Quiz#2 on Monday Chapters 15, 16, 17, 18 10 multiple-choice questions per chapter (40 points X 2...
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Transcript of Quiz#2 on Monday Chapters 15, 16, 17, 18 10 multiple-choice questions per chapter (40 points X 2...
![Page 1: Quiz#2 on Monday Chapters 15, 16, 17, 18 10 multiple-choice questions per chapter (40 points X 2 pts. each) short answer (20 points) PLEASE ARRIVE ON TIME!!](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022083119/5a4d1ae67f8b9ab059979232/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Quiz#2 on Monday
• Chapters 15, 16, 17, 18• 10 multiple-choice questions per
chapter (40 points X 2 pts. each)• short answer (20 points)• PLEASE ARRIVE ON TIME!!
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Abnormal Psychology (Chapter 18)
Third Lecture Outline:SchizophreniaPersonality DisordersDepressionChildhood disorders
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Mood Disorders
• Unipolar depression• 10-20% depressed
at some point in life• multiple causes• low self-esteem,
loss of motivation, pessimism
• women > men
• Bipolar disorder• 1% of population• genetically
mediated• depressive and
manic symptoms• mania related to
high energy and shifts of attention
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Symptoms of depressionPersistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood Loss of interest or pleasure in activities Restlessness, irritability, crying Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness, hopelessness Sleeping disruption, early-morning awakening Appetite and/or weight loss or overeating and weight gain Decreased energy, fatigue, feeling "slowed down" Thoughts of death or suicide Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
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Causes of Depression
• Psychodynamic: Intrapsychic conflict – anger at other turned inward after loss
• Behavioral: Learned helplessness due to uncontrollable punishment. Dogs.
• Cognitive: Beck’s errors in thinking– Arbitrary inference “They hate me.”– Selective abstraction “Lawn has weeds”– Overgeneralization “I am a failure”– Magnification, minimization, personalization
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Psychophysiology of Depression
• Low levels of neurotransmitters are linked to depression
• Drugs affect serotonin reuptake (SRIs) • Prozac• Mania treated with lithium carbonate:
mood-leveling drug• Epinephrine decreased during
depression -- hormonal factors
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Biological basis: NMR Scans
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Someone with schizophrenia
“Sometimes the voices are friendly; however, most often they are cruel and taunting. Hearing voices for the first time was very scary to me. I call my voices "superiors"; they are of demonic nature and continuously telling me "I'm evil and worthless". They often command me to hurt myself. I do as they say because they threaten to kill me or bury me alive; their terror controls my behavior.” “I also have visual hallucinations in which I see things that apparently no one else sees. I look at people's faces and they suddenly disintegrate or are so distorted that they appear in horrifying form, wicked,and I see the evilness of the devil locked within their eyes. I may look at you and project someone's else's picture on your face; everything becomes confusing and quite frustrating.”
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Schizophrenia
• Negative symptoms: Behavior deficits– blunting of emotions– language deficits– apathy and social avoidance
• Positive symptoms: Behaviors present– delusions: disordered thinking– hallucination: unusual sensory experience– other bizarre behavior
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Diagnositic criteria • Adaptive functioning impaired • Two or more of the following:
– delusions– hallucinations– disorganized or incoherent speech– grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior– negative symptoms of anhedonia
• Six months of symptoms • Rule out other disorders and drugs
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Types of Schizophrenia
• Paranoid: Delusions are grandiose or persecutory; not disorganized or catatonic, e.g., tin foil in attic
• Disorganized: Speech, behavior, and/or affect is inappropriate, not catatonic– e.g., roams the streets mumbling
• Catatonic: Motor disturbance such as catalepsy (waxy flexibility) or frozen
• Videotape #98: Cases
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Biological basis of schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia “runs in families”– General population rate: 1 to 2 % – twin studies: monozygotic twins (100%
genes), 44% concordant– dizygotic twins (50% genes) are 15%
concordant– consaguinity studies: other relatives 5-10% – adoption studies: twins adopted away still
have higher concordance than base rate
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Other biological features
• Dopamine hypothesis supported by drug effects– Amphetamine psychosis from too much
dopamine– Parkinsonian tremors from too little:
chlorapromazine side effect
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Personality Disorders
• Stable & extreme personality features that affect happiness or adjustment
• Examples:– Paranoid: suspicious of others– Schizoid: Can’t form/sustain relationships– Schizotypal: Bizarre or magical behavior– Borderline: Mood and self-image unstable– Narcissistic: Self-centred, no empathy – Histrionic: Dramatic, manipulative, shallow
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Examples of childhood disorders
• Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder– Innattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity
• Conduct disorders– stealing, truancy, fighting, swearing,
destructive behavior• Pervasive Developmental Disorder
(Autism)– communication deficts, perserveration,
echolalia, memory