Qualitative and Quantitative Water Scarcity Issues Bihar 2010

8/3/2019 Qualitative and Quantitative Water Scarcity Issues Bihar 2010

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Qualitative and Quantitative Water Scarcity

Issues in Bihar, India

ASHOK GHOSH

MANAGEMENT

A.N.COLLEGE, PATNA


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Water Quality and Quantity

"Water quality andquantity is going to be

the biggest challenge

in coming years tohuman beings on

planet Earth.......Many

persons have survivedwithout love, but none

without water"


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Our Life Style ???

If everyone on Earth

continue our current life

style, it would takemore than 7 Earths to

support human

population by the end ofthis century.


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THE

ONE

KNOW

TO


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Changes in the present century: GlaciersGan otri Glacier

(NASA) Receding since

1870 when data

gathering began

1,147 metersmelted away

during the 61 years

e ween an

1996 (19 meters

er ear

Receded 850

meters durin the25 years between

1975 and 1999 (34

meters per year)


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Bihar- A Water Resource Hub

Playground of perennial Himalayan

and seasonal Peninsular Streams

Abundance of a uifers at all levels


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NEPAL

Satelliteview ofas arPlains

.

Ganges Indian Craton


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Aquifers of Bihar


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GANGAMEGHNA

BRAMHAPUTRA

GMB Plains -Area 569 thousand sq km

Population >500 million

RIVERBASINS


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in the Eastern Plains of Indiain the Eastern Plains of India

2,300

Precipitation : 4,000 km3

2,100

2,200 Adequate Water ere are we ea ngto ?

1 800

1,900

2,000

Water Scarcity

1,600

1,700

1,500

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016


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ATER RE R E THE - RRE T IT TATI

High dependence on ground

water (85%) ver ex rac on o groun wa er

for irrigation

Neglect of traditional practices

,

harvesting

Inade uate inte rated watermanagement and watershed

development

Emerging water quality problems


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Shrinking Wetlands of Bihar- CurrentClimatic and Tectonic Chan es? Ghosh et

al,2004)


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Projection of Climate Change on Water

Availability

The gross per capita water availability in Bihar3

as low as about 1,170 m3/yr in 2050

Bihar will reach a state of water stress before

2020 when the availability of clean water falls3


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Remote Sensing Image - 1984


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Remote Sensing Image - 2004


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urren u o

Surplus River Water State Bihar

Surface water coverage in Ghagra-Gandakan a - os ones ecrease y .and 37.8% respectively

ass ve se mentat on ea ng to nearobliteration of water bodies, including

Increase in surface water area in Kosi Fan.

Eastward shift in mid-section of the Kosi.


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Im act on round water rechar e Impact on fish culture and makhana

Shrinkage and disappearance of wetlandeco ogy Shrinkin Kabar Tal is a ro osed

Ramsar Site. It covered 6786.05 hectaresin 1984, but in 2004 revealed shrinka eto 5043.825 hectares.

by our studies in North Bihar


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CHANGES IN MAJOR LAND USE CATEGORIES IN BIHAR

[Based on 1984 & 2004 remote sensing images]

Land use t ypes

[Fig. in

Hec ta res ] [Fig . in Hect ares]Change [ i n %]

e an s . . - .

Forest s, 4812.63 5773.54 19.96

inc lud ing

p lanta t ions

-. . .

Fal low 18653.12 20956.63 12.35

Sand and

Cloud

978.53 1373.12 40.32

cover/Haze

Unc lass i f ied 521.52 860.12 64.93

TOTAL 56138.23 56138.23 -


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easona ava a y

whole.


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water accounted for decline in the

.

Conversely in the middle plains,

shrinking wetlands gave way to newarable land in their outer confines.

The eastern segment is subject to rising

lands


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Water Disease Trian le Source of Health Hazard

Lack of

Clean Water

Lack of

Safe Sanitation

Lack of

Source: WHO/UNICEF, 2009


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Due to Climatic chan es and

Anthropogenic activities


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Status of Water Quality in Bihar

Surface water pollution

acter o og ca an em ca ,

Arsenic, Fluoride and Nitrate.


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The Gan es is thelongest river in South

Asia. With a total

length of 2,640 km


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Ganga at Gomukh


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Ganga at Gangotri


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Bihar


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Ganga at Patna

and also, a morgue


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anga a a na


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Herniation in Zooplanktons

The Ganga water has become highly polluted with

the growing urbanization and industrialization

have increased the pollution load discharged intothe River Ganga resulting in loss of the rivers

ass m at ve capac ty.

