RAN Radio Network Optimization Guidelines

RAN

6.1

Radio Network Optimization Guidelines

Issue 01

Date 2007-08-30

Part Number

Huawei Technologies Proprietary

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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................1

1 Introduction to Network Optimization.................................................................................1-11.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization.................................................................................1-21.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network Optimization.................................................................................................1-2

2 Network Optimization Startup...............................................................................................2-12.1 Setup of Network Optimization Team............................................................................................................2-22.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and Acceptance Counters...............................................................2-22.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools.................................................................................................2-3

3 Single Site Verification.............................................................................................................3-13.1 Single Site Test Preparations...........................................................................................................................3-33.2 Single Site Verification Test...........................................................................................................................3-3

4 RF Optimization.........................................................................................................................4-14.1 RF optimization Test Preparations..................................................................................................................4-34.2 RF optimization Data Collection.....................................................................................................................4-34.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis......................................................................................................................4-44.4 RF Optimization Implementation....................................................................................................................4-5

5 Service Optimization.................................................................................................................5-15.1 Service Optimization Data Collection.............................................................................................................5-45.2 Service Optimization Data Analysis...............................................................................................................5-45.3 Service Optimization Implementation............................................................................................................5-6

6 Network Acceptance..................................................................................................................6-16.1 Network Acceptance Counters........................................................................................................................6-2

6.1.1 Drive Test Counters...............................................................................................................................6-26.1.2 Performance Counters............................................................................................................................6-4

6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance Report........................................................................................................6-5

7 Network Optimization Tools...................................................................................................7-17.1 Probe................................................................................................................................................................7-27.2 Assistant..........................................................................................................................................................7-27.3 Nastar..............................................................................................................................................................7-6

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Figures

Figure 1-1 Flow chart for radio network optimization.........................................................................................1-3Figure 2-1 Organization of the optimization team...............................................................................................2-2Figure 3-1 Flow chart for single site verification.................................................................................................3-2Figure 4-1 Flow chart for RF optimization..........................................................................................................4-2Figure 5-1 Flow chart for service optimization....................................................................................................5-2

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines Figures

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Tables

Table 2-1 Tools required for radio network optimization....................................................................................2-3Table 6-1 3G network KPI of the drive test and cell quality test.........................................................................6-2Table 6-2 3G network quality KPI of performance data......................................................................................6-4Table 7-1 Functions of the Assistant....................................................................................................................7-3Table 7-2 Functions of Nastar..............................................................................................................................7-7

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines Tables

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About This Document

PurposeRadio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radionetwork optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances networkservice quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiencesfor the future network expansion. This document describes the RAN radio network optimization.The phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RFoptimization, service optimization, and network acceptance.

Related VersionsThe following table lists the product versions related to this document.

Product Name Version

RNC V200R009

NodeB V100R008

Intended Audience

This document is intended for:

l Network planners

Update HistorySee Changes in RAN Network Optimization Guidelines.

Organization

1 Introduction to Network Optimization

Radio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radionetwork optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances networkservice quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiencesfor the future network expansion.

2 Network Optimization Startup

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Issue 01 (2007-08-30) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 1

Network optimization startup consists of forming the optimization team, preparing tools, anddetermining acceptance counters.

3 Single Site Verification

Single site verification checks the site performance and cell performance. Single site verificationis a self-test of the cell equipment performance. Single site verification guarantees the basic cellfunctions (access, call, and handover) before the RF optimization.

4 RF Optimization

The purposes of the RF optimization consists of optimizing the signal coverage, controlling thenoise interference and pilot pollution, and ensuring the proper signal coverage for future serviceoptimization.

5 Service Optimization

During the service optimization, you can optimize the service and make the network countersmeet the acceptance requirements. The service optimization analyzes the drive test data andperformance data to solve service problems and improve the network counters to meet theacceptance requirements.

6 Network Acceptance

Based on the performance data and drive test, the network acceptance checks if the optimizednetwork meets the optimization counters, evaluate the optimized network quality, and displaythe network optimization.

7 Network Optimization Tools

Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis and can simplify thenetwork optimization and improve the working efficiency. The tools that you use during networkoptimization are: Probe, Assistant, and Nastar.

Conventions

1. Symbol Conventions

The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows

Symbol Description

DANGERIndicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided,will result in death or serious injury.

WARNINGIndicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, ifnot avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

CAUTIONIndicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided,could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performancedegradation, or unexpected results.

TIP Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save yourtime.

About This DocumentRAN


2 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 01 (2007-08-30)

Symbol Description

NOTE Provides additional information to emphasize or supplementimportant points of the main text.

2. General Conventions

Convention Description

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files,directories,folders,and users are in boldface. Forexample,log in as user root .

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Terminal display is in Courier New.

3. Command Conventions


Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic Command arguments are in italic.

[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional.

{x | y | ...} Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by verticalbars.One is selected.

[ x | y | ... ] Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets andseparated by vertical bars.One or none is selected.

{ x | y | ... } * Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by verticalbars.A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ] * Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by verticalbars.A minimum of zero or a maximum of all can be selected.

4. GUI Conventions


Boldface Buttons,menus,parameters,tabs,window,and dialog titles are inboldface. For example,click OK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs.For example,choose File > Create > Folder .

5. Keyboard Operation

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Issue 01 (2007-08-30) Huawei Technologies Proprietary 3


Key Press the key.For example,press Enter and press Tab.

Key1+Key2 Press the keys concurrently.For example,pressing Ctrl+Alt+Ameans the three keys should be pressed concurrently.

Key1,Key2 Press the keys in turn.For example,pressing Alt,A means the twokeys should be pressed in turn.

6. Mouse Operation

Action Description

Click Select and release the primary mouse button without moving thepointer.

Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quicklywithout moving the pointer.

Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointerto a certain position.

About This DocumentRAN


4 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Issue 01 (2007-08-30)

1 Introduction to Network Optimization

About This Chapter

Radio network optimization adjusts the radio network planning according to principles. Radionetwork optimization ensures more economic and reliable operation and enhances networkservice quality and network resource use. Radio network optimization also provides experiencesfor the future network expansion.

