Pumps&control system

7/28/2019 Pumps&control system

1/103

We reached

Likes in10,000+

M A G A Z I N E

https://www.facebook.com/IamCheEng

6/2013
https://www.facebook.com/IamCheEnghttps://www.facebook.com/IamCheEng


2/103

Foryoursupport


3/103

I am a Chemical Engineer We discuss Chemical Engineering and

provide some information and news. We would like to think of our page as an

exchange page of experience and

information.

https://www.facebook.com/IamCheEng

SloganConnecting chemical engineers.

VisionImproving the chemical Engineering skills tomeet the work environment & to decrease the

gap between study and work.

MissionGathering information about any chemical

engineering fields.
https://www.facebook.com/IamCheEnghttps://www.facebook.com/IamCheEnghttps://www.facebook.com/IamCheEnghttps://www.facebook.com/IamCheEng


4/103

What Is Chemical Engineering?Chemical engineering basically is applied chemistry. It is the

branch of engineering concerned with the design,

construction, and operation of machines and plants thatperform chemical reactions to solve practical problems or

make useful products.

What Is a Chemical Engineer?Like all engineers, chemical engineers use math, physics, and

economics to solve technical problems. The differencebetween chemical engineers and other types of engineers is

that they apply a knowledge of chemistry in addition to other

engineering disciplines. Chemical engineers sometimes are

called 'universal engineers' because their scientific and

technical mastery is so broad.

What Do Chemical Engineers Do?Some chemical engineers make designs and invent new

processes. Some construct instruments and facilities. Some

plan and operate facilities. Chemical engineers have helped

develop atomic science, polymers, paper, dyes, drugs, plastics,

fertilizers, foods, petrochemicals... pretty much everything.They devise ways to make products from raw materials and

ways to convert one material into another useful form.

Chemical engineers can make processes more cost effective or

more environmentally friendly or more

efficient. As you can see, a chemical

engineer can find a niche in any scientific

or engineering field.


5/103

Learn something about everything


6/103

What is the Function of a Gate Valve?

Definition

A gate valve, also referred to as a sluice valve, is a valvethat opens and closes to regulate fluid flow. A gate valve

opens by lifting a rectangular or round gate or wedge,

often called a sliding door, out of the fluid's path to allow it

to flow though.

FunctionGate valves are used in straight-flow fluid systems where a

minimum amount of friction is required. Unlike other

valves, gate valves are constructed to be used either

completely open or closed. If partially open, the fluid

velocity can damage the gate valve's seal and cause

leakage.

Stems

Gate valves contain either a non-rising or rising stem.

Rising stems are used as a visual indication of the valve

position and lift when a valve is open. Non-rising stems areused for underground gate valves or when vertical space is

constricted.


7/103

Different types of Flowmeters with their

Diagrams :i. Orifice Flowmeter

ii. Venturi Flowmeteriii. Nozzle Flowmeter

iv . Pitot Tube Flowmeter

v. Wedge Flowmeter

vi. Vortex Flowmeter

vii. Ultrasonic Flowmeter

viii. Turbine Flowmeterix. Magnetic Flowmeter


8/103

ManometerA Manometer is a device which can be used to measure

pressure of fluids(i.e liquids and Gases).

PRINCIPLE: Manometers are those pressure measuringdevices which are based on the principle of balancing the

column of liquid (whose pressure is to be found) by the

same or another column of liquid. They are of two types

1. simple manometers

2. Differential manometers

simple manometers are those which measure pressure at apoint in a fluid containing in the pipe or a vessel. On the

other hand Differential manometers measure the

difference of pressure between any two points in a fluid

contained in a pipe or vessel.


9/103

Feedforward Control :In contrast to feedback control, feedforward control acts

the moment a disturbance occurs, without having to wait

for a deviation in process variable. This enables a

feedforward controller to quickly and directly cancel out

the effect of a disturbance. To do this, a feedforwardcontroller produces its control action based on a

measurement of the disturbance.

When used, feedforward control is almost always

implemented as an add-on to feedback control. The

feedforward controller takes care of the major disturbance,

and the feedback controller takes care of everything else

that might cause the process variable to deviate from its

set point.


10/103

In our example of the heat exchanger, in which the major

disturbances come from changes in process flow rate, the

latter can be measured and used for adjusting the steam

flow rate proportionally. This is done by the feedforward

controller.

Implementing Feedforward Control :Many PID controllers have an external connection for

adding an input from a feedforward controller. Otherwise

the output of the feedforward controller can be externally

added to the output of the feedback controller. Review

your controller documentation and take special care with

scaling the feedforward signal. Many PID controllers expect

the feedforward signal to be scaled between -100% and

+100%.


11/103

Feedforward and feedback control is often combined with

cascade control, to ensure that their control actions

manipulate the physical process linearly, eliminating

control valve nonlinearities and mechanical problems.

If several major disturbances exist, a feedforward

controller can be implemented for each of them. Theoutputs of all the feedforward controllers can be added

together to produce one final feedforward signal. Only

consider disturbances that meet these criteria:

Measurableif it cant be measured you cant control from

it Predictable effect on the process variable most

disturbances will fall in this class Occur so rapidly that the

feedback control cannot deal with them as they happen.


12/103

Cascade Control :Cascade Control Systems contain integrated sets of control

loops

* Primary Loop: Monitors the control variable and uses

deviation from its setpoint to provide an output to thesecondary loop.

* Secondary Loop: Receives its setpoint from the primary

loop and controls the reference variable accordingly.

Benefits of Cascade Control1- Effectively accounts for external disturbances

2- Reduces dead time in variable response

3- Compatible with other Control Systems, such as Feed-

Back and Feed-Forward Control Architectures


13/103

Disadvantages of Cascade Control1- Multiple control loops make physical and computational

architecture more complex

2- Additional controllers and sensors can be costly


14/103

What is the Difference between rising stem gate

valve and non rising stem gate valve?

Rising stem gate Valve - Stem threads are out side of valvebody and in no contact with fluid medium. Stem rises while

opening the valve (by hand wheel). Since

the stem threads are located outside

obviously it needs some more vertical

clearance space while opening the valve.

Non Rising Stem gate Valve - Stem threads are inside thethe valve body and it is in contact with fluid medium.

Hence, lot of chances for fouling the

threads and these types of valves only can

be used in clean liquids and gases. Less

vertical clearance space required while

opening the valve.


15/103

Foot valve: a check valve on the foot of a suction line toprevent back-flow.

A suction valve or check valve at the lower end of a pipe; esp.,

such a valve in a steam-engine condenser opening to the air

pump.

-A foot valve is nothing more than a swing check valve operating

in the vertical position at the the liquid entry to the vertical

suction line of a sump pump or another type of pump that has a

negative suction lift due to gravity - i.e., the pump is usually

located above the liquid level of the suction vessel or container. If

there is any logic in this description it is that the check valve islocated at the "foot" of the vertical pipe run. But it has to be

understood that we are talking about a check valve - not another

type of valve. The function of a foot valve is to contain the liquid

inventory within the pump casing and the suction line in the

event the pump is shut down or stopped. This action preserves

the liquid priming of the pump and allows for a successful, instantliquid pumping start up during the next, subsequent pump start-

up. This is especially useful when the

pump is started from an isolated

location and there is no one around to

manually prime the pump with liquid

prior to start up.


