Quick Guide to ISO-14692

8/4/2019 Quick Guide to ISO-14692

1/12

QUICK GUIDE INTO

ISO 146921. Introduction

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide network of

national standard institutes. The ISO 14692 standard is an international standard dealing

with the qualification, manufacturing, design and installation of GRE piping systems.

This document gives a brief summary of the ISO 14692 standard only and is not intended

to replace the ISO 14692 standard.

Content

1. Introduction 12. What is ISO 14692? 2

3. Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials 3

4. Part 2: Qualification of components 3

5. Part 3: System design 5

6. Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation 7

7. Conclusion 9

8. ISO in brief 9

9. References 9

10. Deviations list to the ISO quality program 10

System designQualification

Installation

rouble-ree pipesystem

To ensure a trouble free GRE pipe system, three major

important conditions must be met:

1.Use qualified products.

2.Perform system design.

3.Install according to manufacturers standards and

guidelines.

The above mentioned three points are addressed in the

ISO 14692 Standard in Part 2, Part 3 and Part 4 respectively.

Figure 1. The key to success

Ameron 2006. EB 1. 05/06. Page 1 of 12. Printed in the Netherlands


2/12


2. What is ISO 14692?

ISO 14692, is an international standard dealing with the

qualification of fittings, joints and pipes for certain applications.

It describes how to qualify and manufacture GRP/GRE (Glass

Reinforced Epoxy) pipe and fittings, how to conduct system

design and finally it gives guidelines for fabrication, installation

and operation.

The ISO 14692 consists of 4 parts:

Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials.

Part 2: Qualification and manufacture.

Part 3: System design.

Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation.

ISO 14692-2, ISO 14692-3, ISO 14692-4, follow each

individual phase in the life cycle of a GRP/GRE piping system,

i.e. from design through manufacture to operation. Each part is

therefore aimed at the relevant parties involved in that

particular case. It is primarily intended for offshore applications

on both fixed and floating topsides facilities, but may also be

used as guidance for the specification, manufacture, testing

and installation of GRP/GRE piping systems in other similar

applications found onshore.

Ameron has obtained a Design Examination Statement from

DNV. This examination statement consists out of a combination

of two specifications namely: ISO 14692 and AWWA M45.

ISO 14692 covers the design of suspended pipe systems and

the qualification of GRP/GRE products, AWWA M45 covers the

design and installation of buried pipe systems. Together these

specifications cover all design and installation aspects. In

cases the specifications conflict the ISO 14692 supersedes

the AWWA. Therefore, on basis of this design examination

statement the scope can include also application of GRP/GRE

piping systems onshore (buried and suspended).

Main users of the ISO 14692 document are: governments,

end users, engineering companies, inspection companies,

manufacturers, installers.

The advantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:

- Standardizing principles, norms, working methods.

- Allows everybody to have the same understanding.

- Main engineering and installation of GRP/GRE issues are

handled.

- Accepted by all engineering companies, third party inspec-

tion companies and governments.

- Accepted in Europe by convention of Vienna and equal to

CEN-standards.

- Everybody speaks the same language.

The disadvantages of the ISO 14692 standard are:

- Needs thorough studying, the standard is certainly difficult.

- For qualification, expensive tests are required.

- Expensive quality control requirements.

Photo 1. Platform under construction


3/12

3. Part 1: Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials

First part of the ISO 14692 gives the terms, definitions and

symbols used.

Main objective of this chapter is to achieve that every body

speaks the same language.

A few examples of common used abbreviations are given:

Composite pipe = pipe manufactured using fibre reinforced

thermo set plastics

GRP = Glass Reinforced Plastics

GRE = Glass Reinforced Epoxy

Lower confidence limit, LCL = 97,5% confidence limit of the

long-term hydrostatic pressure or stress based on a 20-year

lifetime.

Jet fire = turbulent diffusion flame resulting from the

combustion of a fuel continuously released with significant

momentum in a particular range of directions.

Impregnate = saturate the reinforcement with a resin.

Part factor f1 = ratio of the 97,5% confidence limit of the

LTHP to the mean value of LTHP

LTHP = extrapolated long-term mean static failure pressure

of a component with free ends based on a 20-year lifetime.