1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network OptimizationThe optimization can be triggered in the phase of network construction or network maintenance.

1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network OptimizationThe phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RFoptimization, service optimization, and network acceptance.

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1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network OptimizationThe optimization can be triggered in the phase of network construction or network maintenance.

l Network constructionRadio network optimization adjusts the operational network planning to better the qualityand efficiency of the radio network.

l Network maintenanceIf the changes of propagation environment and traffic volume make the network qualitygoes worse, the network optimization is triggered and network parameters are modified toensure the stable and efficient operation of the network.

1.2 Flow Chart for Radio Network OptimizationThe phases of the radio network optimization are: project startup, single site verification, RFoptimization, service optimization, and network acceptance.

Figure 1-1 shows the flow chart for radio network optimization.

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Figure 1-1 Flow chart for radio network optimization

Phase Description

Projectpreparations andstartup

According to requirements of the operator for WCDMA network,discuss and determine the final optimization target. This target is one ofthe criteria for network acceptance.

Single siteverification

The radio network optimization group takes part in the optimizationwhen the site begins to carry service. The site verification includes thefollowing:l Verify that the site runs properly and the data configuration is

consistent with the radio network plan.l Collect the information about the site and the surrounding

environment for the future optimization.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 1 Introduction to Network Optimization


Phase Description

RF optimization Radio Frequency (RF) optimization ensures the signal coverage in thenetwork and solves the service problems caused by the RF.Network optimization is based on clusters. The cluster refers to severalsites belonging to the same NodeB.The RF optimization bases on drive test data.The overlapped area should also be optimized.

Serviceoptimization

Service optimization is based on both the drive test data and theperformance data. Service optimization is a supplement to RFoptimization.Service optimization solve service problems, such as access failure, calldrop, and handover failure.

Networkacceptance

According to requirements of the operator, accept the whole network.The network Key Performance Indicator (KPI) should meet therequirements of the operator.

1 Introduction to Network OptimizationRAN



2 Network Optimization Startup

About This Chapter

Network optimization startup consists of forming the optimization team, preparing tools, anddetermining acceptance counters.

2.1 Setup of Network Optimization TeamDuring the project preparations and setup, you should at first determine the organization andmembers of the optimization team.

2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and Acceptance CountersAs the goal of the network optimization, the optimization and acceptance counters must be settledbefore the network optimization.

2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization ToolsEvery optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 2 Network Optimization Startup


2.1 Setup of Network Optimization TeamDuring the project preparations and setup, you should at first determine the organization andmembers of the optimization team.

Figure 2-1 shows the organization of the optimization team.

Figure 2-1 Organization of the optimization team

2.2 Establishment of Network Optimization and AcceptanceCounters

As the goal of the network optimization, the optimization and acceptance counters must be settledbefore the network optimization.

For a network with high quality, the following key indicators should be focused on:

l Coverage ratio

l Call drop rate

l Outgoing access ratio

l Incoming access ratio

l Soft handover rate

l Hard handover rate

l Mean throughput of Packet Switched (PS) service

2 Network Optimization StartupRAN



Acceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data. The acceptance counters varywith different types of network.

l For the new network with few users, most acceptance counters are drive test data.

l For a network that has operated for a period and possesses lots of users, the acceptancecounters consists of both drive test data and performance data.

The specific acceptance counters are determined after the discussion with the operator.

2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization ToolsEvery optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools.

Every optimization team must have at least one set of drive test tools, as shown in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Tools required for radio network optimization

Tool Function

Software tools

Probe Collecting drive test data

Assistant Analyzing drive test data

Nastar Checking the parameter configuration

Hardware tools

Pilot receiver Receiving signals from WCDMA cell pilotchannel

UE under test Testing WCDMA services

Laptop –

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 2 Network Optimization Startup


3 Single Site Verification

About This Chapter

Single site verification checks the site performance and cell performance. Single site verificationis a self-test of the cell equipment performance. Single site verification guarantees the basic cellfunctions (access, call, and handover) before the RF optimization.

The purposes of single site verification are described as follows:

l Through single site verification, the equipment faults can be separated from other problemsduring optimization. For example, the call drop and access failure resulting from equipmentfault is different from call drop and access failure caused by network coverage problem.This differentiation is good for problem location, which can enhance network optimizationefficiency.

l Through single site verification, the personnel can collect the information of site location,site configuration, and surrounding radio environment for future optimization.

The single site verification procedure comprises test preparation, single site test, and correctingproblems. Figure 3-1 shows the flow chart for single site verification.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 3 Single Site Verification


Figure 3-1 Flow chart for single site verification

When all the cells are verified and no equipment fault exists, the single site verification iscomplete. The next phase is RF optimization.

3.1 Single Site Test PreparationsDuring the single site test preparations, you should perform the tasks of checking site status,checking data configuration, and choosing cell to be tested.

3.2 Single Site Verification TestDuring the single site test, check if problems of equipment performance and installation arepresent, and then output the test result .

3 Single Site VerificationRAN



3.1 Single Site Test PreparationsDuring the single site test preparations, you should perform the tasks of checking site status,checking data configuration, and choosing cell to be tested.

The single site test preparations consist of the following tasks:

l Checking site status

Before the site test, prepare the checklist of the NodeBs and their cells and ensure that thecells are in proper status.

l Collecting and checking data configuration

Before the site test, collect the planned data configuration and the data configuration in theRNC, and check if the data configuration in the RNC is consistent with the planned dataconfiguration.

l Choosing cell to be tested

During the equipment performance test, choose the cell whose signal is stronger than itsneighbors.

l Other preparations

– The site under test is allowed to transmit power.

– Obtain the number of the UE under test.

– Check if the UE is a test UE in project mode or a data card.

– Check if the UE battery is fully charged.

– Print the test forms.

– Collect the information of site location, Cell ID, scramble, site azimuth, and antennaazimuth.

