Decisions for proper operation

Pump Choice &

Settings

Pumps, Sizing, Dosing & Flow

Measurement Pump choices

Purpose

Pump sizing

Operating point

Dose Volume

Demand Dosing

Time Dosing

Is there a pump?Pump Types

Type of pump:

Multi-stage

Single-stage

Grinder Pumps

Some systems will have

grinder pumps

These macerate solids

Need more power to grind

material: 230V+

Larger, heavier

More expensive

Do not discharge to field

All Equipment: Read/Follow

Manufacturer’s Manual

Equipment/component

warranties are tied to

proper maintenance

Follow mfg instructions

Understand required

maintenance intervals

Applies to all

equipment/components

This class not a substitute

for knowing requirements

Pump Variables: GPM Gallons per minute

Pump Capacity

Flow rate

Set by system in Pressure

systems

Pipe Diameter

Number of perforations

Perforation size

Discharge pressure

Pump Variables: TDH

Total dynamic head

Feet [Drip systems psi]

Amount of push

Set by Location in Pressure

systems :

Elevation difference

Piping Length

Friction loss {based on Flow rate}

Pump sizing [Gravity System]

TDH

Set by Location

Impacted by flow

GPM

10 - 45 gpm

Pump sizing [Pressure System]

TDH

Set by Elevation

Flow rate

Distribution

GPM

Set by Number of orifices [6- 10 sqft

per orifice]

Orifice size

Operating pressure

Pump vaultsVault Capacity [gpm]

must be greater than

Pump Capacity [gpm]

OWTS MATH: UNITS

Units are very important

Units can show you a mistake

Always include units in every calculation

Cancel units to verify correct units for results

What are Units?: feet, inches, gallons, square feet,

cubic feet, GPM, Gal/CF, etc

OWTS MATH: UNITS (cont.)

Understanding dimensions:

Length/Linear= one dimension (X1)feet, inches, yards, miles, meters, etc

Area= two dimensions (Square Units, X2)square feet, square inches, square meters, etc

Volume= three dimensions (Cubic Units, X3)cubic feet, gallons, liters, bushels, etc

OWTS MATH: UNITS (cont.)

Example: Calculate/convert gallons per inch.

4ft X 7ft X 0.08ft/in X 7.5 gal/ft3

4ft X 7ft = 28 ft2

28 ft2 X 0.08 ft/in = 2.24 ft3 /in

2.24ft3 /in X 7.5 gal/ft3 = 16.8 gal/in

Convert 1” into parts of a foot: 1”÷12”/ft= 0.083ft

Anything divided by itself, or an equivalent value= 1

Example

4’ x 7’ Pump Tank

Gallons Per Inch

Area x 1’ x 7.5 gal/ft3 ÷ 12 inch/ft = gal/inch {gpi}

28 ft2 x 1’ x 7.5 gal/ft3 ÷ 12 inch/ft = 17.5 gpi

12.5 ft2 x 1’ x 7.5 gal/ft3 ÷ 12 inch/ft = 7.8 gpi

What is a Demand System?

“Socially Controlled”

Controlled by flow

Piggy back Plug in

Non-electrician

Panel Better connections

Additional tools for management

Dose is Set by Sensor

Float Separation

Pressure Change

Setting of Sensor

Sensors

Floats

Pressure

Electric

Floats: Functions [Demand]

Off

Redundant off

On

Dose volume is

between OFF &ON

Alarm

Be careful with a Check valve

Dose Volume (Pumped or Net)

Maximum

25% of the Daily flow

+ Drainback [with no Check valve]

Minimum ~ {Micro dosing}

Minimum Sensor difference

3-5X the Lateral Volume [Pressure System]

+ Drainback [with no Check valve]

Gravity System ~ at least once an hour

~ Design flow ÷ 24 hr/day

Drainback?

Check valve

Purge hole

Bottom of the pipe

Drainback Drainback= Volume of Discharge pipe

Drainback= Volume/ft (Table A.4 (b)) X ft of pipe

Ex: 60’ of 2 inch pipe

Sch. 40, 2” pipe= 0.17 gal/ft

Physically measure?

Pipeline Volume(Gallons per foot)

PVC Rigid Pipe

PVC Flexible Pressure

Pipe

Nominal

Size

(inches)

Schedule 40 Schedule 80 SDR 26 (160

psi)

SDR 21 (200

psi)

Corrugated

tubing

¾ 0.028 0.022

1 0.045 0.037 0.058 0.055

1 ¼ 0.078 0.067 0.096 0.092

1 ½ 0.106 0.092 0.126 0.121

2 0.174 0.153 0.196 0.188

3 0.384 0.343 0.426 0.409

4 0.661 0.597 0.704 0.677 0.653

6 1.50 1.35 1.53 1.47 1.47

Table A.4 (b)