16/103

Float type steam trap :The Float type steam trap consists of a chamber having inlet and

outlet ports. The chamber contains a stainless steel ball-float

connected by a lever to the inside of the chamber wall. In the

body of the trap, the outlet port has valve seats fitted to

accommodate a valve plug which is fitted to the lever between

the float and the chamber wall.

When the trap is empty, the ball float is down and the outlet

valve is closed. As condensate (water) enters the trap and forms a

level, the ball begins to float and rise with the rising level.

At a pre-set level the rising lever actuates the valve plug and

opens the valve. Condensate passes out of the trap, the level falls

and the valve closes down. In this way, the level of condensate is

controlled and no steam loss is incurred. This type of trap works

well with heavy or light condensate loads.


17/103

THE THERMOSTATIC STEAM TRAPThis type of steam trap has a sealed, internal bellows element

filled with a liquid which has a boiling point about 25C below

that of water. Heating or cooling of the element causes it to

expand or contract. The bottom of the element is connected to avalve which fits into a seat in the trap body.

When the trap contains steam, the bellows is expanded by boiling

the liquid inside and the valve is closed. As condensate fills the

trap, it cools and the bellows begins to contract as its internal

liquid stops boiling. This opens the valve and the liquid is drainedoff and then replaced by steam. Once again the bellows expands

and closes the valve.


18/103

Relief Valves :

* Pressure relief valve - A spring-loaded pressure relief valve

which is designed to open to relieve excess pressure and to

reclose and prevent the further flow of fluid after normalconditions have been restored. It is characterised by a rapid-

opening 'pop' action or by opening in a manner generally

proportional to the increase in pressure over the opening

pressure. It may be used for either compressible or

incompressible fluids, depending on design, adjustment, or

application.

This is a general term, which includes safety valves, relief valves

and safety relief valves.

Safety valve - A pressure relief valve actuated by inlet static

pressure and characterized by rapid opening or pop action.

Safety valves are primarily used with compressible gases and in

particular for steam and air services. However, they can also be

used for process type applications where they may be needed to

protect the plant or to prevent spoilage of the product being

processed.


19/103

Relief Valves :

* Relief valve - A pressure relief device actuated by inlet static

pressure having a gradual lift generally proportional to the

increase in pressure over opening pressure.

Relief valves are commonly used in liquid systems, especially for

lower capacities and thermal expansion duty. They can also be

used on pumped systems as pressure overspill devices.

* Safety relief valve - A pressure relief valve characterised byrapid opening or pop action, or by opening in proportion to the

increase in pressure over the opening pressure, depending on the

application, and which may be used either for liquid or

compressible fluid.

In general, the safety relief valve will perform as a safety valvewhen used in a compressible gas system, but it will open in

proportion to the overpressure when used in liquid systems, as

would a relief valve.


20/103

Fluidized-Bed Heat Exchangers:In a fluidized-bed heat exchanger, one side of a two-fluid

exchanger is immersed in a bed of finely divided solid material,

such as a tube bundle immersed in a bed of sand or coal particles.

At a proper value of the fluid velocity, the upward drag force is

slightly higher than the weight of the bed particles. As a result,

the solid particles will float with an increase in bed volume, and

the bed behaves as a liquid. This results in a uniform temperature

for the total bed with an apparent thermal conductivity of the

solid particles as infinity.

Chemical reaction is common on the fluidized side in many

process applications, and combustion takes place in coal

combustion fluidized beds.

The common applications of the fluidized-bed heat exchanger aredrying, mixing, adsorption, reactor engineering, coal combustion,

and waste heat recovery.


21/103

There are four processes in the Rankine cycle. These states are

identified by numbers (in brown) in the above Ts diagram.

Process 1-2: The working fluid is pumped from low to high

pressure. As the fluid is a liquid at this stage the pump requires

little input energy.

Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is

heated at constant pressure by an external heat source tobecome a dry saturated vapor. The input energy required can be

easily calculated using mollier diagram or h-s chart or enthalpy-

entropy chart also known as steam tables.


22/103

Process 3-4: The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine,

generating power. This decreases the temperature and pressure

of the vapor, and some condensation may occur. The output in

this process can be easily calculated using the Enthalpy-entropy

chart or the steam tables.

Process 4-1: The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is

condensed at a constant temperature to become a saturated

liquid.by the condensers.


23/103

In an ideal Rankine cycle the pump and turbine would be

isentropic, i.e., the pump and turbine would generate no entropy

and hence maximize the net work output. Processes 1-2 and 3-4

would be represented by vertical lines on the T-S diagram and

more closely resemble that of the Carnot cycle. The Rankine cycle

shown here prevents the vapor ending up in the superheat region

after the expansion in the turbine,which reduces the energy

removed by the condensers.


24/103

THERMO-DYNAMIC STEAM TRAP:

This type of steam trap, when

installed, has a strainer fitted

into the line upstream of it, to

remove solid particles of scale .

.etc. As condensate enters thetrap, through the inlet pipe

with the steam pressure

behind it, a metal disc is

forced upwards into a small

chamber and the condensate

passes under the disc into theoutlet pipe.

The velocity of the water

passing through the trap is low, even when the pressure is high.

This is due to the density of the water being high compared to

that of steam and the fact that, within the trap, the fluids pass

through an angle of 180.

When all of the water has been displaced, steam begins to flow.

The greater velocity of the steam below the disc and the sudden

change of direction, causes a pressure drop under the disc which

pulls it down onto its seat and stops the steam flow.

The steam pressure in the chamber above the disc will be the

same as the line pressure thereby holding the disc on its seat.

When the steam above the disc cools and condenses, the

chamber pressure falls and the disc is forced upwards again by

the line pressure.

If only steam passes into the trap, the above process is repeated

with a small release of steam until the disc drops again.


25/103


26/103


27/103

AN INTRODUCTION TO PUMPING EQUIPMENT

Every magazine we will

introduce a special course,

Today our course is PUMP


28/103


WHAT IS THE PUMP?Pumps are machines which supply energy to a liquid in

order to move it from place to another.

The method that is used to supply this energy to the liquid

determines the category into which the pump is placed and

the system between the pump and the liquid final destination

defines the application.

Pumps enable a liquid to:1. Flow from a region or low pressure

to one of high pressure.

2. Flow from a low level to a higher

level.3. Flow at a faster rate.

Refinery Water Flood

Transportation


29/103


Pumps vary considerably in their size, construction

and principle of operation.

There are two main categories of pump:

Rotodynamic pumps.

Positive displacement pumps.