3.2 Single Site Verification TestDuring the single site test, check if problems of equipment performance and installation arepresent, and then output the test result .

Tasks you should perform during the single site test are as follows:

l Verifying site configuration

– Frequency check: check if the frequency of the cell to be tested is consistent with theplanned data.

– Scrambling code check: check if the scramble of the cell to be tested is consistent withthe planned data.

– LAC/RAC check: check if the LAC/RAC of the cell to be tested is consistent with theplanned data.

l Verifying site coverage

CPICH_RSCP/CPICH_EcIo check around the site:

– Check if the CPICH_RSCP/CPICH_EcIo received by the UE is higher or lower thanthe threshold.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 3 Single Site Verification


– Check the problems of power amplification, antenna and feeder connection, antennaplacement.

– Check if the antenna downtilt and azimuth do not meet the planning because of theenvironment changes.

l Call test– Voice service dialup test: check if the voice service function works properly.

– Video Phone (VP) service dialup test: check if the VP service function works properly.

– PS service dialup test: check if the PS service function works properly.

3 Single Site VerificationRAN



4 RF Optimization

About This Chapter

The purposes of the RF optimization consists of optimizing the signal coverage, controlling thenoise interference and pilot pollution, and ensuring the proper signal coverage for future serviceoptimization.

The tasks you should perform during RF optimization are as follows:

l Optimizing signal coverage– Optimize the coverage hole to ensure the continuous coverage of the pilot signals.

– Optimize the dominant cells to ensure that the area they cover is neither large nor smalland the overlapped areas are clear.

l Optimizing interference– For the downlink, Interference is represented by good CPICH RSCP and poor CPICH

Ec/Io.– For the uplink, an interference problem exists if the NodeB RTWP is high.

– Find the interference source and solve the interference problem.

l Optimizing pilot pollution– Pilot pollution means that several pilots exist in the same area without a dominant pilot.

– Pilot pollution causes more downlink interference, frequent handovers (cause call drop),and less network capacity.

– Modify the engineering parameters to solve this problem.

l Optimizing other problems– Optimize the neighbor configuration.

– Solve the problems of access and call drop. These problems occur during the tests.

Figure 4-1 shows the flow chart for RF optimization.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 4 RF Optimization


Figure 4-1 Flow chart for RF optimization

4.1 RF optimization Test PreparationsDuring the RF optimization test preparations, you should perform the tasks of determiningoptimization target, grouping clusters, determining test course, and preparing tools andmaterials.

4.2 RF optimization Data CollectionDuring the RF optimization data collection, you should gather UE and Scanner data throughdrive test, indoor measurement, and signal tracing. You should also gathers call tracing data atthe RNC side and RNC configuration data, and check if the data meet the requirement.

4.3 RF Optimization Data AnalysisThrough the RF optimization data analysis, you can locate and analyze coverage problem, pilotpollution problem, and handover failure.

4.4 RF Optimization ImplementationDuring the RF optimization implementation, you can modify the engineering parameters andcell parameters to meet the KPIs.

4 RF OptimizationRAN



4.1 RF optimization Test PreparationsDuring the RF optimization test preparations, you should perform the tasks of determiningoptimization target, grouping clusters, determining test course, and preparing tools andmaterials.

Tasks you should perform during the RF optimization test preparations are described as follows:

l Determining optimization targetThe RF-related KPIs consist of the following items:– Coverage ratio

– Soft handover rate

– Pilot pollution rate

l Grouping clustersBecause of the technical characteristics of UMTS network system, such as cell breathing,frequency multiplexing factor being 1, RF optimization should be conducted on a group ofNodeB sites.

l Determining test courseBefore the drive test, determine the test course after a discussion with the operator. If thedrive test acceptance course is determined, the KPI test course should cover the acceptancecourse.

l Preparing tools and materials

4.2 RF optimization Data CollectionDuring the RF optimization data collection, you should gather UE and Scanner data throughdrive test, indoor measurement, and signal tracing. You should also gathers call tracing data atthe RNC side and RNC configuration data, and check if the data meet the requirement.

The methods of RF optimization data collection are described as follows:

l Drive testAccording to planned service type (full coverage), drive test may choose one of thefollowing tasks:– The continuous VP service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the 3G

network, which does not carry service during the test.– The continuous Voice service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the

3G network, which does not carry service during the test.– The continuous PS384K service test: This test use Scanner and is applicable only to the

3G network, which does not carry service during the test.l Indoor measurement

Indoor measurement measures the full coverage service. This test is required by commercialoffice (with contract) and pilot office (with planning). Its testing method is the same as thatof the drive test.The indoor measurement is mainly conducted at the following places:– Indoor coverage zone, such as building, mall, and subway



– Places of high importance, such as government building and gym

– The test area required by the operator, such as Very Important Cell (VIC) and VeryImportant Person (VIP).

Drive test and indoor measurement are two major methods of data collection. Drive test ismandatory. Indoor measurement is optional according to the contract or planning.

4.3 RF Optimization Data AnalysisThrough the RF optimization data analysis, you can locate and analyze coverage problem, pilotpollution problem, and handover failure.

Coverage AnalysisCoverage analysis is the key part of the RF optimization. The coverage analysis focuses on signaldistribution. Coverage analysis consists of the following activities:l Downlink Coverage analysis

l Uplink Coverage analysis

The common coverage problems are as follows:

l Coverage hole or cells with poor coverageIf the scramble of some cell cannot be detected according to the result of the drive test, itmeans that some NodeB does not transmit power or its antenna is blocked.

l Cross-covering cellIf a cell cross covers, its signal exists in its second-circle neighbors.Cross coverage may result from NodeB height or improper tilt. Cross-covering cell causeinterference to its neighbors and reduce network capacity. Cross coverage may be solvedby increasing the antenna tilt and height.Do not create a coverage hole when solving cross-covering cell problem.

l An area without dominant cellThis area does not have a dominant cell or the dominant cell changes too frequently.Handover occurs too frequently in an area without dominant cell. The network performanceis less efficient. The call drop rate increases.Adjust the antenna tilt and azimuth to strengthen the coverage of one cell (the closer one)and weaken the coverage of other cells (the distant ones) to solve this problem.