Part factor f2 = derating factor related to confidence in the

pipe work system, the nature of the application and the

consequence of failure.

Part factor f3 = part factor that takes account of

non-pressure-related axial loads, e.g. bending

Furthermore, some general applications for GRP/GRE piping

are given.

4. Part 2: Qualification of components

Part 2 of the standard gives requirements for the qualification

and manufacture of GRP/GRE piping and fittings.

4.1 Materials of construction and wall thicknesslimitationsThe GRP/GRE components shall be manufactured using a

thermosetting resin such as epoxy, polyester, vinylester

and phenolic.

The reinforcement shall be glassfiber, e.g. continuous and/or

woven rovings.

The minimum wall thickness shall be 3 mm for sizes 4 inch

and above. The minimum wall thickness for sizes below 4 inch

is defined as: WT / ID 0,025.

4.2 Qualification programAn extensive qualification program is required to determine

the performance of the GRP/GRE components with respect to

pressure, temperature, chemical resistance, fire performance,

electrostatic performance, impact etc.

What has to be done to qualify a GRP/GRE piping system?

For each product family (component type), a full regression line

according ASTM D-2992 must be determined (witnessed by

third party for example: DNV, Bureau Veritas). The test consists

out of at least 18 samples. The test pieces are plain end pipes.

The test setup is a closed end pressure vessel. Pipe samples

are subject to different pressures. The test medium is water at

65 degrees C. The required failure mode is weeping.

The failures shall be in different decades. Figure 2 gives an

example of a regression line.

Figure 2. Regression curve



4/12

Each product family (pipe, elbow, reducer, tee, flange) is

divided into product sectors. Two representative samples,usually the biggest diameter and highest pressure class, from

each product sector are taken and fully tested according

ASTM 1598 (1000 hrs at 65 C). The test medium is water. The

representative samples are called the product sector represen-

tatives.

Table 1. Overview of product sectors

Diameter (mm) Pressure range (bar)

0 - 50 50 - 100 100 -150 >_ 150

25 - 250 A H N S

250 - 400 B I O T

400 - 600 C J P

600 - 800 D K Q

800 - 1200 E L R

Photo 2. Spool for 1000 hrs testing

Photo 3. Overview of elbows needed for qualification up to 8 inch

For calculation of the test pressure, the regression line of the

pipe or the fitting is used. In absence of a regression line, adefault value can be obtained from a table given in the ISO.

For details on the calculation see the ISO document. In general

the 1000 hr test is performed at about 2.5 to 3 times the

design pressure. So a 20 bar system is tested around 50 to 60

bar.

A product sector contains all the items within its diameter and

pressure range, the so called component variants. Component

variants are qualified by either two 1000 hr tests or through the

scaling method.

For quality control, short term tests could be performed, if

required and agreed with the principal. These are done to

establish a baseline value for quality control.

Other aspects to be considered are: the glass transition tem-

perature, the glass resin ratio and component dimensions.

These have to be determined from the replicate samples and

used by quality control during production as base line values.

4.3 Fire performanceIf required, fire testing shall be conducted on each piping

material system. The performance of the piping system shall

be qualified in accordance with the ISO procedure and a

classification code shall be assigned.

4.4 Electrical conductivityIf required, testing shall be carried out on each piping material

system. The performance of the piping system shall be quali-

fied in accordance with the ISO procedure and a classification

code shall be assigned.

4.5 Quality program for manufactureThe piping manufacturer shall have a suitable and accredited

quality assurance and quality control system.

Pipe and fittings furnished to ISO 14692 shall be tested

according to the ISO standard.

See chapter 10 for the list of deviations to the quality program.



5/12


5. Part 3: System design

5.1 Introduction/abstractThe design guidelines are handled in part 3 of the ISO 14692.

The designer shall evaluate system layout requirements such

as:

Space requirement (fitting dimensions).

Piping system support. Vulnerability.

The effect of fire (incl. blast) on the layout requirements

should be considered.

Control of electrostatic discharge (depending on service

and location).

5.2 Layout requirementsIn general the same types of fittings available in steel are also

available in GRP. Note that the building dimensions of some

GRP/GRE fittings can be larger compared to steel fittings.

