Public research and innovation in Germany
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Public Research and Industrial Innovation in Germany Efforts by: Jawad, Kamran and Sidra Published in 1998 by Marian Beise and Herald St
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Transcript of Public research and innovation in Germany
Public Research and Industrial Innovation in
Germany
Efforts by: Jawad, Kamran and Sidra
Published in 1998 by Marian Beise and Herald Stahl
April 12, 2023Page 2
Flow of the Presentation
1. Introduction
Back Ground
Issues
Research Objectives
2. Research Design
Methodology
Sample
Geographical Coverage
3. Findings
4. Conclusion
April 12, 2023Mobilink Proposals Page 3
Introduction
Objectives, Background & Issues
April 12, 2023Page 4
Back Ground
Incentives for Private Investment in R & D is low
• Knowledge Spill Over• Affordability• Indivisibility and high Uncertainty
Failure in Financial and Technological market, indivisibility and economies of scale in R & D add up to a private under investment in R & D.
Government should finance research at public research institutions so that private businesses can use them for industrial innovations.
Reasons for ineffective public research propensity • Inefficiencies in the transfer of technology• lack of orientation towards the commercialization of scientific results
Why ?
• Government funds but fails to set an incentive for scientists to support commercialization• Only applied research is fruitful for product and process development
April 12, 2023Page 5
Publicly Funded Research in Germany
3 Mega Sources of Publicly Funded R & D
• Universities• Polytechnics• Non- University Research
Development of Non-academic public research to fill in the gaps in the wide spectrum of technology transfer, support national economy, maintain the competitiveness of private businesses and to close German Technological gap to other nations mainly US.
By mid 60’s policy shifts leads to new developments in Research at Germany focusing mainly on Defense (Nuclear and Aircraft) and computer Industry.
If there is no inherent separation of basic and applied research, it cannot fulfill the economic objectives.
April 12, 2023Page 6
Research Objectives
Identifying type of public research as well as firms most likely to accomplish the public objective.
Assess the Economic justification for publicly funded research that directly supports industrial innovation which otherwise would not be developed by private businesses.
Closeness of firms and research institutions has a positive effect on commercialization of findings of public research.
April 12, 2023Mobilink Proposals Page 7
Research Design
Approach, Sample Distribution and Data Collection Technique
April 12, 2023Page 8
Research Design
Quantitative Approach followed
Questionnaires were posted to the firms with largest Credit Rating
Stratified random sample which includes 2300 firms located in East and West Germany. Major Focus was on West Germany
Selected from Engineering, Manufacturing and Software Industry.
Firms with less than 5 employees were deliberately excluded.
Follow up with Calls and Personal Interviews of Head of R & D departments and Directors.
April 12, 2023Mobilink Proposals Page 9
Findings
April 12, 2023Page 10
Results
Industry Firms with public research based innovation to all products or process innovators
Of which Firms with public research based product innovations to all product innovators
Firms with public research based process innovations to all process innovators
Products only Processes only
Products and Processes
Manufacturing 8.5 5.5 1.5 1.5 7.9 3.4
R & D intensive 15.9 12.0 2.4 1.5 14.0 5.2
Non R & D intensive 6.2 3.5 1.3 1.4 5.7 2.9
Table 1: Share of companies with innovations which could not have been developed without recent public research (%) between 1993 and 1996
R & D intensive industry includes chemicals, machinery, medical, computer, agricultural, pharmaceuticals etc
April 12, 2023Page 11
Results
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Results
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Results
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Results
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Results
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Results
April 12, 2023Page 17
The amount of spillover knowledge received by a firm rises with the firms' R&D activities and the size of the firm.
To test the hypothesis they used a simple model for the probability of industrial innovation with public research support.
IPUBi = Ii g (R&D i, Size i, Closeness is)
Ii = 3m / PLCi
Hypothesis
April 12, 2023Page 18
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Conclusion
Wednesday, April 12, 2023Conflict
Page 19Confidential & Proprietary • Copyright © 2007 The Nielsen Company