The procedure for coverage analysis is described as follows:

l Downlink coverage analysis is on the CPICH RSCP from the drive test.– The CPICH RSCP that is lower than the threshold value proves downlink coverage

problem.– Analyze the near-far relation of the coverage hole with its neighbor and the surrounding

environment of the coverage hole. Then check whether the CPICH RSCP distributionof its neighboring NodeBs is normal.

– Adjust the antenna tilt and azimuth to improve the coverage. Do not create new coveragehole when solving the coverage hole problem. If the coverage hole problem cannot besolved by antenna adjustment, add new NodeBs.

l Uplink coverage analysis is on the UE Tx Power from the drive test.




– The UE TX Power is higher than the threshold value proves uplink coverage problem.

– For the area with both problems, solve the downlink coverage problem before solvingthe uplink problem.

– For the area with only uplink coverage problem, solve the problem by clearing uplinkinterference, adjusting antenna tilt and azimuth, and adding TMAs.

Interference AnalysisInterference affects cell capacity and result in call drop and access failure. Interference analysisconsists of the downlink interference analysis and uplink interference analysis.

l Downlink interference analysis: if the CPICH Ec/Io is lower than the threshold value andthe RSCP meets the counter, the downlink interference exists. If the RSCP is poor too, itis the coverage problem.

l Uplink interference analysis: High RTWP with low traffic volume proves uplinkinterference.

Pilot Pollution AnalysisPilot pollution means several strong pilots exist in one area without a dominant pilot frequency.Pilot frequency results in decreased Ec/Io, frequent handover, call drop and relatively lownetwork capacity.

To analyze pilot pollution, perform the following steps:

1. Locate the area with poor Ec/Io value and high RSCP.2. Check if pilot pollution exists in this area.3. Locate the cells that cause the pilot pollution.4. Analyze the RSCP and Ec/Io distribution by strengthening some strong pilots and

weakening some weak pilots. Determine the pilot to be strengthened and the pilot to beweakened. Give the solution to the pilot pollution.

Handover Failure AnalysisHandover failure analysis consists of the following activities:

l Neighbor optimization: compare the neighbor information and drive test data through thedrive test analysis software. The software gives the advice of neighbor configuration forevery cell. Focus on the problem of missing neighbors. Missing neighbors causes call dropduring handover.

l Soft handover rate optimization: on basis of guaranteeing the coverage, the RF optimizationlimits the soft handover rate to an acceptable range. To reduce the soft handover area, youmay increase the antenna tilt, adjust the antenna azimuth, lower antenna height, and weakenthe pilot frequency power.

4.4 RF Optimization ImplementationDuring the RF optimization implementation, you can modify the engineering parameters andcell parameters to meet the KPIs.

Most coverage and interference problem can be solved by adjusting engineering parameters thatare described in the following. The priority level descends with the number.



1. Downtilt2. Azimuth3. Antenna height4. Antenna location5. Antenna type6. Adding TMAs7. Changing NodeB type

For example, the NodeB supporting the 20 W TMA is changed into the NodeB supportingthe 40 W TMA.

8. Site location9. Newly added NodeB or RRU




5 Service Optimization

About This Chapter

During the service optimization, you can optimize the service and make the network countersmeet the acceptance requirements. The service optimization analyzes the drive test data andperformance data to solve service problems and improve the network counters to meet theacceptance requirements.

According to the network status, the service optimization can be carried out at the followingstages:l Before the network carries service

l After the network carries service

The main difference of the two types is that if the number is allocated.

l For the network that does not carry service, the acceptance counters of the operator arebased on the data of the drive test along the KPI drive test course.

l For the network that carries service, the acceptance counters of the operator are the resultof the drive test along the KPI drive test course and the performance indicators.

During the service optimization, the counters to be met contain the following items:l CS/PS call setup rate

l Call drop rate

l Soft handover rate

l Hard handover rate

l Call delay

l PS throughput

Figure 5-1 shows the flow chart for service optimization.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 5 Service Optimization


Figure 5-1 Flow chart for service optimization

5.1 Service Optimization Data CollectionThe service optimization data collection consists of drive test data collection, call tracing datacollection, performance data collection, and configuration data collection.

5.2 Service Optimization Data AnalysisDuring site verification, the equipment functional problems are solved. During the RFoptimization, the signal coverage problems are solved During service optimization, the problemsconcerning the service and the unsolved problems of the earlier phases are analyzed and resolved.The problem during this phase consists of coverage problem, access failure, handover failure,and call drop.

5.3 Service Optimization Implementation

5 Service OptimizationRAN



During the service optimization implementation, you can modify the radio configurationparameters to enhance the performance. When modifying the network planning data, follow theparameter modifying principles of our company to avoid major accident.



5.1 Service Optimization Data CollectionThe service optimization data collection consists of drive test data collection, call tracing datacollection, performance data collection, and configuration data collection.

Drive Test Data Collection

The drive test data is the data collected only at the UE side. During the service optimization, thedrive test data collection is more comprehensive than the RF optimization:

l More services under test: VP, Voice, and PS 384K

l More test methods: continuous call test, dialup test, and automatic test

Call Tracing Data Collection

The following call tracing data at the NE side is collected:

l User signaling tracing data

l Cell signaling tracing data

l Standard interface signaling tracing data

l Call History Record (CHR) data

l Real-time performance monitoring data

Performance Data Collection

To locate the radio performance problems at the cell level and network level, you should alsocollect the performance data. The WRAN performance data falls into the following categories:

l Access

l Call drop

l Handover

l Traffic volume

l Congestion

Configuration Data Collection

The configuration data collection gathers configuration script file of the RNC. The configurationdata can help locating the problems.

5.2 Service Optimization Data AnalysisDuring site verification, the equipment functional problems are solved. During the RFoptimization, the signal coverage problems are solved During service optimization, the problemsconcerning the service and the unsolved problems of the earlier phases are analyzed and resolved.The problem during this phase consists of coverage problem, access failure, handover failure,and call drop.




