RAPID EXCAVATION and TUNNELING CONFERENCE 2015 …

RAPID EXCAVATION and TUNNELING CONFERENCE

2015 PROCEEDINGSEDITED BY MARK C. JOHNSON AND SHEMEK OGINSKI

EDITED BY MARK C. JOHNSON AND SHEMEK OGINSKI

PUBLISHED BY THE

SOCIETY FOR MINING, METALLURGY & EXPLORATION

!SME_RETC15_TitlePg_L2.indd 1 3/19/15 8:51 AM

Copyright © 2015 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration Inc. All rights reserved.

RAPID EXCAVATION and TUNNELING CONFERENCE 2015 PROCEEDINGS

Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc. (SME)12999 East Adam Aircraft CircleEnglewood Colorado 80112(303) 948-4200 / (800) 763-3132www.smenet.org

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Copyright © 2015 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.

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ISBN 978-0-87335-414-1Ebook 978-0-87335-416-5

On the Cover: Photo of Blue Plains Tunnel Project taken by Ted Coyle. Used with permission of DC Water.


iii

CONTENTS

Preface .................................................................................................................................xi

Executive Committee ........................................................................................................ xiii

Session Chairs ..................................................................................................................xiv

International Committee ....................................................................................................xv

Part 1: Caverns and Large SpansHolmestrand Underground Railway Station from Vision to Reality ■ Stine Ilebrekke Undrum, Geir Anders Kildemo ...................................................................... 2

New York City Grand Central Subway Station Planned Modifications and Improvements ■ A. Grigoryan, T. Jablonski, D. Haase ...................................................... 18

Second Avenue Subway Project: Design and Construction of Large Cavern FinalLinings and Penetrations at 86th Street Station ■ Michael Voorwinde,Eci Garavito-Bruhn, Liam Dalton, Richard Giffen ................................................................ 29

Roof Displacements in Pump Station Cavern in the Chagrin Shale ■ Barry Doyle,Mohammad Djavid, Mohammad Moridzadeh, Doug Gabriel .............................................. 40

St. Louis’ Sewer Tunnel Vision ■ Patricia Pride, Mike Robison, Jon Bergenthal,Wojciech Klecan .................................................................................................................. 53

Part 2: Contracting PracticesI-70 Twin Tunnels Widening Using Drill and Blast Under CM/GC Contract ■Koichi Shimomura, Matthew Fowler, Mike Keleman, Conrad Fischer,Matthew Hogan, Sangmin Kim ............................................................................................ 64

Support of Excavation for Roosevelt Station: Successful Partnering OvercomesChallenging Construction Change ■ Indra Banerjee, Hani Habib, Elizabeth Lenker,Ed Shorey, Brad Cowles...................................................................................................... 83

Seattle Light Rail Tunnels Quality Control and Assurance: Stakeholder CollaborationDelivers Successful Project ■ Indra Banerjee, Kevin Sapp, Jim Salley,Mohammad Saleem ............................................................................................................ 91

Integrated Design Process for First Street Tunnel ■ Stephen Young,David Smith, William Levy, Stephen Njoloma ..................................................................... 99

Partnering Through Risk Management: Lake Mead Intake No. 3 Risk Management Approach ■ James Grayson, Jim Nickerson, Erika Moonin ........................112

Construction—You Need Risk-Based Cost Estimating ■ John J. Reilly,Philip Sander, A. Moergeli ..................................................................................................117

Part 3: Design and Planning ICritical Connections: Planning and Preparation Needed for the Eastside Access Project’s Westbound Bypass Jacked Shield Tunnel ■ Frank Perrone, Eric Prantil, Alfred J. Klag Jr. ............................................................................................................... 130


iv Contents

South Hartford CSO Tunnel and Pump Station ■ Verya Nasri, William Bent,William Hogan ................................................................................................................... 140

