà ïîä îáæèòûì ôè-ëèíîì ñêëîíîì.

Ïîïóòíî âûÿâëåíî íåñêîëüêî æèëûõãí¸çä íåóãðîæàåìûõ ìåëêèõ ñîêîëîâ (èõèçó÷åíèå íå áûëî íàøåé çàäà÷åé).

Îáûêíîâåííàÿ ïóñòåëüãà(Falco tinnunculus)Îòìå÷åíî 4 ãíåçäà. Äâà ðàñïîëîæåíû íà

äåðåâüÿõ (â äîëèííûõ ëåñêàõ) (íà àìåðè-êàíñêîì êëåíå è íà áåð¸çå â ïîñòðîéêàõâðàíîâûõ), äâà äðóãèõ – â íèøàõ (â îòâåñ-íîé ñòåíêå æèâîãî îâðàãà è â øëàêîáëî÷-íîé ñòåíå íåæèëîãî äîìà âíå íàñåë¸ííî-ãî ïóíêòà). Â 3 ãí¸çäàõ â èþëå íàáëþäàëèñüñë¸òêè – â äâóõ ñëó÷àÿõ 2, â îäíîì – 3 ââûâîäêå.

×åãëîê (Falco subbuteo)Â ìàå îòìå÷åíî 1 ãíåçäî, çàíÿòîå ïàðîé

÷åãëîêîâ (Êóðüèíñêèé ð-í). Îíî áûëî ðàñ-ïîëîæåíî íà áåð¸çå, âåðîÿòíî â ïîñòðîé-êå âîðîíû, â áàéðà÷íîì ëåñêå ïî äîëèíåðó÷üÿ. Èíòåðåñíî, ÷òî â 300 ì îò ýòîãîãíåçäà ðàñïîëàãàëîñü æèëîå ãíåçäî ïóñ-òåëüãè. Êðîìå òîãî, âçðîñëûå ñàìöû ïîäî-ëãó íàáëþäàëèñü â þæíîé ÷àñòè Ëîêòåâñ-êîãî ðàéîíà (â äâóõ ìåñòàõ) è 1 ðàç âÊðàñíîù¸êîâñêîì ðàéîíå.

Ìû áëàãîäàðíû Òèõîîêåàíñêîìó öåíòðóîêðóæàþùåé ñðåäû è ïðèðîäíûõ ðåñóð-ñîâ (Pacific Environment, PERC) è ôîíäóÕüþëåòò, áëàãîäàðÿ ÷üåé ïîääåðæêå ñòàëèâîçìîæíûìè íàøè èññëåäîâàíèÿ óãðîæà-åìûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö â ïðåäãîðüÿõ Àëòàÿ â2005 ã., à òàêæå ôîíäó Âèäåíà, ïîñëåäî-âàòåëüíî ïîääåðæèâàâøåìó íàøó ðàáîòóâ 2001–2004 ãã.

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos)Âûÿâëåíî 3 ðàíåå íåèçâåñòíûõ ãíåçäî-

âûõ ó÷àñòêà, æèëûõ â òåêóùåì ãîäó. Íàîäíîì èç íèõ, â ãíåçäå íà íèçêîé ñîñíå, âìàå îòìå÷åí ïòåíåö, íà äâóõ äðóãèõ ãíåç-äî ñ âûâîäêîì íå íàéäåíî è ïðåäñòàâëÿåò-ñÿ âåðîÿòíûì, ÷òî ðàçìíîæåíèÿ íå áûëî.Òàêæå ïðîâåðåíî 4 ðàíåå èçâåñòíûõ ãíåç-äîâûõ ó÷àñòêà (2 âûÿâëåííûõ â 2003 è 2 –â 2004 ãã.). Èç íèõ òðè îêàçàëèñü çàíÿòûïòèöàìè, ïðè÷¸ì íà äâóõ â èþëå íàáëþäà-ëèñü ñëåòêè. Â öåëîì, â òåêóùåì ãîäó íà-áëþäàëîñü 6 çàíÿòûõ ó÷àñòêîâ áåðêóòà – âÒðåòüÿêîâñêîì (4) è Çìåèíîãîðñêîì (2)

ðàéîíàõ êðàÿ. Èç îáñëåäî-âàííûõ 11 ãí¸çä 9 ðàñïîëàãà-ëèñü íà êðóòîñêëîííûõ ñêà-ëàõ, 2 ãíåçäà – íà íèçêèõ(îêîëî 4 ì) ñîñíàõ, îäèíî÷-íî ðàñòóùèõ íà êðóòûõ ñêàëü-íûõ ñêëîíàõ. Êðîìå òîãî,âçðîñëûõ ïòèö íåîäíîêðàòíîîòìå÷àëè (â ìàå) â äîëèíå ð.×àðûø þæíåå ñ. Ìàðàëèõà(Êðàñíîù¸êîâñêèé ð-í), íîõàðàêòåð èõ ïðåáûâàíèÿçäåñü íå îïðåäåë¸í.

Ïòåíåö áåðêóòà (Aquilachrysaetos) â ãíåçäå(18.05.2005). Ôîòî È.Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The chick of the GoldenEagle (Aquila chrysaetos)on a nest (18/05/2005).Photo by I. Smelansky

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà (Bubobubo) (09.07.2005).Ôîòî È. Ñìåëÿíñêîãî

The fledgling of the Ea-gle Owl (Bubo bubo)(09/07/2005). Photo by I.Smelansky


26 èþëÿ – 2 àâãóñòà 2002 ã. â ðàìêàõ ïðî-åêòà Ñèáýêîöåíòðà àâòîðàìè áûëà ïðîâå-äåíà ýêñïåäèöèÿ, öåëüþ êîòîðîé ÿâëÿëàñüèíâåíòàðèçàöèÿ ðåäêèõ âèäîâ ïòèö, â ïåð-âóþ î÷åðåäü õèùíûõ. Ìàðøðóò ýêñïåäè-öèè ïðîø¸ë ïî ð. Áåðäü îò ä. Ïàéâèíî Ìàñ-ëÿíèíñêîãî ðàéîíà äî ï. Ñòàðûé ÈñêèòèìÈñêèòèìñêîãî ðàéîíà è ñîñòàâèë 119,6 êì.Ãðóïïà ñïëàâëÿëàñü íà êàðêàñíîé áàéäàð-êå «Òàéìåíü–2» â ñöåïêå ñ íàäóâíîé ðåçè-íîâîé ëîäêîé, ïðîõîäÿ â äåíü â ñðåäíåì14,9 (4,2 – 26,8) êì. Íàðÿäó ñ âîäíûìèìàðøðóòàìè ïðîâîäèëèñü ïåøèå îáñëåäî-âàíèÿ òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ è ïðèðå÷íûõñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèé. Îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæåí-íîñòü ïåøèõ ìàðøðóòîâ ñîñòàâèëà 9,7 êì,èç êîòîðûõ 6,6 êì ïî òåððàñíûì áîðàì.

12 – 25 èþíÿ 2003 ã. ñïëàâ íà äàííîìó÷àñòêå ð. Áåðäü áûë ïîâòîðåí ñ öåëüþìîíèòîðèíãà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ õèùíûõïòèö ãðóïïîé ïîä ðóêîâîäñòâîì À.Â. Ðû-áåíêî, â êîòîðóþ âîøëè òàêæå ÷ëåíû Ñè-áýêîöåíòðà Ä.À. Âàñåíüêîâ è À.À. Òîìè-ëåíêî è ñîòðóäíèê Ýêîöåíòðà «Äðîíò» (Í.Íîâãîðîä) Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ.

17 – 23 èþëÿ 2003 ã. ïðîâåäåíî ïåøååè êîííîå îáñëåäîâàíèå íåêîòîðûõ ó÷àñ-òêîâ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü À.Â. Ðûáåíêî è Í.Â.Ïðèéäàê.

Ñáîð è îáðàáîòêà ìàòåðèàëà ïî ÷èñëåí-íîñòè âèäîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëèñü ïî ìåòîäèêåÈ.Â. Êàðÿêèíà (1996, 2000). Â ñîîòâåò-ñòâèè ñ ìåòîäèêîé â õîäå ìàðøðóòîâ ðå-ãèñòðèðîâàëèñü âñå âñòðå÷åííûå äíåâíûåõèùíûå ïòèöû íà îáñëåäóåìîé òåððèòî-ðèè. Äëÿ êàæäîé âñòðå÷åííîé ïòèöû îï-ðåäåëÿëîñü ðàññòîÿíèå îò íàáëþäàòåëÿ äîïòèöû â ïåðâûé ìîìåíò ðåãèñòðàöèè (äàëü-íîñòü îáíàðóæåíèÿ). Äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ïëîòíî-ñòè äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà âû÷èñëÿëàñü ñðåäíÿÿäàëüíîñòü îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïî ñîâîêóïíîñòè

New data of distribution and number of some birds of prey andowls on the right bank of the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district

НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ ПО РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЮ И ЧИСЛЕННОСТИНЕКОТОРЫХ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦ И СОВ В ОБСКОМ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖЬЕНОВОСИБИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

I.V. Karyakin (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia)A.V. Rybenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia)E.G. Nikolenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia)И.В. Каря ин (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия)А.В. Рыбен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)Э.Г. Ни олен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)

The territory of the Berd’ river valley inthe Novosibirsk district has been surveyedin 26 June – 2 August 2002, 12 – 25 June2003 and 17 – 23 July 2003.

The Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)Three nests were found in the Berd’ rivervalley and one was in the Bol’shoy El’bashriver valley. The all nests were located onpines. Density of the Golden Eagle is esti-mated as 0,05 pair per 1 km2 of the rivervalley. Average distance between nests was4,15 km. A total of 10 pairs (7–12) are esti-mated for the Berd’ river valley, 63 pairs(50–70) – for the Salair mountains. At wholea total of 70 breeding pairs are projectedfor the right bank of the Ob’ river in theNovosibirsk district.

The Booted Eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus)There was the first registration for the Nov-osibirsk district. The nest was found in 28July 2002 on a poplar, 1 adult was recordedin 1 August 2002.

The Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus)including of which in the Red Data Book ofthe Novosibirsk district was failed. This isthe common species in the Berd’ river val-ley. The frequency of recording was 8,36individuals 100 km of the river. The densitywas 26,76 individuals per 100 km2 of theriver valley or 21,41 pairs per 100 km2 ofthe river valley. A total of 76,46 pairs (70,61– 81,06 pairs) are estimated in the Berd’ rivervalley. The maximal density was recordedin pine forests along the Berd’ (there was0,31 pairs per km2 of forest). The total of2659 breeding pairs (2373 – 2765) are esti-mated for the right bank of the Ob’ river inthe Novosibirsk district.

Êîíòàêò:Èãîðü ÊàðÿêèíÖåíòð ïîëåâûõèññëåäîâàíèé603000 ÐîññèÿÍèæíèé Íîâãîðîäóë. Êîðîëåíêî, 17a–17òåë.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Àíàñòàñèÿ ÐûáåíêîÝëüâèðà ÍèêîëåíêîÌÁÎÎ «Ñèáèðñêèéýêîëîãè÷åñêèé öåíòð»630090 ÐîññèÿÍîâîñèáèðñêà/ÿ 547òåë./ôàêñ:(383) 339 78 [email protected]@ecoclub.nsu.ru

Contact:Igor KaryakinCenter of Field StudiesKorolenko str., 17a–17Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]

Anastasia RybenkoElvira NikolenkoNGO SiberianEnviromental CenterP.O. Box 547Novosibirsk630090 Russiatel./fax: (383) 339 78 [email protected]@ecoclub.nsu.ru


The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)was registered on the right bank of the Ob’river in the Novosibirsk district at first forlast 50 years. In the Berd’ valley the Per-egrine Falcon was registered to breed onlyin the Salair mountains, where river cliffslocated. Three breeding areas were found.Distances between breeding areas were 2,0and 6,5 km. A total of 4–6 breeding pairsare estimated for the Berd’ valley and 7–13pairs – for the whole right bank of the Ob’river in the Novosibirsk district.

The Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) was foundto breed in the Berd’ valley. The fragmentof the river valley (total length of which was32,63 km) was surveyed for detailed re-search of the breeding. Five breeding areaswere found on the fragment. At whole 6areas were found, four, from which wereactive. Nesting was registered on 2 areas,but only at one it was successful. Averagedistance between breeding areas was 4,4km (2,4 – 6,0 km). A total of 15 – 20 areestimated for the Salair mountains in theNovosibirsk district, and 10 – 12 pair fromwhich breed in the Berd’ valley.

The Scops Owl (Otus scops) is commonbreeding species of the Berd’ valley. Bypoint counts in 2002 21 adults were regis-tered on 14 breeding areas. Average densi-ty was 3,82 individuals per km2 or 2,55 pairsper km2. A total of 372 pairs (334 – 410pairs) are estimated for the Berd’ valley(145,96 km2) and 818 pairs (735 – 902) –for river valleys of the Salair mountains. Thetotal number are estimated to breed nomore than 2000 pairs for the right bank ofthe Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district.

The Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium passeri-num) is common breeding species of theBerd’ valley. During night counts only 4adults were recorded on 4 areas. Averagedensity for Berd’ valley was 0,73 pairs perkm2. On transect lines density was pairs perkm2 of pine and pine-birch forests on rocks.A total of 260 breeding pairs are estimatedin the Berd’ valley. Under average densityof 2,15 pairs per km2 a total of 2798 breed-ing pairs (2250 – 2976 pairs) are estimatedin forests of the Salair mountains (includingthe Berd’ valley). A total of 2000 pairs areprojected to breed in forests of the Salairmountains, and 4000–5000 pairs breed inthe right bank of the Ob’ river in the Nov-osibirsk district.

ðåãèñòðàöèé. Ðàñ÷¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòè êàæäî-ãî âèäà â¸ëñÿ íà òå ëàíäøàôòû, â êîòîðûõðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñü ïòèöû äàííîãî âèäà.×èñëåííîñòü îáû÷íûõ âèäîâ îöåíèâàëàñüèñõîäÿ èç èõ ïëîòíîñòè, ïîëó÷åííîé â õîäåó÷¸òîâ íà ìàðøðóòàõ è ïëîùàäêàõ. Äëÿðåäêèõ õèùíûõ ïòèö ïðè ëîêàëèçàöèè èõãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ ïðåäïðèíèìàëèñü ïî-ïûòêè íàéòè ãíåçäà, çà èñêëþ÷åíèåì òåõäíåé, êîãäà ïîãîäà íå ïîçâîëÿëà ýòîãî ñäå-ëàòü. Â äàëüíåéøåì ðàñ÷¸ò ÷èñëåííîñòèðåäêèõ âèäîâ îñóùåñòâëÿëñÿ ÃÈÑ-ìåòîäîì,èñõîäÿ èç ïëîùàäè ãíåçäîâûõ òåððèòîðèé.Â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ ïðè âûÿâëåíèè è ó÷¸òåñêðûòíûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö, â ÷àñòíîñòè îñîå-äà, èñïîëüçîâàëè èìèòàöèþ âèäîñïåöèôè-÷åñêèõ òåððèòîðèàëüíûõ ñèãíàëîâ. Ñîâû(êðîìå ôèëèíà) ó÷èòûâàëèñü íà òî÷êàõ âìåñòàõ íî÷åâîê ãðóïïû.

Áåðêóò (Aquila chrysaetos) âèçóàëüíîðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ òîëüêî íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêàõ, ïîñëå îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãí¸çä â õîäå èõïîñåùåíèÿ.

Íà îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ð.Áåðäü ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòà óñòàíîâëåíîòîëüêî â ïðåäåëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãîêðÿæà (ðèñ. 1): 2 ãíåçäà îáíàðóæåíû íàòåððèòîðèè Ìàñëÿíèíñêîãî ðàéîíà è 1ãíåçäî – â Èñêèòèìñêîì ðàéîíå. Âñå ãíåç-äà áûëè ìíîãîëåòíèìè è æèëûìè, îäíàêîäåòàëüíî îáñëåäîâàòü óäàëîñü ëèøü îäíî.Äâà äðóãèõ îñòàëèñü íå îñìîòðåíû èç-çàïðîëèâíîãî äîæäÿ è ëèìèòà âðåìåíè. Ðàñ-ñòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãí¸çäàìè ñîñòàâèëî 5,0 è3,3 êì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

Âñå ãí¸çäà áûëè ïðèóðî÷åíû ê âåðõíåéòðåòè êðóòûõ ñêàëèñòûõ ñêëîíîâ ðå÷íîéäîëèíû â ïîâîðîòàõ ðåêè, òàêèì îáðàçîì,÷òî ñ íèõ îòêðûâàëñÿ âèä íà âñþ èçëó÷è-íó. Òî åñòü ïòèöà, ñèäÿùàÿ íà ãíåçäå èëèíà ïðèñàäå áëèç íåãî èìåëà âîçìîæíîñòüâèäåòü âñþ ðå÷íóþ äîëèíó âûøå è íèæåãíåçäà. Â òî æå âðåìÿ ëèøü îäíî ãíåçäîõîðîøî ïðîñìàòðèâàëîñü ñ ðåêè. Ýòî ãíåç-äî âûÿâëåíî 29 èþëÿ 02 ã. (ðèñ. 1, ò. 1).Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñóõîé ñîñíå áëèæå

Ðèñ. 1. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ áåðêóòà (Aquilachrysaetos) íà îáñëåäî-âàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíûð. Áåðäü

Fig. 1. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theGolden Eagle (Aquilachrysaetos) on the sur-veyed plot of the Berd’River valley


ê ñåðåäèíå ñòâîëà â íèæíåé òðåòè êðîíûíà áîêîâûõ âåòâÿõ íà âûñîòå 14 ì è èìåëîïîäë¸ò ñî ñòîðîíû ðåêè. Èç ýòîãî ãíåçäà,ñêîðåå âñåãî â íà÷àëå èþëÿ, âûëåòåëè 2ñë¸òêà (ñàìåö è ñàìêà). Â ìîìåíò ïîñåùå-íèÿ ãíåçäîâîãî ó÷àñòêà îáà ñë¸òêà ñèäåëèâ 200–300 ì îò ãíåçäà ó ñàìîãî óðåçà âîäûíà óòîïòàííîé ñðåäè êàìûøà ïëîùàäêåâîçëå îñòàòêîâ äîáû÷è. Ñàìåö ñëåòåë ñðà-çó æå ïðè ïðèáëèæåíèè íàáëþäàòåëåé èñåë íà áåð¸çó â 200-õ ì, à ñàìêó óäàëîñüïîéìàòü. Ïåðî ðóëåé è ìàõîâûõ áûëî ïîë-íîñòüþ ñôîðìèðîâàíî.

