Eco-innovationinGermany

EIOCountryProfile

2014-2015

Eco-InnovationObservatory

The Eco-Innovation Observatory functions as a platform for the structured collection and

analysis of an extensive range of eco-innovation information, gathered from across theEuropean Union and key economic regions around the globe, providing a much-neededintegrated information source on eco-innovation for companies and innovation serviceproviders,aswellasprovidingasoliddecision-makingbasisforpolicydevelopment.

The Observatory approaches eco-innovation as a persuasive phenomenon present in alleconomicsectorsandthereforerelevantforalltypesofinnovation,definingeco-innovationas:

“Eco-innovation isany innovationthatreducestheuseofnaturalresourcesanddecreasesthereleaseofharmfulsubstancesacrossthewholelife-cycle”.

Tofindoutmore,visitwww.eco-innovation.euandec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap

Any views or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do notnecessarilyreflectthepositionoftheEuropeanCommission.

Eco-InnovationObservatoryCountryProfile2014-2015:Germany

Authors:BettinaBahn-Walkowiak,HenningWilts

Coordinatoroftheworkpackage:TechnopolisGroupBelgium

AnotetoReaders

Any views or opinions expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do notnecessarilyreflectthepositionoftheEuropeanUnion.Anumberofcompaniesarepresentedasillustrativeexamplesofeco-innovationinthisreport.TheEIOdoesnotendorsethesecompaniesandisnotanexhaustivesourceofinformationoninnovationatthecompanylevel.

This brief is available for downloaded fromhttps://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap/germany

Tableofcontents

Summary...........................................................................................................................1

Introduction.......................................................................................................................2

1 |Eco-innovationperformance......................................................................................3

2 |Selectedcirculareconomyandeco-innovationareasandnewtrends........................5

3 |Barriersanddriverstocirculareconomyandeco-innovationinGermany..................9

4 |Policylandscape:towardscirculareconomyinGermany..........................................11

ANNEX:Policymeasuresaddressingcirculareconomyandeco-innovationsinGermany..18

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Summary

Germany isanexport-orientednationwithastrongmanufacturing industryandwellestablishedeco-innovationareasandmarkets.Concerning theeco-innovation scoreboardGermany showsainterestingpictureofwellperforming(e.g.,eco-innovation input)andbelowaverageperformingindicators (e.g., the socio-economic outcomes) that prove relatively stable over the differentreportingperiods.Incomparisontothe2013ScoreboardGermany’sperformancehasdroppedbyoneplaceandnowranksfourthin2014-2015.Thisismainlyattributedtoadownshiftinthesocio-economic and resource efficiency outcomes. Germany performs particularly well in thesubcategorieseco-innovationpatentswhereitissharingthefirstplacewithFinlandandexportsofproductsfromeco-industrieswhereitissharingrank1withLuxembourg.

Withrespecttoacirculareconomy,Germanyischaracterisedbyverygoodwasteinfrastructuresandrecyclingrates.Thepresentfocusontechnicalwastemanagementandend-of-lifemeasuresissimultaneously signalling further demand for innovative waste instruments at the interface ofmaterial cycles and new business models. A first step was taken by introducing the WastePrevention Programme in 2013. A strengthening of the regulatory framework and a betteralignment of responsibilities, competencies and approaches towards a circular economy seemimportant for the increaseof secondary input rates anda closingof the loops. Thedemand forhigh-techandwastetechnologiesandknow-howishoweverexpectedtoremainhighintheworldand–as one of the pioneers andmarket leaders forwaste technologies–Germany has a strongstandinginexportinginnovativetechnologies.

AsaverydenselypopulatedcountryGermanyisaffectedbyhightrafficandtransport,resource-intensive infrastructures and dwelling stocks, strong land use and high CO2 emissions. A strongeconomicmarketpositionandgoodaccesstoinvestmentcapital,R&Dinfrastructuresandhumanresourcescontributetotheevolvementofhigh-techinnovation.TheGermangreentechsectorisexpected to furtherdevelopdynamically. Theearly implementationof theRenewables EnergiesAct (in 1991) and the introduction of theGermanResource Efficiency Programme (ProgRess) in2012serveasimportantmilestonesanddriversforenergyandresourceefficiency,eco-innovationandtheenergytransitioninGermany.