5.3 Support distanceRecommendations for system support: Supports spaced to limit sag (< 12.5 mm).

Valves and heavy equipment to be supported

independently.

In general, connections to metallic piping systems shall be

anchored.

Do not use GRP/GRE piping to support other piping.

Use the flexibility of the material to accommodate axial

expansion, provided the system is well anchored and

guided.

5.4 Hydraulic designThe aim of hydraulic design is to ensure that GRP/GRE piping

systems are capable of transporting the specified fluid at the

specified rate, pressure and temperature throughout their

intended service life.

Factors that limit the velocity are:

Unacceptable pressure losses.

Prevention of water hammer.

Prevent cavitation.

Reduction of erosion.

Reduction of noise.

Pipe diameter and geometry (inertia loading).

Fluid velocity, fluid density, interior surface roughness of pipes

and fittings, pipe length, inside diameter as well as resistance

from valves and fittings shall be taken into account when esti-

mating pressure losses. The smooth surface of the GRP/GREpipe may result in lower pressure losses compared to metal

pipe.

A full hydraulic surge analysis shall be carried out, if pressure

transients are expected. The analysis shall cover all anticipated

operating conditions including priming, actuated valves, pump

testing, wash-down hoses, etc.

Table 2. Overview of qualification tests needed

Product sector A Test standard Pipes Elbows Tees Flanges

Component variant 2 inch ASTM D-1598 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling 2 or scaling




Product sector

representative 8 inch ASTM D-2992 2 2 2 2

Family representative ASTM D-2992 18 18 18 18

QC baseline ASTM D-1598 5 5 5 5


6/12

5.5 Structural designAim of structural design is to ensure that GRP/GRE piping

systems shall sustain all stresses and deformations duringconstruction/installation and throughout the service life.

Piping system design shall represent the most severe

conditions experienced during installation and service life.

Designers shall consider loads given in table 1 in the

ISO document.

Sustained loads:

Pressure (internal, external, vacuum, hydro-test).

Mass (self-mass, medium, insulation, etc).

Thermal induced loads.

Soil loads and soil subsidence.

Occasional loads:

Earthquake.

Wind.

Water hammer.

The sum of all hoop stresses and the sum of all axial stresses

in any component in the piping system shall lie within the long-

term design envelope.

5.5.1 Determination of the failure envelope andthe long-term design envelopeIn the ISO14692 document an algorithm is given how to

determine the failure envelope and how the long term

design envelope is developed.

Determine the short term failure envelope (1 or 2).

The idealized long term failure envelope (3) is geometrically

similar to the short term envelope with all data points

being scaled. This scaling factor (fscale) is derived using

the long term regression line.

The non factored long term design envelope (4) is based

on the idealized long term envelope multiplied by the part

factor f2.

The factored long term design envelope (5) is derived

by multiplication with A1, A2 and A3, where A1 is the

de-rating factor for temperature, A2 is the de-rating factorfor chemical resistance and A3 is the de-rating factor for

cyclic service.

Figure 3. Allowable stress curve

5.6 Stress analysisManual or computer methods can be used for structural

analysis of piping systems.

Caesar II (by Coade) is commonly used to perform stress and

flexibility analysis. The piping system can be evaluated for

several load-cases. Load-cases can be setup from

combinations of pressure, temperature, weight, wind load,

displacement, earthquake etc. With the calculation output,

the stresses in the piping system, the displacement, the loads

on the support, the load on equipment nozzles etc., can be

checked.

Photo 4. Installation of 54 km 18 inch pipe, pressure rating 20 bar

5.7 Fire performanceThe fire performance requirements of the piping system shall

be determined.

Fire performance is characterized in two properties:

Fire endurance (ability to continue to perform during fire).

Fire reaction (ignition time, flame spread, smoke and heatrelease, toxicity).

If piping cannot satisfy the required fire properties, the

following shall be considered:

Rerouting of piping.

Use alternative materials.

Apply suitable fire-protective coating.

5.8 Static electricityThe use of a conductive piping system might be considered in

case the GRP/GRE piping system is running in a hazardous

area or if the pipe is carrying fluids capable of generating

electrostatic charges.