Very high rate of herniation has been detected inGanga Water in Bihar


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Herniation: Cladocera Bosmina

0.6

0.7

tage(%)

0.3

0.4

0.5

ionPer

ce

0

0.1

0.2

Herniat

0 5 10 15

Serial Numbers

bosminaherniati


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Herniation: Nauplius

Nauplius Herniation %

0.8

0.9

tage(%)

0.4

0.50.6

.

ionPerce

0.1

0.2

0.3

Hernia

0

0 5 10 15

Serial Numbers

Nauplius


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ARSENIC IN GROUND WATER


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Himala a

Ganga GMB Plain

Area 569749 sq km

Population >500 million

Bay of Bengal

Arsenic Map of Bihar 2010


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West Champaran

ArsenicMapofBihar 2010

East amparan

Sitamarhi MadhubaniSupaul

Araria

Kishanganj

Gopalganj

Purnia

Darbhanga

Saran VaishaliSamastipur Saharsa

Madhepura

KatiharBhojpurBuxar Patna

Nalanda MungerSheikhpura

Begusarai

Bhagalpur

Khagaria

Kaimur

GayaAurangabadNawada

Jamui

BankaLakhisarai

16ArsenicAffectedDistricts

SourceData:

Dept.

of

EWM,

A.N.C

ollege,

Patna


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NEPAL

-Play Ground

of

Rivers

Arsenicin

Bihar

Hig y

Arsenic

GangaIndian Craton

In ested


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. .

More than30thousand hand um s

tested 32%oftestedsourceshad

arsenic

contaminated

water

of>10

ppb.

HighestAs.ValueRecorded 1861ppb Atotalof16Bihardistricts(57blocks)

areaffectedbyhighlevelofarsenicin

Trivalentarsenic87%ingroundwater WorstaffecteddistrictsareBhojpur,


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e ottest rsen c an ump o ar

Krishna Kumar Panday,Pandaytola,Bhojpur Owner of hand pump

with highest recordedArsenic Concentration of 1861 ppb in Bihar


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Maize:Total As -0.24 ug As g-1

chainofBihar

FoodChainRice - 0.36 ug As g-1

Irrigation Tube well =As 980 ppb

Gif f h i


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Gift of home comin ..

Ram Ashan Panday Ex Army Man Developed Symptoms after hisReturn to native village - Panday Tola,Bhojpur

Gif f h i


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Gift of home comin ..

Kisan Panday

Symptoms after his

Panday Tola,Bhojpur


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-


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rsenic Patients Bhaglpur- Kahalgaon


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Arsenic Patients Khagaria


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FLUORIDE INGROUND WATER OF

BIHAR

FLUORIDE CONTAMINATED


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FLUORIDE CONTAMINATED

WATER SOURCES

Fluoride contaminated aquifers in dry areas of

confirmed:

Gaya Nawada

Rohtas

Munger

Bhagalpur

Bihar - Fluoride in


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West Champaran Ground Water

East amparan

Sitamarhi MadhubaniSupaul

ArariaKishanganj

Gopalganj

Purnia

Darbhanga

Saran VaishaliSamastipur Saharsa

Madhepura

KatiharBhojpur

Rohtas

BuxarPatna

Nalanda MungerSheikhpura

Begusarai

Bhagalpur

Khagaria

Kaimur

GayaAurangabadNawada

Jamui

Banka

Lakhisarai

Fluoride affected Districts


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Our Fluuride Reserch

We have initiated study on Fluoride contaminationin Nawada District

Fluoride level u to 6.8 m has been detected

against the permissible limit of 1.5 ppm

very high concentration of Fluoride

have been identified


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Clinical Outcomes of Endemic Fluorosis

Dental Fluorosis in Children

Skeletal Fluorosis in Adults


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Children of Kachariya Dih, Nawada


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Trauma of Kachariya Dih, Nawada


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,

water quality striking humanity


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Dental Fluorosis

Kachariya Dih, Nawada: WE are


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Kachariya Dih, Nawada: WE are

allowing this happen to our children


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Nature vs. Man


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Challenge, Where Do We Begin?

Priorities

1. Control of indiscriminate ground water usage.

2. Match specific water demand toquality needed

3. Maximize use of reclaimed

4. Sustained resources for technology,

training, infrastructure5. Enforce healthy land use policy

6. Attention on agriculture and industry

7. Emphasis on water education, water as ultimate human

resource

Path Forward


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1.4

.

Projections

applicationof

moresustainable

technologies

1.2

NumberofEarthsUsedbyHumanity

ofEarths

0.8

1.0

NumberofEarthsAvailable

pathway

O ortunities for

Num

ber

0.6

innovation

0.4

Today0.2

1980 2000 20201970 1990 2010 2030


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YES Waterresourcema ers

ecausesurv va civilizationmatters!THANKS

Qualitative and Quantitative Water Scarcity Issues Bihar 2010

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