Diaphragm

Piston

Plunger

ReciprocatingRotary

Mixed flowGear

Lobe

Sliding Vane

Screw

Axial flow

Centrifugal

Rotodynamic

Turbine

PUMPPositive displacement
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/RotaryTypes.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/PositiveDTypes.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/PositiveDTypes.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/PositiveDTypes.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_9/RotaryTypes.ppt


30/103


Centrifugal Pumps:

Also known as rotary pumps, centrifugal pumps have arotating impeller, also known as a blade, that is immersed in

the liquid. Liquid enters the pump near the axis of the impeller,

and the rotating impeller sweeps the liquid out toward the

ends of the impeller blades at high pressure.

For low flows and high pressures, the action of the impeller islargely radial.

For higher flows and lower discharge pressures, the direction of

the flow within the pump is more nearly parallel to the axis of

the shaft, and the pump is said to have an axial flow. The

impeller in this case acts as a propeller.

The transition from one set of flow conditions to the other is

gradual, and for intermediate conditions, the device is called a

mixed-flow pump.


31/103


Positive-displacement Pumps:

A variety of positive-displacement pumps are alsoavailable, generally consisting of a rotating member with

a number of lobes that move in a close-fitting casing. The

liquid is trapped in the spaces between the lobes and

then discharged into a region of higher pressure. A

common device of this type is the gear pump, which

consists of a pair of meshing gears. The lobes in this case

are the gear teeth.

What is the main difference between kinetic and

positive displacement pumps ?

The main difference between kinetic and positive displacementpumps lies in the method of fluid transfer.

A kinetic pump imparts velocity energy to the fluid, which is

converted to pressure energy upon exiting the pump casing


32/103


A positive displacement pump moves a fixed volume

of fluid within the pump casing by applying a force to

moveable boundaries containing the fluid volume.

Positive displacement pumps are also divided into two majorpump categories : reciprocating & rotary.

Reciprocating pumps transfer a volume of fluid by a

crankshaft,eccentric cam or an alternating fluid pressure acting

on a piston, plunger or a diaphragm in a reciprocating motion.

The Table below outlines some of the main differences

between centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps and rotary

pumps. Note that centrifugal, reciprocating and rotary

pumps are all relatively broad categories. The table below

provides a comparison of features between these pump

categories that generally holds true.

Also, note that Table lists typical maximum flow rates and

heads. It is possible to build special pumps outside the upper

bounds of the pressures and flow rates

listed, but such pumps would be

prohibitively expensive for most

applications.


33/103


Rotary PumpsReciprocating

PumpsCentrifugal PumpsParameter

Low/MediumCapacity,

Low/Medium

Pressure

Low Capacity,High Pressure

Medium/High Capacity,Low/Medium Pressure

Optimum Flow andPressure

Applications

10,000+ GPM10,000+ GPM100,000+ GPMMaximum Flow

Rate

YesYesNoLow Flow Rate

Capability

4,000+ PSI100,000+ PSI6,000+ PSIMaximum Pressure

YesYesNoRequires ReliefValve

SmoothPulsatingSmoothSmooth or

Pulsating Flow

ConstantConstantVariableVariable or

Constant Flow

YesYesNoSelf-priming

Requires Less SpaceRequires More

Space

Requires Less SpaceSpace

Considerations

Lower Initial

Lower Maintenance

Lower Power

Higher Initial

Higher Maintenance

Lower Power

Lower Initial

Lower Maintenance

Higher Power

Costs

Requires clean,

clear, non-abrasive

fluid due to close

tolerances

Optimum

performance with

high viscosity fluids

Higher tolerance for

entrained gases

Suitable for clean,

clear, non-abrasive

fluids. Specially-

fitted pumps suitable

for abrasive-slurry

service.

Suitable for high

viscosity fluids

Higher tolerance for

entrained gases

Suitable for a wide

range including clean,

clear, non-abrasive

fluids to fluids with

abrasive, high-solid

content.

Not suitable for high

viscosity fluids

Lower tolerance for

entrained gases

Fluid Handling


34/103


Centrifugal Pumps Capacity:

The wide variety of centrifugal pumps manufactured offer arelatively large range of available capacities. Radial-flow and

mixed flow pumps are used for low to medium capacity

applications. For high capacity applications, axial-flow pumps

are capable of delivering flow rates in excess of 100,000 gpm.

Centrifugal pumps are not stable at low flow rates, although

there are special low-flow centrifugal pumps available that candeliver flow rates less than 10 gpm. However, for extreme low-

flow applications (< 1 gpm), positive displacement pumps are a

better selection.

Reciprocating & Rotary Pumps Capacity:

Reciprocating and rotary pumps are capable of capacitiesranging from low to medium, with flow rates peaking at

10,000+ gpm. In theory, reciprocating pumps can be

manufactured to deliver more capacity, but they become

prohibitively large and expensive at high flow rates. Both

reciprocating and rotary pumps are capable of delivering

product at extremely low flow rates (fractions of a gpm),

making them particularly suitable for many chemical injection

applications.


35/103


Why it is necessary to install a relief valve on the

discharge of the Reciprocating or Rotary pumps ?Because both reciprocating and rotary pumps will continually

increase pressure when pumping against a closed discharge to

the extent allowed by the drivers horsepower. This can result

in overpressure of the pump or piping components, so it is

necessary to install a relief valve on the discharge of the pump

capable of discharging the full capacity of the pump.

Why it is not necessary to install a relief valve on the

discharge of the Centrifugal pumps ?

A centrifugal pumps pressure rise is limited to the shut-off

pressure on the pump curve, which is always less than thedesign pressure of the pump (and the piping system if properly

designed). A relief valve is only needed if no other measures

are provided to detect low flow conditions and shut down the

pump to prevent damage. The relief valve need only be sized

to pass the minimum flow rate required to maintain stable flow

and prevent excessive temperature rise.


36/103


Centrifugal pumps and most rotary pumps provide smooth,

non-pulsating flow, while reciprocating pumps produce apulsating flow.

A pulsating flow may require special design considerations in

the piping system. If the pump is not located near the suction

source, then acceleration head can contribute to low NPSHA

problems, which may require the installation of a suctionstabilizer.

A pulsation dampener may need to be installed in the discharge

piping to reduce pressure surges resulting from the pulsating

flow.

Centrifugal Pumps Variable or Constant Flow:

Centrifugal pumps operate on a variable-flow, variable-head

curve. As the discharge pressure decreases, the pump delivers

a higher flow rate.

Centrifugal pumps are favored where process conditions often

require varying flow rates. For example, a level control valve

must throttle the flow rate from a vessel to maintain a constant

level in the vessel. A centrifugal pump is well suited to handle

this process condition.


37/103


Reciprocating & Rotary Pumps Variable or Constant

Flow:At any given speed, reciprocating and rotary pumps operate at

a constant flow rate regardless of the discharge

pressure. There are specific applications that require either

constant flow or variable flow. Metering pumps rely on a

constant flow at varying pressures, which makes reciprocating

pumps and rotary pumps suitable for this application. Piston

pumps used for metering will often use an adjustable stroke

length to allow the operator to vary the flow rate to meet the

system requirements.

whereas a positive displacement pump would either require a

continuous recycle to suction or a variable speed driver to

accommodate the variable flow.

