QUALITY: PATH TO COMPETITIVENESS & …...2015/03/09 · QUALITY: PATH TO COMPETITIVENESS &...

QUALITY: PATH TO COMPETITIVENESS & SUSTAINABILITY

COOPERATION: THE KEY TO GENETIC GAIN

Wayne Smith

Professor & Associate Department Head

Texas A&M University & Texas A&M AgriLife Research

TOPICS FOR TODAY

Grand Challenge: Feed (clothe, shelter, sustain, care) the World

Cotton Breeding Capacity at Texas A&M AgriLife

Development of Extra Long Staple Upland

Development of Extra Strength Upland

Collaboration with Textile Scientist Eric Hequet

Future


Grand Challenge: Feed (clothe, shelter, sustain, care) the World: This Grand

Challenge to feed the world and provide the essentials of human existence can

be met only by continued and expanded efforts in the genetic manipulation of

plants for man’s benefit and the optimum production of those plant products.

This optimum production must be achieved on less land, using less water,

less fertilizer, and fewer pesticides.

Realized Gain in Yield Potential as %/yr


Grand Challenge: Feed (clothe, shelter, sustain, care) the World

Norman Borlaug model: Improved crop cultivars lead to reduced hungry and poverty

So, How does this GC propose to contribute to the solution?

1. Traditional field breeding: still effective >>>>> BREEDING TEAMS (TAMU Committed)

2. Innovative technologies/development/application >> seminal changes in productivity and

nutrition.

Gametic cycling, Genome wide breeding, Genome editing, High throughput

phenotyping (remote sensing; drones; ground based

platforms; satellite data; etc.


Breeding capacity at Texas A&M AgriLife

Four dedicated Leads:

Jane Dever (AgriLife-Lubbock)

yield, vert wilt, fiber quality (elongation), MAS, others

Steve Hague (SCSC-College Station)

yield, drought tolerance, fleahopper resistance, MAS, fiber quality

Wayne Smith (SCSC-College Station)

fiber quality, especially length and strength, MAS, HTP

Eric Hequet (TTU-Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute)


Development of Extra Long Staple Upland (Smith and Hequet)

1986: Arkot 518 cultivar released with UHML longer than any commercial

cultivars grown by Arkansas producers (30 mm)

1986 - ~ 2003: Number of strains developed with 31.8 mm UHML

2003: TAM 94L-25 released with UHML = 31.8 mm plus improved yield potential

2004: Identified strains with UHML up to 35.8 mm UHML



* G. barbadense ELS minimum = 34.9 mm UHML



50 ct combed

Average of saw and roller ginned data (gin platform not significant)

Produced 80 ct combed yarn with B182-33 ELSU but not FM 832



QUESTION: Is our ELSU the result of G. barbadense introgression

ANSWER: No

•TAM 94 L-25 (Smith. 2003. Crop Sci. 43:742-743.)

• Smith, et al., 2008. Journal of Plant Registration. ELSU Releases from Five Families

• TAM 94WE-37s // 95BB-54s / TAM 94L-25

• TAM 94L-25 // PD6992 / TAM 94L-25

• TAM 94L-25 / GA 161

• TAM 94L-25 // 92Z-32-1 / 88F-28

• TAM 94L-2 // 90M-8 / 89E-51



QUESTION: Is our ELSU the result of G. barbadense introgression

ANSWER: No

Smith, C.W., S. Hague, E. Hequet, P.S. Thaxton, and I.N. Brown. 2008. Development of extra

long staple upland cotton. Crop Sci. 48:1823-1831.

Argues that TAM 94L-25 contains favorable allelic combination that niches well for the

selection of ELSU in combination with other genotypes

TAM 94L-25

TAM 87 G3-27 (Smith & Niles, 1994) / 87 O3-37 (Smith & Niles-unreleased)

AET 108 / 1209-619 // PD 6992 Stoneville 1023 // 77-3840 / 1656

Stoneville (unreleased)

Paymaster 1209 / Lankart / Acala (NM?) Gregg (1956)

Fox 4 (1959)

Lankart (1915ff)

Acala 5675 (1941)

AE 179 / Tideland 501 // Deltapine 14 / Acala

/ / PD 9241 / PD 9619 //

Coker 310 / PD 7396

Foster (1904)

Allen Long Staple (1879)? Lankart 57 / Deltapine 14 / Rogers Acala // Lankart 3840

Mebane Triumph (1897)

TH/Sealand /2/ Express (1905)

Earlistaple Cleveland (1885)

NM Acala ?

TX Plt Seed Assoc?


Extra Strength Upland (ESU) Development

38.6 g/tex = 23% improvement in fiber str. = 36% improvement in yarn ten.


ELSU and ESU Development -- Trait Stability

Mean Values for HVI UHML and Strength when grown at Weslaco (irrigated)and Corpus Christi (dryland) in 2013 and 2014.

UHML (mm)

Genotype W CC Δ %

TAM11K13 ELSU 36.6 29.7 19.0 ac

TAM11T08 ELSU/ESU 35.4 28.6 19.2 ab

PHY499WRF 29.1 24.0 17.7 a-d

DP1044B2RF 29.0 23.9 17.5 a-d

PHY575WRF 30.9 26.5 14.2 d


ELSU and ESU Development -- Trait Stability

Mean Values for HVI UHML and Strength when grown at Weslaco (irrigated)and Corpus Christi (dryland) in 2013 and 2014.