7/12


6. Part 4: Fabrication, installation and operation

6.1 IntroductionPart 4 of the ISO 14692 gives requirements and recommen-

dations for fabrication, installation and operation of

GRP/GRE pipe systems.

Past experience with GRP/GRE installations is that a great deal

of the problems that occur are associated with bad fabrication

and installation.

One of the tools to detect fabrication and installation mistakes

is to hydro test the GRP/GRE pipe system. In other words: to

guarantee that a GRP/GRE pipe system is fit for purpose, it is

common practice that a GRP/GRE pipe system is hydro tested

as part of the commissioning procedure.

This means that any possible problems are detected in a late

phase in the project. Repairs in this late phase of the project

can be costly and difficult due to limited access.

Photo 5. Hydro-test of spool

6.2 Fabrication and installationWhat can be done to prevent/reduce the above problem?

6.2.1 InspectionIt starts with checking the incoming goods

Check supplied quantity.

Check nominal dimensions of supplied material

Check supplied pressures class

Perform a visual control of supplied material (transport

damage, impact)

Check if storage is correct

Check availability of documentation (packing lists,

certification)

Handling and storage of the incoming goods

Use the Ameron lifting, loading and unloading procedure.

Storage. Pay attention to the stacking of the pipe;

support width and stacking height, end protection of pipe

and fittings.

Preferably, pipes should be transported in containers or

crates.

Pipe spools. Take care that impact damage is prevented

by proper packaging and use of protection material. In all

cases pipe spools should not be stacked.

Adhesives. Check recommended storage temperatures.

O-rings, gaskets etc. shall be stored in a cool place, free

from UV radiation, chemicals etc.

6.2.2 Installer requirementsAll GRP/GRE components shall be installed by qualified

GRP/GRE pipe fitters and thereafter approved by a qualified

GRP/GRE piping inspector.

Definitions:Pipe fitter

Person working for a contractor who is responsible for the

construction of the GRE pipe system. He must be able to

make the relevant joint types according Ameron procedures.

This certificate can be compared to a welders certificate.

Supervisor

Person who is responsible for the quality of the installation and

is able to check the quality of the work done by the pipe fitters.

This person is normally employed by the responsible

contractor for example as a foreman. This certificate is a

personal certificate.

QA/QC InspectorPerson who is able: to check and judge the work of contractor

and is able to globally verify the soundness of the installation.

This includes lay-out related matters such as support construc-

tion and location, flange connections etc. Can be employed by

client, contractor, third party (BV, DNV, Lloyds). This certificate

is a personal certificate.

Photo 6. Typical work of a GRE pipe fitter

Training of pipe fitter

The quality of the joints is mainly dependent on craftsman-

ship of the pipe fitter. Therefore, the ISO 14692 demands

that the qualification organization is independent of the

organization that carries out the training. In the case of

Ameron the independent organization is DNV. The training

consists of a theoretical and a practical part.

The theoretical part will end with a written exam for which

a 70% pass mark is required. The practical part will end

with making a joint that will be hydro-tested according the

requirements of the ISO 14692. These tests are witnessed


8/12

by a third party. When passing both exams the pipe fitter

will receive a pipe fitter certificate issued by DNV.

The purpose of the entire training is to teach the pipe fitterthose things he or she can have influence on.

Training of Supervisor - QA/QC inspector

Ameron and DNV are developing an individual certification

for Supervisor - QA/QC inspector based on ISO 14692

requirements. Objective is to train Supervisor - QA/QC

inspector on aspects like storage, inspection of pipes and

fittings, supporting, jointing, hydro testing etc. etc. in such

a way, that they can act as Supervisor - QA/QC inspector

on a GRE pre-fabrication and installation job. An important

factor is that they also learn what can go wrong. The

educating company will be Ameron as they have in con-

trast to most institutes a large knowledge, obtained over

decades, in this particular area. Examination committee

will be DNV. The certificate that can be obtained will be a

personal certificate.

6.2.3 Installation methodsInstallation method shall be according manufacturers approved

installation manual.

Supporting

Follow the installation guides from the Manufacturer.

Other guidelines not different from the Ameron procedures

are given in the ISO 14692.