Self-priming :

Reciprocating and rotary pumps are self-priming. This is an

important consideration where a prime cannot be maintained

on the pump. Centrifugal pumps are not inherently self-

priming, although some manufacturers do specially design self-priming units. External priming sources, such as an eductor or

vacuum pump can also be employed.


38/103


Costs Considerations :The reciprocating pump will generally have higher initial capitalcosts and will require more space relative to the centrifugal

pump or the rotary pump.

The reciprocating pump will generally have higher maintenance

costs relative to the centrifugal pump or the rotary pump.

The centrifugal pump will generally have higher annual power

consumption costs relative to the reciprocating pump or the

rotary pump because of lower efficiencies.

Costs Considerations :

A pump that is selected for an application outside of its

optimum operating parameters will almost certainly not follow

these rules. For example, a rotary pump operating in a high

pressure, abrasive-slurry service would probably have higher

maintenance costs than a properly selected reciprocating

pump. The close running clearances (particularly for high

pressure service) required in the rotary pump would likelyresult in premature wear and frequent maintenance.


39/103


Centrifugal Pumps Fluid Handling:Centrifugal pumps are suitable for transferring a variety offluids ranging from clean, clear non-abrasive fluids to abrasive-

slurries. However, a centrifugal pump is not the best choice for

pumping highly viscous fluids due to dramatic drops in

efficiency at high viscosities. Centrifugal pumps are not

normally specified for viscosities higher than about 4,000

SSU. Centrifugal pumps are also not well suited to pumping

entrained air. Most centrifugal pumps can handle up to about

2% entrained gas and specially-designed pumps can handle up

to about 10%.

Reciprocating Pumps Fluid Handling:

Reciprocating pumps are well suited for transferring clear, non-

abrasive fluids, as well as abrasive slurries. In fact, the

relatively low velocities of moving parts within a reciprocating

pump make it particularly resistant to erosion in abrasive-slurry

applications, provided that the pump is properly designed for

the service. Reciprocating pumps maintain high efficiencies

when pumping highly viscous fluids and can easily handle 50%and higher volumes of entrained gas.


40/103


Rotary Pumps Fluid Handling:Rotary pumps can also handle high viscosity fluids and highvolumes of entrained gas. In fact, many rotary pumps operate

at their best efficiency at higher viscosities. However, rotary

pumps are not well suited for pumping corrosive fluids or fluids

with abrasive solids because of close clearances between

rotating and static pump components.

Summary

One fact that must always be remembered: A pump does not

create pressure, it only provides flow. Pressure is a just an

indication of the amount of resistance to flow.

there are many different subcategories of pumps within these

broad categories and there are many regions of overlap where

multiple types of pumps in the same category and even in

different categories would be suitable. Since every pump

application is unique, each of the factors that influence the

pump selection must be considered in detail.


41/103


42/103


43/103

Learn how to have a successful job

interview


44/103

The fluid property, due to which, mercury does not wet the

glass is

A. surface tension

B. viscosity

C. cohesionD. Adhesion

Laminar flow of a Newtonion fluid ceases to exist, when the

Reynolds number exceeds

A. 4000

B. 1500C. 2100

D. 3000

The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in

a fluid, when the fluid is

A. non-viscous.B. incompressible.

C. both (a) and (b).

D. having no motion of one fluid layer relative to the other.

Head developed by a centrifugal pump depends on its

A. speed

B. impeller diameter

C. both (a) and (b)

D. neither (a) nor (b)

Learn how to have

a successful job interview


45/103

In Centrifugal compressors, why does surge occurs?

A. Surge occurs due to low pressure in the suction drum.

B. Surge occurs due to low flow at suction.

C. Surge occurs due to high speed.

D. None of the above (neither A, nor B, nor C)

Loading/unloading ethylene requires:

A. Loading arm overhaul

B. Loading arm dismantling

C. Loading arm cooling-down


Why is pH measured in the boiler blowdown?

A. To adjust the flow

B. To prevent corrosion

C. To inject detergent

D. To inject polyelectrolyte

What is the physical meaning of saturated steam?

A. It is a steam at low pressure.

B. Steam at Dew point or at a point where all water

transferred to vapor.

C. It is a steam at high pressure.


Sulphur dust is:

A. Irritant & flammable

B. Irritant and toxic

C. Toxic

D. Corrosive only

Learn how to have



46/103

Which of the following statement is not correct?

A. Traceability of the product is optional

B. Processes transform inputs into outputs

C. Quality policy determines organisational objectives

D. Efficiency is the relationship between result and resources

In steam boilers, why is a continuous blowdown provided.

A. To control level in steam boiler.

B. To control the quality of steam.

C. To control the pressure.

D. All the above (A + B + C).

What is the purpose of the fast purging in a steam boiler?

A. To remove the sludge from the boiler bottom

B. To replace part of the water with fresh make-up water

C. To sample the water to check for composition

D. To check the level inside the boiler drum

Which of the following is not a quality principle?

A. Customer focus

B. Continuous improvement

C. Process approach

D. Maximum production on-specification

How many carbon moles are in 6.00 g of C?

A. Two moles.

B. Three moles.

C. Half mole.

D. One mole.

Learn how to have



47/103

On process plants why are process/utilities connections

equipped with flexibles and specific fittings?

A. To make sure operator will recognize them

B. To prevent any mix of utilities

C. To facilitate the work of the operatorD. To prevent purging with the wrong utility and/or

hydrocarbon contamination

In a distillation column, what is flooding?

A. It is the level increase in the column.

B. Pressure drop in the column.C. It occurs when the liquid/vapour traffic is disturbed due

to high velocity of the vapour and liquid is entrained

upwards.

D. It occurs when the liquid/vapour traffic is disturbed due to

low velocity of the vapour and liquid weeps through the plates.

In a distillation column, what is the sensitive tray?

A. It is the tray at which the feed to the column is placed in

order to minimize temperature upsets.

B. It is the tray at which temperature in the stripping

section is controlled.

C. It is the tray at which most of the light and heavy

components are separated and fractionation occurs.


Learn how to have



48/103

For centrifugal pumps, what is cavitation?

A. Cavitation occurs due to low level in suction drum.

B. Cavitation occurs when the NPSH available is less than

the required NPSH.

C. It is the presence of vapour in the suction drum.D. None of the above(neither A, nor B, nor C)

Why is saturated steam used in the different reboilers in the

plant and not superheated steam?

A. To prevent corrosion

B. To reduce reboiler dutyC. To limit thermal exchange

D. None of the above(neither A, nor B, nor C)

For steam turbines, why is heating necessary before start

up?

A. To get more power.B. More discharge pressure.

C. More speed.

D. To avoid thermal shock.

What is Latent Heat?

A. It is the heat of a substance at ambient temperature.

B. Heat required to vaporise or to condense a gas.

C. Heat required to increase the temperature of 1 kg a

substance by 1C.

D. Heat required to melt or to freeze a liquid.

Learn how to have



49/103

What is Partial Pressure?