30 èþëÿ 02 ã. áûëè îáíàðó-æåíû äâà äðóãèõ ãíåçäà áåð-êóòîâ. Îäíî (ðèñ. 1, ò. 2) ðàñ-ïîëàãàëîñü íà æèâîé ñîñíå âðàçâèëêå â âåðõíåé òðåòèñòâîëà â íèæíåé ÷àñòè êðîíûíà âûñîòå 20 ì è èìåëî ïîä-ë¸ò ñî ñòîðîíû âîäîðàçäåëà.Ñî ñòîðîíû ðåêè ïîñòðîéêàáûëà ÷àñòè÷íî ñêðûòà âåòâÿ-ìè êðîíû. Íàïðîòèâ ãíåçäà,íà ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîì áåðåãóðåêè áûëè ðàñïîëîæåíû ñå-íîêîñ è ñòîÿíêà òóðèñòîâ.Îäíàêî ýòî íå ïîìåøàëî ïòè-öàì. Â ãíåçäå, ñóäÿ ïî åãî ñî-ñòîÿíèþ è îáèëèþ ïóõà, áûëèñë¸òêè, êîòîðûå âûëåòåëè íà2 íåäåëè ðàíüøå, ÷åì íà ïðå-äûäóùåì ãíåçäå. Äðóãîå ãíåç-

äî (ðèñ. 1, ò. 3) ðàñïîëàãàëîñü òàêæå íàæèâîé ñîñíå â îñíîâàíèè ìîùíûõ áîêî-âûõ âåòâåé â ñåðåäèíå ñòâîëà â íèæíåé÷àñòè êðîíû íà âûñîòå 15 ì è èìåëî ïîä-ë¸ò ñî ñòîðîíû ëîãà, âûõîäÿùåãî ê ðåêå.

Ñìåøàííûé ëåñ íà ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêàõáûë ðàçðåæåí, è, âèäèìî, ïðîéäåí íèçî-âûìè ïîæàðàìè. Íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå,îáíàðóæåííîì 29.07.02 ã., íèçîâîé ïî-æàð ïðîø¸ë â ïðîøëîì ãîäó, â ðåçóëüòàòå÷åãî ñîñíà óñîõëà, îäíàêî ïòèöû óñïåøíîðàçìíîæàëèñü, íåñìîòðÿ íà ïðîèçîøåä-øèå èçìåíåíèÿ.

Â 2003 ã. íà âñåõ ó÷àñòêàõ áåðêóòîâ âäîëèíå ð. Áåðäü óñïåøíîãî ðàçìíîæåíèÿíå çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî, õîòÿ âçðîñëûå ïòè-öû íàõîäèëèñü áëèç ãí¸çä. Âåðîÿòíî, ïðè-÷èíîé ýòîãî ÿâèëñÿ ôàêòîð áåñïîêîéñòâà– â íà÷àëå àïðåëÿ áëèç ãí¸çä ïðîâîäèëèñüâûáîðî÷íûå ðóáêè.

Âñå ïîñòðîéêè ðàñïîëàãàëèñü íà ñòàðûõ25–30-òè ìåòðîâûõ ñîñíàõ, âîçâûøàþùèõ-ñÿ íàä îêðóæàþùèìè èõ, áîëüøåé ÷àñòüþìåëêîëèñòâåííûìè, äåðåâüÿìè. Èíòåðåñ-íî òî, ÷òî â ñòàðûõ ÷èñòûõ ñîñíîâûõ ëå-ñàõ ñ áîëüøåé ñîìêíóòîñòüþ êðîí è ìåíü-

øèì ïðèñóòñòâèåì ìåëêîëèñòâåííûõ ïîðîäáåðêóòû â äîëèíå Áåðäè íà ãíåçäîâàíèèíå îáíàðóæåíû. Ñëåäîâàòåëüíî, äëÿ äàí-íîé ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêè íàëè÷èå ó÷à-ñòêà ñòàðîãî ñîñíîâîãî ëåñà íå ÿâëÿåòñÿîáÿçàòåëüíûì. Îáÿçàòåëüíî ëèøü íàëè÷èåãðóïïû ìàÿ÷íûõ ñîñåí ñðåäè ðàçðåæåí-íîãî ñìåøàííîãî ëåñà íà êðóòîñêëîíå äî-ëèíû. Ñèëüíàÿ êðóòèçíà ñêëîíà, øèðîêèéîáçîð è íàëè÷èå îòêðûòûõ ïðîñòðàíñòâ âïðåäåëàõ òåððèòîðèè, îáîçðåâàåìîé ñãíåçäà, ÿâëÿþòñÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûìè êðèòåðè-ÿìè â âûáîðå îðëàìè ìåñòà ãíåçäîâàíèÿ.Ïîäòâåðæäåíèåì äàííûõ êðèòåðèåâ ìîæåòñëóæèòü ãíåçäî áåðêóòà íà ð. Á. Åëáàø,îáíàðóæåííîå â 1995 ã. â õîäå îïåðàöèè«×¸ðíûé àèñò», ïðîâîäèìîé ÝêîêëóáîìÍÃÓ. Îíî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà ñêëîíå áîðòàðå÷íîé äîëèíû ñðåäè áåð¸çîâîãî ìåëêî-ëåñüÿ â âåðõíåé òðåòè êðîíû êðóïíîé ñî-ñíû â ðàçâèëêå ñòâîëà íà âûñîòå 18 ì èáûëî ñêðûòî îò íàáëþäåíèÿ ñíèçó. Ýòîãíåçäî îêàçàëîñü çàíÿòûì â 2003 ã. (ðèñ.1, ò. 4), ÷òî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î êàê ìèíè-ìóì 10-òè ëåòíåì ãíåçäîâàíèè áåðêóòà íàîäíîé è òîé æå ñîñíå.

Â ïèòàíèè ìåñòíûõ áåðêóòîâ, ñóäÿ ïîîñòàòêàì ïèùè (n=13), ñîáðàííûì ïîäãíåçäîì è ïðèñàäîé, â ðàâíûõ ïðîïîðöè-ÿõ äîìèíèðóþò ìëåêîïèòàþùèå (76,9 %):ñåðûé ñóðîê (Marmota baibacina) è çàÿö-áåëÿê (Lepus timidus) – ïî 38,5 %. Â êà÷å-ñòâå âòîðîñòåïåííûõ êîðìîâ ôèãóðèðóþòïòèöû (23,1 %) – âðàíîâûå (15,4 %) è òå-òåðåâèíûå (7,7 %).

Íàëè÷èå ïîñåëåíèé ñóðêà ïî äîëèíå ð.Áåðäü ÿâëÿåòñÿ îïðåäåëÿþùèì ôàêòîðîìâûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòè áåðêóòà. Ñóðîê çäåñüïðèóðî÷åí íå òîëüêî ê îñòåïí¸ííûì ñêëîíàì,íî è â äîâîëüíî áîëüøîì êîëè÷åñòâå âñòðå-÷àåòñÿ â áîðàõ ïî ñêëîíàì äîëèíû è ïî ïå-ðèôåðèè ñåíîêîñíûõ óãîäèé íà òåððàñàõ.

Ïî-âèäèìîìó, â îòðîãàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãîêðÿæà íà òåððèòîðèè Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáå-ðåæüÿ â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ñîõðàíÿ-åòñÿ äîâîëüíî êðóïíàÿ ãíåçäîâàÿ ãðóïïè-ðîâêà áåðêóòîâ. Àíàëèç ëàíäøàôòîâäàííîé òåððèòîðèè â ÃÈÑ ïîçâîëèë âûÿ-âèòü çäåñü áîëüøîå êîëè÷åñòâî àíàëîãîâãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ òåððèòîðèé. Ó÷èòûâàÿ,÷òî ãíåçäîâàíèå áåðêóòà óñòàíîâëåíî è íàâòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ ð. Áåðäü, â ÷àñ-òíîñòè íà ð. Á. Åëáàø, à òàêæå ïî ñêëîíàìãîð Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà âíå äîëèí, â ÷àñò-íîñòè ó ñ. Ñòàðîãóòîâî (Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íî-âîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, 2000), áóäåò ïðàâî-ìî÷íûì ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûåíà âñþ òåððèòîðèþ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà ñ

Ìîëîäîé áåðêóò (Aquilachrysaetos), îêîëî ãíåç-äà (29.07.2002).Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Juveni le of theGolden Eagle (Aquilachrysaetos), near the nest(29/07/2002). Photo byI. Karyakin


ÿðêî âûðàæåííûì ïåðåñå÷¸ííûì ðåëüå-ôîì ñ íåêîòîðûìè ïîïðàâêàìè.

×àñòîòà îáíàðóæåíèÿ ãí¸çä áåðêóòà âäîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ñîñòàâèëà 2,5 ãíåçäà íà100 êì âîäíîãî ìàðøðóòà. Ïëîòíîñòü áåð-êóòà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ãí¸çäàì (íàéäåííîåãíåçäî ïðèðàâíèâàëîñü ê ïàðå ïòèö), îï-ðåäåëåíà â 0,05 ïàð/êì2 äîëèíû ïðè ñðåä-íåé äàëüíîñòè îáíàðóæåíèÿ 500 ì (îò 200äî 800 ì). Ãðóáî ýêñòðàïîëèðóÿ ýòè äàííûåíà ïëîùàäü äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü (357,19 êì2),ïîëó÷àåì â ñðåäíåì 17,8 (12,5–22,2) ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Îäíàêî öèôðà ýòà äëÿ äîëè-

íû ð. Áåðäü çàâûøåííàÿ, òàêêàê ïðîöåíò ãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõáèîòîïîâ â îáñëåäîâàííîé÷àñòè ðå÷íîé äîëèíû â 1,9 ðàçâûøå, ÷åì íà âñåì ïðîòÿæå-íèè ðåêè. Òàêèì îáðàçîì,ââåäÿ ïîïðàâêó íà ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíîñòü, ïîëó÷àåì 9,4 (6,6–11,7) ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð äëÿäîëèíû ð. Áåðäü.

Êàðòèðîâàíèå ãí¸çä ïîêàçà-ëî, ÷òî ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäóíèìè ñîñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì4,15 êì íà ñèëüíî ïåðåñå÷¸í-íûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Òàêèì îáðàçîìíà 1 ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 17,22êì2, ïðè÷¸ì â íàèáîëåå îï-òèìàëüíûõ óñëîâèÿõ äëÿ ãíåç-äîâàíèÿ âèäà. Ýêñòðàïîëèðî-âàòü ýòè äàííûå íà âñþ

òåððèòîðèþ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà íåëüçÿ,òàê êàê íà áîëüøåé å¸ ÷àñòè óñëîâèÿ äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà ìåíåå îïòèìàëüíûå,è âîçíèêàåò ÿâíàÿ îïàñíîñòü ñèëüíî çàâû-ñèòü ðàñ÷¸òíóþ ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà. Äëÿ ýòî-ãî áûëà ïðåäïðèíÿòà ïîïûòêà ïðîâåñòèýêñòðàïîëÿöèþ íà ïëîùàäü, áëèçêóþ ïîñâîèì ïîêàçàòåëÿì ê ó÷¸òíîé.

Ó÷àñòîê äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü îò ñ. Êèíòåðåïäî ñ. Ñòàðîñîñåäîâî, ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ34,74 êì, áûë îáñëåäîâàí äîñòàòî÷íî õî-ðîøî íà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ áåðêóòà.Çäåñü äîëèíà ðåêè óçêàÿ, å¸ êðóòîñêëîíûè óñòüåâûå ó÷àñòêè âïàäàþùèõ ëîãîâ ïîë-íîñòüþ ïðîñìàòðèâàþòñÿ ñ äîìèíèðóþùèõâûñîò, â ñâÿçè ñ ÷åì ïðîïóñê ãí¸çä äîë-æåí áûòü ìèíèìàëåí. Ò.å. ñ îïðåäåëåííîéäîëåé âåðîÿòíîñòè ìîæíî ãîâîðèòü î ïîë-íîì îáñëåäîâàíèè ýòîãî ó÷àñòêà ïðèìåíè-ìî ê áåðêóòó. Èìåííî íà ýòîé òåððèòî-ðèè ìû âûñòðîèëè ìîäåëü äëÿ äàëüíåéøåéýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ïëîòíîñòè âèäà, âçÿâ çà îñ-íîâó äëÿ ðàñ÷¸òà ãíåçäîâîé ïëîòíîñòè áåð-êóòà â àíàëîãè÷íûõ óñëîâèÿõ ïëîùàäü ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíîé òåððèòîðèè, ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿíà ïàðó, êîòîðàÿ îõâàòûâàåò äîëèíó è ïðè-

ëåãàþùèå âîäîðàçäåëû äî èõ îñåâîé ÷àñ-òè. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü äàííîé òåððèòîðèèñîñòàâèëà 276,93 êì2, èç íèõ íà ëåñîïîê-ðûòóþ ÷àñòü ïðèõîäèòñÿ 152,12 êì2 (54,93%). 35,00 êì2 çàíèìàåò äîëèíà ðåêè (12,64%). 3 ïàðû áåðêóòîâ, ãíåçäÿùèåñÿ â äîëè-íå, çàíèìàþò ó÷àñòîê ïëîùàäüþ 51,66 êì2

(92,31 êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè âûäåëåííîéòåððèòîðèè). Íà 1 ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 30,77êì2 îáùåé ïëîùàäè è 50,71 êì2 ëåñîïîê-ðûòîé. Ãíåçäîâàÿ òåððèòîðèÿ (17,22 êì2)ñîñòàâëÿåò 55,96 % îò îáùåé ïëîùàäè,ïðèõîäÿùåéñÿ íà ïàðó áåðêóòîâ.

Òåððèòîðèÿ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, îòâå-÷àþùàÿ òðåáîâàíèÿì äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿáåðêóòà è èìåþùàÿ àíàëîãè÷íûå ó÷¸òíîéïðîöåíòíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ïî ëåñîïîê-ðûòîñòè, îñâîåííîñòè è ðåëüåôó, çàíè-ìàåò ïëîùàäü 3193,32 êì2. Âîçìîæíàÿ÷èñëåííîñòü ãíåçäîâîé ãðóïïèðîâêèáåðêóòà íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ïî íàøèìðàñ÷¸òàì ñîñòàâëÿåò 62,97 (51,11–70,35)ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Íà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíóþäëÿ áåðêóòà ÷àñòü äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü è ïðè-äîëèííûõ êîìïëåêñîâ (âòîðîñòåïåííûåïðèòîêè è ïðèëåãàþùèå âîäîðàçäåëû)ïðèõîäèòñÿ 553,86 êì2, ãäå ÷èñëåííîñòüáåðêóòà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè îöåíèâàåòñÿ âñðåäíåì â 10,92 (8,86–12,20) ïàð, ÷òî ñî-ñòàâëÿåò â ñðåäíåì 17,34 % îò îáùåé ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè áåðêóòà, ðàññ÷èòàííîé äëÿ âû-äåëåííîé ïëîùàäè Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà.Ïðè÷¸ì äëÿ ýòîé òåððèòîðèè óæå óñòàíîâ-ëåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå 4-õ ïàð. Îöåíêè ÷èñëåí-íîñòè, ïîëó÷åííûå ïðè ýêñòðàïîëÿöèèìàðøðóòíûõ ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ ñ ïîïðàâêîéíà ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîñòü, è ðàñ÷¸ò ïî ïëîùà-äÿì äàþò áëèçêèå ïîêàçàòåëè, ïîýòîìó ìûïðèíèìàåì èõ êàê äîñòîâåðíûå. Èñõîäÿ èçýòîãî ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà íà ãíåçäîâàíèèâ äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü îöåíèâàåòñÿ íàìè â 10(7–12) ïàð, íà Ñàëàèðñêîì êðÿæå â öåëîì– â 63 (50–70) ïàðû. Ìîæíî ïðåäïîëî-æèòü, ÷òî îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü áåðêóòà âÎáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå â ïðåäåëàõ Íîâî-ñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò êàê ìèíè-ìóì 70 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïàð.

Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus)îòìå÷åí âïåðâûå äëÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îá-ëàñòè.

28 èþëÿ 02 ã. â ïîéìå ð. Áåðäü íèæå ñ.Êèíòåðåï íàìè áûëà âñòðå÷åíà âçðîñëàÿïòèöà, ïàðèâøàÿ íàä ðåêîé è ïðèëåãàþùèìó÷àñòêîì ïîéìû íà âûñîòå îêîëî 80 ì.×åðåç íåêîòîðîå âðåìÿ â 1,36 êì íèæåïî òå÷åíèþ áûëî îáíàðóæåíî æèëîå ãíåç-äî îðëà-êàðëèêà (ðèñ. 2, ò. 1). Îíî ðàñïî-ëàãàëîñü â ðàçâèëêå òîïîëÿ â ñåðåäèíå ñòâî-

Ãíåçäî áåðêóòà íà ìàÿ÷-íîé ñîñíå ñðåäè ñìå-øàííîãî ëåñà. Ôîòî À.Ðûáåíêî

The nest of the GoldenEagle on the emergentpine tree among a mixedforest. Photo by A. Ry-benko


ëà íà âûñîòå 11–12 ì. Òîïîëü ñ ãíåçäîâîéïîñòðîéêîé ðàñïîëàãàëñÿ â ãðóïïå òîïîëåé,âûòÿíóâøèõñÿ óçêîé 20-òè ìåòðîâîé ïîëî-ñîé â 50 ì îò ðóñëà ðåêè íà ñóõîì, íåñêîëü-êî âîçâûøåííîì ó÷àñòêå. 01 àâãóñòà 02 ã.îð¸ë-êàðëèê (ðèñ. 2, ò. 2) íàáëþäàëñÿ âïîéìå ð. Áåðäü âûøå ñ. Ñ. Èñêèòèì. Â ìî-ìåíò ðåãèñòðàöèè (îêîëî 21.00 ÷àñà) ïòè-öà ñèäåëà íà òîïîëå, íà ìîùíûõ âåòâÿõíèæíåé ÷àñòè êðîíû, â 10 ì îò ðóñëà ðåêè.Ïîïûòêè íàéòè ãíåçäî â äàííîì ñëó÷àå íåïðåäïðèíèìàëèñü èç-çà ëèìèòà âðåìåíè.

Ïîëó÷åííûå äàííûå ïîçâîëÿþò âíåñòèîðëà-êàðëèêà â ñïèñîê ãíåçäÿùèõñÿ ïòèöÍîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. Âèäèìî, áàññåéí

Íà ð. Áåðäü â õîäå âîäíîãî ìàðøðóòàîñîåä íàáëþäàëñÿ ñ ÷àñòîòîé 8,36 îñîáåé(6,69 ðåãèñòðàöèé) íà 100 êì. Îáû÷íîíàáëþäàëèñü îäèíî÷íûå âçðîñëûå ïòèöû,ïîäìàíåííûå íà èìèòàöèþ âèäîñïåöèôè-÷åñêîãî ãîëîñîâîãî ñèãíàëà, â ïîèñêîâîìïîë¸òå íàä ïîéìîé èëè ñèäÿùèå íà ïðèñà-äàõ íà êðàéíèõ äåðåâüÿõ ïî ïåðèôåðèèïîëÿí âäîëü ðóñëà. Ðåæå âñòðå÷àëèñü ïàðû,îêðèêèâàþùèå èëè ãîíÿþùèå ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ äðóãîãî âèäà, êàê ïðàâèëî, êîð-øóíîâ (Milvus migrans). Ïëîòíîñòü îñîåäà,ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì âñòðå÷, îï-ðåäåëåíà â 26,76 îñîáåé/100 êì2 äîëèíûèëè 21,41 ïàð/100 êì2 äîëèíû, ïðè ñðåä-íåé äàëüíîñòè îáíàðóæåíèÿ 312,5 ì (îò100 äî 600 ì). Ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïîëÿöèÿ ó÷¸ò-íûõ äàííûõ íà ïëîùàäü ðå÷íîé äîëèíû(357,19 êì2) ïîçâîëÿåò îöåíèòü ÷èñëåííîñòüîñîåäà â 76,46 (70,61–81,06) ïàð. Íàì ïðåä-ñòàâëÿåòñÿ ýòà öèôðà íåñêîëüêî çàâûøåí-íîé, ÷òî ñâÿçàíî ñ äâóìÿ ôàêòîðàìè: ñõî-æåñòüþ ýòîãî âèäà ñ êàíþêîì (ïî ýòîéïðè÷èíå âñå äàëüíèå ðåãèñòðàöèè, êîòîðûåáûëî òðóäíî èäåíòèôèöèðîâàòü, âûïóñêà-ëèñü èç âèäà) è ïðèóðî÷åííîñòüþ ê ðóñëóâñòðå÷ îõîòèâøèõñÿ îñîåäîâ, ãíåçäÿùèõñÿíà òåððàñå. Êàê ñëåäñòâèå – íåáîëüøàÿøèðèíà ó÷¸òíîé ïîëîñû ýòîãî âèäà, çàâû-øàþùàÿ ðåàëüíûå ïîêàçàòåëè ïëîòíîñòè.

Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ ïëîòíîñòü îñîåäà îòìå÷å-íà â òåððàñíûõ áîðàõ ð. Áåðäü, â ñâÿçè ñ÷åì î÷àãè íàèáîëüøåé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäàëåæàò â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû, ò.å. çàïðåäåëàìè îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà: íàó÷àñòêå ñ. Ìàñëÿíèíî – ñ. Êèíòåðåï è ñ. Ñòà-ðîñîñåäîâî – ã. Èñêèòèì. Òàì æå, ãäå ìåñò-íîñòü ñèëüíî ïåðåñå÷¸ííàÿ, ïëîòíîñòü îñî-åäà ïàäàåò. Ïîíÿòü, ñ ÷åì ýòî ñâÿçàíî, íåóäàëîñü; ýòî óäèâèòåëüíî, îñîáåííî â ñâÿçèñ òåì, ÷òî íàèáîëüøåå ÷èñëî ðåãèñòðàöèé èãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêîâ äàæå â ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòèäîëèíû ïðèóðî÷åíî ê ýëåìåíòàì âåðòè-êàëüíîãî ðàñ÷ëåíåíèÿ ðåëüåôà (ñêëîíûäîëèíû, ëîãà). Ïîìèìî áîðîâ, îñîåä íà-áëþäàëñÿ â ñìåøàííîì ñîñíîâî-áåð¸çîâîìçàáîëî÷åííîì ëåñó ïîéìû è ÷èñòîì áåðåç-íÿêå ïî ïîëîãîìó ñêëîíó äîëèíû (ïî 9,1 %ðåãèñòðàöèé ïðè n=11).

Â îäíîì èç òåððàñíûõ áîðîâ ïðàâîáåðå-æüÿ ð. Áåðäü íèæå ñ. Ïàéâèíî 27 èþëÿ 02 ã.çàëîæåíà ïëîùàäêà ïëîùàäüþ 2,3 êì2.Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ìàðøðóòà ñîñòàâèëà 5 êì,èç êîòîðûõ 2 êì ïî ñîñíîâîìó ëåñó âäîëüñêëîíà ðó÷üÿ, 2 êì ïî ïëîñêîìó âîäîðàç-äåëó, ãäå ñîñíîâûé ëåñ ïåðåìåæàåòñÿ ñîâòîðè÷íûìè îñèííèêàìè è âûðóáêàìè 1–3-õ ëåòíåé äàâíîñòè, 1 êì ïî êîðåííîìóáåðåãîâîìó ñêëîíó ð. Áåðäü, ïîêðûòîìó

Ðèñ. 2. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ îðëà-êàðëèêà (Hi-eraaetus pennatus) íàîáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñòêåäîëèíû ð. Áåðäü

Fig. 2. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theBooted Eagle (Hieraaetuspennatus) on the sur-veyed plot of the Berd’River valley

ð. Áåðäü ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ñåâåðíûì ïðå-äåëîì ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ âèäà íà ãíåçäîâà-íèè â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå. Ïî ðåçóëü-òàòàì äàííîé ýêñïåäèöèè òðóäíî îöåíèòü÷èñëåííîñòü âèäà, îñîáåííî äëÿ ñåâåðíîéïåðèôåðèè àðåàëà, ãäå åãî ðàñïðåäåëå-íèå âðÿä ëè ðàâíîìåðíî. Îäíàêî, ïîëàãàÿ÷òî ðàçìíîæåíèå âèäà âåñüìà âåðîÿòíî ïîâñåé äîëèíå ð. Îáè, ó÷èòûâàÿ âñòðå÷è âãíåçäîâîé ïåðèîä â Àëòàéñêîì êðàå, ìîæ-íî ïðåäïîëàãàòü ãíåçäîâàíèå íå ìåíå 10ïàð îðëîâ-êàðëèêîâ â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðå-æüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè.

Îñîåä îáûêíîâåííûé (Pernis apivorus)ïî íàøåìó ìíåíèþ âêëþ÷åí â Êðàñíóþêíèãó Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè îøèáî÷íî.Â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ýòî äîñòàòî÷íî îáû÷-íûé âèä, êîòîðûé ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ íà ïðî-òÿæåíèè ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñåãî ìàðøðóòà(òàáë. 1).

Âçðîñëûå ïòåíöû îðëà-êàðëèêà (Hieraaetuspennatus) â ãíåçäå. ÔîòîÈ. Êàðÿêèíà

The fledglings of theBooted Eagle (Hieraaetuspennatus) on the nest.Photo by I. Karyakin


ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì è ðàññå÷¸ííîìó ãëóáîêè-ìè ëîãàìè. Íà äàííîé òåððèòîðèè ëîêàëè-çîâàíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà îñîåäîâ, íàîäíîì ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå îáíàðóæåíîæèëîå ãíåçäî. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íàñîñíå â 40 ì îò ëåñíîé äîðîãè íà îêðàèíåâûáîðî÷íîé ðóáêè ñðåäè ïëîñêîãî âîäî-ðàçäåëà, ïîêðûòîãî ñîñíîâûì ëåñîì. Ïî-ñòðîéêà ðàñïîëàãàëàñü íà 2-õ áîêîâûõ âåò-âÿõ ó ñòâîëà íà âûñîòå 11 ì 22-õ ìåòðîâîé

ñîñíû. Ñàìêà îñîåäà ïðè ïðè-áëèæåíèè ê ãíåçäó ñëåòåëà èóêðûëàñü â êðîíå ñîñíû â 50-òè ì îò ãíåçäà, îòêóäà ïîçæåáûëà âñïóãíóòà è ñòàëà àêòèâ-íî îòâå÷àòü íà èìèòàöèè å¸ãîëîñîâûõ ñèãíàëîâ. Ðàññòîÿ-íèå ìåæäó òðåìÿ òî÷êàìè ðå-ãèñòðàöèè îñîåäîâ, êîòîðûåìû óñëîâíî ïðèíèìàåì çàãíåçäîâûå ó÷àñòêè, âíóòðè îá-ñëåäîâàííîãî êîíòóðà ñîñòàâ-ëÿåò 1,1, 1,0 è 0,9 êì ñîîò-

âåòñòâåííî. Òàêèì îáðàçîì ïàðà îñîåäîâçàíèìàåò 3,0 êì2, à ïëîòíîñòü îñîåäà íàãíåçäîâàíèè â òåððàñíûõ áîðàõ îïðåäå-ëÿåòñÿ êàê 0,33 ïàð/êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîéïëîùàäè (0,31 ïàð/êì2 ëåñîïîêðûòîé ïëî-ùàäè). Äëÿ ïëîùàäè òåððàñíûõ è ïðèïîé-ìåííûõ áîðîâ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü (177,21 êì2)÷èñëåííîñòü îñîåäà, èñõîäÿ èç ïîëó÷åííûõöèôð, ìîæíî îöåíèòü â 58,48 (52,22–62,12) ïàð. Íà îñòàëüíîé ÷àñòè äîëèíû,ïëîùàäüþ 179,98 êì2, çàíÿòíóþ â áîëüøåéñòåïåíè ðàçëè÷íîãî ðîäà îòêðûòûìè ëàíä-øàôòàìè, íå ïðèãîäíûìè äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿîñîåäà, âðÿä ëè ãíåçäèòñÿ áîëåå 10–15 ïàð.Òàêèì îáðàçîì äëÿ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü ìû îöå-íèâàåì ÷èñëåííîñòü îñîåäà â 70 (64–74) ïàð.

Ïîëó÷åííûå öèôðû õîðîøî ñîãëàñóþò-ñÿ ñ áîëåå ðàííèìè äàííûìè ïî ïëîòíîñ-òè îñîåäîâ, ñîáðàííûìè â õîäå êîìïëåê-ñíîé ýêñïåäèöèè Ñèáýêîöåíòðà â 1999 ã.Ïî ó÷¸òíûì äàííûì 1999 ã. ïëîòíîñòü îñî-

åäà â õâîéíûõ è ñìåøàííûõ ëåñàõ Ñàëà-èðñêîãî êðÿæà ñîñòàâèëà 0,16 ïàð/100 êì2

ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè, â Ñóçóíñêîìáîðó – 0,37 ïàð/êì2 ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëî-ùàäè, à îáùàÿ ÷èñëåííîñòü îñîåäà äëÿ ëå-ñîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (1301,45 êì2) îöå-íåíà â 78 (70–85) ïàð, äëÿ Ñóçóíñêîãî áîðà(1352,46 êì2) – â 297 (270–300) ïàð (Êà-ðÿêèí è äð., 2000).

Ïî äàííûì ó÷¸òîâ îñîåäà â 1999–2002 ãã.ìîæíî ãðóáî ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñëåííîñòü âèäàâ Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîéîáëàñòè. Îáùàÿ ïëîùàäü äàííîé òåððèòî-ðèè ñîñòàâëÿåò 53000 êì2, óñëîâíî ãíåç-äîïðèãîäíàÿ ïëîùàäü îïðåäåëåíà íàìè â18000 êì2. Ïðè ñðåäíåé ïëîòíîñòè îñîå-äà â 0,148 (0,132–0,154) ïàð/êì2 åãî ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü äëÿ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íî-âîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ìîæåò áûòü îöåíåíàâ 2659 (2373–2765) ïàð.

Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) îòìå÷åí íàãíåçäîâàíèè â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íî-âîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè âïåðâûå çà ïîñëå-äíèå 50 ëåò (ðèñ. 3).

Êàê íåìíîãî÷èñëåííûé âèä îòìå÷àëñÿãëàâíûì îáðàçîì íà ïðîë¸òå âåñíîé è îñå-íüþ: îêîëî îç. Êàðà÷èíñêîå (Ðóçñêèé,1946),ó ã. Íîâîñèáèðñêà â íà÷àëå àïðåëÿ è ñåí-òÿáðå (Öûáóëèí, 1983), íà Íîâîñèáèðñêîìâîäîõðàíèëèùå â íà÷àëå îêòÿáðÿ (Ãûíãàçîâ,Ìèëîâèäîâ, 1977), â ýòè æå ìåñÿöû â Êóé-áûøåâñêîì ðàéîíå íà Ïðè÷àíîâñêîì ó÷àñ-òêå, îç. Ì. ×àíû (Þðëîâ, 1981) è Êàðàñóêñ-êîì ðàéîíå (Ñåâåðíàÿ Êóëóíäà) (Äàíèëîâ,1976; Þðëîâ, 1951). Çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíàîäíà âñòðå÷à â äåêàáðå â îêðåñòíîñòÿõÀêàäåìãîðîäêà (Áîáêîâ è äð., 1997). Îãíåçäîâàíèè ñàïñàíà ñâåäåíèé ïðàêòè÷åñ-êè íåò. Â ïåðâîé ïîëîâèíå 20-ãî âåêà îò-ìå÷àëîñü åãî øèðîêîå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåíà ãíåçäîâüå â Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè(Èîãàíçåí, 1908), â ÷àñòíîñòè, â ÑåâåðíîéÊóëóíäå (Êàðàñóêñêèé ðàéîí) (Äàíèëîâ ïî

Äàòà Dates

Äëèíà ìàðøðóòà (êì)Length of routes (km)

Êîëè÷åñòâî âçðîñëûõ îñîáåé

Adults

Êîëè÷åñòâî âñòðå÷

Registrations

Äèñòàíöèÿ (ì) Distance (m)

26/07/02 4,23 1 1 200

27/07/02 16,97 1 1 100

28/07/02 13,55 1 1 300

29/07/02 6,48 1 1 500

30/07/02 19,54 0 0

31/07/02 26,78 1 1 600

01/08/02 26,16 1 1 250

02/08/02 5,88 4 2 250, 300

8 ñóòîê 8 days

119,59 10 8 312,5

Òàáë. 1. Ðåãèñòðàöèèîñîåäîâ (Pernis apivorus)â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü íà âîä-íîì ìàðøðóòå

Table 1. Records of theHoney Buzzard (Pernisapivorus) in the Berd’ riv-er valley

Îñîåä îáûêíîâåííûé(Pernis apivorus). Ôîòî È.Êàðÿêèíà

The Honey Buzzard(Pernis apivorus). Photoby I. Karyakin


Çàëåññêîìó, 1931), áûë íåðå-äîê íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â îòðîãàõÑàëàèðà (Äåìåíòüåâ, 1951). Âîâòîðîé ïîëîâèíå âåêà îòìå÷à-åòñÿ ñïîðàäè÷íîå ãíåçäîâàíèåíà ñåâåðå Êóéáûøåâñêîãî ðàé-îíà â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ð. Êàì (Äà-íèëîâ, 1976).