High Speed Two (HS2)—General Overview of Project with Focus onTunnelling Challenges ■ Colin Rawlings, John Carroll, Mark Leggett,Ben Harland, Ian Gee, Virginia Portal Cabezuelo, Hyuk-il Jung ....................................... 152

Evolution of Large-Diameter TBM Road Tunnel Design ■ Harry Asche, Gerry Bertakis, Ed Taylor .................................................................................................. 180

Project Configuration and Design Challenges for the City of Ottawa Combined Sewage Storage Tunnel Project ■ Anil Dean, Steven Fradkin, Camilo Quintero,Randy Dempsey, Adrien Comeau, Don Del Nero ............................................................. 194

Modelling of Ground Deformation Control Induced by Slurry Shield Tunnelling ■ Zili Li, Jacob Grasmick, Mike Mooney ............................................................................... 203

Part 4: Design and Planning IIContinuing a Legacy of Large-Diameter Hard Rock Tunneling in Chicago—The Des Plaines Inflow Tunnel ■ Cary Hirner, Kevin Fitzpatrick, Carmen Scalise,Faruk Oksuz, Brian Gettinger, Brian Glynn ....................................................................... 214

Elements of the Istanbul Strait Highway Tunnel ■ Gordon Clark,Raymond Castelli, Donald Richards, Tolga Toğan, Başar Arıoğlu, Öncü Gönenç ............ 223

Design and Construction Considerations for the Blacklick Creek SanitaryInterceptor Sewer Project in Franklin County, Ohio ■ Irwan Halim,Nicholas Domenick, Michael Nuhfer, Jamie Goldsberry ................................................... 239

Deep Tunnel Pump Station—Design/Construction ■ Michael Miller, John Morgan ......... 253

Decision Process and Criteria for Selection of a Preferred Tunnelling Method ■ Brian Fulcher, Lok Home, Eric Hudson-Smith ................................................................... 261

Part 5: Design-Build ProjectsUrban Challenges of the Downtown Los Angeles Regional Connector Tunnel Project ■ W.H. Hansmire, G. Roy, M.F. Smithson ................................................ 288

Concrete Operations at the 86th Street Station for the 2nd Avenue Subway Line ■ Charles Schoch, Scott Hoffman, Anil Parikh ........................................... 298

PPP Mode for Procurement of Lines 2 and 4 of Lima Metro ■ Andrea Lavagno,Nicola Ruga, Christy García Godos Naveda ..................................................................... 308

Unique Characteristics of the Design and Construction of the Second Midtown Tunnel in Hampton Roads, Virginia ■ S.C. Quinn, I.J. Chaney, D.S. Francis .................. 321

Practical Aspects of Final Design Development Using Design-Build Procurement ■ Geoffrey Hughes, Mark Kroncke, Moussa Wone .................................... 330

The Planning and Procurement Process of the Northeast Boundary Tunnel (NEBT) Project: DC Water–District of Columbia ■ Moussa Wone, William Levy,Christopher Allen, Carlton M. Ray ..................................................................................... 338

Part 6: Difficult GroundChallenges and Methods Utilized to Excavate Rock for an Escalator Incline Through aLuxury High-Rise Building in Manhattan ■ Adam Smith, Anisa Dhimarko,James Collins .................................................................................................................... 352


Contents v

Combined Solution Karlsruhe, Heavy/Light Rail Tunnel and Light Rail Boulevard,Germany Inner-City Tunnel Advance at Little Overburden in Difficult Geology ■ Helmut Göhringer, Marko Schimmelpfennig, Frank Nenninger ......................................... 365

Case History of Canopy Tubes Used in Metro Expansions in Santiago, Chile, and Vienna, Austria ■ Timothy Avery, Daniel Porubsky, Carlos Leigh, Henry Martinez .......... 381

Tunnels, Tiebacks, and Piles: A Design Case History of Dealing with Obstructions ■ James Parkes, Harald Cordes, John Wisniewski .............................................................. 389