Drainback Drainback = Volume of pipe

Drainback = Volume / ft (Table A.4 (b)) x ft of pipe

Ex: 60’ of 2 inch pipe

2” Sch. 40 pipe = 0.17 gal/ft

Drain back = 60’ x 0.17 gal/ft = 10.2 gal

Max Dose Calculation

25% of daily flow

Design flow= 600 gpd

600 gpd x 0.25= 150 gal

+ Drainback

Drainback= 60 ft X 0.17 gal/ft= 10.2 gal

150 gal + 10.2 gal= 160.2 gal

Minimum Dose Minimum Sensor difference

RJ Floats are 3” Min DV = Min float x gpi

Min DV = 3” x 17.5 gpi

Minimum Dose 4 x the Lateral Volume [Pressure System]

Lateral Vol. = Volume / ft (Table A.4 (b)) x ft of pipe

Pipeline Volume(Gallons per foot)

PVC Rigid Pipe

PVC Flexible Pressure

Pipe

Nominal

Size

(inches)

Schedule 40 Schedule 80 SDR 26 (160

psi)

SDR 21 (200

psi)

Corrugated

tubing

¾ 0.028 0.022

1 0.045 0.037 0.058 0.055

1 ¼ 0.078 0.067 0.096 0.092

1 ½ 0.106 0.092 0.126 0.121

2 0.174 0.153 0.196 0.188

3 0.384 0.343 0.426 0.409

4 0.661 0.597 0.704 0.677 0.653

6 1.50 1.35 1.53 1.47 1.47

Table A.4 (b) Minimum Dose 4 X the Lateral Volume [Pressure System]

Lateral Vol.= Volume / ft (Table A.4 (b)) X ft of pipe

Ex: 150’ of 1 1/4 inch pipe

Sch. 40 1 1/4” pipe= 0.078 gal/ft

Lateral Vol.= 0.078 g/ft X 150 ft of pipe

Lateral Vol.= 11.7 gal

Drainback Drain back= Volume of Discharge pipe

Drain back= Volume/ft (Table A.4 (b)) X ft of pipe

Ex: 60’ of 2 inch pipe

2” Sch. 40 pipe= 0.17 gal/ft

Drain back= 60’ X 0.17 gal/ft= 10.2 gal

Minimum Dose 4 X the Lateral Volume [Pressure System]

+ Drainback

Min Dose= [4 x 11.7 gal] + 10.2 gal

Minimum Dose= 57 gal

Gravity System [Minimum]

at least dose per hour + Drainback

Min DV= Design flow ÷ 24 hr/day

Min DV= 600 gpd ÷ 24 hr/day= 25 gal/dose

DV= Dose Volume

Demand float setting

Gallons per inch

Area (sqft) x 7.5 (gal/sqft) ÷ 12 (in/ft)

Maximum

25 % daily + drainback

Minimum

Pressure System= Lateral volume x 4 + drainback

Minimum sensor Setting

Gravity System= One dose/hour

Demand Float Setting

Gallons per inch

17.5 gals/inch

Sensor Settings

Separation= DV ÷ gpi

Separation [inch]= 87.5 gal ÷ 17.5 gals/inch

DV= Dose Volume

Demand Dosing

Single or Double

floats

On level sets the

volume

Check valve holds

effluent in the piping

Off level above the

pump

47”-3”= 44”ON Alarm

Dose Volume (DV) Existing Settings

Inches pumped (Drawdown)=

Pump OFF – Pump ON

52” – 47” = 5” Ex: Timed with watch 3 minutes

Alarm@44”

Dose Volume (DV)

GPI = 17.5

Pump drawdown (inches): 5 in.

Dose Volume (DV)= Drawdown (in) x GPI

DV= 5 in x 17.5 gal/in= 87.5 gal

Pump delivery rate (PDR)

Dose Volume (gal) From Item 5

Verified Pump run time “ON” (min)

Dose Volume ÷ Pump run time “ON” (min) = (GPM)

(With a Check Valve) 87.5 gal ÷ 3 min = 29.2 GPM

Measuring Total Gallons Cycle Counter

# of Doses x Dose Volume

Elapsed time Meter

Time x GPM

Remember to Consider

Drainback

Measuring Flow: CC

Using Cycle Counters (CC)

What do I need to have?

Days between readings (only when in operation)

Change in value= Total Number of Cycles (NC)

Dose Volume (DV)

(Use net volume)

Total flow NC X DV [to system]= Total flow

Total flow ÷ Days= Average Daily Flow

Total Gallons [CC] w/ check valve

Cycle Counter (CC)

[(PCR) – (LCR)] x (DV) = Total gallons

(45,289 – 44,891) x 87.5 gal = 34,825 gal

Total gallons ÷ (# of days) = GPD

34,825 gal ÷ 100 days = 348 GPD

PCR= Present Counter Reading

LCR= Last Counter Reading

Total Gallons [CC] no check valve

Cycle Counter (CC)

[(PCR) – (LCR)] x (DV) = Total gallons

(45,289 – 44,891) x 77.3 gal = 30,765 gal

Total gallons ÷ (# of days) = GPD

30,765 gal ÷ 100 days = 308 GPD

Measuring Flow: ETM Using Elapsed Time Meter (ETM)

What do I need?