A. It is the pressure of a substance at ambient temperature.

B. Pressure required to vaporize or to condense a gas.

C. It is the pressure of individual component in a mixture

of gas.D. All the above (A + B + C).

What is Boiling Point?

A. It is the temperature required to vaporize the liquid.

B. Pressure and temperature drop in the column.

C. It is the temperature at which the vapour pressure of aliquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.


The net positive suction head (NPSH) of a centrifugal pump

is defined as the sum of the velocity head and the pressure

head at theA. discharge.

B. suction.

C. suction minus vapor pressure of the liquid at suction

temperature.

D. discharge minus vapor pressure of the liquid at the

discharge temperature.

Pour point and freezing point is equal for

A. petrol

B. diesel

C. water

D. crude petroleum

Learn how to have



50/103

In cracking furnaces or fired heaters, what is the advantage

of using excess air in combustion?

A. Fuel consumption will be reduced.

B. Temperature will be better.

C. Complete combustion is ensured.D. All the above (A + B + C).

Which of the following fractions of a crude oil will have the

maximum gravity API (i.e. API) ?

A. Diesel

B. GasolineC. Atmospheric gas oil

D. Vacuum gas oil

Short distance transportation of grain, gravel, sand, ash,

asphalt etc. is done by using a __________ conveyor.

A. flightB. slat or drag

C. ribbon

D. screw

Friction factor for fluid flow in pipe does not depend upon

the

A. pipe length.

B. pipe roughness.

C. fluid density & viscosity.

D. mass flow rate of fluid.

Learn how to have



51/103

Which one of the following is incombustible ?

A. H2 B. C2H2

C. CCl4 D. S

Fog is an example of colloidal system ofA. solid dispersed in gas.

B. solid dispersed in liquid.

C. liquid dispersed in gas.

D. gas dispersed in liquid.

In troposphere (the weather domain), the temperature 't' atheight 'h' above the sea level in metres is given by (where,

temperature at sea level is 15C and t is in C.)

A. t= 15 - 0.0065 h

B. t= 15 + 0.0065 h

C. t= 0.0035 h- 15

D. t= 15 - 0.0035

h

A high pressure boiler generates steam at a pressure greater

than __________ kg/cm2 .

A. 10 B. 50

C. 30 D. 80

Which of the following is not categorised as a "mechanical

operation" ?

A. Agitation

B. Filtration

C. Size enlargement

D. Humidification

Learn how to have



52/103

What is the kind of the following valve ?

slide valvegate valve

wafer check valve

expansion valve

Learn how to have



53/103

What is the kind of the following valve ?

needle valve

Foot valve

Butterfly Valve

non return valve or

one way valve or check valve

Learn how to have



54/103


55/103


56/103

Send your question and we

will post it on our page wall


57/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all

ONE of page fans has a question

and needs an answer

LIST of QUESTIONS

1. i wanna attempt to construct a viable home based

ammonia or urea production unit. using methane or

LPG. In your opinion, is this possible to do profitably?

And if it is cud u send me links to some literature that

may help me out. Thanks in advance

2. If there any chemical which when mixed with water

gives specific density higher than if water was mixed

with Baryte?

3. What is yield of a process ?

4. What are differences between HETP and HTU for

column

5. could you give me some information for the glycerin

process

6. Difference between total dead heat & dead head atmax. impeller centrifugal pump

7. Is stichoimetry compulsory for chemical engineering ?

8. dose the activation energy change with particle size

when finding the rate equation? or in another way dose

the activation energy affect with the particle size when

finding the rate equation?9. What chemical reaction not exothermic or endothermic

or third way is possible or not ?

10. I want references about bio gas plz

11. how to prepare organic fertilizer at home from domestic

waste?


58/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

LIST of QUESTIONS

12. if non condensable is added inthe distillation column ,

so what's the effect in the dew point of the distillate .

.whether it will increase or decrease? And why

13. What is the cheapest form of polymer?

14. What is the difference between a simple and long chain

polymer?

15. can any one help me to find information about Harriot

method for calculation of diffusion coefficient16. what is the MAX temperature allowable for a heat

exchanger AS CWS COOLING WATER SUPPLY ?

17. can you give me references for production of dimethyl

ether

18. What role does the Ventury effect have on mixing

chemicals?19. How can i check the purity of Kcl?

20. Which chemical will you add to water to increase the

viscocity to 40 centipose?

21. Esterification reaction is endothermic or exothermic?

22. can u suggest me whether chemical engg. Hv scope in

India...?23. What is the difference between extensive and intensive

properties ?

24. can u explaine about split type heat exchanger

25. How much water occupy in a 1" inch s.s pipe of length

10 meter ??? How can we calculate?


59/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

LIST of QUESTIONS

26. What is wet vacuum and dry vacuum and compare both

27. why hydrogen is exception for joule thomson effect?

28. i want to know where the distillation coulumn will be

used in a horizontal position? and how will be the

operating conditiones?

29. Can we use CSTR for gaseous reactant ?

30. Can we use liquid DAP instead of granules? As it will

reduce the cost of granulation,drying, cooling31. Would you please tell me what is the maximum suction

head for centrifugal pump in case of negative suction??

32. xplain d principles of the heat xchanger wen fluid flows

counter currently

33. how nuclear fusion and fission will takes place at a time

in hydrogen bomb?34. uses of vinyl sulphone ester ?


60/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Tawedzerwa Masuka

i wanna attempt to construct a viable home based

ammonia or urea production unit. using methane or

LPG. In your opinion, is this possible to do profitably?

And if it is cud u send me links to some literature that

may help me out. Thanks in advance

Name comment

Ah.yehia

this attach will help you

http://www.mediafire.com/download/w

7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rar

Nidhi Satwara

If there any chemical which when mixed with water gives

specific density higher than if water was mixed with

Baryte?

Name comment

Er Dhaval PatelMolybdenum sulphate with solution

pH 4-5.
https://www.facebook.com/tawedzerwa.masukahttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttp://www.mediafire.com/download/w7ftn158rtbinx3/ammonia.rarhttps://www.facebook.com/tawedzerwa.masukahttps://www.facebook.com/tawedzerwa.masukahttps://www.facebook.com/tawedzerwa.masuka


61/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Atul Gourh

What is yield of a process ?

Name comment

Ah.yehia

The yield of a chip manufacturing process

refers to how much salable product is ableto be produced. This can be an absolute

number (chips per day for example) or a

factor that refers to the percentage of total

chips manufactured that passed

inspection and were able to be sold. Of

course, the higher the yield, the more chips

that can be produced for (basically) the

same cost, which allows costs and hence

prices to decrease.

http://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/char/mfg

Yield-c.html

http://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-

projects/how-to-calculate-process-

yields.html
https://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/char/mfgYield-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/char/mfgYield-c.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.sixsigmatraining.org/six-sigma-projects/how-to-calculate-process-yields.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/char/mfgYield-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/char/mfgYield-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/char/mfgYield-c.htmlhttp://www.pcguide.com/ref/cpu/char/mfgYield-c.htmlhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourh


62/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Atul Gourh


Name comment

Ah.yehia

A manufacturing process has a 70%

yield, meaning that 70% of the productsare acceptable and 30% are defective

Abdelrahman

Mohamed

Khalid

i think yield means that the product we

need & and remaining byproducts aren't

important like the main one.