Abu Hamour Tunnel Project in Doha, Qatar ■ Mohammad Reza Jafari,Francois Bernardeau, Jacek B. Stypulkowski, Amel A.F.M. Siyam ................................... 401

Part 7: Future ProjectsAlbany Park Stormwater Diversion Tunnel Connecting Chicago River and North Shore Channel ■ M. Djavid, Vasile Jurca, N. Djavid, M. Moridzadeh .................... 414

Bypass Tunnel: Bad Rock, High Water Pressures, and a Challenging Connection ■ Edward (Ted) Dowey, Z. Bade Sozer, Paolo M. Brion ............................... 428

Evolution of a Mega Project: Update on the Bay Delta Tunnels Project ■ John Bednarski, Jay Arabshahi, Howard Lum, Sergio Valles, Gordon Enas .................... 439

Digging to the Beach: The Final Design of the JWPCP Effluent Outfall Tunnel Project ■ David Haug, David Yankovich, Jon Kaneshiro, Steve Dubnewych .................. 450

Maryland Transit Authority Red Line (MTA RL) Project—Major Light Rail Expansion in Baltimore, Maryland ■ Samer Sadek, Dwight Chewning ........................... 462

“BART to San Jose” Phase II—Silicon Valley Santa Clara Extension (SVSX) ■ Michael J. Lehnen, Krishna Davey .................................................................................... 470

Part 8: Geotechnical Considerations IContractor’s Approach for WTP4 S-101 Intake, Tunnels, and Shafts Construction ■ Satoshi Akai, Shusaku Mino, Teiji Kobayashi, Darrell Liebno ........................................... 484

Controlling Ground Movement on the SR 99 Alaskan Way Viaduct ReplacementTunnel ■ Edward J. Cording, Jack T. Nakagawa, Cody Z. Painter,Justin J. McCain, Jorge Vazquez, Anthony F. Stirbys ....................................................... 493

Construction Challenges of the Central Subway’s TBM Launch Shaft and Station’s Headwalls ■ Mikael Calando, Boris Caro Vargas ...................................... 509

Evaluation of Slurry TBM Design Support Pressures Using East Side Access Queens Bored Tunnels Data ■ Jacob Grasmick, Mike Mooney, Brock Rysdahl,Eric Prantil, Andrew Thompson ......................................................................................... 521

Key Features Influencing the Design, the Performance, and the Cost-Efficiency of an Instrumentation and Monitoring Program ■ Loic Galisson, Zeyrek Birsen ....................... 531

Part 9: Geotechnical Considerations IITunneling Under the Norris Cut Channel ■ Eugene Mirsky ............................................. 540

Calculation of Volume Loss Using Machine Data from Two Slurry TBMs During theExcavation of the Queens Bored Tunnels ■ Brock Rysdahl, Mike Mooney,Jacob Grasmick ................................................................................................................. 554

Central Subway Tunnel Construction Instrumentation: Lessons Learned, San Francisco, California ■ Kenneth A. Johnson, Michael V. Wolski, Ryan O. McCarter ....... 564


vi Contents

Old vs. New: Comparing the Construction of the Existing and New Irvington Tunnels ■ Adam M. Wirthlin, Rebecca Fusee, David Tsztoo, Theodore Feldsher .......... 583

Characterizing and Baselining Faults for Tunneling ■ Steven W. Hunt, Eugene Smith, Erika Moonin ............................................................................................. 600

Part 10: Ground Support and Final LiningTop-Down Construction for Tunnel Portal Walls in Karstic Limestone ■ Charles A. Stone, Eric C. Wang ........................................................................................ 618

A One-Pass Synthetic Fibre-Reinforced Shotcrete Tunnel Lining for a Very Shallow Cover Tunnel, North Strathfield Rail Underpass ■ Ted Nye ............................... 628

McCook MTS Bifurcating Steel Liner Backfill Concrete ■ Josh Morton ........................... 638

Some Concepts for Segmental Linings in Squeezing Rock ■ Florence Mezger, Marco Ramoni, Georgios Anagnostou .............................................................................. 646