Days between readings (only when in operation)

Change in value = Total number of units Minutes

Hours

Pump capacity (gpm)- will not be the net volume

Total flow= NC x gpm

Total flow – (total d-back) ÷ Days = Average daily flow

Total Gallons

Elapsed Time Meter (ETM)

[(PTR) – (LTR)] x (GPM)= Total gallons

(15,703 min – 14, 509) X 29.2 gpm= 34,865 gal

(15,703 – 14, 509)÷ 3 min/cycle= 398 cycles

398 cycles X 10.2 gal/cy= 4,060 gal

Gallons Per Day (GPD)

Total gallons ÷ (# of days this period)= gpd

Comparison

CC: 30,765 gal ÷ 100 days= 307 gpd

ETM: 34,865 gal ÷ 100 days= 349 gpd

Drainback 398 cycles X 10.2 gal= 4,060 gal

34,865 gal – 4,060 gal = 30,805 gal≈ 308 gpd

Design flow= 600 gpd

(308 gpd ÷ 600 gpd) x100 = 51%

Controls

Type

Piggy Back

NO MANAGEMENT

Panel

CC ~ Pump

CC ~ Alarm

ETM

Water Meter Present

If a meter is present:

Present reading

Last reading

Present – Last = Gallons used

257,456 gal – 222,656 gal = 34,800 gal

Gallons used ÷ No. of days

34,800 gal ÷ 100 days = 348 gpd

Some Outside Use

What is a Timer System?

Flow controlled by time

Timers

ON: OFF

Programmable Logic

Controller

PLC

Computer

Why Bother w/Timer?

Uniform distribution is the goal

Area

Time

Loading- Spreading out use in the system

Allows for oxygen recovery

Flow equalization

Uses the whole day

OR even the whole week

Time-Dosed Systems

Timer allows a ‘soft’

failure

1. Controls

Manufacturer: Model

a. Is it watertight

b. Alarm test switch working properly

Alarm

“Verify timer”

Check the timer

With a watch

Functions OFF

Turns timer off

ON Timer operates the

pump

Alarm Turns on the alarm

Peak enabler Changes the dosing

frequency (PLC)

Timed Dose Panel

www.sjerhombus.com

Control Fuse

Pump Timer

HOA Switch

Alarm Fuse

Wiring Diagram

Spare Fuse

Magnetic MotorContactor

Circuit Breaker

Timer setting Calibrated GPM

Dose volume ÷ GPM =

Time ON

Time ÷ # Doses – ON=

Time OFF

Cycle time=

ON + OFF

Timer Setting (Pump ON)

ON Setting

Pump ‘ON’ time (min) =

Desired dose (gal) ÷ Pump flow rate (gal/min)

87.5 gallons per dose

87.5 gal/dose ÷ 29 gpm = 3 minutes

3 min x 60 sec/min = 180 seconds

PUMP DISCHARGE=

29 GPM~ CALIBRATED

Timer Setting (Cycle) OFF Setting

Design Flow ÷ Gal per dose = # of Doses

600 gpd ÷ 87.5 gal = 6.8 doses per day

600 gpd ÷ 77.3 gal = 7.8 doses per day

1440 minutes ÷ # of doses- On time = Off time

1440 min ÷ 6.8 doses – 3 min. = 212 min

212 min ÷ 60 min/hr = 3.53 hour

Cycle time

ON time + Off Time

3 min + 212 min = 215 min

Controls SettingsIf timer was changed from above, new setting is:

“On”_________ Mode setting____

“Off”_________ Mode setting____

3 MIN

212 MIN

Checking Operation Using Cycle Counters (CC)

What do I need to have?

Days between readings

(only when in operation)

Designed number of cycles (Dose frequency)

Designed maximum cycles

Max cycles = Days X Dose frequency

Compare to actual

Change in value = Total Number of Cycles (NC)

Calculated Number of Doses (Cycles) Per

Day

CC:

Total cycles

Days x cycles

Max = 100 x 6.8 = 680 cycles

Actual: 17,111 – 16,716 = 395 cycles

Flow = Cycles x DV

395 cy x 87.5 = 34,562.5 gals

Elapsed Time Meter (ETM)

Reading

Current: 15,703 minutes

Last: 14,523 minutes

15,703 min. – 14,509 min. =

1,194 minutes

1,194 min ÷ 3 min/cyc = 398 cyc

Units

Minutes

Hours

Current Reading

15,703

Last Reading

14,509

Elapsed Time Meter (ETM) Reading

Current: 15,703 minutes

Last: 14,523 minutes

15,703 min. – 14,509 min. = 1,194 minutes

1,194 min x 29 gpm = 34,220 gal

With Check Valve

34,626 gal ÷ 100 days = 346 gpd

Without Check valve

DB = 10 gal [from system]

{34,626 – (395 x10)} ÷ 100 days =

{34,626 – 3,950} ÷ 100 days =

30,676 ÷ 100 days = 306.7 gpd ~ 307 gpd

Current Reading

15,703

Last Reading

14,509

DB= Drainback

What’s in Your pump tank?

Any

Questions?