Mohamed

Wageeh

amount of desired product/amount of

undesired product(from side reaction)

Hussam Nabawy

or even from a single step reaction.. but

in this case a yield of a reaction will

express the conversion!!

Naveed Ali

Koondhar

Simply we can say the rate of production

Saad Raadthe desired material(product)/total

material(feed)

continue
https://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/medowageehhttps://www.facebook.com/medowageehhttps://www.facebook.com/medowageehhttps://www.facebook.com/medowageehhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourh


63/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Atul Gourh


Name comment

Yuosuf Al Faraj

the yield is simply what we have got as a

product at the end of the process.yield is related to the product while

conversion related to the reactant .

Syed Shah

Jehan Gillani

MEASURE OF PRODUCTIVITY HOW

EFFICIENTLY GETTING THE THEORETICAL

MAX.POSSIBLE OUTPUT BY GIVING

SPECIFIC INPUT

Mohamed

Hassn

Waheed

I think it is the percentage of conversion

from input raw material to the main

product

continue
https://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/syedshahjehanhttps://www.facebook.com/syedshahjehanhttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.h.waheedhttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.h.waheedhttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.h.waheedhttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.h.waheedhttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.h.waheedhttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.h.waheedhttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.h.waheedhttps://www.facebook.com/syedshahjehanhttps://www.facebook.com/syedshahjehanhttps://www.facebook.com/syedshahjehanhttps://www.facebook.com/syedshahjehanhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourhhttps://www.facebook.com/Atulgourh


64/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Tarkeshwar Pandey

What are differences between HETP and HTU for column

Name comment

Nickkhil Batra

hetp =height eqivalent to theoretical

stage .it is height of packing that providesseperation equal to tray

Nickkhil Batra

whereas htu is height of transfer unit

which shows seperation efiiceincy of

packinh

Prince Singla

Nickkhil: if HETU=HTU then wat u

interpret about operating line and

equilibrium line.....means are they

coincide or // or perpendicular...??

Nickkhil Batrai think operating lines are parallel in that

case

Z Maurcio HETP/HTU=eficiciency

Jawwad KhanHETP is generally used for distillation.. And

HTU for gas absorption or stripping....

Er Dhaval

Patel

Hetp=shows height of theorytical stages

&htu=shows that height of colum
https://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/prince.singla.712https://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/jawwad.khan.568https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/jawwad.khan.568https://www.facebook.com/jawwad.khan.568https://www.facebook.com/jawwad.khan.568https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/prince.singla.712https://www.facebook.com/prince.singla.712https://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batrahttps://www.facebook.com/nickkhil.batra


65/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Ivan Montiel

could you give me some information for the glycerin

process

Name comment

Abdallah EL-

Gharbawy

glycerin can be produced via two routes :

the first one from oil and fats by reaction

of oil with alchol (methanol & ethanol )

and then we get biodiesel and glycerol

Abdallah EL-

Gharbawy

the second routes from chlorination of

propylene to give allyl chloride, which is

oxidized with hypochlorite todichlorohydrins, which reacts with a strong

base to give epichlorohydrin.

Epichlorohydrin is then hydrolyzed to give

glycerol. Chlorine-free processes from

propylene include the synthesis of glycerol

from acrolein and propylene oxide.

Er Dhaval

Patel

Glycerine is bye product of soap mfg and

produce of fat or oile

Prejilesh

Vanimel

Triglycerides of fatty acid(oil) can split into

fatty acid &glycerin with high

temprature&pressure
https://www.facebook.com/strOkErOckhttps://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/prejileshhttps://www.facebook.com/prejileshhttps://www.facebook.com/prejileshhttps://www.facebook.com/prejileshhttps://www.facebook.com/prejileshhttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/strOkErOckhttps://www.facebook.com/strOkErOck


66/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Mohit Tiwari

Difference between total dead heat & dead head at max.

impeller centrifugal pump

Name comment

Ah.yehia

You can deadhead a centrifugal pump ifyou operate it full of liquid with the inlet

and outlet valves closed, so there is no

flow through the pump. In this case, the

rotating component of the pump (impeller)

will continue to agitate the same volume

of liquid.

Danger

The danger of deadheading a centrifugal

pump is that, as the liquid rotates,

frictional forces cause its temperature to

rise to the point where it vaporises. The

vapour disrupts cooling of the pump and

may cause excessive wear and tear to its

bearings. Deadheaded centrifugal pumps

have been known to explode even if they

contain just water or brine.


67/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Mohit Tiwari

Difference between total dead heat & dead head at max.impeller centrifugal pump

Name comment

Ah.yehia

Protection

A centrifugal pump can be protected from

the effects of deadheading by fitting a line,

upstream of the outlet valve, to recycle

liquid back to the inlet valve. The diameter

of the line should be sufficient to recycle

enough liquid to prevent the pump

overheating.

continue


68/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Faizan Arshad

Is stichoimetry compulsory for chemical engineering ?

Name comment

Narendra

Naren Kumar

s it's important

Duraisamy

Gopalakrishnan

s ofcourse.

Devendra

Gurjar

Yes

Muneeb Ur

Rahman

Yes as it helps to achive desired productdetails. As well as it izs the basis for mass

and heat transfer calculations which are

used to design equipments.

Junaid Ahmed yes

Er Dhaval Patel Yes it is important
https://www.facebook.com/narendra.n.kumar.33https://www.facebook.com/narendra.n.kumar.33https://www.facebook.com/duraisamy.gopalakrishnanhttps://www.facebook.com/duraisamy.gopalakrishnanhttps://www.facebook.com/devendra.gurjar.39https://www.facebook.com/devendra.gurjar.39https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/yaseen.ahmed.57https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/yaseen.ahmed.57https://www.facebook.com/yaseen.ahmed.57https://www.facebook.com/yaseen.ahmed.57https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/devendra.gurjar.39https://www.facebook.com/devendra.gurjar.39https://www.facebook.com/devendra.gurjar.39https://www.facebook.com/duraisamy.gopalakrishnanhttps://www.facebook.com/duraisamy.gopalakrishnanhttps://www.facebook.com/duraisamy.gopalakrishnanhttps://www.facebook.com/narendra.n.kumar.33https://www.facebook.com/narendra.n.kumar.33https://www.facebook.com/narendra.n.kumar.33https://www.facebook.com/narendra.n.kumar.33https://www.facebook.com/narendra.n.kumar.33


69/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Edmon A. Qusar

dose the activation energy change with particle size

when finding the rate equation?

or in another way dose the activation energy affect with

the particle size when finding the rate equation?

Name comment

Mohit TiwariI think it is only function of temperature

hence will not change with particle size

Jama Salimov

students opinion: activation energy can be

calculated using Arrhenius equation,

which is k=-A*e^(-Ea/RT)I don't see a direct correlation, but

increased particle size will give smaller

mass transfer area, hence heat transfer

area will be lowered, which indirectly

impacts rate of equation. I doubt there is

a strong impact.