Â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ãíåçäîâà-íèå ñàïñàíà óñòàíîâëåíî ëèøüâ îòðîãàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà,ãäå èìåþòñÿ ïðèðå÷íûå ñêàëü-íûå îáíàæåíèÿ. Çäåñü âûÿâ-ëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà.

28 èþëÿ 02 ã. (ðèñ. 3, ò. 1) íà îòâåñå êðóï-íîãî ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ ëåâîãî áåðåãàîáíàðóæåíû ïîåäè ñàïñàíà. Âåðòèêàëüíàÿ÷àñòü ñêàëû íå áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà, îäíàêîíà íåé âèäíåëèñü òðè íèøè ñî ñëåäàìè ïî-ìåòà, ÷òî ìîãëî óêàçûâàòü íà âîçìîæíîñòüãíåçäîâàíèÿ â íèõ ñîêîëà. 29 èþëÿ â 1,8êì âíèç ïî ðåêå íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèèïðàâîãî áåðåãà îáíàðóæåíû ñâåæèå ïî-åäè ñàïñàíà è ïåðüÿ ìîëîäîé ïòèöû.

Â 2-õ êì íèæå ïî òå÷åíèþ 29 èþëÿ 02 ã.âñòðå÷åíà âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà íà ïðèñàäå, ðàñ-ïîëîæåííîé íà ñîñíå â âåðõíåé òðåòè

íûõ ôèëèíîì. Ê ìîìåíòó ãèáåëè ïòåíöîâèõ ïåðâîñòåïåííûå ìàõîâûå ðàñêðûëèñüíàïîëîâèíó. Òàê êàê ìû íå íàáëþäàëè ñë¸ò-êîâ áëèç ãíåçäà, òî áûëî ðåøåíî îïðåäå-ëèòü ýòîò ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê â ðàçðÿä áå-çóñïåøíûõ. 17 èþíÿ 03 ã. â ýòîì ãíåçäåáûëè îáíàðóæåíû 4 îïåðÿþùèõñÿ ïòåíöà.

30 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 6,5 êì îò ïðåäûäóùåéãíåçäîâîé ñêàëû ñàïñàíîâ îáíàðóæåí âû-âîäîê èç 3-õ õîðîøî ëåòàþùèõ ìîëîäûõ(ðèñ. 3, ò. 3), êîòîðûå äåðæàëèñü íà òîïî-ëÿõ ïîä ñêàëîé. Ãíåçäî, ñóäÿ ïî ïîäò¸êàìïîìåòà, ðàñïîëàãàëîñü â íèøå êðóïíîãîñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ ïðàâîãî áåðåãà ð.Áåðäü, íà âûñîòå îêîëî 20 ì.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â îáñëåäîâàííîé ÷àñòèäîëèíû ð. Áåðäü âûÿâëåíî 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêà ñàïñàíîâ, íà 2-õ èç êîòîðûõ ïòèöû ðàç-ìíîæàëèñü â ýòîì ãîäó è ëèøü íà îäíîì ó÷à-ñòêå ðàçìíîæåíèå îêàçàëîñü óñïåøíûì –âûëåòåëè 3 ñë¸òêà. Çàíÿòîñòü ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷à-ñòêîâ ñîñòàâèëà 66,7 %. Óñïåõ ðàçìíîæå-íèÿ ñîñòàâèë 1,5 ñë¸òêà íà çàãíåçäèâøóþ-ñÿ ïàðó (33,3 %) ïðè âîçìîæíûõ 4-õ.

Îñíîâíûìè ôàêòîðàìè, íåãàòèâíî âëè-ÿþùèìè íà ðàñïðåäåëåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòüñàïñàíà íà ð. Áåðäü, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ôàêòîð áåñ-ïîêîéñòâà è íàëè÷èå ôèëèíà. Ñòîÿíêè òó-ðèñòîâ ïîä ñêàëàìè è ÷àñòîå ïîñåùåíèåñêàë ëþäüìè, îòäûõàþùèìè íà ðåêå, ïðè-âîäÿò ê îòñóòñòâèþ íà íèõ ñàïñàíà. Â ðå-çóëüòàòå ñîêîë âûíóæäåí ãíåçäèòñÿ íàñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ, íåäîñòóïíûõ äëÿïîñåùåíèÿ òóðèñòàìè, èëè æå íà íåáîëü-øèõ ñêàëüíûõ îáíàæåíèÿõ, êîòîðûå íåïðèâëåêàþò ê ñåáå òóðèñòîâ. Âî âñåõ òð¸õñëó÷àÿõ äàííûå ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ çà-ñåëÿþòñÿ ôèëèíàìè, êîòîðûå ïðè íåáîëü-øîé ïëîùàäè ñêàë íåïîñðåäñòâåííî âûòåñ-íÿþò ñàïñàíà, óíè÷òîæàÿ âçðîñëûõ ïòèö èèõ âûâîäêè, à íà ïðîòÿæ¸ííûõ ñêàëàõ íà-íîñÿò ïåðèîäè÷åñêèé óùåðá ãíåçäÿùèìñÿïàðàì, ïîåäàÿ ÷àñòè÷íî èëè ïîëíîñòüþìîëîäûõ ïòèö â âûâîäêàõ.

Íà ð. Áåðäü â õîäå ýêñïåäèöèè ñàïñàíðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿ ñ ÷àñòîòîé 3,34 îñîáè(2,51 ðåãèñòðàöèé) íà 100 êì âîäíîãî ìàð-øðóòà. Ïëîòíîñòü ñàïñàíà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿïî ðåçóëüòàòàì âñòðå÷, îïðåäåëåíà â 0,025îñîáü/êì2 äîëèíû ïðè ñðåäíåé äàëüíîñòèîáíàðóæåíèÿ 1000 ì. Ïðÿìàÿ ýêñòðàïî-ëÿöèÿ ýòèõ äàííûõ íà ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ðåêèÁåðäü (238,13 êì) è ïëîùàäü å¸ äîëèíû(357,19 êì2) äà¸ò îöåíêó ÷èñëåííîñòè ñàï-ñàíà â ñðåäíåì â 5,95 è 8,93 ãíåçäÿùèõñÿïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Äëÿ âñåõ ðåê Îáñêî-ãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñ-òè, íà êîòîðûõ èìåþòñÿ ñêàëüíûå áèîòî-ïû (îáùàÿ ïðîòÿæåííîñòü – 482,12 êì;

Ðèñ. 3. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñ-òêîâ ñàïñàíà (Fa lcoperegrinus) íà îáñëåäî-âàííîì ó÷àñòêå äîëèíûð. Áåðäü

Fig. 3. The distribution ofbreeding territories of thePeregrine Falcon (Falcoperegrinus) on the sur-veyed plot of the Berd’river valley

ñêàëüíîãî îáíàæåíèÿ ïðàâîãî áîðòà äî-ëèíû ð. Áåðäü. Íà ñêàëå èìåëèñü íèøè ñïîòåêàìè ïîìåòà, îäíàêî ïðèçíàêîâ èõçàñåëåíèÿ â ýòîì ãîäó íå áûëî îáíàðóæå-íî. Â 0,7 êì íèæå ïî òå÷åíèþ íà ñêàëüíîìîáíàæåíèè ïðàâîãî áîðòà äîëèíû ð. Áåðäüâñòðå÷åíà åù¸ îäíà âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà.30.07.02 ã. ýòà ñêàëà áûëà îáñëåäîâàíà. Íàíåé îáíàðóæåíû ìíîãî÷èñëåííûå ñâåæèåïîåäè ñàïñàíîâ è ìàõîâûå ïåðüÿ ìîëîäîéïòèöû. Ãíåçäî (ðèñ. 3, ò. 2) ðàñïîëàãàëîñüâ íèøå â âåðõíåé òðåòè ñêàëû íà âûñîòå20 – 25 ì îò å¸ ïîäíîæèÿ â 45 – 50 ì íàäðåêîé. Íà êóðóìå ïîä ñêàëîé îáíàðóæå-íû îñòàòêè 2-õ ïòåíöîâ ñàïñàíà, ñúåäåí-

Ïóõîâûå ïòåíöû ñàïñà-íà (Falco peregrinus) âãíåçäå (17.06.2003).Ôîòî À. Ðûáåíêî

The chicks of the Per-egr ine Fa lcon (Fa lcoperegrinus) on the nest(17/06/2003). Photo byA. Rybenko


ïëîùàäü ðå÷íûõ äîëèí – 626,76 êì2, ïðèñðåäíåé øèðèíå äîëèí 1,3 êì), äàííûìñïîñîáîì ÷èñëåííîñòü ñàïñàíà ìîæåò áûòüîöåíåíà â ñðåäíåì â 12,05 è 15,67 ãíåç-äÿùèõñÿ ïàð. Íàì ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ ýòà îöåí-êà çàâûøåííîé.

Ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ãíåçäîâûìè ó÷àñòêà-ìè íà ð. Áåðäü ñîñòàâëÿåò 2,0 è 6,5 êì. Òîåñòü íà îäíó ïàðó ñàïñàíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ âñðåäíåì 4,25 êì ðåêè èëè 4,67 êì2 äîëèíû(ïðè øèðèíå äîëèíû 1,1 êì). Îäíàêî ðàñ-ïðåäåëåíèå ó÷àñòêîâ ïî äîëèíå âûãëÿäèòíåðàâíîìåðíûì. Îíè ñîñðåäîòî÷åíû íàïðîìåæóòêå, ãäå ñêàëû áîëåå âûñîêèå èïðîòÿæ¸ííûå. 3 ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñòêà ðàñïî-ëàãàþòñÿ íà 45,4 êì ðåêè, ãíåçäîïðèãîä-íûõ äëÿ ñàïñàíà. Çäåñü èìååòñÿ 14 ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé, óäàë¸ííûõ äðóã îò äðóãàíà 1,5 – 6 êì. Òî åñòü ¸ìêîñòü ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ òàêîâà, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåòâìåñòèòü 7 ïàð, à ðåàëüíî æå íà äàííîìó÷àñòêå äîëèíû ðàçìåùàåòñÿ 3 ïàðû ñàï-ñàíîâ (42,86 % îò îïòèìóìà). Òî åñòü íàîäíó ïàðó ïðèõîäèòñÿ 15,1 êì ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíîé ÷àñòè ðåêè èëè 16,61 êì2 äîëèíû.Ýòè öèôðû óæå ìîæíî ýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòüíà àíàëîãè÷íûå áèîòîïû äðóãèõ ðåê Ñàëà-

èðñêîãî êðÿæà. Èñõîäÿ èçýòèõ äàííûõ, óñëîâíî ãíåçäîï-ðèãîäíàÿ äëÿ ñàïñàíà ïðîòÿ-æ¸ííîñòü ðåê â Îáñêîì ïðà-âîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîéîáëàñòè ñîñòàâëÿåò 106,13 êì(ïëîùàäü äîëèí 193,743 êì2),èç êîòîðûõ 69,70 êì (76,67 êì2)ïðèõîäèòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü. Ñëå-äîâàòåëüíî, îáùàÿ ÷èñëåí-íîñòü ñàïñàíà íà ãíåçäîâàíèèíà ðåêàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðå-æüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòèäàííûì ìåòîäîì ìîæåò áûòüîöåíåíà â 7 ïàð, 4 ïàðû èç êî-

òîðûõ ãíåçäÿòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü è 3 íà å¸ âòî-ðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ, ñòåêàþùèõ ñ Ñàëà-èðñêîãî êðÿæà. Îäíàêî ýòè öèôðû ìîãóòáûòü çàíèæåíû, òàê êàê íà ð. Áåðäü è å¸âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ ôàêòîðû, ëèìè-òèðóþùèå ðàâíîìåðíîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèåñàïñàíà, ìîãóò ðàçëè÷àòüñÿ, ïðè÷¸ì, êàêïîêàçûâàåò îïûò, íà âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðè-òîêàõ èõ íåãàòèâíîå âëèÿíèå íèæå â íå-ñêîëüêî ðàç. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, îöåíêà ÷èñ-ëåííîñòè ñàïñàíà áîëåå áëèçêàÿ ê ðåàëüíîéëåæèò ïîñåðåäèíå ìåæäó öèôðàìè, ïîëó-÷åííûìè ïðÿìîé ýêñòðàïîëÿöèåé áåðäñêèõó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ íà ïðîòÿæåííîñòü ðåê, èýêñòðàïîëÿöèè äàííûõ ñ ìîäåëüíîé ïëîùà-äè íà ð. Áåðäü íà àíàëîãè÷íûå ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûå áèîòîïû íà äðóãèõ ðåêàõ. Ïîýòîìó

ìû ñ÷èòàåì, ÷òî â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü ãíåçäèò-ñÿ 4 – 6 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ, à â öåëîì íà ðåêàõÎáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Íîâîñèáèðñêîéîáëàñòè 7 – 13 ïàð.

Ôèëèí (Bubo bubo) íàéäåí íà ãíåçäî-âàíèè â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü íà ó÷àñòêå íèæåñ. Íèêîíîâî, òî åñòü òàì, ãäå ðåêà ïåðåñå-êàåò îòðîãè Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Âñå òî÷-êè ðåãèñòðàöèè âèäà áûëè ïðèóðî÷åíû êïðèðå÷íûì ñêàëüíûì îáíàæåíèÿì. Ïîãîä-íûå óñëîâèÿ è ëèìèò âðåìåíè íå äàëè âîç-ìîæíîñòè äåòàëüíî îáñëåäîâàòü âñå ñêà-ëû, ïðèãîäíûå äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà,îäíàêî, íåñìîòðÿ íà ýòî, ëîêàëèçîâàíî 6ìåñò åãî îáèòàíèÿ (ðèñ. 4).

27 èþëÿ 02 ã. âûøå ñ. Êèíòåðåï îáíàðó-æåíî æèëîå ãíåçäî ýòîãî ãîäà (ðèñ. 4, ò.1), ïîêèíóòîå ñë¸òêàìè. Ðàñïîëàãàëîñü îíîâ íèøå ñêàëû, îòâåñíî îáðûâàþùåéñÿ âðåêó, íà âûñîòå 40 ì, â ñåðåäèíå îáíàæå-íèÿ. Íàä ãíåçäîì íà óñòóïàõ â ïîäíîæèèñêàë âåðõíåãî ÿðóñà è ïîä äåðåâüÿìè íàâåðøèíå ñêàëû áûë îáíàðóæåí ìåçîïòèëüèíòåíñèâíî ëèíÿâøèõ ñë¸òêîâ, ïîêèíóâøèõãíåçäî êàê ìèíèìóì çà 3 íåäåëè äî íàøå-ãî ïîÿâëåíèÿ. Ñë¸òêè è âçðîñëûå ïòèöûïåðåìåñòèëèñü ïî ñêàëüíîé ãðÿäå îò ãíåç-äîâîé ñêàëû, òàê êàê ïîä ñêàëîé áûë ðàç-áèò òóðèñòè÷åñêèé ëàãåðü.

28 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 6 êì íèæå ïî ðåêå íàñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè îáíàðóæåíû ïîåäèôèëèíà è îñòàíêè åãî æåðòâ (ðèñ. 4, ò. 2),îäíàêî ãíåçäà íå íàéäåíî. Òåì íå ìåíåå,ýòîò è äðóãèå ó÷àñòêè, ãäå ðåãèñòðèðîâà-ëèñü ñëåäû ïîñòîÿííîãî ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëè-íà, ìû îòíîñèì ê ãíåçäîâûì ïðè ðàñ÷¸òåãíåçäîâîé ÷èñëåííîñòè âèäà, òàê êàê îñîáûõóñèëèé ïî âûÿâëåíèþ ãí¸çä ìû íå ïðèêëà-äûâàëè, îñîçíàâàÿ, ÷òî îíè óæå äàâíî ïîêè-íóòû ñë¸òêàìè, à ïðåäûäóùèé íàø îïûò ðà-áîòû ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî áîëüøèíñòâî ó÷àñòêîâ,íà êîòîðûõ ìîæíî ÷¸òêî èäåíòèôèöèðî-âàòü ïðèñóòñòâèå ôèëèíà ïî ïîåäÿì, ïî-ãàäêàì è ïåðüÿì, ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãíåçäîâûìè.

29 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 4,33 êì îò äàííîé òî÷êèíèæå ïî ðåêå íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèèáîðòà äîëèíû, óäàëåííîì íà 100 – 150 ìîò ðåêè, â íèøå ñêàëû íà âûñîòå 15 ì â 25ì îò âåðõà (45–50 ì íàä ðåêîé) íàéäåíîñòàðîå ãíåçäî ôèëèíà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 3), çàíè-ìàâøååñÿ â òå÷åíèå ðÿäà ëåò. Ñâåæåãîãíåçäà îáíàðóæåíî íå áûëî, õîòÿ íà ñêà-ëå íàáëþäàëèñü ïîåäè ôèëèíà.