Coverage AnalysisBecause the RF optimization is performed on clusters, there might be coverage problem thatexists in the overlapped areas of the clusters. Service optimization should also solve this problemsince the service optimization better the entire network. For the detailed analysis, refer to section4.3 RF Optimization Data Analysis.

Access Failure AnalysisThe access failure analysis checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the countersdescribed as follows:

l Access counters (drive test): the outgoing access ratio and incoming access ratio of theVoice, VP, and PS services, the access delay of the Voice, VP, and PS services

l Access counters (performance data): paging ratio, RRC setup ratio, and the RAB setupratio.

The access failure makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not meetthe acceptance requirements. The common types of access failure are listed as follows:

l Paging problem

l RRC setup problem

l RAB and RB setup problem

l Authentication and encryption problem

l Equipment fault

You may solve the access failure by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:

l Common channel power ratio: FACH/PCH/PICH/AICH transmit power

l Parameters of cell reselection: startup threshold of reselection, delay time of reselection,delay of reselection, cell offset

l Parameters of random access: open loop power control constant, power step, and maximumtimes of power adjustment

l Parameters of admission algorithm: admission switch and admission threshold

Handover Failure AnalysisHandover failure analysis contains the analysis on drive test data and the analysis on theperformance data. The analysis checks if the drive test data and performance data meet thecorresponding counters described as follows:

l Handover counter (drive test): soft handover rate, hard handover rate, inter-systemhandover rate

l Handover counter (performance data): soft handover rate, hard handover rate, inter-systemhandover rate

The handover failure makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do notmeet the acceptance requirements. The common handover failure consists of the following items:

l Neighbor configuration failure

l Hanover problem (handover delay and frequent handover)

l Equipment fault



You may solve the handover failure by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:

l Parameters of soft handover: soft handover threshold, delay trigger time, delay, cell offset,and filtering coefficient

l Parameters of Inter-system handover: Inter-system handover threshold, delay trigger time,and so on

Call Drop Analysis

The call drop analysis contains the analysis on drive test data and the analysis on the performancedata. It checks if the drive test data and performance data meet the counters described as follows:

l Call drop counters (drive test): Voice service call drop rate, VP service call drop rate, andPS service call drop rate

l Call drop counters (performance data): Voice service call drop rate, VP service call droprate, and PS service call drop rate

The call drop makes the call drop rate of the drive test or the performance data do not meet theacceptance requirements. The common problems that cause call drop consists of the followingitems:

l Neighbor configuration failure

l Coverage hole

l Strong interference

l Handover failure (handover delay and frequent handover)

l Equipment fault

You may solve the call drop by modifying the following radio configuration parameters:

l Dedicated channel power: maximum downlink transmit power of the radio link, maximumuplink transmit power of the UE

l Parameters of soft handover: soft handover threshold, delay trigger time, delay, cell offset,and filtering coefficient

l Parameters of Inter-system handover: Inter-system handover threshold, delay trigger time,and so on

l The timer and counter related to the call drop

5.3 Service Optimization ImplementationDuring the service optimization implementation, you can modify the radio configurationparameters to enhance the performance. When modifying the network planning data, follow theparameter modifying principles of our company to avoid major accident.

Perform the following preparations:

l Make a detailed data modification plan, which contains the following contents:– Objective

– The version of the network equipment and the related instructions

– Modification procedures




– The modification details, which include the value change of the parameters after themodification

– The commands

– Operation time: is determined by the network security and the operation impact onservices. Modify substantial data and high-security data at midnight, when the trafficvolume is low. If a small quantity of data are modifies and the network security levelis low, dynamically modify the data when the local traffic is not busy.

– Measures for faults

l Pre-review the substantial data modification and high-security data modification.

l Submit the application for network operation to the customer before the data modification.The application should at least includes the following items:– The content of the modification or operation

– The purpose of the modification or operation, or the problem to be solved

– The time of the operation

– The resources asked from the customers: personnel, vehicles, and SIM card

– Measures for faults

– Operation impact on services, which includes the performance data counter

l Back up the original data and record the date in every operation.

Check the following after the modification:

l Back up the latest data file on the BAM and record the date.

l Check if the NodeB and cells work properly after the modification. Conduct the dialup testto ensure the normal service supply.

l Check the performance data which includes access rate, congestion rate, call drop rate andhandover rate to decide if faults occur. If any fault occurs, determine the solving measuresto ensure the proper running of the equipment.

l Record the data modification and impact so that the engineers can take the modification asreference during later phases.



6 Network Acceptance

About This Chapter

Based on the performance data and drive test, the network acceptance checks if the optimizednetwork meets the optimization counters, evaluate the optimized network quality, and displaythe network optimization.

The network optimization acceptance is triggered when the network performance meets therequirements.

l The drive test acceptance is triggered when all the counters in the tested area meet therequirements.

l The traffic statistic acceptance is triggered when all the counters meet the requirements andthe situation is stable for seven days.

6.1 Network Acceptance CountersAcceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data.

6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance ReportAfter you finish the network acceptance test, you need to output the network acceptance reporton XXX project and the network optimization report on XXX project.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 6 Network Acceptance


6.1 Network Acceptance CountersAcceptance counters are of drive test data and performance data.

6.1.1 Drive Test CountersDrive test counters are obtained by drive test along the predefined test course.

6.1.2 Performance CountersPerformance counters are obtained from the traffic measurement.

6.1.1 Drive Test CountersDrive test counters are obtained by drive test along the predefined test course.

Table 6-1 3G network KPI of the drive test and cell quality test

Counter Description

Call setup rateof the 12.2KVoice service

Outgoing access ratio = (the number of calling setups)/(the number ofcalling requests) x 100%Incoming access ratio = (the number of called setups)/(the number of calledrequests) x 100%