Installation

General requirements are given in the ISO 14692 for the

installation of GRP/GRE components such as bending,

bolt-torquing, tolerances, earthing of conductive piping, joint

selection, quality control, etc.

Most important point is that all piping shall be installed so that

they are stress-free.

Quality program for installation

The contractor shall maintain a high level of inspection to

ensure compliance with all requirements. The contractor shalldesignate one individual to be responsible for quality control

throughout the installation.

Record of following items shall be made:

starting and end time of the curing process; pipe fitter nr.;

batch number of the adhesive and heating blanket; measured

temperature of the heating blanket; ambient temperature, date,

joint number, relative humidity.

6.2.4 System testingAll GRP/GRE piping systems shall be hydrostatically pressure

tested after installation. Water shall be used as a test medium.

6.2.5 Visual inspectionVisual inspection shall be carried out of all joints and surfaces.

Possible defect along with acceptance criteria and corrective

actions are given in the ISO document.

E.g.:

Impact > replace (major defect) or repair (minor defect)

Misaligned joints > replace components (major defect)remake joint (minor defect)

Photo 7. Spool fabrication shop

6.3 Maintenance and repair

GRP/GRE pipes are generally maintenance free, but the follow-

ing points shall be given attention during inspection and are

addressed in the ISO document:

- Removal of scale and blockages.

- Electrical conductivity.

- Surface and mechanical damage.

- Chalking, ageing and erosion.

- Flange cracks and leaks.

Repair shall be in accordance with manufacturers procedures.



9/12


7. Conclusion

ISO 14692 is a worldwide accepted standard for the

manufacturing, qualification, design and installation of

Glassfiber Reinforced Epoxy piping systems.

When the guidelines laid down in the ISO 14692 standard are

followed, it will result in a trouble-free GRE pipe system.

8. ISO in brief

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is a global

network that identifies what International Standards are

required by business, government and society, develops them

in partnership with the sectors, that will put them in use,

adopts them by transparent procedures based on national

input and delivers them to be implemented worldwide.

ISO standards distil an international consensus from the

broadest possible base of stake holder groups. Expert input

comes from those closest to the needs for the standards and

also the results of implementing them. In this way, although

voluntary, ISO standards are widely respected and accepted bypublic and private sectors internationally.

ISO a non-governmental organization, is a federation of

national standards, bodies of over 149 countries, one per

country, from all regions of the world, including developed,

developing and transitional economies.

9. References

ISO 14692-1 Petroleum and natural gas industries

Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping Part 1:

Vocabulary, symbols, applications and materials;

ISO 14692-2 Petroleum and natural gas industries Glass-reinforced plastics (GRP) piping Part 2:

Qualification and manufacture;



System design;



Fabrication, installation and operation.


10/12

10. Deviations list to the ISO quality program

ISO 14692-2:2002(E) Ameron

8.0 Quality programme for manufacture Standard

8.2 Calibration Quality Control equipment:

Pressure gauges:

Accurate +/- 0,5% Accurate +/- 0.8%

Calibration every two months

8.3.2.2 Mill hydrostatic test 5% of total production.

5% of continuous production (c.p.) 1,5x Design Pressure

=< 600mm 0,89 times qualified pressure

> 600mm 0,75 times qualified pressure

if pressure class > 32 bar = 100%

8.3.2.3 Spools frequency = 100% (if practicable) 5% (if practicable)

8.3.2.4 Retesting: by failures of one of both retested compo-

nents, the whole lot to the latest successful hydrotest

shall be rejected.

Only the failed components will be rejected. In case of

rejected components, 100% will be conducted until the

infected range has been determined

8.3.3 Degree of cure: DSC according to ISO 11357-2

Determination of a QC baseline on base-resin or

component.

Frequency of 1% on c.p.

According to API 15LR.

Min. acc. = 130 / 140 dgr.C

Once per shift

8.3.4 Short-term burst test: Agreed with principal Once per three months

8.3.5 Ongoing pressure tests: yearly 6x 1000hr. test from None

at least two product sectors

8.3.6 Glass content in accordance with ISO 1172 at a

frequency of 1% of c.p.