Mohit Tiwari

I think particle size matters in collision

theory as it reduces the no. of affecting

collision of all particles hence reduction in

temp & rate reaction but no effect in

consideration for arrhenius equation
https://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/e.qusar


70/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Edmon A. Qusar

dose the activation energy change with particle size when

finding the rate equation?

or in another way dose the activation energy affect with

the particle size when finding the rate equation?

Name comment

Mohit Tiwari

Large particle size as per collision theory

will reduce the kinetic energy & hence

activation energy

Malus

Prathmesh

nope activation energy will not

chnge...mohit correctly pointed out.....it is afunction of temperature

Abdallah EL-

Gharbawy

activation energy only depend on

temperature

Muneeb Ur

Rahman

In collision theory, formation of products

takes place when reactant molecules collide

with a certain minimum energy to formproduct molecules. Hence at same

temperature more energy is required by

bigger molecule to move and collide

compared to smaller one. Therefore

activation energy is more for bigger

molecule at constant temperatue.

continue
https://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/prathmeshmalehttps://www.facebook.com/prathmeshmalehttps://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/prathmeshmalehttps://www.facebook.com/prathmeshmalehttps://www.facebook.com/prathmeshmalehttps://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/e.qusarhttps://www.facebook.com/e.qusar


71/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Gokul singh

What chemical reaction not exothermic or endothermic


Name comment

Ah.yehia

* An endothermic reaction is any chemical

reaction that absorbs heat from its

environment. Here's a list of examples of

endothermic reactions. You can use these

when asked to cite an example or to get ideas

to set up a demonstration of an endothermic

reaction or process.

* Endothermic Chemical Reactions

reaction of barium hydroxide octahydrate

crystals with dry ammonium chloride

dissolving ammonium chloride in water

reaction of thionyl chloride (SOCl2) with

cobalt(II) sulfate heptahydratemixing water and ammonium nitrate

mixing water with potassium chloride

reacting ethanoic acid with sodium carbonate

photosynthesis (chlorophyll is used to react


72/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Gokul singh

What chemical reaction not exothermic or endothermic


Name comment

Ah.yehia

Endothermic Chemical Reactions

carbon dioxide plus water plus energy to makeglucose and oxygen)

Endothermic Processes

* These examples could be written as chemical

reactions, but are more generally considered

to be endothermic or heat-absorbingprocesses:

melting ice cubes

melting solid salts

evaporating liquid water

converting frost to water vapor (melting,

boiling, and evaporation in general areendothermic processes)

making an anhydrous salt from a hydrate

forming a cation from an atom in the gas phase

splitting a gas molecule

separating ion pairs

cooking an egg

baking bread

continue


73/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

I want references about bio gas plz

Name comment

Micha

Kisielewski

http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-

Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983

Selvavinayagam Santhanam

how to prepare organic fertilizer at home from domestic

waste?

Name comment

Abdallah EL-

Gharbawy

by anaerobic digestion

Gokul Singh

Like a composte, we take a large chamber

and biodegradable waste collect in this

chamber, add water in this chamber, and

aerobic and anaerobic degration take place,

the reaction enffluent or product use as a

organic fertiliser.
https://www.facebook.com/Kisiel1mkhttps://www.facebook.com/Kisiel1mkhttps://www.facebook.com/Kisiel1mkhttp://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983https://www.facebook.com/selvavinayagam.santhanam?hc_location=streamhttps://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/singhgokulhttps://www.facebook.com/singhgokulhttps://www.facebook.com/singhgokulhttps://www.facebook.com/singhgokulhttps://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/abdallah.elgharbawy.1https://www.facebook.com/selvavinayagam.santhanam?hc_location=streamhttps://www.facebook.com/selvavinayagam.santhanam?hc_location=streamhttps://www.facebook.com/selvavinayagam.santhanam?hc_location=streamhttp://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983http://www.amazon.com/Biogas-Waste-Renewable-Resources-Introduction/dp/3527327983https://www.facebook.com/Kisiel1mkhttps://www.facebook.com/Kisiel1mkhttps://www.facebook.com/Kisiel1mk


74/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Sahil Satwara

if non condensable is added inthe distillation column , so

what's the effect in the dew point of the distillate .


Name comment

Peto Wagih

Look, I'm not sure of my answer but dew

point is the point at which the first drop of

liquid appears, So assuming that there is no

chemical reaction between the non

condensing material added and the existing

material and also assuming the same

pressureand temperature applied, I don't

see a reason why should dew point change

in the first place....I mean, it is function of

pressure and temperature in the first place

so by not changing these factors all what

changes is the "amount" of liquid not "dew

point".

Ahmed Yehia i think it has no effect

MdHan

INCREASES DUE TO INCREASE IN PRESSURE

!!
https://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/che.yehiahttps://www.facebook.com/ahmedhassan2011https://www.facebook.com/ahmedhassan2011https://www.facebook.com/ahmedhassan2011https://www.facebook.com/ahmedhassan2011https://www.facebook.com/ahmedhassan2011https://www.facebook.com/ahmedhassan2011https://www.facebook.com/che.yehiahttps://www.facebook.com/che.yehiahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwara


75/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Sahil Satwara




Name comment

Mohit

Tiwari

When vapor condenses in condenser of

column @dew point provide a wet surface

but then non condensable surrounds this

surface & then vapor will first diffuse

through this film of non condensable

(additional gas phase resistance) which

provide resistance to vapor reaching

towards dew point hence dew point

increases & load of condenser increase &

therefore reflux ratio decreases & hence

will be requirement of more no. of trays in

enriching section of column.

Mohit

Tiwari

as i think non condesable provide resistance

to vapor i.e work like inert & there will be

problem in phase transfer from bubble pt.

to dew point

Osama

Abdallha

decreases because of high pressure

which will be developed

continue
https://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/osama.abdallha.5https://www.facebook.com/osama.abdallha.5https://www.facebook.com/osama.abdallha.5https://www.facebook.com/osama.abdallha.5https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/mohit.tiwari.1804https://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwara


76/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Sahil Satwara




Name comment

Abo GoodaI think it will decrease

Clint

Regondola

Mohammed

increases due to Dalton's and Raoult's law

Z Maurciopi dec. (Dalton); xi dec. (Raoult); then yi inc.

and dew point increase.

continue
https://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/abo.goodahttps://www.facebook.com/clint.mohammedhttps://www.facebook.com/clint.mohammedhttps://www.facebook.com/clint.mohammedhttps://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/clint.mohammedhttps://www.facebook.com/clint.mohammedhttps://www.facebook.com/clint.mohammedhttps://www.facebook.com/clint.mohammedhttps://www.facebook.com/abo.goodahttps://www.facebook.com/abo.goodahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwarahttps://www.facebook.com/sahilsathwara


77/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Nidhi Satwara

What is the cheapest form of polymer?