Â 2,4 êì íèæå ïî ðåêå íà àíàëîãè÷íîìñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè îáíàðóæåíû ïîåäèôèëèíà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 4). Çäåñü æå ýòèì õèù-íèêîì áûëè ñúåäåíû îïåðÿþùèåñÿ ïòåí-öû ñàïñàíà. Ñàïñàí çàíèìàë äëÿ ãíåçäîâà-

Ðèñ. 4. Êàðòà ðàñïðåäå-ëåíèÿ ãíåçäîâûõ ó÷àñò-êîâ ôèëèíà (Bubo bubo)íà îáñëåäîâàííîì ó÷àñ-òêå äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü

Fig. 4. The distribution ofbreeding territories of theEagle Owl (Bubo bubo)on the surveyed plot ofthe Berd’ river valley


íèÿ þæíóþ ÷àñòü ñêàëû, à ôèëèí ïðèäåð-æèâàëñÿ ñåâåðíîé (0,2–0,4 êì). Â 2003 ã.ýòà ïàðà ôèëèíîâ ïåðåìåñòèëàñü ââåðõ ïîòå÷åíèþ ðåêè, çàíÿâ ñêàëû ëåâîãî áåðåãà,÷òî äàëî âîçìîæíîñòü ñàïñàíàì óñïåøíîâûâåñòè ïòåíöîâ.

30 èþëÿ 02 ã. â 4,66 êì îò ïðåäûäóùåãîó÷àñòêà íà ñêàëüíîì îáíàæåíèè îáíàðó-æåíû ñëåäû ïðåáûâàíèÿ ôèëèíà (ðèñ. 4,ò. 5). Ïðàêòè÷åñêè çäåñü æå (÷óòü íèæå ïîðåêå) ïòèöû íàáëþäàëèñü â 2003 ã.

Â 4,62 êì ïî òå÷åíèþ ðåêè íèæå ñ. Ñòà-ðîñîñåäîâî îñìîòðåíà åù¸ îäíà ñêàëà, íàêîòîðîé âñòðå÷åíû îñòàòêè äîáû÷è ôèëè-íà (ðèñ. 4, ò. 6). Èç-çà ïðîëèâíîãî äîæäÿîáñëåäîâàòü äàííóþ ñêàëó íå óäàëîñü, õîòÿæèëîå ãíåçäî ýòîãî ãîäà çäåñü áûëî ñ âû-

èõ, òî ïîëó÷èòñÿ, ÷òî íà ó÷àñòîê ôèëèíîâïðèõîäèòñÿ 6,5 êì ðåêè èëè 7,15 êì2 äî-ëèíû. Ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòü ðåê â Îáñêîì ïðà-âîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, èìå-þùèõ ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ, ñîñòàâëÿåò106,13 êì (ïëîùàäü äîëèí 193,743 êì2),èç êîòîðûõ 69,70 êì (76,67 êì2) ïðèõî-äèòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü. Ýêñòðàïîëèðóÿ ó÷¸òíûåäàííûå íà âûøåîïðåäåë¸ííûå ïëîùàäè,ïîëó÷àåì ÷èñëåííîñòü ôèëèíà íà ãíåçäî-âàíèè íà ðåêàõ Îáñêîãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿÍîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè 16,3 (14,2–17,6)ïàð, â ñðåäíåì 10,7 ïàð èç êîòîðûõ ãíåç-äÿòñÿ íà ð. Áåðäü è 5,6 ïàð ñîîòâåòñòâåí-íî íà å¸ âòîðîñòåïåííûõ ïðèòîêàõ, ñòå-êàþùèõ ñ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà. Îäíàêî âäàííîì ñëó÷àå ðå÷ü èäåò ëèøü î ïàðàõ, íà-ñåëÿþùèõ ñêàëüíûå îáíàæåíèÿ.

Ýêñïåäèöèåé Ñèáýêîöåíòðà â 1999 ã.óñòàíîâëåíî, ÷òî ôèëèí â Îáñêîì ïðàâî-áåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ãíåçäèò-ñÿ è âíå ñêàë. Â ÷àñòíîñòè, â Ñóçóíñêîìðàéîíå ãíåçäî ôèëèíà áûëî îáíàðóæåíîíà çåìëå â ñîñíîâîì áîðó íà êðàþ áîëî-òà, à åù¸ îäíî ãíåçäî â ýòîì æå ðàéîíå –íà ñêëîíå çàäåðí¸ííîãî îáðûâà ñòàðèöûÎáè (Êàðÿêèí è äð., 2000). Ýòè äàííûåïîçâîëÿþò ïðåäïîëîæèòü âîçìîæíîñòüãíåçäîâàíèÿ ôèëèíà â äîëèíå Áåðäè è âòåððàñíûõ áîðàõ, ïî àíàëîãèè ñ ïàðàìè,ãíåçäÿùèìèñÿ â Ñóçóíñêîì ðàéîíå. Ê òîìóæå, 19 èþíÿ 03 ã. ïåðüÿ ôèëèíà áûëè îá-íàðóæåíû â áîðó íà âåðøèíå ðå÷íîãî îá-ðûâà ð. Áåðäü, ÷òî ïðåäïîëàãàåò åãî ãíåç-äîâàíèå íà çåìëå ïî àíàëîãèè ñ ãíåçäîâûìèãðóïïèðîâêàìè ðàâíèííîé ÷àñòè îáëàñòèè â äîëèíå ð. Áåðäü. Òåì íå ìåíåå, ýòîòâîïðîñ òðåáóåò äàëüíåéøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé.Èìåþùèéñÿ ìàòåðèàë íå ïîçâîëÿåò áîëååèëè ìåíåå òî÷íî ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñëåííîñòüôèëèíà äëÿ âñåãî ïðàâîáåðåæüÿ Îáè âïðåäåëàõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè.

Â ïðåäåëàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà, ñ ó÷¸-òîì âûøåñêàçàííîãî, ìû îöåíèâàåì ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ôèëèíà â 15 – 20 ïàð, 10 – 12ïàð èç êîòîðûõ íàñåëÿþò äîëèíó ð. Áåðäü.

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops) – îáû÷íûéãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèä äîëèíû Áåðäè. Íà ãíåç-äîâàíèè òåñíî ñâÿçàíà ñ ïîéìåííûìè èïðèïîéìåííûìè ëåñîíàñàæäåíèÿìè.Ìàêñèìàëüíîå êîëè÷åñòâî ó÷èòûâàåìûõñ îäíîé òî÷êè ïòèö çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíî íàòåððèòîðèè îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæàâ íî÷ü 28/29 èþëÿ 2002 ã. Çäåñü ðåêà çà-æàòà êðóòûìè ñêëîíàìè äîëèíû ñî ñêàëü-íûìè îáíàæåíèÿìè, íî, â òî æå âðåìÿ,èìååò õîðîøî âûðàæåííóþ ïîéìó ñ ëå-ñîì èç òîïîëÿ, îëüõè, ÷åðåìóõè, áåð¸çû,

ñîêîé äîëåé âåðîÿòíîñòè, íà ÷òî óêàçûâà-ëè ñâåæèå ïòåíöîâûå ïîãàäêè è ïîåäè.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, íà ïðåäìåò ãíåçäîâàíèÿôèëèíà áûë äîñòàòî÷íî õîðîøî îáñëåäî-âàí ó÷àñòîê ðåêè ïðîòÿæåííîñòüþ 32,63 êì,íà êîòîðîì îñìàòðèâàëèñü âñå ãíåçäîïðè-ãîäíûå äëÿ ôèëèíà ñêàëû. Íà í¸ì ëîêàëèçî-âàíî 5 ó÷àñòêîâ, çàíèìàåìûõ ôèëèíàìè. Âöåëîì æå çà ýêñïåäèöèþ ëîêàëèçîâàíî 6ó÷àñòêîâ: 4 ó÷àñòêà, íà êîòîðûõ ðàçìíî-æåíèå ôèëèíà âîçìîæíî, è 2 – íà êîòî-ðûõ îíî óñòàíîâëåíî, ïðè÷¸ì íà îäíîì èçíèõ îíî áûëî óñïåøíûì â ýòîì ãîäó.

Ñðåäíåå ðàññòîÿíèå ìåæäó ó÷àñòêàìèôèëèíîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 4,4 êì (2,4 – 6,0 êì),òî åñòü íà 1 ó÷àñòîê â îïòèìàëüíûõ óñëî-âèÿõ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 4,4 êì ðåêè èëè 4,84 êì2

ãíåçäîïðèãîäíîé ïëîùàäè äîëèíû. ̈ ìêîñòüãíåçäîïðèãîäíûõ áèîòîïîâ íàèáîëåå ïëîò-íî îáñëåäîâàííîãî ó÷àñòêà ðåêè â ïðåäå-ëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà (32,63 êì)òàêîâà, ÷òî ïîçâîëÿåò âìåñòèòü 7 ïàð ôè-ëèíîâ, ðåàëüíî æå èõ ÷èñëåííîñòü çäåñüìåíüøå. Åñëè íå áðàòü â ó÷¸ò òó ÷àñòü äî-ëèíû, ãäå ìèìî íåñêîëüêèõ ñêàë ïðîïëû-ëè ïîä äîæä¸ì, äàæå áåãëî íå îñìîòðåâ

Ãíåçäîâàÿ ñêàëà ôèëèíà(Bubo bubo) íà ð. Áåðäü.Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The nesting cliff of theEagle Owl (Bubo bubo)on the Berd’ River. Photoby I. Karyakin


ñ ìîçàèêîé âëàæíûõ ëóãîâ. Âòåððàñíûõ áîðàõ âèä ðåäîêèëè îòñóòñòâóåò, çàìåùàÿñüçäåñü äðóãîé ìåëêîé ñîâîé –âîðîáüèíûì ñû÷èêîì.

Ó÷¸ò ñïëþøêè â¸ëñÿ òîëüêîíà òî÷êàõ íî÷íûõ ñòîÿíîê(òàáë. 2). Â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó-÷àåâ ñîâêè îòâå÷àëè êðèêàìèáåñïîêîéñòâà íà èìèòàöèþêðèêîâ ôèëèíà, ïðè÷¸ì êðè-÷àëè êàê ñàìêè, òàê è ñàìöû.

Â öåëîì íà òî÷êàõ ó÷¸òàáûëà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíà 21âçðîñëàÿ ïòèöà íà 14 ãíåçäî-âûõ ó÷àñòêàõ. Ïðè ñðåäíåìðàäèóñå ó÷¸òà 0,5 êì ó÷¸òíàÿïëîùàäü ñîñòàâèëà 5,5 êì2.Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, ïëîò-íîñòü ñïëþøêè äëÿ äîëèíû

ð. Áåðäü îïðåäåëåíà â ñðåäíåì â 3,82îñîáü/êì2 èëè 2,55 ïàð/êì2. Ìàêñèìàëü-íûå ïîêàçàòåëè ëîêàëüíîé ïëîòíîñòè(ó÷¸òíàÿ òî÷êà â íî÷ü 28/29 èþëÿ) ñîñòà-âèëè 55,73 ïàð/êì2 äîëèíû, ìèíèìàëüíûå(ó÷¸òíàÿ òî÷êà â íî÷ü 30/31 èþëÿ) – 3,54ïàð/êì2 äîëèíû.

Â ñâÿçè ñ òåì, ÷òî âèä ðåãèñòðèðîâàëñÿëèøü â ñðåäíåì ó÷àñòêå ðåêè, ïðîòÿæ¸í-íîñòüþ 66,35 êì, ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûìýêñòðàïîëèðîâàòü ó÷¸òíûå äàííûå íà ïëî-ùàäü äîëèíû ëèøü äëÿ ýòîãî ó÷àñòêà. Òà-êèì îáðàçîì, ÷èñëåííîñòü ñïëþøêè äëÿïðîéäåííîãî ó÷àñòêà äîëèíû (72,98 êì2)îöåíåíà íàìè â 186 (167–205) ïàð, â öå-ëîì äëÿ àíàëîãè÷íîãî òèïà ó÷àñòêîâ äîëè-íû ð. Áåðäü (145,96 êì2) – 372 (334–410)ïàðû, äëÿ ðå÷íûõ äîëèí Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿ-æà (321,11 êì2) – 818 (735–902) ïàð. Âöåëîì â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñè-áèðñêîé îáëàñòè äàæå ïî ñàìûì ñêðîì-íûì îöåíêàì ãíåçäèòñÿ íå ìåíåå 2000 ïàðñïëþøåê, îäíàêî ïî ÷àñòè òåððèòîðèé íå-

äîñòàòî÷íî ìàòåðèàëà, ÷òîáû áîëåå òî÷-íî ðàññ÷èòàòü äëÿ ñòîëü êðóïíîé ïëîùàäè÷èñëåííîñòü ýòîé ñîâû.

Ñû÷èê âîðîáüèíûé (Glaucidiumpasserinum) – îáû÷íûé ãíåçäÿùèéñÿ âèääîëèíû ð. Áåðäü. Â îòëè÷èå îò ñïëþøêèðàñïðîñòðàí¸í áîëåå ðàâíîìåðíî è íåîáðàçóåò êðóïíûõ ëîêàëüíûõ ïîñåëåíèé ñîñòîëü âûñîêîé ïëîòíîñòüþ ãíåçäÿùèõñÿïòèö, êàê ïðåäûäóùèé âèä. Â ñâîåì ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíèè ñû÷èê ïðèóðî÷åí ê ñîñíî-âûì è ñîñíîâî-ìåëêîëèñòâåííûì ëåñàì,êàê íà ïëîñêèõ òåððàñàõ, òàê è íà êðóòîñ-êëîíàõ äîëèíû â ïðåäåëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëà-èðñêîãî êðÿæà. Ïðè÷¸ì â îòðîãàõ Ñàëà-èðñêîãî êðÿæà â íàñêàëüíûõ ñîñíÿêàõäîñòèãàåò ìàêñèìàëüíîé ÷èñëåííîñòè.

Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ñïåöèàëüíûõ ó÷¸òîâ ýòî-ãî âèäà ìû íå ïðîâîäèëè. Â íî÷íûõ ó÷¸-òàõ íà òî÷êàõ ñòîÿíîê ñû÷èê ðåãèñòðèðî-âàëñÿ â êîëè÷åñòâå 1 îñîáè íà êàæäîéòî÷êå ñ 28.07.02 ã. ïî 01.08.02 ã., òî åñòüâ íî÷íûå ó÷¸òû ïîïàëî ëèøü 4 ïòèöû íà 4-õ òåððèòîðèÿõ. Ïðè ñðåäíåì ðàäèóñå ó÷¸-òà 0,5 êì ó÷¸òíàÿ ïëîùàäü ñîñòàâèëà 5,5êì2. Èñõîäÿ èç ýòèõ äàííûõ, ïëîòíîñòü ñû-÷èêà äëÿ äîëèíû ð. Áåðäü îïðåäåëåíà âñðåäíåì â 0,73 ïàð/êì2.

Â äíåâíîå âðåìÿ òàêæå óäàâàëîñü âûç-âàòü ãîëîñîâóþ àêòèâíîñòü òåððèòîðèàëü-íûõ ñû÷èêîâ ïóò¸ì èìèòàöèè èõ âèäîñïå-öèôè÷åñêèõ ñèãíàëîâ áåñïîêîéñòâà èëèêðèêîâ ôèëèíà. Â ïðåäåëàõ îòðîãîâ Ñàëà-èðñêîãî êðÿæà ñû÷èêè ðåãèñòðèðîâàëèñüïðè êàæäîì ïåøåì îáñëåäîâàíèè ñêàëü-íûõ îáíàæåíèé. Ïî äàííûì ïåøèõ ìàðø-ðóòîâ åãî ïëîòíîñòü ñîñòàâèëà 2,10 ïàð/êì2

íàñêàëüíûõ ñîñíîâûõ è ñîñíîâî-ìåëêîëè-ñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ. Åñëè ó÷åñòü, ÷òî äàííûåáèîòîïû çàíèìàëè 33,3 % ó÷¸òíîé ïëîùà-äè íà òî÷êàõ ñòîÿíîê, ïîëó÷àåòñÿ ïëîòíîñòüâ 2,2 ïàð/êì2 ñîñíîâûõ è ñîñíîâî-ìåëêî-ëèñòâåííûõ ëåñîâ äîëèíû ïî ó÷¸òó íà òî÷-êàõ ñòîÿíîê.

Èñõîäÿ èç ó÷¸òíûõ äàííûõ, ìû îöåíèâà-åì ÷èñëåííîñòü âîðîáüèíîãî ñû÷èêà â äî-ëèíå ð. Áåðäü â 260 ïàð.