Acceptance: 70-82% for filament wound pipe

65-75% filament wound fittings

50-65% hand-lay-up fittings

In accordance with ASTM-D-2584 at a frequency of

once a week random two types.

Acceptance: 65-77% for filament wound pipe

55-65% for filament wound fittings

The following dimensions shall be determined in

accordance with ASTM D-3567 for 1% of pipe and

each fitting:

a) Internal diameter

b) Outside diameter

c) Mass

d) Minimum total wall thickness

e) Reinforced wall thickness

f) Laying length

Ameron conducts 100% inspection on outside diameter

of pipe. Reinforced wall thickness is automatically

determined by using fixed inside diameter. All dimensions

and tolerances are in accordance with Ameron product

drawings.

8.3.7.2 Visual Inspection: Table 12 and Table A1 of annexureA van ISO 14692-4:2002

ASTM-D-2563 (visual)

8.3.7.3 The principal shall be notified of all repairs No notification

8.3.8.2

&

8.3.8.3



11/12

8.3.8.4 The following dimensions shall be determined inaccordance with ASTM D3567 for 1% of pipe and

each fitting:

a) Internal diameter

b) Maximum outside diameter

c) Reinforced wall thickness

d) Relevant dimensions as described figure 1

e) Mass

Ameron conducts only 100% inspection on layinglengths and directions/ positions

8.3.11 Retest: by failures of one of both retested compo-

nents, the whole batch to the latest successful test

shall be rejected.

Only the failed components will be rejected.

To avoid rejecting good products, Ameron will test all

products to trace all infected products.

8.4.3 Records to be maintained by manufacturer:

Hydrotest reports

Dim.+Vis.+ cond. Reports

Tg

Glass content

Short term burst test report

Long term test report

Documentation available in QC/Engineering file

9.1 Markings shall be applied on the pipe and fittingswithin 1 m of the end.

Pipes 3 locations,Fitting one location

11.4.2 Manufacturing procedure shall be provided if

requested by the principal

Not allowed by Ameron

11.4.4 Production quality control reports in acc. 8.4 shall be

provided within five working days or other agreed

period

Special Manufacturing Record Book

9.2 All pipe and fittings shall be permanently marked with

details as in Para 9.2:

a) Manufacturers name

b) Product line designation

c) Qualified pressure

d) Temperature at which qualified pressure is

determined (default is 65C).

e) System design pressure

f) System design temperature

g) Nominal diameterh) Manufacturers identification code

i) Limitations or referenced to installation requirements:

permissible bolt torque, portable water (yes/no), elec-

trical conductivity and fire performance classification.

Pipes and fittings will be marked with:

a) Manufacturers name

b) Not

c) Qualified pressure

d) Not

e) System design pressure

f) System design temperature

g) Nominal diameter

h) Manufacturers identification code

i) Not

8.3.9 Thread dimensions N/A

8.3.10 Conductivity 105 (100V) Conductivity 106 (500V)



12/12

EuropeAmeron B.V.Fiberglass-Composite PipeP.O. Box 64190 CA GeldermalsenThe NetherlandsPhone: +31 345 587 587Fax: +31 345 587 561E mail: info@ameron fpg nl

Group HeadquartersAmeron International Corporation - Fiberglass-Composite Pipe Division9720 Cypresswood Drive, Suite 325 - Houston, Texas 77070 - U.S.A.Phone: +1 832 912 8282 - Fax: +1 832 912 9393E-mail: [email protected] - Website: http://www.ameron.com

AsiaAmeron (Pte) LtdNo. 7A, Tuas Avenue 3JurongSingapore 639407Phone: +65 6861 6118Fax: +65 6862 1302/6861 7834E-mail: [email protected]: http://www ameron com sg

U.S.A.Centron International, Inc.P.O. Box 490600 FM 1195 SouthMineral Wells - Texas 76068U.S.A.Phone: +1 940 325 1341Fax: +1 940 325 9681E mail: info@centrongre com

U.S.A.Ameron International Corporation1004 Ameron RoadP.O. Box 878Burkburnett, Texas 76364U.S.A.Phone: +1 940 569 1471Fax: +1 940 569 2764

Quick Guide to ISO-14692

Documents

Transcript of Quick Guide to ISO-14692