The framework conditions for innovation are generallywell developed and include both supplyanddemand-sideinstrumentswhilethereisapronouncedrelianceonvoluntaryandinformationalapproaches at the consumption side.AllmajorGermanR&I policy strategies (e.g., the renewedHigh Tech Strategy) usually contain elements to increase the availability of excellent knowledgeand technologies. An eco-innovation action plan is under development. Nevertheless, Germanywillprobablynotmeet itssustainabledevelopmentstrategytargetsforrawmaterialandenergyproductivity,energyconsumption,biodiversity,landuse,mobilityandfarming.

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Introduction

Germany is a highly export-oriented nation with a strong manufacturing industry (automotiveindustry,mechanical industry,etc.). It is relativelyresource-poor (except for lignite,constructionmaterialsandsomeindustrialminerals)andhastoimportmorethan60%ofrawmaterials(suchasoil,metals,etc.).ThestructureofGermany’seconomyhasbeenshiftingoverthelast20years:servicesectorshaveenjoyedgrowthandtheproduction,mining,andconstructionindustrieshavedecreasedinimportance.Thisstructuralshifthascontributedtoarelativedecouplingofeconomicgrowth and resource use. The rate of decoupling, however, has not been high enough to keepGermanyontracktomeetingitstargetofdoublingresourceproductivityby2020,asstatedintheGermanSustainabilityStrategyof2002(Destatis2014;UBA2015b).

Today,wellestablishedeco-innovationareasandmarketsarethesectorswastemanagementandrecycling, material efficiency, sustainable water management, sustainable mobility,environmentallyfriendlypowergeneration,storageanddistribution,andenergyefficiencywhichshowhighglobalmarketsharesbetween12-17%each(BMUB2014).Aparticularlyimportantfieldhas been the renewable energy sector and theGerman focus on the so-called “Energiewende”(energytransition)inrecenttimes.Drivenbythegoalthat80%oftheelectricityproducedintheGermanmarketwillbegeneratedfromrenewableenergyby2050,renewableenergytechnologieshaveboostedGermany’seconomy(despitestrongcompetitionwithcountrieslikeChina,US,etc.).Atotalofapproximately2millionpeopleinGermanyarecurrentlyemployedintheenvironmentalsector,includingconsultancyandotherservices(Edleretal.2014),1.4millionofwhichareintheleadmarkets for environmentally friendlyenergy sources andenergy storage, energyefficiency,resource and material efficiency, sustainable mobility, circular economy and sustainable watermanagement (BMBF 2015). Waste management is a major economic subsector in Germany,employingnearly200,000peopleinabout3,000companieswithannualsalesofabout40billioneuros(UBA2014).

Futurechallengesdonotonly lie in increasing resourceandenergyefficiency inproductionandconsumption, but also in finding appropriate ways to enhance circularity for closed-cyclemanagementof supply chains.While the recycling rates inGermanyare comparablyhigh (interalia, due to high rates for C&D waste) and have already reached the 2020 goal of the 65%Municipal SolidWaste (MSW) recycling rate target of the EuropeanUnion, only 8% of the rawmaterialsrequirementoftheGermanindustrycouldbeactuallymetbysecondaryrawmaterialsin2011(BMUB2016).

However, althoughGermany has a strong environmental policy framework, itwill prospectivelynot meet the targets for raw material productivity, energy productivity, energy consumption,biodiversity, land use, mobility and farming if current trends continue (Destatis 2014). Thisindicates strong need for further eco-innovation and new technological solutions, but alsosystemic changes aswell as alternative life-style choices and social innovationbecausemanyofthese targets are strongly interrelated. It isworth tonote thatGermanyhasnot establishedanEco-InnovationActionPlanasyet;itisunderdevelopment.

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1 |Eco-innovationperformance

Theanalysis inthissection isbasedontheEU-28Eco-innovationscoreboard(Eco-IS) fortheyear2015.Via itscompositeEco-innovationindex,producedbytheEco-InnovationObservatory(EIO),Eco-ISdemonstratestheeco-innovationperformanceofacountrycomparedwiththeEUaverageandwiththeEUtopperformers.Eco-ISisbasedon16indicators,aggregatedintofivecomponents:eco-innovationinputs,activitiesandoutputs,environmentalandsocio-economicoutcomes.