Â îòëè÷èå îò ñïëþøêè, ñû÷èê íå ïðèâÿ-çàí ê äîëèíàì ðåê è ñ îäèíàêîâîé ïëîòíî-ñòüþ íàñåëÿåò êàê äîëèííûå, òàê è âîäî-ðàçäåëüíûå ëåñà. Õîòÿ â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâíàëè÷èå íåáîëüøîãî âîäîòîêà ÿâëÿåòñÿîáÿçàòåëüíûì íà ãíåçäîâîì ó÷àñòêå. Ïðèýêñòðàïîëÿöèè ìû ñî÷ëè âîçìîæíûì èñ-ïîëüçîâàòü äàííûå ïî ïëîòíîñòè âèäà äëÿëåñîïîêðûòîé òåððèòîðèè è ðàññ÷èòàòüåãî ÷èñëåííîñòü äëÿ ïëîùàäè ëåñîâ Ñàëà-èðñêîãî êðÿæà (1301,45 êì2). Ïðè ñðåä-

Ñë¸òîê ôèëèíà. Ôîòî È.ÊàðÿêèíàThe fledgling of the EagleOwl. Photo by I. Karyakin

Ñïëþøêà (Otus scops) íàãíåçäå â äóïëå ñîñíû.Ôîòî È. Êàðÿêèíà

The Scops Owl (Otusscops) nesting in the hol-low at the pine tree. Pho-to by I. Karyakin


íåé ïëîòíîñòè â 2,15 ïàð/êì2 ÷èñëåííîñòüâîðîáüèíîãî ñû÷èêà â ëåñàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãîêðÿæà, âêëþ÷àÿ äîëèíó ð. Áåðäü, îöåíåíàâ 2798 (2250–2976) ïàð.

Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì ýêñïåäèöèè 1999 ã. ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü ñû÷èêà, ðàññ÷èòàííàÿ äëÿ àíàëî-ãè÷íîé ïëîùàäè ëåñîâ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà,ñîñòàâèëà 2863 (2230–3100) ïàðû (Êàðÿ-êèí è äð., 2000).

Äàííûå ðàñ÷¸òîâ 1999 ã. è 2002 ã. ïîëó-÷àþòñÿ äîñòàòî÷íî áëèçêèå, îäíàêî, ïîíàøåìó ìíåíèþ, îíè çàâûøåíû çà ñ÷¸òòîãî, ÷òî â ðàñ÷¸ò ïîïàëè ìåëêîëèñòâåí-íûå ëåñà, ìåíåå ïðèâëåêàòåëüíûå äëÿ âèäà.Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, áîëåå òî÷íî ðàññ÷èòàòü ÷èñ-ëåííîñòü âèäà äëÿ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà âíàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ íå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ âîç-ìîæíûì, òàê êàê íåò äàííûõ ïî ñîîòíî-øåíèþ ïîðîäíîãî ñîñòàâà íà ëåñîïîêðû-òûõ òåððèòîðèÿõ. Ïî ñóáúåêòèâíîé îöåíêåìîæíî ïðåäïîëîæèòü, ÷òî ÷èñëåííîñòüâîðîáüèíîãî ñû÷èêà íà ãíåçäîâàíèè â ëå-ñàõ Ñàëàèðñêîãî êðÿæà ñîñòàâëÿåò îêîëî2000 ïàð, à â öåëîì ïî Îáñêîìó ïðàâî-áåðåæüþ Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè ïðèáëè-æàåòñÿ ê 4000 – 5000 ïàð.


Áîáêîâ Þ.Â., Æóêîâ Â.Ñ., Êàí Â., Íèêîëà-åâ Â.Â. Ìàòåðèàëû ïî íåêîòîðûì çèìóþùèìïòèöàì Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ìàòåðèà-ëû ê ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðàëå, â Ïðè-óðàëüå è Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Åêàòåðèíáóðã.1997. Ñ. 9.

Âåíãåðîâ Ì.Ï. Âèäîâîé è ÷èñëåííûé ñîñòàâãíåçäÿùèõñÿ è ïðîë¸òíûõ êóëèêîâ â Áàðàáèí-ñêîé ëåñîñòåïè. – Íîâîå â èçó÷åíèè áèîëîãèèè ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèè êóëèêîâ. (Ìàòåðèàëû Âòî-ðîãî ñîâåùàíèÿ ïî «Ôàóíå è ýêîëîãèè êóëè-êîâ»). – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1980. Ñ. 87.

Ãûíãàçîâ À.Ì., Ìèëîâèäîâ Ñ.Ï. Îðíèòîôà-óíà Çàïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîé ðàâíèíû. – Òîìñê: Èçä-âî Òîìñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, 1977. 61 ñ.

Äàíèëîâ Î.Í. Õèùíûå ïòèöû è ñîâû Áàðàáûè Ñåâåðíîé Êóëóíäû. Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà.1976. 34 ñ.

Äåìåíòüåâ Ã.Ï. Ïòèöû Ñîâåòñêîãî Ñîþçà. Ì.:Ñîâ. Íàóêà. ò. 1. 1951.

Æóêîâ Â.Ñ., Íèêîëàåâ Â.Â. Ðåäêèå ïòèöûÍîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ìàòåðèàëû ê ðàñ-ïðîñòðàíåíèþ ïòèö íà Óðàëå, â Ïðèóðàëüå èÇàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè. Åêàòåðèíáóðã. 1997. Ñ. 69.

Èîãàíçåí Ã.Ý. Ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ îðíèòîôàóíûñòåïåé Òîìñêîãî êðàÿ. – Èçâåñòèÿ Èìïåðàòîð-ñêîãî Òîìñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, êí. 30. Òîìñê.1908. 174 ñ.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Äóáûíèí À.Â. Ðàñïðîñòðàíå-íèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü ÷¸ðíîãî àèñòà (Ciconia nigra)â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îá-ëàñòè. – Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðîáëåìû îðíèòîëîãèèÑèáèðè è Öåíòðàëüíîé Àçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû IÌåæäóíàðîäíîé îðíèòîëîãè÷åñêîé êîíôå-ðåíöèè. – Óëàí-Óäý: Èçä-âî Áóðÿòñêîãî ãîñó-íèâåðñèòåòà. 2000. Ñ. 63–65.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â., Âàñåíüêîâ, Ä.À., Äóáûíèí À.Â.Ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå è ÷èñëåííîñòü íåêîòîðûõ âè-äîâ ïòèö, ïðåäëàãàåìûõ â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó Íî-âîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè, â Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüåÍîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè. – Ñîâðåìåííûå ïðî-áëåìû îðíèòîëîãèè Ñèáèðè è ÖåíòðàëüíîéÀçèè: Ìàòåðèàëû I Ìåæäóíàðîäíîé îðíèòîëî-ãè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèè. – Óëàí-Óäý: Èçä-âî Áó-ðÿòñêîãî ãîñóíèâåðñèòåòà. 2000. Ñ. 226–229.

Êîçëîâà Å.Â. Ðæàíêîîáðàçíûå – Ôàóíà ÑÑÑÐ.Ïòèöû. Ò. II. Âûï. 1. ×. 2. 1961. 291 ñ.

Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Íîâîñèáèðñêîé îáëàñòè: ìëå-êîïèòàþùèå, ïòèöû, çåìíîâîäíûå, ðûáû, ÷åð-âè, íàñåêîìûå. – Îòâ. ðåä. Ì.Ã. Ñåðãååâ. – Íî-âîñèáèðñê: Ãîñêîìýêîëîãèÿ ÍÑÎ, 2000. 97 ñ.

Öûáóëèí Ñ.Ì. Õèùíûå ïòèöû ëåñîïàðêà Íî-âîñèáèðñêîãî íàó÷íîãî öåíòðà. – Îõðàíà õèù-íûõ ïòèö (Ìàòåðèàëû I ñîâåùàíèÿ ïî ýêîëîãèèè îõðàíå õèùíûõ ïòèö, Ìîñêâà, 16–18 ôåâð.1983 ã.). – Ì: Íàóêà, 1983. 84 ñ.

Þðëîâ Ê.Ò. Ìàòåðèàëû ïî ïòèöàì ëåñíûõíàñàæäåíèé Ñåâåðíîé Êóëóíäû. – Èçâåñòèÿ Çà-ïàäíî-Ñèáèðñêîãî ôèëèàëà ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, ñåð.áèîë., ò. 4, âûï. 1 – Çîîëîãè÷. Íîâîñèáèðñê,1951. Ñ. 29.

Þðëîâ Ê.Ò. Âèäîâîé ñîñòàâ è ïðèóðî÷åí-íîñòü ê áèîòîïàì ïòèö â îçåðíîé ëåñîñòåïèÁàðàáèíñêîé íèçìåííîñòè (Çàïàäíàÿ Ñèáèðü).– Ýêîëîãèÿ è áèîöåíîòè÷åñêèå ñâÿçè ïåðåëåò-íûõ ïòèö Çàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè – Îòâ. ðåä. Ê.Ò.Þðëîâ. – Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà, 1981. Ñ. 5–28.

Êîëè÷åñòâî âçðîñëûõ îñîáåéAdultsÄàòà

Dates

Ýôôåêòèâíûé ðàäèóñ ó÷¸òà (êì)

Radius of count (km)

ÑàìöûMale

ÑàìêèFemale

Êîëè÷åñòâî òåððèòîðèé

ïòèöBreeding areas

Âðåìÿ ó÷¸òàTime of count

26/27.07.02 0,5 0 0 0 23.00 – 01.00

27/28.07.02 0,7 0 0 0 23.00 – 01.00

28/29.07.02 0,2 7 6 7 22.00 – 00.00

29/30.07.02 0,3 0 3 3 23.30 – 00.30

30/31.07.02 0,6 4 1 4 22.30 – 00.30

31.07/01.08.02 0,6 0 0 0 22.00 – 00.30

01/02.08.02 0,6 0 0 0 22.30 – 01.00

7 òî÷åê ó÷¸òà 7 points counts

0,5 11 10 14

Òàáë. 2. Ðåãèñòðàöèèñïëþøêè (Otus scops) âäîëèíå ð. Áåðäü íà òî÷-êàõ ñòîÿíîê

Table 2. Records of theScops Owl (Otus scops)in the Berd’ river valley(around camps only)

Short reports Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 65

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaetus albicilla) – âèä,çàíåñ¸ííûé â Êðàñíóþ êíèãó ÐÔ â êàòåãî-ðèè 3 (ðåäêèé âèä), Êðàñíûé ñïèñîê ÌÑÎÏ– 96, Ïðèëîæåíèå 1 ÑÈÒÅÑ, Ïðèëîæåíèå2 Áîííñêîé Êîíâåíöèè, Ïðèëîæåíèå 2Áåðíñêîé Êîíâåíöèè (Ãàíóñåâè÷ Ñ.À.,2001). Íèæíåå Ïîâîëæüå – îäèí èç íåìíî-ãèõ ðåãèîíîâ Ðîññèè, ãäå ÷èñëåííîñòü ýòî-ãî âèäà ñòàáèëüíà è îòíîñèòåëüíî âûñîêà.Â Âîëãî-Àõòóáèíñêîé ïîéìå îòìå÷àåòñÿ äî180 ïàð (Ðóñàíîâ, Êðèâîíîñîâ, Âèíîãðà-äîâ, 1983); â äåëüòå Âîëãè – äî 160 ïàð(Ðóñàíîâ, 1978); â Çàïàäíîì Èëüìåííî-Áóãðîâîì ðàéîíå – äî 20 ïàð (óñòíîå ñî-îáùåíèå Ñóëåéìàíîâà Ð.Ð.). Ãí¸çäà îðëà-íû ïðåäïî÷èòàþò ñòðîèòü â ðàçâèëêàõñòàðûõ âûñîêèõ äåðåâüåâ, â Íèæíåì Ïî-âîëæüå – ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî íà èâàõ (âåò-ëàõ), ðàñòóùèõ âäîëü âîäî¸ìîâ. Î÷åâèäíî,÷òî â ðÿäå ñëó÷àåâ äåôèöèò ñòàðûõ äåðå-âüåâ, ïðèãîäíûõ äëÿ ãíåçäîâàíèÿ, ÿâëÿåò-ñÿ îäíèì èç ñóùåñòâåííûõ ëèìèòèðóþùèõôàêòîðîâ äëÿ äàííîãî âèäà.

19 ìàÿ 2001 ã. â îêðåñòíîñòÿõ ïîñåëêàÄîñàíã Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî ðàéîíà â ëåâîáåðåæ-íîé ÷àñòè Àñòðàõàíñêîé îáëàñòè íàìè áûëî

The White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaetus albicilla)is in the Red Data books of Russia (category3). The Nizhnee Povolzhye (region of theVolga River’s lower part) is the one of theregions of Russia, where number of this spe-cies is stable and high. More than 180 pairbreed in Volga-Achtubinsk flood plain (Ru-sanov, Krivonosov, Vinogradov, 1983);about 160 pairs are in the delta of the Volga(Rusanov, 1978); and about 20 pairs are inthe Western Ilmenno-Bugrovoy region (perscom. Suleymanov R.R.). The White-TailedEagles use to nest old high trees, especiallyosiers grow along waters in the NizhneePovolzhye. Deficit of old trees available fornesting is one of the main limiting factorsfor the species type in the Nizhnee Pov-olzhye.

We found a nest of the White-Tailed Ea-gle on the 19 of May 2001 in vicinities ofvillage Dosang of Astrakhan district (on theVolga left riverside). The nest was locatedon an electric pole of a high-voltage elec-tric line. The nesting pole was far from aflood plain on 2–3 km.

The nest was located into the horizontalpart of a pole on the height near 25 metresfrom the ground. Two large chicks were inthe nest.

This was the first known us event of nest-ing the White-Tailed Eagle on an electricpole for nine years of work in the NizhneePovolzhye. Usually only the Long-LeggedBuzzard (Buteo rufinus) and the Steppe Ea-gle (Aquila nipalensis) such nest.

On the 28 of May 2005 we surveyed thisregion and checked the nest. Either as in2001, 2 juvenile of the White-Tailed Eaglewere found.

Contact (11).

Short reportsКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ

Nesting of the White-Tailed Eagle on powerlines in the Astrahandistrict, Russia

ГНЕЗДОВАНИЕ ОРЛАНА-БЕЛОХВОСТА НА ОПОРЕВЫСОКОВОЛЬТНОЙ ЛЭП В АСТРАХАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ, РОССИЯ

M.V. Pestov (Amphibian and Reptiles Protection Society within the Ecocenter Dront,N.Novgorod, Russia)М.В. Пестов (Общество охраны амфибий и рептилий при Э оцентре «Дронт»,Н.Нов ород, Россия)

(11) Êîíòàêò:Ìàðê ÏåñòîâÎáùåñòâî îõðàíûàìôèáèé è ðåïòèëèéïðè Ýêîöåíòðå «Äðîíò»603000 ÐîññèÿÍ.Íîâãîðîä, à/ÿ 631òåë.: (8312) 30 25 [email protected]

(11) Contact:Mark PestovAmphibian and ReptilesProtection Societyunder Ecocenter DrontP.O. Box 631Nizhniy Novgorod603000 Russiatel.: (8312) 30 25 [email protected]

Ãíåçäà îðëàíà-áåëîõâî-ñòà (Haliaetus albicilla) íàèâå è íà îïîðå ËÝÏ.Ôîòî Ì. Ïåñòîâà

Nests of the White-TailedEagle (Haliaetus albicilla)on the osier tree and onan electric pole. Photo byM. Pestov

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 366

îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà, ðàñ-ïîëîæåííîå íà Ï-îáðàçíîé îïîðå âûñî-êîâîëüòíîé ËÝÏ. Ýòà ËÝÏ ïðîõîäèò ïàðàë-ëåëüíî Âîëãî-Àõòóáèíñêîé ïîéìå. Îïîðàñ ãíåçäîì óäàëåíà îò ïîéìû íà 2–3 êì.

Ïòåíöû îðëàíà-áåëîõâî-ñòà (Haliaetus albicilla) âãíåçäå íà îïîðå ËÝÏ.Ôîòî Ì. Ïåñòîâà

The chicks of the White-Tailed Eagle (Haliaetusalbicilla) in the nest on anelectric pole. Photo byM. Pestov

êîòîðîãî òàêîé âàðèàíò ãíåçäîâàíèÿ âïîë-íå îáû÷åí è, íåñêîëüêî ðåæå, – ñòåïíîéîð¸ë (Aquila nipalensis).

28 ìàÿ 2005 ã. íàì âíîâü óäàëîñü ïîñå-òèòü ýòîò ðàéîí è ïðîâåðèòü äàííîå ãíåç-äî. Êàê è â 2001 ã., â í¸ì áûëè îáíàðóæå-íû 2 ìîëîäûõ, ïîëíîñòüþ îïåð¸ííûõîðëàíà. Â ãíåçäå òàêæå áûëè îáíàðóæåíûñâåæèé òîëñòîëîáèê âåñîì îêîëî 1 êã, ÷å-øóÿ êðóïíûõ ðûá è êîñòè çàéöà.

Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ãíåçäîâàíèå êðóïíûõõèùíûõ ïòèö, â òîì ÷èñëå è ðåäêèõ, íà îïî-ðàõ ËÝÏ – ýòî åù¸ îäèí àñïåêò ïðîáëåìû«Ïòèöû è ËÝÏ», îñîáåííî àêòóàëüíîé äëÿçîíû ñòåïåé è ïîëóïóñòûíü þãà Ðîññèè.Ñ÷èòàåì íåîáõîäèìûì ó÷¸ò äàííîãî ôàê-òîðà ïðè ïðîåêòèðîâàíèè è ñòðîèòåëüñòâåËÝÏ. Â îïòèìàëüíîì âàðèàíòå ïðè ñòðîè-òåëüñòâå íîâûõ è ðåêîíñòðóêöèè ñóùåñòâó-þùèõ ËÝÏ äîëæíû áûòü ïðåäóñìîòðåíû íåòîëüêî çàùèòíûå óñòðîéñòâà, ïðåäîòâðàùà-þùèå ãèáåëü ïòèö îò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî òîêà,íî è îáóñòðîéñòâî ñïåöèàëüíûõ ìåñò äëÿãíåçäîâàíèÿ íà îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùèõ (ñïåöè-àëüíî óñòàíîâëåííûõ è íå íàõîäÿùèõñÿïîä íàïðÿæåíèåì) æåëåçîáåòîííûõ îïî-ðàõ. Êîíòàêò (11).