Call setup rateof the 64K CSservice

Outgoing access ratio = (the number of calling setups)/(the number ofcalling requests) x 100%Incoming access ratio = (the number of called setups)/(the number of calledrequests) x 100%

PDP contextactivation ratio

= (the number of activations)/(the number of activation requests) x 100%

Call drop rate ofthe 12.2K Voiceservice

= (the number of call drops)/(total number of setups) x 100%

Call drop rate ofthe 64K CSservice

= (the number of call drops)/(total number of setups) x 100%

Call drop rate ofthe 128K PSservice

= (the number of call drops)/(the number of the PDP context activations)x 100%

Soft handoverrate of the 64KCS service

l According to the information recorded by drive test tool, the number ofactive set update requests received by the VP service UE is A1, thenumber of active set update completions sent by the UE is B1.

l Soft handover rate = B1/A1

Connectiondelay of the12.2K Voiceservice

The interval from UE sending the RRC connect request to UE receivingthe Alerting message. Record the average value.

6 Network AcceptanceRAN



Counter Description

Connectiondelay of the 64KCS service

When the calling party presses the call button, the time is recorded as T0.When the calling party hears the first ringing, the time is recorded as T1.The called party answers as soon as he hears the ringing. When the callingparty sees the figure, the time is recorded as T2.The interval from T0 to T1 is ringing time. The interval from T1 to T2 isfigure time.The interval from that the calling UE sends ringing message to that thecalled UE answers automatically and sends the connect message is ΔT,which should be obtained beforehand.Connection delay = T2 - T0 - ΔT

The rate anddelay of inter-systemhandover in CSdomain(WCDMA toGSM)

The calculation of inter-system handover rate is described as follows:l According to the single UE tracing message from the RNC, the number

of RELOCATION REQUIRED messages sent by the RNC to the CNis recorded as A, and the number of IU RELEASE COMMANDmessages received by the RNC is recorded as B. The value of the reasonin the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must be SuccessfulRelocation.

l Inter-system handover rate for a single UE in CS domain (WCDMA toGSM)= B/A

l Total Inter-system handover rate in CS domain (WCDMA to GSM)=∑B/∑A

The calculation of inter-system delay is described as follows:l Record every delay from that the RNC sends HANDOVER FROM

UTRAN COMMAND message to that the RNC receives the IURELEASE COMMAND message.

l Average all the delay value. The result value is the Inter-systemhandover delay.

The rate of inter-systemhandover in PSdomain(WCDMA toGPRS)

l According to the single UE tracing message from the RNC, the numberof the CELL CHANGE ORDER FROM UTRAN messages sent by theRNC to the UE is recorded as A, and the number of the IU RELEASECOMMAND messages received by the RNC is recorded as B. The valueof the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND message must beNormal Release.

l The rate of inter-system handover for a single UE in PS domain(WCDMA to GPRS)= B/A

l The total rate of Inter-system handover in PS domain (WCDMA toGPRS)= ∑B/∑A

The time of Datatransmissionbreak duringInter-systemhandover in PSdomain(WCDMA toGPRS)

l Record interval from the failure to the recovery of every Ping.

l Average all the recorded value.



6.1.2 Performance CountersPerformance counters are obtained from the traffic measurement.

Table 6-2 3G network quality KPI of performance data

Type Name Definition

Accessibility

RRC setup ratio(related to service)

=(The number of RRC setups)/(the number of RRC setuprequests received by RNC) x 100%The number of RRC setup requests is also the number ofservice requests.

RRC setup ratio (notrelated to service)

=(The number of RRC setups)/(number of RRC setuprequests received by RNC) x 100%The number of RRC setup requests is not the number ofservice request.

AMR Voice servicesetup ratio

=(The number of the 'AMR RB setup complete' messagesreceived by the RNC from the UE and the RAB assignmentresponses sent by the RNC to the CN)/(the number of theAMR RAB assignment requests received by the RNC fromthe CN) x 100%

VP service setupratio

=(The number of the ' VP RB setup complete' messagesreceived by the RNC from the UE and the RAB assignmentresponses sent by the RNC to the CN)/(the number of theVP RAB assignment requests received by the RNC fromthe CN) x 100%

PS service setupratio

=(The number of the ' PS RB setup complete' messagesreceived by the RNC from the UE and the RAB assignmentresponses sent by the RNC to the CN)/(the number of thePS RAB assignment requests received by the RNC from theCN) x 100%

Calldrop

AMR Voice servicecall drop rate

R=(The number of the AMR service releases initiated bythe RNC)/(the number of the AMR service setups) x 100%

VP service call droprate

=(The number of the VP service releases initiated by theRNC)/(the number of the VP service setups) x 100%

PS service call droprate

=(The number of the PS service releases initiated by theRNC)/(the number of the PS service setups) x 100%

Mobility

Soft handover rate =(The number of the Active Set Update Complete messagesreceived by the RNC)/(the number of the Active Set Updatemessages sent by the RNC)




Type Name Definition

Intra-frequencyhard handover rate

=(The number of the physical link reconfigurationmessages received by the RNC)/(the number of the physicallink reconfiguration messages sent by the RNC)The physical link reconfiguration is for intra-frequencyhard handover.

Inter-frequencyhard handover rate

=(The number of the physical link reconfigurationmessages received by the RNC)/(the number of the physicallink reconfiguration messages sent by the RNC)The physical link reconfiguration is for inter-frequencyhard handover.

The rate of inter-system handover inCS domain (3G to2G)

=(The number of the successful inter-system handovers inCS domain)/(the number of the inter-system handoversattempt in CS domain)l The number of the inter-system handover attempts in CS

domain is the number the RELOCATION REQUIREDmessages sent by the RNC to the CN.

l The number of the successful inter-system handovers inCS domain is the number of the IU RELEASECOMMAND messages received by the RNC. The valueof the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND messagemust be Successful Relocation.