Bonded Strip Termination Using Plastic Waterproofing Sheet Membranes on Segmental Tunnel Linings as an Effective and Economic Alternative to Clamping Constructions ■ Stefan Lemke, Hendrik Schaelicke, Thomas Gerstewitz ... 659

Part 11: Grouting and Ground ModificationCompensation Grouting for the East Side Access Northern Boulevard Crossing ■ Paul Schmall, Adam Curry, Frank Perrone, Jeffrey Rice ................................................... 674

Ground Freezing for Tunnel Cross Passages: First Application in North America ■ David M. Mueller, Joseph A. Sopko, Roger B. Storry, Robert Chamberland ..................... 682

TYSSE Tunneling Test Section and Excavation Beneath Schulich Building ■ Gary J.E. Kramer, Hossein Bidhendi, Edward Cording, Dave Walters, Edward Poon ..................................................................................................................... 690

Pre-Excavation Grouting for the OARS Relief Sewer, Phase 2 Shafts and Adits, Columbus, Ohio ■ Lucian P. Spiteri, Alan Zeni, Michael Nuhfer, Raisa L. Pesina ........... 707

Jet Grout Ground Improvement for Tunnel Launch and Retrieval Locations on Sound Transit’s Northgate Link Extension Project ■ Colin Lavassar, Justin Reeves, Adam Gerondale, Mike Blanding, Brad Cowles, Jim Salley ............................................. 718

Performance Analysis of Fly Ash in Two-Component Grouts ■ Phillip Antunes ............... 727

Part 12: Hard Rock TunnelingTBM Mining for the Deep Rock Tunnel Connector Project in Indianapolis, Indiana ■ Michael Stolkin, Eric Haacke, Mark Guay ........................................................ 736

Design of the Headrace Tunnel Segmental Lining for the Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project ■ Leonardo Ariza, Marika Mullerova, Mike Palmer, Nicholas Swannell, Antonio de Biase ............................................................................................................... 744

Blue Lake Hydroelectric Expansion Project—Tunnel Excavations ■ Kellan Osborne, Ben Roberds, Travis Schulze ................................................................. 755

Drill-and-Blast Excavation in Congested, High-Visibility Area ■ Caroline M. Purcell ....... 764

Black River Tunnel Phase 1: A Case Study in Construction of an Underground Combined Sanitary Storage Tunnel in Ohio Shale ■ J. Edberg, J. Brown, S. Pearson, M. Hedrick, G. Rehak .................................................................................... 770

Planning, Design, and Construction Considerations for a Drill-and-Blast Utility Tunnel Underneath the Montreal Neurologic Institute with Highly Sensitive Equipment at McGill University Campus ■ Jean Habimana, Gary J.E. Kramer, Gordon Revey ............ 784


Contents vii

Part 13: Major ProjectsThe $1.4B Waterview Connection Motorway Tunnels—Outcomes and Progress from a Client’s Perspective ■ Peter Spies, Sumi Eratne, Tom Ireland ............................. 798

Blue Plains Tunnel Case History ■ Brett R. Zernich, Michael R. Jatczak,Jason C. DiIuli, Nick R. Tabor, Joshua S. Jonasen ........................................................... 810

Extreme Excavation in Fractured Rock and Squeezing Ground at Turkey’s Kargı Hydroelectric Project: A Comparison of TBM and Drill-and-Blast Methods ■ Jim Clark ........................................................................................................ 842

Delivery of Crossrail Western Tunnels ■ Andy Alder, Dan Callaghan .............................. 851

Auckland City Rail Link—The First 100 Years ■ Bill Newns, Steve Hawkins,Tom Ireland ........................................................................................................................ 868

Part 14: New and Innovative TechnologiesSynthetic Fiber Reinforcement for the Cast in Place Final Tunnel Liner at theEuclid Creek Tunnel Project ■ Jarrett E. Carlson, Donald C. Wotring,Robert J. Auber, Michael G. Vitale .................................................................................... 882