Ëèòåðàòóðà:

Ãàíóñåâè÷ Ñ.À. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò // Êðàñíàÿêíèãà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè. – Ìîñêâà, 2001.Ñ. 443–445.

Ðóñàíîâ Ã.Ì. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò // Áåðåãèòåðåäêèõ ïòèö! – Àñòðàõàíü: Âîëãà, 1978. 7 ñ.

Ðóñàíîâ Ã.Ì., Êðèâîíîñîâ Ã.À., ÂèíîãðàäîâÂ.Â. Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò è ñêîïà â äåëüòå Âîëãè //Îõðàíà õèùíûõ ïòèö. Ìàò-ëû 1-îãî Ñîâåù. ïîýêîëîãèè è îõðàíå õèùíûõ ïòèö. – Ì.: Íàóêà,1983. Ñ. 155 – 158.

Ãíåçäî äèàìåòðîì îêîëî 1,5 ì è âûñî-òîé îêîëî 0,5 ì ðàñïîëàãàëîñü âíóòðè ãî-ðèçîíòàëüíîé ñîñòàâëÿþùåé îïîðû íà âû-ñîòå îêîëî 25 ìåòðîâ îò çåìëè. Â ãíåçäåíàõîäèëèñü äâà êðóïíûõ ðàçíîâîçðàñòíûõïòåíöà. Òàì æå áûëè îáíàðóæåíû îñòàòêèçàäíåé êîíå÷íîñòè çàéöà è áîëüøîå êîëè-÷åñòâî ÷åøóè êðóïíûõ ðûá. Âçðîñëûå ïòè-öû âî âðåìÿ îñìîòðà ãíåçäà ëåòàëè íà ðàñ-ñòîÿíèè íåñêîëüêèõ ñîòåí ìåòðîâ è êãíåçäó íå ïðèáëèæàëèñü.

Çà äåâÿòü ëåò ðàáîòû â Íèæíåì Ïîâîë-æüå ýòî áûë ïåðâûé èçâåñòíûé íàì ñëó÷àéãíåçäîâàíèÿ îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà íà îïîðåËÝÏ. Îáû÷íî æå ýòó ýêîëîãè÷åñêóþ íèøóçàíèìàåò êóðãàííèê (Buteo rufinus), äëÿ

New data of nesting the Peregrine Falcon in Tatarstan Republic, Russia

НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О ГНЕЗДОВАНИИ САПСАНА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕТАТАРСТАН, РОССИЯ

R.A. Hanov (The N. Novgorod branch of RBCU, N.Novgorod, Russia)A.V. Volkova (The deputy director of the Nizhnekamsk Biological and EnvironmentalCenter, Nizhnekamsk, Tatarstan Republik, Russia)Р.А. Ханов (Ниже ородс ое отделение СОПР, Н.Нов ород, Россия)А.В. Вол ова (заместитель дире тора Нижне амс о о э оло о-биоло ичес о оцентра, Нижне амс , Татарстан, Россия)

Ñîêîë-ñàïñàí (Falño peregrinus) âíåñ¸í âÊðàñíûå êíèãè Ðîññèè (êàòåãîðèÿ 2) è Ðåñ-ïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí (êàòåãîðèÿ 1). Ïðåäïî-ëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî â Òàòàðèè ãíåçäèòñÿ íå áîëåå10 ïàð ñàïñàíîâ, è çà ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò äî-ñòîâåðíî óñòàíîâëåíî ãíåçäîâàíèå ëèøü 3-õ ïàð (Ïàâëîâ, 1995; Êàðÿêèí, 2005).

The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) isin the Red Data books of Russia (category 2)and the Republic of Tartarstan (category 1).

Not more than 10 pairs of the PeregrineFalcon are expected to breed in Tatarstan,and for last 10 years only 3 pairs were foundto breed (Pavlov, 1995; Karyakin, 2005)

Short reports Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 67

In the first decade of July near Nizh-nekamsk in the course of working a babyecological field camp during an excursionthe Peregrine Falcon was met. Later underthe additional survey of region the nest withthe fledgling at an age 38–40 days wasfound. The nest was located on a ledge of astone cliff of the Kama river on the height25 meters. Contact (12).

Â ïåðâîé äåêàäå èþëÿ íåäàëåêî îò ã.Íèæíåêàìñêà â õîäå ðàáîòû äåòñêîãî ýêî-ëîãè÷åñêîãî ëàãåðÿ âî âðåìÿ îäíîé èç ýê-ñêóðñèé áûë âñòðå÷åí ñàïñàí. Ïîçäíåå,ïðè äîïîëíèòåëüíîì èññëåäîâàíèè ðàéî-íà âñòðå÷è, áûëî îáíàðóæåíî ãíåçäî ñ ãî-òîâûì ê âûëåòó ïòåíöîì â âîçðàñòå 38–40äíåé. Ãíåçäî ðàñïîëàãàëîñü íà êàìåíèñòîìâûñòóïå êðóòîãî áåðåãà ð. Êàìû íà âûñî-òå 25 ìåòðîâ. Êîíòàêò (12).


Ïàâëîâ Þ.È. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) //Êðàñíàÿ êíèãà Ðåñïóáëèêè Òàòàðñòàí. Êàçàíü,1995. Ñ. 56–57.

Êàðÿêèí È.Â. Ñàïñàí (Falco peregrinus) â Âîë-ãî-Óðàëüñêîì ðåãèîíå, Ðîññèÿ. – Ïåðíàòûåõèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà. 2005. ¹1. Ñ. 43–56.

Bird watching was since 1 November2003 to September 2005 in Academgoro-dok of Novosibirsk and the Siberian Bo-tanical Garden.

During the day 21 August 2005 in theBotanical Garden I observed two adultsand one juvenile of the Booted Eagle (Hi-eraaetus pennatus).

In 5 September 2005 the juvenile of theHoney Buzzard (Pernis apivorus) was ob-served on the way to Academgorodok ofNovosibirsk.

During two years the White-Tailed Ea-gles (Haliaeetus albicilla) were observedfour times in the course of autumn migra-tion and once in the course of spring mi-gration.

The Author thanks I.V. Karyakin, V.A.Yudkin and Y.S. Ravkin for the help in thedetermination of birds on photos.

Contact (13).

Interesting notes on the birds of prey near Novosibirsk

ИНТЕРЕСНЫЕ ВСТРЕЧИ ХИЩНЫХ ПТИЦВ ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ НОВОСИБИРСКА

I.F. Zhimulev (The Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of RussianAcademy of Sciences, Novosibirsk)И.Ф. Жим лев (Инстит т цитоло ии и енети и СО РАН, Новосибирс )

Ìîëîäîé ñàïñàí (Falño peregrinus) â ãíåçäå. Ôîòî Ð. Õàíîâà

The fledgling of the Peregrine Falcon (Falño peregrinus) on the nest. Photo by R. Hanov

(12) Êîíòàêò:Õàíîâ ÐîìàíÀëåêñàíäðîâè÷×ëåí Íèæåãîðîäñêîãîîòäåëåíèÿ ÑÎÏÐ603141 ÐîññèÿÍ. Íîâãîðîäóë. Ãàãèíñêàÿ, 9–2òåë.: (8312) 65 48 [email protected]

(12) Contact:Roman A. HanovThe member of theN. Novgorod branchof RBCUThe Gagin str., 9–2Nizhniy Novgorod603141 Russiatel.: (8312) 65 48 [email protected]

Â õîäå ýêñêóðñèé, ïðîõîäèâøèõ â îêðå-ñòíîñòÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêîãî Àêàäåìãîðîäêàè ïðèëåãàþùåãî ê íåìó Öåíòðàëüíîãî Ñè-áèðñêîãî áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà, ñ 1 íîÿáðÿ2003 ã. ïî êîíåö ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. íà ìàð-øðóòàõ îáùåé ïðîòÿæ¸ííîñòüþ îêîëî4000 êì ìíîé áûëè âñòðå÷åíû îð¸ë-êàð-ëèê, îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò è îñîåä. Â ñóùåñòâó-þùèõ ïóáëèêàöèÿõ î ïòèöàõ Àêàäåìãîðîä-êà (Öûáóëèí, 1985), Íîâîñèáèðñêà(Êîçëîâ, 1988) è ïòèöàõ ïîäòà¸æíîé çîíûÇàïàäíîé Ñèáèðè, ãäå ðàñïîëîæåí Íîâî-ñèáèðñê (Þäêèí, 2002), îá ýòèõ âèäàõ ëèáîóïîìèíàåòñÿ âñêîëüçü, ëèáî ñâåäåíèé îíèõ íåò âîîáùå.

Îð¸ë-êàðëèê (Hieraaetus pennatus)21 àâãóñòà 2005 ã. â òå÷åíèå äíÿ â Áîòà-

íè÷åñêîì ñàäó ìíîé áûëè âñòðå÷åíû òðèîðëà-êàðëèêà. Îäíà ïòèöà ñèäåëà íà îñî-êîðå, ðàñòóùåì íà ñêëîíå îâðàãà â áåð¸-çîâî-ñîñíîâîì ëåñó, è ïîäïóñòèëà íà 50ì. Åù¸ äâå ïòèöû áûëè âñòðå÷åíû â ìåë-êîëèñòâåííîì ëåñó ÷åðåç 1,5 êì îò ïåð-âîé. Îáå âçëåòåëè ñ äåðåâüåâ, ïîäïóñòèâíà 30 è 70 ì ñîîòâåòñòâåííî. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ

(13) Êîíòàêò:Èãîðü Ôåäîðîâè÷Æèìóë¸âÇàâåäóþùèé ëàáîðàòî-ðèåé ìîëåêóëÿðíîéöèòîãåíåòèêè, ïðîôåñ-ñîð ×ëåí-êîððåñïîí-äåíò ÐÀÍÈíñòèòóò öèòîëîãèè èãåíåòèêè ÑÎ ÐÀÍÐîññèÿ 630090Íîâîñèáèðñê Àêàäåì-ãîðîäîêÒåë.: (383) 330 16 [email protected]

(13) Contact:Igor F. ZhimulevPh. Dr., Professor ofGenetics Head ofLaboratory of MolecularCytogeneticsThe Institute ofCytology and Geneticsof Siberian Branch ofRussian Academy ofSciencesNovosibirskAcademgorodokRussia 630090tel.: (383) 330 16 [email protected]

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 368

ïòèöà îêàçàëàñü ñë¸òêîì, âåëàñåáÿ áîëåå äîâåð÷èâî è ïî-çâîëèëà äâàæäû ñåáÿ ñôîòîã-ðàôèðîâàòü. Íè äî ýòîãî, íèïîñëå êàðëèêè çäåñü íå íà-áëþäàëèñü.

Îñîåä (Pernis apivorus)5 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. ìîëîäîé

îñîåä áûë âñòðå÷åí ìíîé íàòðîïèíêå â áîëüíè÷íîì êâàð-òàëå Àêàäåìãîðîäêà. Ñëåäóåòîòìåòèòü, ÷òî âåñü áîëüíè÷-

íûé êâàðòàë ïîãðóæåí â ëåñ. Ïòèöà ñèäå-ëà íà ãàçîíå â çàðîñëÿõ ñíûòè îêîëî òðî-ïèíêè è âûêàïûâàëà ÿìêó â çåìëå â ïîèñêàõäîáû÷è. Ïîïûòîê óëåòåòü íå äåëàëà. Óäà-ëîñü ñäåëàòü íåñêîëüêî ôîòîãðàôèé.

Îðëàí-áåëîõâîñò (Haliaeetus albicilla)Çà äâà ãîäà ïðîèçîøëî ïÿòü âñòðå÷ ñ ýòèì

õèùíèêîì íà îñåííåì è âåñåííåì ïðîë¸-òàõ. Îäíà ïòèöà áûëà âñòðå÷åíà ìíîé âöåíòðå Áîòàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà íàä ð. Çûðÿí-êîé 10 îêòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. Ïòèöà áûëà çàìå-÷åíà â 70 ìåòðàõ è çàòåì ïðîëåòåëà ôàê-òè÷åñêè íàä ãîëîâîé. Íà äðóãîé äåíü åù¸îäíà ïòèöà ïðîëåòàëà â ðàáî÷åé çîíå Àêà-äåìãîðîäêà íàä Èíñòèòóòîì öèòîëîãèè èãåíåòèêè. Òðåòüÿ ïòèöà íàáëþäàëàñü â Áî-òàíè÷åñêîì ñàäó áëèæå ê þæíîé åãî ãðà-íèöå 31 îêòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. ×åòâ¸ðòûé îð-ëàí, òàêæå íà îñåííåì ïðîëåòå, áûëâñòðå÷åí 28 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2005 ã. íà ãðàíèöåðàáî÷åé çîíû Àêàäåìãîðîäêà è áåð¸çî-

âûõ êîëêîâ ê âîñòîêó îò íåãî. Íà âåñåí-íåì ïðîëåòå îðëàí íàáëþäàëñÿ 30 àïðåëÿ2005 ã. ïàðÿùèì íàä þæíîé ãðàíèöåé Áî-òàíè÷åñêîãî ñàäà. Êîíòàêò (13).

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè

Àâòîð áëàãîäàðèò È.Â. Êàðÿêèíà, Â.À.Þäêèíà è Þ.Ñ. Ðàâêèíà çà ïîìîùü â îï-ðåäåëåíèè ïòèö ïî ôîòîãðàôèÿì.


Êîçëîâ Í.À. Ïòèöû Íîâîñèáèðñêà. – Ïðî-ñòðàíñòâåííî-âðåìåííàÿ îðãàíèçàöèÿ íàñåëå-íèÿ – Íîâîñèáèðñê. Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íàóêà, Ñè-áèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå. 1988. 157 ñ.

Öûáóëèí Ñ.Ì. Ïòèöû äèôôóçíîãî ãîðîäà. –Íîâîñèáèðñê. Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íàóêà, Ñèáèðñêîåîòäåëåíèå. 1985. 168 ñ.

Þäêèí Â.À. Ïòèöû ïîäòà¸æíûõ ëåñîâ Çàïàä-íîé Ñèáèðè. – Íîâîñèáèðñê, Èçäàòåëüñòâî Íà-óêà. 2002. 487 ñ.

The first record of the Short-Toed Eagle in the Krasnoyarsk Kray

ПЕРВАЯ РЕГИСТРАЦИЯ ЗМЕЕЯДА В КРАСНОЯРСКОМ КРАЕ

I.V. Karyakin (Center for Field Studies, N.Novgorod, Russia)E.G. Nikolenko (Siberian Environmental Center, Novosibirsk, Russia)И.В. Каря ин (Центр полевых исследований, Н.Нов ород, Россия)Э.Г. Ни олен о (МБОО «Сибирс ий э оло ичес ий центр», Новосибирс , Россия)

Ìîëîäîé îð¸ë-êàðëèê(Hieraaetus pennatus).Ôîòî È. Æèìóë¸âà

The fledgling the BootedEagle (Haliaeetus albicil-la). Photo by I. Zhimulev

Ìîëîäîé îñîåä (Pernis apivorus).Ôîòî È. Æèìóë¸âà

The fledgling of the Honey Buzzard(Pernis apivorus). Photo by I. Zhimulev

The modern breeding range of the Short-Toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus) in WesternSiberia and Northern Kazakhstan is endedby the Salair and the Altay mountains.

In 23 June 2005 in 10.00 an adult birdwas observed over cliffs on the Tuba Rivernear Kochergino village. The Short-ToedEagle was flying through the breeding terri-tory of the Peregrine Falcon, was attackedby adult falcons and escaped in the birchforest on cliff right riverside.

Contact (14).

Ñîâðåìåííûé ãíåçäîâîé àðåàë çìååÿäà(Circaetus gallicus) íà âîñòîêå îãðàíè÷åíïåðåäîâûìè ñêëàäêàìè õðåáòîâ Ñàëàèðàè Àëòàÿ. Âîñòî÷íåå Åíèñåÿ íå èçâåñòíûäàæå âñòðå÷è íåðàçìíîæàþùèõñÿ ïòèö.

23 èþíÿ 2005 ã. â 10:00 ïðîëåòàþùàÿâäîëü ñêàë ïòèöà íàáëþäàëàñü íàä ð. Òóáàáëèç ñ. Êî÷åðãèíî Êðàñíîÿðñêîãî êðàÿ.Çìååÿä ïåðåñ¸ê ãíåçäîâîé ó÷àñòîê ñàïñà-íîâ, ïîäâåðãíóâøèñü àòàêå âçðîñëûõ ïòèö,è ñêðûëñÿ â áåð¸çîâîì ëåñó íà êðóòîñê-ëîíå ïðàâîãî áåðåãà ðåêè.

Êîíòàêò (14).