The rate of inter-system handover inPS domain (3G to2G)

=(The number of the successful inter-system handovers inPS domain)/(the number of the inter-system handoverattempts in PS domain)l The number of the inter-system handover attempts in PS

domain is the number of the CELL CHANGE ORDERFROM UTRAN messages sent by the RNC to the UE.

l The number of the successful inter-system handovers inPS domain is the number of the IU RELEASECOMMAND messages received by the RNC. The valueof the reason in the IU RELEASE COMMAND messagemust be Normal Release.

6.2 Contents of Network Acceptance ReportAfter you finish the network acceptance test, you need to output the network acceptance reporton XXX project and the network optimization report on XXX project.

Network Acceptance ReportThe network acceptance report on XXX projectcomprises the following items:

l Background

l Networking mode



l Acceptance area dividing, KPI test route

l Acceptance counters (drive test and performance data)

l Acceptance method (drive test and performance data)

l Acceptance result

Network Optimization ReportThe network optimization report on XXX project comprises the following items:l Background

l Networking mode

l Optimization process, content, and progress

l Optimization objective (drive test and performance data counters)

l Optimization conclusions

l Single site verification contains the following items:– Testing method

– Single site verification analysis: table of problems, table of measures, and table ofunsolved problems

l RF optimization contains the following items:– Testing method

– Coverage optimization result:– Cell dominance analysis (CPICH SC)

– Downlink coverage analysis (CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/Io)

– Uplink coverage analysis (UE Tx Power)

– Downlink interference analysis

– Uplink interference analysis

– Pilot pollution optimization result

– Handover optimization result

– RF optimization analysis: table of known problems, table of measures, and table ofunsolved problems

l Service optimization contains the following items:– Testing method

– Service optimization result (drive test):– Analysis on the call setup rate and call drop rate of CS service

– Analysis on the call setup rate, call drop rate, and throughput of PS service

– Analysis on the inter-system handover rate

– Service optimization result (performance data):– Analysis on the accessibility

– Analysis on the call drop

– Analysis on the mobility

– Service optimization analysis:




– List of problems

– List of measures

– List of unresolved problems

l Analysis on the unsolved problems

l Suggestions for network development

l The appendix contains the following items:– Collection of engineering parameters modification

– Collection of system parameters modification

– Collection of neighboring-cell relation modification

– Engineering parameter list after optimization

– System parameter list after optimization

– Neighboring-cell relation list after optimization



7 Network Optimization Tools

About This Chapter

Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis and can simplify thenetwork optimization and improve the working efficiency. The tools that you use during networkoptimization are: Probe, Assistant, and Nastar.

7.1 ProbeAs an air interface test tool for data collection and radio network planning and optimizationverification, the Probe supports the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM or GPRS network systems

7.2 AssistantAs a professional parsing tool for analyzing the radio network background, the Assistant supportsthe test data of the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, GPRS network system and the RNC data. It alsosupports the formats of the drive test data provided by the main manufacturers. The Assistantprovides: combined analysis on uplink and downlink data, intelligent expert system, eventsimulation, displaying, statistics, filtering, and reporting.

7.3 NastarThe Nastar perform the comprehensive analysis on the performance data, CHR, call tracing, anddata configuration on an integrated platform, and support the functions of querying by theme,intelligent expert system, weekly reporting, monthly reporting, reporting on health check, andconfiguration check. The Nastar can help the operator to locate and solve network problems andpromote the working efficiency of the site engineers.

RANRadio Network Optimization Guidelines 7 Network Optimization Tools


7.1 ProbeAs an air interface test tool for data collection and radio network planning and optimizationverification, the Probe supports the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM or GPRS network systems

The uses of the Probe are described as follows:

l Test network quality and radio parameters.

l Decode the message of the Uu interface and display the information of data, cell, andgeographical location in real-time.

l Monitor, trace, and test the status of the system in real-time.

The main functions of the Probe are listed as follows:

l Supporting multi-mode test in WCDMA/HSDPA/GSM/GPRS

l Supporting CS and PS measurement

l Supporting multi-UE test

l Supporting Scanner test

l Supporting indoor measurement

l Presetting test plan

l Supporting judgment of predefined events

l Supporting hardware alarm

l Filtering test parameter

l Automatically saving, exporting, and play backing, log file

l Displaying co-activated information

l Geographically displaying wireless measurement parameter in real-time

l Supporting dynamic and static adjustment to GPS information

l Displaying and parsing the messages of the Uu interface

l Displaying RLC and APP throughput

l Displaying custom parameters

l Supporting GPS time synchronization

7.2 AssistantAs a professional parsing tool for analyzing the radio network background, the Assistant supportsthe test data of the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, GPRS network system and the RNC data. It alsosupports the formats of the drive test data provided by the main manufacturers. The Assistantprovides: combined analysis on uplink and downlink data, intelligent expert system, eventsimulation, displaying, statistics, filtering, and reporting.

The uses of the Assistant are described as follows:

l Have a panorama view of network performance.

l Locate the network troubles.

7 Network Optimization ToolsRAN



l Improve the network quality.

l Verify the network planning and optimization.

Table 7-1 lists the functions of the Assistant.

Table 7-1 Functions of the Assistant

Function Description

Analyzing the testdata in WCDMA -GSM dual mode

The Assistant analyzes the test data in the WCDMA and GSMnetworks. It also supports the display of engineering parameters andreal-time data.

Importing multipletest device data

The Assistant imports test data from:l GENEX Probe

l Huawei RNC

l DTI Scanner

l Anritsu Scanner

l Agilent E6474A

l Agilent E7476A

The Assistant offers Excellent display and analysis of the testcounters.

Flexibly adding thetype of the drive testdata

With the Assistant, update one file to add a device type.

Four geographicbinning modes andthree data samplingmethods

The four geographic binning modes are:l Distance binning

l Grid binning

l Time binning

l No binning

The three data sampling methods are:l Average value

l Maximum value

l Minimum value

Independent analysison the drive testdevice

Independent display and analysis of the devices and the frequencies

Environment ofscrambling codemultiplexing

The Assistant analyzes the environments for scrambling codesmultiplexing in a large-scale network.

Automaticallycombining the drivetest devices

The Assistant automatically combines the drive test devices.




