Publication of Proceedings:Journal Format

Review Talks 8ppInvited Talks 5pp

Contributed Talks 3ppPoster Talks 1p

Instructions and Latex Templates will be available from Conference website

Due Date: 30 Nov, 2005

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

First - A Reminder

15 Review, 35 Invited, 5 Contributed, 12 Poster Talks

2 Days - Nearby universe2 Days - Distant Universe

The first Workshop to focus of “Extreme” Starbursts

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, China 14-21 August, 2005

Workshop Summary: Questions & Discussion

• NGC 7714: “star-burst nucleus”

• Weedman et al. 1981, ApJ, 248, 105

– compact burst: ~10 Mo/yr, R<<1 kpc

• IRAS, HST…

• infrared-luminous, ultraluminous galaxies

• SFRs ~ 10-1000 Mo/yr, R = 0.1-1 kpc

• uniquely identified with gas-rich galaxy mergers

• ISO

• Infrared spectra show decisively that LIRGs, ULIRGs are powered by combination of starbursts, AGNs

• Spitzer, GALEX, SCUBA

• Full spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of starbursts

• cosmic evolution of starbursts

• “unification” of IR-selected vs UV-selected primeval galaxies

Rob Kennicutt - opening review

…, but what is “extreme” …

Original definition focused on “high” and “compact”

but why not “low”, “extended”, etc.

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, China 14-21 August, 2005

The Starburst Bestiary….

GEHRs

SSCs

HII galaxies

ELGs

CNELGs

W-R galaxies

BCGs

BCDs

LIGs, LIRGs

ULIGs, ULIRGs

LUVGs, UVLGs

nuclear starbursts

circumnuclear starbursts

clumpy irregular galaxies

Ly- galaxies

E+A galaxies

K+A galaxies

LBGs

DRGs

EROs

SCUBA galaxies

Rob Kennicutt - opening review

All of these objects were mentioned at some point during this meeting.

SCUBA

sources

LBGs

BCDs

Rob Kennicutt - opening reviewConcentration vs. Total SFR for a variety of galaxy types.

Questions for Discussion: 1. The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES)2. Which are the most robust measures of ES3. Have >50% of stars formed in ES4. How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth5. Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ?

6. Agree on next meeting ….

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

Questions for Discussion:

1. The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES)

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

The meeting organizers originally assumed we were talking about objects with …

1. Lir > 1011 Lsun in d < 100pc

and/or

2. global SFR > 200 Msun/yr

Should we relax the above a bit to include, for example, any region within a galaxy where the star-formation Surface density sfr > 10 Msun/yr/kpc2 ??

Gao et al.Mirabel et al.Hibbard et al.Ponman et al.

Log (LIR/Lsun) = 11.01Int. Class = 3

The Antennae galaxy pair was discussed often at this meeting, It has a prominent off-nuclear region of bright IR emission powered by a large population of deeply embedded young star clusters.

But is this off-nuclear IR region really powerful enough, by our definition, to be an ES region ?

UGC 83038 = Mrk 231Log (LIR/Lsun) = 12..53Int. Class = 4

Sanders et al.Hutchings & Neff

Scoville et al.Surace et al

Mrk231 clearly meets the definition of an ES, as do all ULIGs. However, the nuclear power source in this object is clearly a mixture of ES AND a powerful AGN.

Nuclear Molecular Gas Concentrations @ r < 700 pc General Results for ULIGs

• Mnuc/Mtot = 40 – 100 %

• Mnuc = 1 – 3 x 1010 Msun

(H2) ~ 0.65 – 2 x 1010 Msun

n (H2) spherical ~ 130 – 400 cm-3

• => ffnuc ~ 1 (for a population of W3-like GMCs)

N (H2) spherical ~ 10 23.2 – 23.7 cm-2 OVRO InterferometerBryant, Scoville et al. 1993-9

The large column densities of gas and dust in the circumnuclear regions of ALL ULIGs implies that any source of luminosity, whether it be an ES or a powerful AGN, will very likely be heavily obscured; We will need to develop better diagnostic measures to separate the two.

Questions for Discussion: 2. Which are the most robust measures of ES

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

Some of the measures used/discussed at this meeting:

1. SED Templates ?2. Optical / IR Spectra ?3. FIR + molecular gas luminosities and/or ratios?

Radio-to-UV SEDs of IRAS Selected Galaxies

“Infrared Galaxies” (f)IR / (f)opt > 1

638 Galaxies: f((60m) > 5 Jy118 ULIGs: f((60m) > 1 Jy

Summary

Optical Spectral Classification of LIGs+ULIGs

Veilleux, Kim & Sanders (1998) KPNO 4m + UH 2.2m

LIR/LHCN

LIR/LCO

LHCN

LCO

Questions for Discussion: 3. Have >50% of stars formed in ES

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

Based upon the extremely strong evolution already seen in the most luminous 170m sources detected in ISOPHOT deep fields, AND in the most luminous 24m sources detected in the CDFS …. The answer seems to be … YES …

Galaxy Luminosity Functions

Z=0.40

Z=0.80

Z=0.13

Z=0.045

Z ~2.4

slope= -1

High-luminosity 170m sources detected in ISOPHOT deep fields suggest that the high-luminosity tail of the galaxy luminosity function evolves strongly with redshift -- by ~x1000 at log(L ir/Lsun)~12.5.

Assuming little or no evolution in the low-luminosity LF, galaxies with log(L ir/Lsun) > 11.0 may produce the bulk of the luminosity in the Universe at z =1.5-3 !!

The “Star Formation Rate” versus Redshift

Questions for Discussion: 4. How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

•Many AGN show signs of strong nuclear starbursts

•Many starbursts show signs of strong AGN

•Both seem to be most strongly coupled/manifested in ULIGs

NIR-AO Imaging of a Complete Sample of 38 PGQSOs Olivier Guyon, PhD Thesis, 2002

Raw (H-band) -psf - <radial profile>

Gemini-N 8m

The SEDs of Optical QSO exhibit a moderately strong “IR-bump”In addition to the well-known optical/UV “big blue bump”. The IRBump plausibly represents reprocessed QSO emission via dust reradiation In a circumnuclear dust torus and/or disk + absorption and reradiation of Emission from young stars formed in the disk. AO images of QSOs now clearly show that many (perhaps the majority !) of QSOs contain prominent disk components, and mm-observations indicate the presence of large quantities of gas and dust.

Warped Disk Model Sanders, Phinney et al. (1989)

“SFR + MBH” versus Redshift

Questions for Discussion: 5. Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ?

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

NGC 45948 m

Rob Kennicutt - Spitzer/SINGS

Spitzer revels gas/dust structure not seen in the optical -- but will the resolution be sufficient to proble the compact ES regions in, e.g., ULIGs ??

Rob Kennicutt - Spitzer/SINGS

Spitzer/IRS is producing high S/N spectra in the mid-IR, but will the lack of far-IR coverage compromise our ability to fully probe the energetics of ES ??

Questions for Discussion:

6. Agree on next meeting location ….

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005

“Level 1” Requirement: Must have Yaks

RECAP: Questions for Discussion: 1. The Definition of Extreme Starbursts (ES)2. Which are the most robust measures of ES3. Have >50% of stars formed in ES4. How closely coupled are ES and MBH growth5. Will Spitzer answer the above ? - what new observations/missions will be required ?

6. Agree on next meeting ….

Extreme Starbursts: Near and Far Lijiang, 14-21 August, 2005