(14) Êîíòàêò:Èãîðü Êàðÿêèíòåë.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected]Ýëüâèðà Íèêîëåíêîòåë./ôàêñ:(383) 339 78 [email protected]

(14) Contact:Igor Karyakintel.: (8312) 33 38 [email protected] Nikolenkotel./fax: (383) 339 78 [email protected]

New Publications and Videos Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 69

GrantsГРАНТЫ

Â ñåíòÿáðå 2005 ã. ñîñòîÿëîñü îòêðûòèå íî-âîãî íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî Ôîíäà äëÿóãðîæàåìûõ ïòèö, êîòîðûé çàìåíÿåò ìåæäó-íàðîäíóþ íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêóþ ñõåìóñóáñèäèé Êîðîëåâñêîãî îáùåñòâà îõðàíûïòèö Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè (RSPB). Áðèòàíñêàÿßðìàðêà íàáëþäåíèÿ ïòèö è RSPB âûäåëÿþòñóáñèäèè âïëîòü äî 2000 $ ÑØÀ äëÿ èññëå-äîâàíèÿ ïî ëþáîìó êðèòè÷åñêè óãðîæàåìî-ìó (CR) èëè óãðîæàåìîìó (EN) âèäó èç Êðàñíî-ãî ñïèñêà IUCN13 âî âñåì ìèðå. Ïðåäïî÷òåíèåîòäà¸òñÿ ïðåòåíäåíòàì, ðàáîòàþùèì â ñâîåéñòðàíå, îñîáåííî, åñëè îíè ðàáîòàþò ñ íà-öèîíàëüíûìè ïàðòíåðàìè BirdLifeInternational. Ñóáñèäèè íå ïðåäóñìàòðèâàþòðàñõîäû íà ìåæäóíàðîäíûå àâèàïåðåë¸òû.

Çàÿâêè ïðèíèìàþòñÿ äî 13 ÿíâàðÿ 2006 ã.Óñïåøíûå ïðîåêòû ïîëó÷àò ôèíàíñèðîâàíèåäî êîíöà ìàðòà 2006 ã. Êîíòàêò (16).

Future Conservationist Awards

КОНКУРС ГРАНТОВ «FUTURE CONSERVATIONIST»

Ïðèðîäîîõðàííàÿ ïðîãðàììà BP åæåãîä-íî âûäåëÿåò îêîëî 20 ãðàíòîâ íà ñóììó12,500 $ êàæäûé. Ãðàíòû ïðèñóæäàþòñÿ êî-ìàíäàì, îáëàäàþùèì ëèäåðñêèì ïîòåíöè-àëîì â ñîõðàíåíèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ äëÿðàçâèâèòèÿ íàâûêîâ â ïðàêòè÷åñêèõ ïðî-åêòàõ îõðàíû ïðèðîäû.

Äëÿ ó÷àñòèÿ â êîíêóðñå 2006 ã. íåîáõîäèìîîòïðàâèòü ïîëíîñòüþ çàïîëíåííóþ çàÿâêó-àí-êåòó11 íà àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ìåíåäæåðó ïðî-ãðàììû äî 16 äåêàáðÿ 2005 ã.

Â êîíêóðñå ìîãóò ó÷àñòâîâàòü òîëüêî ãðàæ-äàíå ñòðàí, ðàòèôèöèðîâàâøèå Ñîãëàøåíèåïî Îðãàíèçàöèè Ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî Ñîòðóäíè-÷åñòâà è Ðàçâèòèÿ12. Êîìàíäû-çàÿâèòåëè äîë-æíû âêëþ÷àòü íå ìåíåå 3-õ èñïîëíèòåëåé ââîçðàñòå äî 35 ëåò è ñî ñòàæåì ðàáîòû â ýòîéîáëàñòè íå áîëåå 2-õ ëåò. Ïðîåêò äîëæåí ïðåä-ïîëàãàòü ðàçâèòèå ÷ëåíîâ ãðóïïû êàê ëèäåðîâ.Òàêæå áóäåò ó÷èòûâàòüñÿ ïðèçíàííûé ìåæ-äóíàðîäíûé ïðèîðèòåò âèäîâ äëÿ ñîõðàíå-íèÿ áèîðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ñîãëàñíî ìåæäóíàðîä-íîìó Êðàñíîìó ñïèñêó IUCN13. Ñðîê ïðîåêòàìîæåò áûòü îò 3 äî 12 ìåñÿöåâ. Êîíòàêò (15).

In September 2005 the opening of the newBirdfair/RSPB Research Fund for EndangeredBirds, which replaces the RSPB InternationalResearch Grants scheme. The British Bird-watching Fair and the RSPB together offergrants of up to US$2,000 for research on anyspecies listed by IUCN13 as Critically Endan-gered (CR) or Endangered (EN), anywhere inthe world. We give preference to applicantsworking in-country, especially when they workfor or with the local BirdLife Partner organisa-tion. Grants will not be provided for interna-tional air travel.

The closing date for this year’s awards is13 January 2006. Successful projects will re-ceive funding before the end of March 2006.

Contact (16).

BP Conservation Programm will offere anuallyapproximately 20 Future ConservationistAwards of up to $12,500 each to teams thathave been identified with leadership potentialfor biodiversity conservation and are developingtheir skills through practical conservation projects.

To apply for the 2006 Future ConservationistAwards project teams must submit a complet-ed application form11 in English to the Pro-gramme Manager by 16th December 2005.

Teams must show clearly how the project willbuild the skills and capabilities of individualteam members; show potential for leadershipas good ambassadors for the work they aredoing; include a minimum of three people, lessthan 35 years of age with no more than twoyears professional experience.

Projects must be 3–12 months in length; takeplace outside countries that have ratified theConvention on the Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development12; address a rec-ognised international biodiversity conservationpriority at the species according to the IUCNinternational red list13. Contact (15).

(16) Contact:Dr Paul F DonaldSenior ResearchBiologistInternational ResearchTeam RSPBThe Lodge SandyBedfordshireSG19 2DL UKtel.: +44 (0)1767 680551fax: +44 (0)1767 692365www.rspb.org.uk

11 http://conservation.bp.com/applications/application.asp12 http://www.oecd.org/13 http://www.redlist.org

(15) Contact:Marianne DunnProgramme ManagerBP ConservationProgrammeBirdLife International/FFIWellbrook Court,Girton Road, CambridgeCB3 0NA, UKfax: +22 1223 [email protected]

Birdfair/RSPB Research Fund for Endangered Birds

НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ФОНД ДЛЯ УГРОЖАЕМЫХПТИЦ БРИТАНСКОЙ ЯРМАРКИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ПТИЦ И RSPB

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìûÏåðíàòûå õèùíèêè è èõ îõðàíà 2005, 370

Ê. Ïàïàçîãëîó, Ê. Êðåéñåð, Ç. Âàëèñç-êèé, ß. Áàðôèëä. Ïòèöû â Åâðîñîþçå:îöåíêà ñòàòóñà. 2004. Íèäåðëàíäû:BirdLife International. 50 ñòð.14

Â íàñòîÿùåì îáçîðå BirdLife Internationalïðåäñòàâëÿåò:

1. Îò÷¸ò î ñòàòóñå ïòèö íà Ïàí-åâðîïåé-ñêîì ïðîñòðàíñòâå è â 25 ñòðàíàõ – ÷ëå-íàõ Åâðîñîþçà, ïîäïèñàâøèõ Äèðåêòèâóïî ìèãðèðóþùèì ïòèöàì, áàçèðóþùèéñÿíà äàííûõ ýêñïåðòîâ.

2. Ðåêîìåíäàöèè ïî ïëàíàì äåéñòâèé äëÿóñòðàíåíèÿ âûÿâëåííûõ ïðîáëåì â áóäóùåì.

3. Äâà èñ÷åðïûâàþùèõ ñïèñêà âèäîâ,âíåñ¸ííûõ â Ïðèëîæåíèÿ I è II, Äèðåêòèâóïî ìèãðèðóþùèì ïòèöàì c óêàçàíèåì èõïðèðîäîîõðàííîãî ñòàòóñà. Êîíòàêò (15).

Åâãåíèé Ïîòàïîâ è Ðè÷àðä Ñýéë. Êðå-÷åò. Poyser and Yale University Press.2005. 284 ñ. ISBN: 030010778115.

Ýòà êíèãà ÿâëÿåòñÿ íàèáîëåå ïîëíûì ñïðà-âî÷íèêîì ïî ñàìîìó áîëüøîìó ñîêîëó âìèðå – êðå÷åòó (Falco rusticolus). Â êíèãåïîäðîáíî îïèñàíà áèîëîãèÿ, ýêîëîãèÿ èâîïðîñû îõðàíû êðå÷åòà, ïðèâîäÿòñÿ íîâåé-øèå äàííûå î áèîëîãèè ýòîãî âèäà. Ïîñåòèâêàæäóþ ñòðàíó â àðåàëå êðå÷åòà, ÅâãåíèéÏîòàïîâ è Ðè÷àðä Ñýéë ïðèâîäÿò íàèáîëååïîäðîáíóþ êàðòó ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ñîêîëà.Àâòîðû âîññòàíîâèëè òðàäèöèîííîå Ëèííååâ-ñêîå íàó÷íîå íàçâàíèå âèäà – Falco gyrfalco.

Ìîíîãðàôèÿ ñîäåðæèò ðàçäåëû: Ïàëåî-áèîãåîãðàôèÿ, ñèñòåìàòèêà è ìîðôîìåò-ðèÿ, Ïîëåâûå ïðèçíàêè è öâåòîâûå âàðè-àöèè, Ðàñïîñòðàíåíèå, ×èñëåííîñòü è å¸äèíàìèêà, Ìåñòà îáèòàíèÿ è ïðåäïî÷èòà-åìûå áèîòîïû, Ïèòàíèå, Öèêë ðàçìíîæå-íèÿ, Äèñïåðñèÿ, ñåçîííûå ïåðåìåùåíèÿ èçèìíåå ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèå, Êîíêóðåíòû, íà-õëåáíèêè è âíóòðèâèäîâûå îòíîøåíèÿ,×åëîâåê è Ñîêîë, Óãðîçà èñ÷åçíîâåíèÿ èîõðàíà. Êíèãà ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èíòåðåñ äëÿäîâîëüíî øèðîêîé àóäèòîðèè îðíèòîëî-ãîâ, ýêîëîãîâ, âåòåðèíàðîâ, ñîêîëÿòíèêîâè âñåõ, êîìó èíòåðåñíû õèùíûå ïòèöû.

Öåíà êíèãè 45 äîëëàðîâ ÑØÀ.

Birds in the European Union: a status as-sessment. Compiled by C. Papazoglou, K.Kreiser, Z. Waliczky, I. Burfield, 2004.Wageningen, The Netherlands: BirdLifeInternational. 50 p.14

In particular, BirdLife International presentswithin this review:

1. A report, article by article of the Direc-tive, of the status of birds at the Pan-Euro-pean level and at the level of the EU withits current 25 Member States (EU25), as-sessing, where possible, the impact of theBirds Directive (79/409/EEC) for migratorybird species, based on cutting-edge data.

2. Recommendations for action to addressthe challenges identified for the future.

3. Two comprehensive lists of the spe-cies listed on Annex I and Annex II of theBirds Directive with their conservation sta-tus. Contact (15).

Eugene Potapov & Richard Sale. The Gyr-falcon. Poyser and Yale University Press.2005. 284 pages. ISBN: 030010778115.

This book is the definitive guide to the larg-est and most charismatic species of falconin the world, the Gyrfalcon (Falco rustico-lus). With detailed information on life histo-ry characteristics, ecology, conservation is-sues, and much more, the book presents themost accurate, up-to-date, and completeview of this spectacular bird ever published.

Drawing on extensive research and travelto every country within the range of theGyrfalcon, Eugene Potapov and Richard Saledelineate a new map of the bird’s range,conclude that the Gyrfalcon is more adapt-able than previously thought, and restorethe traditional Linnean scientific name of thespecies, Falco gyrfalco. The authors also re-veal that Gyrfalcons, for much of their lives,are true stenophagous raptors, a rarity notonly among raptors but among all birds.

Elegantly illustrated (42 b/w + 48 colorillus) with many photographs and linedrawings, this is an essential volume forornithologists, ecologists, wildlife rehabil-itators, falconers, and all others fascinat-ed by birds of prey.

Price: $45.00.

New Publications and VideosНОВЫЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ И ФИЛЬМЫBooks

КНИГИ

(17) Contact:BirdLife InternationalWellbrook CourtGirton RoadCambridge CB3 0NAUnited Kingdomtel.: +44 (1223) 277318fax: +44 (1223) [email protected]

14 http://www.birdlife.org/action/science/species/birds_in_europe/birds_in_the_eu.pdf15 https://yalepress.yale.edu/YupCart/Cart.asp?prodid=0300107781

Contents Raptors Conservation 2005, 3 71

Ñîäåðæàíèå

Ñîáûòèÿ ................................................................. 3

Ïðîáëåìà íîìåðà ............................................... 18

Àëòàéñêèé êðàé – áóäóùåå îäíîãî èç êðóïíåéøèõðîññèéñêèõ î÷àãîâ ðàçíîîáðàçèÿ ïåðíàòûõõèùíèêîâ çàâèñèò îò ïðèðîäîîõðàííûõ ìåð.È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé ................................................ 18

Èçó÷åíèå ïåðíàòûõ õèùíèêîâ .......................... 28

Êðóïíûå ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè Àëòàéñêîãî êðàÿ.È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, Ñ.Â. Áàêêà,Ì.À. Ãðàáîâñêèé, À.Â. Ðûáåíêî, À.B. Åãîðîâà ... 28

Ïåðíàòûå õèùíèêè ñòåïíûõ ïðåäãîðèéÐóññêîãî Àëòàÿ: íàõîäêè 2005 ãîäà.È.Ý. Ñìåëÿíñêèé, À.À. Òîìèëåíêî ..................... 52

Íîâûå äàííûå ïî ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèþè ÷èñëåííîñòè íåêîòîðûõ õèùíûõ ïòèö è ñîââ Îáñêîì ïðàâîáåðåæüå Íîâîñèáèðñêîéîáëàñòè. È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, À.Â. Ðûáåíêî,Ý.Ã. Íèêîëåíêî ................................................... 54

Êðàòêèå ñîîáùåíèÿ ............................................ 65

Ãíåçäîâàíèå îðëàíà-áåëîõâîñòà íà îïîðåâûñîêîâîëüòíîé ËÝÏ â Àñòðàõàíñêîé îáëàñòè,Ðîññèÿ. Ì.Â. Ïåñòîâ ........................................... 65

Íîâûå äàííûå î ãíåçäîâàíèè ñàïñàíàâ Ðåñïóáëèêå Òàòàðñòàí, Ðîññèÿ.Ð.À. Õàíîâ, À.Â. Âîëêîâà .................................... 66

Èíòåðåñíûå âñòðå÷è õèùíûõ ïòèö âîêðåñòíîñòÿõ Íîâîñèáèðñêà. È.Ô. Æèìóëåâ ..... 67

Ïåðâàÿ ðåãèñòðàöèÿ çìååÿäà â Êðàñíîÿðñêîìêðàå. È.Â. Êàðÿêèí, Ý.Ã. Íèêîëåíêî .................. 68

Ãðàíòû .................................................................. 69

Êîíêóðñ ãðàíòîâ «Future Conservationist» ............. 69

Íàó÷íî-èññëåäîâàòåëüñêèé Ôîíä äëÿóãðîæàåìûõ ïòèö Áðèòàíñêîé ßðìàðêèíàáëþäåíèÿ ïòèö è RSPB .................................... 69

Íîâûå ïóáëèêàöèè è ôèëüìû ........................... 70

Contents

Events ...................................................................... 3

Problem of Number ..............................................18

Altai Kray: the future of the largest raptorialdiversity hotspots depends on urgentconservation measures.I.E. Smelansky ..................................................... 18

Raptors Research.................................................. 28

The Raptors in the Altai Kray. I.V. Karyakin,I.E. Smelansky, S.V. Bakka, M.A. Grabovsky,A.V. Rybenko, A.V. Egorova ................................ 28

The raptors in the steppe of the Russian Altaifoothills – records 2005. I.E. Smelansky,A.A. Tomilenko ...................................................52

New data of distribution and number of somebirds of prey and owls on the right bankof the Ob’ river in the Novosibirsk district.I.V. Karyakin, A.V. Rybenko, E.G. Nikolenko ......... 54

Short reports .........................................................65

Nesting of the White-Tailed Eagle on powerlinesin the Astrahan district, Russia.M.V. Pestov ........................................................ 65

New data of nesting the Peregrine Falconin Tatarstan Republic, Russia.R.A. Hanov, A.V. Volkova .................................... 66

Interesting notes on the birds of prey nearNovosibirsk. I.F. Zhimulev ................................... 67

The first record of the Short-Toed Eaglein the Krasnoyarsk Kray. I.V. Karyakin,E.G. Nikolenko ....................................................68

Grants .................................................................... 69

Future Conservationist Awards ...............................69

Birdfair/RSPB Research Fund for EndangeredBirds ...................................................................69

New Publications and Videos .............................. 70

Îòïå÷àòàíî â òèïîãðàôèè ÍÍÃÓ ñ ãîòîâîãî îðèãèíàë-ìàêåòàËèö. ÏÄ ¹ 18–0099 îò 04.05.01 ã.

603000, ã. Í. Íîâîãîðîä, óë. Á. Ïîêðîâñêàÿ, 37

Raptors Conservation 3/2005

Documents

Transcript of Raptors Conservation 3/2005