Name comment

Zeeshan Amjad Malhipolythene

Abdelrahman Mohamed

Khalid

linear polymer

Alexander John Ricopolyethylene

Jeevarathnam Joseph

Polythene

Raghu Can Canpolythene

Tulio Yterbio Fernandes

Vale

It's polyethen

Harish Ch polystyrene

Gokul Gokzpolyethen

SaintYago Pincaypolyethylene is the most

economic globally

Gopal Danu1polyethylin
https://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/Zeeshan.malhihttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Jiro23https://www.facebook.com/jeevajeeva4https://www.facebook.com/RAGHU9492https://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/harish.ch.75https://www.facebook.com/gokul.manjulavilhttps://www.facebook.com/santiago.pincayporrashttps://www.facebook.com/gopal.danuhttps://www.facebook.com/gopal.danuhttps://www.facebook.com/gopal.danuhttps://www.facebook.com/gopal.danuhttps://www.facebook.com/santiago.pincayporrashttps://www.facebook.com/santiago.pincayporrashttps://www.facebook.com/santiago.pincayporrashttps://www.facebook.com/gokul.manjulavilhttps://www.facebook.com/gokul.manjulavilhttps://www.facebook.com/gokul.manjulavilhttps://www.facebook.com/harish.ch.75https://www.facebook.com/harish.ch.75https://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/RAGHU9492https://www.facebook.com/RAGHU9492https://www.facebook.com/jeevajeeva4https://www.facebook.com/jeevajeeva4https://www.facebook.com/jeevajeeva4https://www.facebook.com/Jiro23https://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Abdelrahman.mohamed.khalidhttps://www.facebook.com/Zeeshan.malhihttps://www.facebook.com/Zeeshan.malhihttps://www.facebook.com/Zeeshan.malhihttps://www.facebook.com/Zeeshan.malhihttps://www.facebook.com/Zeeshan.malhihttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwara


78/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Nidhi Satwara

What is the difference between a simple and long chain

polymer?

Name comment

Manne Nirmal

Kumar

A simple polymer consists of a long

chain of monomers joined by covalentbonds

Zeeshan Amjad

Malhi

Polymers are repeating units of

atoms that form a chain, as the length

of this chain increases, the polymers

molecular weight increases.

Simple polymers are by definition

then, short chain, low atoms per

molecule, structures.

Longer chains equal larger molecular

weight polymers. Longer chainsincorporate polymers with a lot more

diversity in applications, like high

density plastics with high melting

temperatures, abrasion resistance

(rubber , urethanes and such)
https://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/mannenirmalkumarhttps://www.facebook.com/mannenirmalkumarhttps://www.facebook.com/mannenirmalkumarhttps://www.facebook.com/mannenirmalkumarhttps://www.facebook.com/mannenirmalkumarhttps://www.facebook.com/mannenirmalkumarhttps://www.facebook.com/mannenirmalkumarhttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwara


79/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Nidhi Satwara

What is the difference between a simple and long chain

polymer?

Name comment

Mohamed Serag

Eldeen

if u ask about measuring? it must

have higher viscosity

Er Dhaval Patel

Simple polymer contain only

1monomar but chain polymer contain

monemar in series.

continue

Yucef Tawes

can any one help me to find information about Harriot

method for calculation of diffusion coefficient

Name comment

Abhilash

Narnaware

www.sciencedirect.com

u can search here
https://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/yucef.tawes.1https://www.facebook.com/abhilash.narnawarehttps://www.facebook.com/abhilash.narnawarehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/http://www.sciencedirect.com/https://www.facebook.com/abhilash.narnawarehttps://www.facebook.com/abhilash.narnawarehttps://www.facebook.com/abhilash.narnawarehttps://www.facebook.com/yucef.tawes.1https://www.facebook.com/yucef.tawes.1https://www.facebook.com/yucef.tawes.1https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwara


80/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

AhMed HAssan

what is the MAX temperature allowable for a heat


Name comment

Krunal Shah

It's depends on the condition...in hot

conditions It is around 55C to 60C

Z MaurcioIt depends on plant and local

Sana Ullahit's not fixed

Mustafa M HathalAlfukaiki

dew point

Yuosuf Al Faraj

we usually supply cooling water at

35C, so i think the max temperature

will be 40 to 45.

Raghu Can Cani think up 2 its bubble point

Mohamed Serag

Eldeen

bubbling point

Robin Pvi thnk it is 30
https://www.facebook.com/krronaldohttps://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/sana.ullah.501https://www.facebook.com/mustafamh.alfukaikihttps://www.facebook.com/mustafamh.alfukaikihttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/RAGHU9492https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/robinpv01https://www.facebook.com/robinpv01https://www.facebook.com/robinpv01https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/mohamed.serageldeen.56https://www.facebook.com/RAGHU9492https://www.facebook.com/RAGHU9492https://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/yuosuf.farajhttps://www.facebook.com/mustafamh.alfukaikihttps://www.facebook.com/mustafamh.alfukaikihttps://www.facebook.com/mustafamh.alfukaikihttps://www.facebook.com/mustafamh.alfukaikihttps://www.facebook.com/sana.ullah.501https://www.facebook.com/sana.ullah.501https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/krronaldohttps://www.facebook.com/krronaldohttps://www.facebook.com/krronaldo


81/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

AhMed HAssan

what is the MAX temperature allowable for a heat


Name comment

AhMed HAssan

answer 50c

as more than this calcium carbonate and

potassium carbonate may accumulated

again and make fouling probs.tand

corrosion prob.

ref:Guide to process equipment book

can you give me references for production of dimethyl

ether

Name comment

Sana Ullah

Turton,R.et al : Analysis, Synthesis and

design of Chemical Processes, 1998.

Page Number 709 to 711

continue
https://www.facebook.com/sana.ullah.501https://www.facebook.com/sana.ullah.501https://www.facebook.com/sana.ullah.501https://www.facebook.com/engralhasan


82/103

Sendyourquestion

and

wewillpostit

onourpagew

all


and needs an answer

Nidhi Satwara

What role does the Ventury effect have on mixing

chemicals?

Name comment

Azhar Mushtaq

it decrease the effect of pressure and

increase the mixing of chemical

Z Maurcio speeding velocity

Muneeb Ur

Rahman

Reduces mixing time

Nidhi Satwara

How can i check the purity of Kcl?

Name comment

Tulio Yterbio

Fernandes Vale

Volumetric analisys acid/base

Amr Waly titration vs NaOH

Z Maurcio

Constant current coulometry and ion

chromatography to subtract

bromide

Er Dhaval Patel Colaromatry titration
https://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/azharmushtaq19https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/muneeb.urrahman.9https://www.facebook.com/nidhi.satwarahttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.fernandesvalehttps://www.facebook.com/amr.waly3https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100003291319281https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/ze.mauricio.92https://www.facebook.com/amr.waly3https://www.facebook.com/amr.waly3https://www.facebook.com/amr.waly3https://www.facebook.com/tulioyterbio.ferna

Pumps&control system

Documents

Transcript of Pumps&control system