Strength (g/tex)

Genotype W CC Δ %

TAM08WZ78 32.2 27.4 15.1 a

PHY575WRF 30.8 28.7 6.8 b-d

DP1044B2RF 30.6 28.6 6.3 b-e

PHY499WRF 32.1 30.8 3.9 c-e

TAM11K13 ELSU 34.7 33.8 2.3 d-e

TAM11L24 LSU 33.6 33.3 0.7 ef

TAM11T08 ELSU/HS 36.4 37.5 -1.1 f


Recent ELSU and ESU Developments (2014 data)

* G. barbadense ELS minimum = 34.9 mm UHML



Breeding capacity at Texas A&M AgriLife

Development of Extra Long Staple Upland

Development of Extra Strength Upland

Collaboration with Textile Scientist Eric Hequet

Absolutely necessary

HVI—AFIS—Spinning

Future

AFIS provides opportunity to

“fine tune” fiber quality, e.g.,

true fiber fineness, absolute

average fiber length (Ln),

length distribution, length CV,

and many many more. AFIS, if it

becomes cost effective will

REVOLUTIONIZE fiber quality.

Spinning is the ultimate evaluation but

expensive, requires large samples and

thus from a breeding perspective only

verifies and does not guide selections.

Strength



Future

Predicting is hard, especially about the future (Yoga Berra-famous baseball player); BUT

Genomics will play a major role

Field based plant breeders will continue to be the Mainstay of crop improvement

Collaboration with genomicist, however, has and will continue to be vital to success



Future

• Liu, Zhang, and Smith: 474 gene fragments associated with UHML in a 200 IRIL population;

SNP marker detection within these genes is in progress

• > 1000 gene fragments associated with strength; SNP markers will be identified in

these also

• Hugie and Smith: Identified 6 markers for UHML and 6 for strength from 536 markers

identified in 31 public mapping populations that appear NOT to be genotype background

dependent, i.e., portable and usable



Future

• Schumann, Smith, and Zhang

Objective is to develop a breeding value model for GWS for Texas

• Smith and students

• BDRIL for UHML, strength, and elongation fully characterized for HVI, AFIS, and

spinning (unique population)

• UHML up to 38 mm and HVI strength in lower 40 g/tex in segregating populations

• Early stages of evaluating High Throughput Phenotyping (quality and agronomics)

• Early stages of using limited AFIS data for selection at

the individual plant selection stage.



Other comments

• Progress to date is a collaborative effort with Eric Hequet, Hongbin Zhang, Steve Hague,

Jane Dever, Keerti Rathore, Jim Starr, Marvin Harris, USDA-ARS NPGS, NUMEROUS

graduate students, NUMEROUS other colleagues around the United States

• Consistent (however small or large) funding and administrative support are ESSENTIAL

• Commodity support from Cotton Incorporated has been and will be key for my program

• The future is BRIGHT

• Fiber quality in G. hirsutum only dreamed of 15 years ago is a reality

• Genomics playing a key role in large company cotton breeding

• REALLY REALLY bright young scientists emerging

• PLANT BREEDING HAS RE-EMERGED AS A SOLUTION


One more item: NEW PARIDIGMS IN PLANT BREEDING EDUATION

Spring 2013: Texas A&M, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, launched a Distance Degree

program in plant breeding.

M.S. (thesis option and non-thesis option)

Ph.D. (dissertation option only)

Fall 2013: launched a Continuing Education (non-degree) program in plant breeding.

Only Land Grant University in the U.S. to offer the M.S. thesis option and Ph.D. graduate

degrees in Plant Breeding.



DISTANCE DELIVERY OF MS (TO & NTO) AND PHD IN PLANT BREEDING FROM TEXAS A&M

UNIVERSITY

• WHAT IS THE SAME:

COURSES, EXAMS, EXPECTATIONS

PROFESSORS

UNIVERSITY ADMISSION STANDARDS

•ENGLISH

•GRE

•GPA




UNIVERSITY

• WHAT IS DIFFERENT:

INFORMATION DELIVERY

INTERACT WITH STUDENTS ELECTRONICALLY

NO CAMPUS RESIDENCY

• ADDITIONAL APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

PROPOSED RESEARCH

DISTANCE CO-CHAIR

UPFRONT INTERACTION WITH CO-CHAIR

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT




UNIVERSITY

• INFORMATION AVAILABLE AT

• HTTP://SOILCROP.TAMU.EDU

• [email protected]

• [email protected]



Other comments

I want to express my appreciation to the Congresso Brasileiro Do Algodao for

the invitation and hospitality, especially Renata Cunha, Sebastiao Barbosa,

Camilo Morrello, and Francisco Farris.

And most especially to you for attending this presentation; I hope that you

found it worth your time.

Questions or comments?

QUALITY: PATH TO COMPETITIVENESS & …...2015/03/09 · QUALITY: PATH TO COMPETITIVENESS &...

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