A Controversial Discussion Regarding the Use of Spray-Applied Waterproofing for Tunnel Applications ■ Stefan Lemke, Pamela S. Moran ............................................. 890

Web-Based Process Controlling of Shield Tunnelling ■ U. Maidl, J. Stascheit ................ 901

Design of High Head Temporary Concrete Tunnel Plug ■ Jasbir Singh,Mantu Baishya, Benjamin Kenny, Travis Boatwright ......................................................... 909

Challenges in Tunneling with a Hard Rock Slurry TBM in Columbus, Ohio ■Bob Rautenberg, Kenji Yamauchi, Paul Smith, Greg Fedner, Michael Hall ...................... 922

Part 15: Pressurized Face TBM Case Histories ILake Mead Intake No. 3—TBM Tunneling at High Pressures ■ Jim Nickerson,Roberto Bono, Claudio Cimiotti, Erika Moonin .................................................................. 936

London Power Tunnels—3-m TBM Tunnel Drive (Evelyn) ■ Lennart Stenman,Angus Mackenzie, David Green ........................................................................................ 947

TBM Cuttinghead Interventions at Eglinton-Scarborough Crosstown TunnelConstruction (ECLC1-15) ■ Jumpei Yamashita, Osamu Nishikokura,Malcolm Sheehan, Christopher Stewart ............................................................................ 962

Preparation for Tunneling, Northgate N125 Project in Seattle, Washington ■Glen Frank, Brian Hagan, Tyler Sandell, Ehsan Alavi Gharahbagh, Desiree Willis, Michael A. DiPonio, Brad Cowles ...................................................................................... 971

Central Subway Tunnels: Success Under San Francisco ■ Mun Wei Leong,Sarah Holtz Wilson, Alessandro Tricamo, Matthew Fowler ............................................... 986

Rescue and Refurbishment of a TBM Inundated with Flood Waters at the New York City Harbor Siphon Project ■ Roger Cope, Desiree Willis ............................. 1002

Part 16: Risk ManagementRisk Management in Capital Improvement Projects—The DC Clean Rivers ProjectApproach ■ Moussa Wone, Carlton M. Ray, David Corkum, George Teetes,Stephen Lisse .................................................................................................................. 1010

Seattle Fire Department’s Approach to Tunnel Rescue ■ Frank Brennan ..................... 1022


viii Contents

Emergency and Rescue: A New Safety Concept for the Construction of “La Maddalena” Exploratory Adit—High Capacity Rail Line Between Turin (Italy) and Lyon (France) ■ Achille Sorlini, Piergiuseppe Gilli .................................................. 1040

Controlling Risks in Alternate Delivery Methods of Tunnels and Underground Projects ■ David J. Hatem, Nasri Munfah ................................................ 1045

Risk and Contingency Management on Toronto’s Rapid Transit Implementation Program ■ Brian Hamilton, Cian Murphy, Iqbal Hassan ....................... 1054

Part 17: SEM/NATMMined Tunnels to Solve Urban Problems Ottawa’s Choice ■ Enrique Fernández, Humberto Ferrer .............................................................................................................. 1064

Shallow Cover Tunnel Below “Pop’s Fig,” a World’s First, Soft-Ground Tunnel Driven Above the Largest Highway Caverns to Date in the Southern Hemisphere Mined Caverns ■ Hannes Lagger, Taner Aydogmus, Marty Scrogings, Thomas Marcher ....... 1082

SEM Tunnelling in Toronto—Construction ■ R.C. Divito, G.J.E. Kramer, E. Fernández Iglesias, E. Poon ....................................................................................... 1095

East Link—Final Design of the Downtown Bellevue Tunnel ■ Mike Wongkaew, Derek Penrice, Joel Theodore, Brian Patton ....................................................................1116

Crossrail Western Tunnels Technical Aspects ■ Andy Kendall .......................................1130