Analyzing themeasurement data ofuplink and downlinkin an integratedmanner

By synchronizing the GPS time, the Assistant can display the drivetest data and the RNC data simultaneously. This enables integratedanalysis of uplink and downlink data that includes RNC subscribertracing signaling.

Analyzing by thegeographical area ortime span

After the Assistant locks the geographical area or the time span, thespecified data becomes the basis for later analysis.

Displaying the drivetest track

The Assistant automatically displays drive test track and adjusts thedisplay parameters.

Test data playback The Assistant supports:l Test data playback both automatically and manually

l Display of the measurement parameters of problems in detail

l Quick troubleshooting

Multiple data displaymodes

The data display modes which integrate the common operationmethods consist of the following :l Map

l Curve chart

l Customized XY chart

l PDF chart

l Excel

For map mode, the Assistant provides:l Fast pilot relation line

l Layer offset

l Overlapped path filtering

l Area memory

l Display and control of engineering parameters

For curve chart mode, the Assistant supports:l Dynamic modification and dragging of data curves

l Graph zooming

l Graph rotating

l Chart customization

For Excel mode, the Assistant supports:l Searching

l Copying

l Calculation





Bidirectional multi-window co-activation

The Assistant supports the data co-activation among maps, charts,Excels, and signaling events.

Displaying the real-time attribute data

The Assistant offers the real-time display of:l Scanner coverage

l UE pilot information

Parsing Layer 3signaling

The Assistant supports the Layer 3 signaling parsing. The signalingparsing contains:l RRC

l NAS

l RR

The Assistant searches a text by:l Message name

l Message body

Various applicationanalysis items

For the Scanner data, the Assistant supports the following item:l Handover event simulation

l Pilot pollution analysis

l Soft handover statistics

l Neighbor analysis

l Detailed analysis report

For the UE data, the Assistant provides the analysis reports on:l UE network event predefinition

l PS service statistics

l CS service statistics

Exporting data indifferent displayformats

The Assistant supports the data export in different display formats,such as:l .bmp format

l .txt format

l .xls format

Filtering the data byindicator

The assistant filter the imported data by indicator.

Word collector With the word collector, the Assistant exports the browsed picturesand Excels to a Word file, thus saving many copying and posting.

Simulating theScanner single siteclosure

The Assistant simulates the changes of the pilot signal brought by thesite closure to determine the impact of the site on the pilot frequency.The focus should be on the recalculation of the RSSI on the drive testpoint covered by the site.




Automaticallymatching RNCmessages

The Assistant supports the automatic matching between the RNCmessages and UE messages when importing the RNC data.

Analyzing theHSDPA statistics

The data reflects the following items:l Current network performance

l Parameter configuration

l Rate statistics

l Channel decoding statistics

l Service performance

Summarizing theKPIs by sites

The Assistant sums up the KPIs by site. These KPIs are:l Soft handover

l Call setup

l Call drop

l Call setup failure

Intelligent reportsystem

The Assistant automatically generates a drive test report.

7.3 NastarThe Nastar perform the comprehensive analysis on the performance data, CHR, call tracing, anddata configuration on an integrated platform, and support the functions of querying by theme,intelligent expert system, weekly reporting, monthly reporting, reporting on health check, andconfiguration check. The Nastar can help the operator to locate and solve network problems andpromote the working efficiency of the site engineers.

The uses of the Nastar are described as follows:

l Analyze and locate the network problems.

l Monitor the performance of the entire network

Table 7-2 describes the functions of the Nastar.




Table 7-2 Functions of Nastar


Processing a largequantity of datafrom multiple datasources

The Nastar processes a single data or multiple data to help the engineersto know the entire network performance and to quickly locate theproblems.The Nastar supports the following data sources:l RNC data source

– Configuration data

– Performance data

– CHR data

– Intelligent Optimization System (IOS) data for UE tracing

l NodeB data resource: Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP) data

l Other data sources: engineering parameters

Analyzing theperformance data

Five categories of analysis on network performance and fault aredescribed as follows:l Traffic volume

l RRC setup

l RAB setup

l Handover

l Call drop

The analysis described previously contains 30 predefined themes andcustomized themes.The performance data also includes the following items:l Analysis on the KPI trend

l Analysis on the Top N cell

With the query on the queried results by theme, you may perform thefollowing operations:l Analyzing on the worst cell

l Detailed analyzing on the problematic cell

Extensive reports l Daily report on clusters

l Weekly report on the RNC

l Daily report on the RNC

l Report on health check




Optimizationsolutions for intra-frequencyneighbor

On basis of the analysis on the performance data, CHR, and engineeringparameters, the Nastar locates the problems of neighbor configurationand gives the solutions to optimize the neighbors and ensures the networkmobility.You may perform the following operations to optimize the neighborswith the Nastar:l Querying the original record of the cell configuration

l Intelligent analyzing on neighbor optimization

l Querying the handover record

l Querying the Top N neighbor configuration

l Generating the report on neighbor optimization

Solutions for pilotpollution

On basis of the analysis on the engineering configuration parameters,CHR, and engineering parameters, the Nastar analyzes the pilotpollution.The user can view the analyzing result on the map and research theanalyzing report.For analyzing the pilot pollution, the Nastar provides the followingfunctions:l Statistics on the areas with pilot pollution

l Geographically analyzing the pilot pollution

l Generating the report on pilot pollution analysis

Solutions forcoverage analysis

On basis of the analysis on the configuration data and IOS data, theNastar analyzes the coverage.l Downlink common pilot channel coverage analysis

l Link quality analysis

l Cross coverage analysis

l Report on coverage analysis

Solutions forinterferenceanalysis

On basis of the analysis on the configuration data, RTWP data, andengineering parameters, the Nastar analyzes the interference.

Configurationcheck

On basis of the analysis on the performance, configuration data, andengineering parameters, the Nastar checks and compares the followingconfiguration data to ensure the correctness and reasonability of the data:l Querying the configuration data geographically

l Comparing the MML commands of different versions




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