PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF WORK PLACE

The physical environment in the work place has a direct relationship on the health and safety of the individual. Physical hazards may cause injury or disease. These hazards may include noise, vibration, radiation, and extremes in temperature and pressure. When discussing the physical environment we focus primarily on three specific areas:

Ergonomics Workspace Cleanliness

PHYSICAL SURROUNDINGS OF WORK PLACE

LightningVentilation & temperature

Noise

LIGHTNING

Adequate and proper lightning is essential is essential for workers as it enables them to work with speed and accuracy. Poor lightning causes

Eye strain Mental fatigue Accidents & irritation

INADEQUATE LIGHTNINGRecommend softer illumination

Suggest mixing indirect lighting to reduce glare with directly targeted

lighting to illuminate points of focus.

Add antiglare filters to older computer screens.

IF IT IS A GOOD OFFICE DESIGN?

Ventilation and temperature Ventilation is necessary to

provide fresh air. Temperature and humidity should not be extreme as these cause discomfort and accidents . It is necessary to keep the air reasonably cool and dry. Air should also be free from dust , toxic gases and fumes. Fans , coolers, heaters and air conditioners may be used for this purpose.

NOISE

Noise means any kind of sound unpleasant to ears. Intermittent noise is more irritating than continuous noise. The effort made to ignore noise causes fatigue and adverse effect on the nerves of a worker.

MACHINES

CAUSES OF NOISE

MOVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES

CELL PHONES

CLEANLINESS & HYGIENE

Occupational (industrial) hygiene is a discipline involved in the protection of workers from adverse effects of workplace stressors. Industrial Hygenists focus on the work environment by anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, and controlling hazards in the workplace. An Industrial Hygienist can test the air quality for harmful substances and provide a solution.

Quality of work life

CONSTRUCTS OF QWL

QUALITY OF WORK

LIFE

Competency

Development

Job Satisfaction

Job Security

Health and Well-Being

Work and Non-

Work Life

Balance

HEALTH & WELLBEING of QWL refers to physical& psychological aspects of an individual in any working environment.

JOB SECURITY: There is a dramatic change in organizations due contempary work environment.

JOB SATISFACTION is one of the heavily studied construct of QWL. IT is defined as an employees level of positive effect towards job or job situation that enhances QWL.

COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT is to enhance the skill sets in order to remain employable. There should be task variety & skill development opportunities to foster the competency development among the workforce.

WORK & NONWORK LIFE BALANCE is a major component of QWL which is important for both the employees, is the relationship b/w work& home life.

Factors that influence and decide the quality

of work life

ATTITUDEENVIRONMENTOPPORTUNITIESNATURE OF JOBGROWTH & DEVELOPMENT

CAREER PROSPECTS

STRESS LEVELCHALLENGESPEOPLERISK INVOLVED &

REWARD

Methods to Improve QWL

Flextime, Flexi placeAlternative Work SchedulesCompressed Work Week Job Enrichment Job Rotation Job Enlargement Autonomous Work Groups / Self-

managed Teams

Management of employee stressCongenial worker supervisor

relationsSound promotion policy & career

development

Quality Circles

…………… is a group of employees that meet regularly to solve problems affecting its work area.

BENEFITS OF QWL PROGRAMS

Successful organizations support and provide facilities to their people to help them to balance the scales. In this process, organizations are coming up with new and innovative ideas to improve the quality of work and quality of work life of every individual in the organization..

Organizations are enjoying the fruits of implementing QWL programs in the form of

Increased productivity, An efficient, satisfied, and committed

workforce which aims to achieve organizational objectives.

Effects of Low QWL

High rate of Absenteeism Tardiness High Labor Turnover Strikes & Sabotage Wastage & Spoilage Low productivity

FATIGUE & BOREDOM at work place

Fatigue is a feeling of weariness, tiredness, or lack of energy that does not go away when you rest. People may feel fatigued – in body or mind (physical fatigue or psychological fatigue).

Fatigue may be defined as reduction in the activity due to continuous work. It is a sort of negative appetite for work.

Boredom implies reduced interest in work. It is a worker desire for change of work.

It reflects mental dullness.

Common workplace issues that can cause fatigue &

boredom include: Shift work – the human body is designed to

sleep during the night. Poor workplace practices – can add to a

person’s level of fatigue. These may include long work hours, hard physical labour, irregular working hours (such as rotating shifts), stressful work environment (such as excessive noise or temperature extremes), boredom, working alone with little or no interaction with others, or fixed concentration on a repetitive task.

Workplace stress – can be caused by a wide range of factors including job dissatisfaction, heavy workload, conflicts with bosses or colleagues, bullying, constant change, or threats to job security.

Burnout – can be described as striving too hard in one area of life while neglecting everything else. ‘Workaholics’, for example, put all their energies into their career, which puts their family life, social life and personal interests out of balance.

MEASURES AND EFFECTS OF FATIGUE

The states of absenteeism and labour turnover.

The rate of accidents Percentage of rejects, rework and

spoiled work. Reduction in productivity.

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