Ground Freezing Support for SEM Tunnel Excavation in the Kansas City West Bottoms ■ Greg Sanders, Mike Gilbert, Suzie Carpenter, Bon Marie Gardner ...............1143

Part 18: ShaftsConstruction of the NYCDEP Bypass Tunnel Shafts ■ E. Jordan, L. Stepakoff, G. Schmidt, V. Sambrato ..................................................................................................1152

Complex Solutions for Simple Problems—A Case Study on High Head Underwater Base Slab Pours ■ Jason C. Diiulio, Darren L. von Platen, Michael R. Sweet .............................................................................................................1175

Anacostia River Tunnel Project: Engineering During CSO 019 Shafts and Connector Tunnel Construction ■ Pooyan Asadollahi, Shimi Tzobery, Philip Colton, Jonathan Taylor ................................................................................................................1196

The First 8-Meter Diameter Raise Drilled Shaft in North America ■ Richard Sidwell, Tim Averette, Frank Stevens, Alwyn Protheroe ............................................................... 1210

Euclid Creek Tunnel Secant Pile Shaft ■ Donald C. Wotring, Ryan Sullivan, Josh Suffel, Nicolas Willig ............................................................................................... 1213

Part 19: TBM TechnologySuper Diameters—Design Aspects for Very Large TBMs ■ Werner Burger .................. 1222

Managing Data Collection for Large Tunneling Projects, a Complicated Task ■ Ehsan Alavi Gharahbagh, Brian Hagan, Vinit Sethi, Frank Stahl, Christof Wendt, Glen Frank, Michael A. DiPonio, John T. DiPonio ........................................................... 1232

Certainty and Reliability in Mechanized Tunnelling ■ Karin Bäppler, Michael Strässer .............................................................................................................. 1245

Measuring the Compressibility and Shear Strength of Conditioned Sand Under Pressure ■ Lisa Mori, Yuanli Wu, Minsu Cha, Mike Mooney .............................. 1253


Contents ix

Earth Pressure Balance Machine Cutterhead Torque Modeling: Learning from Machine Data ■ Robert Godinez, Hongjie Yu, Mike Mooney, Ehsan Alavi Gharahbagh, Glen Frank ............................................................................. 1261

Performance Prediction Assessments of a Hard Rock TBM Used in Mining Development ■ F.J. Macias, L.N.R. Eide, P.D. Jakobsen, C. Jacobs, A. Bruland .......... 1272

Part 20: Trenchless Tunneling and RehabilitationThe New and Old Bebenroth Tunnel Project in Germany—Tunnelling as Part of The Deutsche Bahn Tunnel Infrastructure Safety Upgrade Program ■ Martin Fischer, Johannes Jaeger .................................................................................... 1290

Surface Deformation Control Based on High-Speed Laser Scanning Systems ■ P. Matter, O. Schneider.................................................................................................... 1302

Pipe Jacking Big Time! ■ Klaus Rieker .......................................................................... 1310

Tunneling for the Paradise Whitney Interceptor, Project 669, Las Vegas, Nevada ■ Rebecca Brock, Robin Dornfest, Greg Gould ............................................... 1320

Dugway West Interceptor Relief Sewer Microtunneling CSO Project in Cleveland, Ohio ■ Doug Lopata, David Mast, Steven Benton, Bob Budzilek, Rob Dill ............................................................................................................................ 1326

Part 21: Tunnel Safety and Other Challenges for the IndustryTunnel Rescue in America—A Realistic View ■ Neil T. Lipski ....................................... 1338

Cleaning Risky Behavior from the Workplace ■ Steve Stier .......................................... 1342

Tale of Two Cities—Subaqueous Tunneling in London and New York City 1879 to 1910 ■ Vincent Tirolo Jr. ................................................................................................ 1351

Engaging Future Generations for the Benefit of the Underground Industry ■ Shawna Von Stockhausen, Phaidra Campbell ................................................................ 1360

Index ............................................................................................................................... 1373


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