Germanyhasthefourthhighesteco-innovationperformanceintheEUaccordingtothe2014-15Eco-Innovation Scoreboard (Figure 1). In comparison to the 2013 Scoreboard Germany’sperformancehasdroppedbyoneplace(in2013Germanywasrankedthird).

Figure1EU27Eco-innovationscoreboard2015,compositeindex

Source:EIO,2016

Thespiderdiagram(figure2)showsamoredetailedpictureand illustratesthatGermanyscoresaboveEU-28averageinfourofthefivecomponentsoftheEco-innovationcompositeindex(eco-innovation activities, eco-innovation inputs, eco-innovation outputs and resource efficiencyoutcomes)andbelowEU-28averageinonecomponent(socio-economicoutcomes).

Germany is particularly strong in the component eco-innovation activities (ranked 3rd behindCzechRepublicandPortugal)whereitis(togetherwithPortugal)thetopperformerforindicatorson company participation in eco-innovation for both material and energy efficiency activities(index 223 / 221) but it is well below average for the indicator of ISO 14001 registeredorganisations(43).InGermany,theEMASregistrationispreferredandleadstosuchalowlevelofISOcertificatesassessed.

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Intermsofeco-innovationinputs,Germanyranksfourth(followingDenmark,Ireland,Finland)fortheindicatorongovernmentinvestmentsinenvironmentalandenergyR&D(index170),totalR&Dpersonnel(120)andgreenearlystageinvestments(170).

As regards eco-innovation outputs, Germany performs particularly well with regard to eco-innovation patents (index 230) (sharing the first place with Finland) but substandard when itcomestoeco-innovationrelatedpublications(88)andmediocreintermsofeco-innovationrelatedmedia coverage (101). This is similar to the results of the former reporting periods and stillindicatesmuch room for improvement to better feed in the eco-innovation topic in public andscientificdiscourseinGermany.

Concerning the resource efficiency outcomes, Germany is close to the EU average formaterial(105), energy productivity (104) and GHG emissions intensity (95), slightly better in waterproductivity (123). There is significant room for improvement to catchupwith leadingMemberStates (e.g., Luxembourg,UnitedKingdomandNetherlands). Theupdatedpolicyprogrammeonresourceefficiency(ProgRessII)couldinducefurtheractivitiestothisend.

Asregardssocio-economicoutcomes,Germanysharesanexcellentfirstplace(withLuxembourg)forthe indicatoronexportsratesoftheeco-industryaspercentageoftotalexports (index147),but is interestingly well below the EU average for employment in eco-industries (50) and theturnoverineco-industries(64),comparedtoothercountriesintheEU.1

All in all, Germany shows a partly uneven picture of well performing and average performingindicatorsthatotherwiseprovedquitestableoverthedifferentreportingperiods.

Figure2Componentsoftheeco-innovationcompositeindexforGermany2015

Source:EIO,2016

1This isat leastpartlya resultofswitchingtheunderlyingdatabasetocalculate these2 indicators.Comparabilitywith the2013 fortheseindicatorsislimited.

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2 |Selectedcirculareconomyandeco-innovationareasandnewtrends

Withapopulationofmorethan82million inhabitants,half living inurbanareas(Destatis2014),Germanybelongs tooneof themostdenselypopulatedcountries in theworld (230 inhabitantsper sq km)which is related to high traffic and transport volumes, land use and CO2 emissions,resource-intensive net-bound infrastructures and dwelling stocks. The total estimated stock inGermany amounts to 28 billion tonnes in 2010 (UBA 2015c), thus covering high stocks ofsecondaryresources.

TheGermangreentechsectorisexpectedtocontinuedevelopingdynamicallyinthecomingyearsand themarket for environmental technology and resource efficiency is estimated to beworthEUR 344 billion, ofwhichmaterial efficiency covers EUR 48 billion andwastemanagement andrecyclingencompassesEUR17billion.

Figure2.1 Leadmarkets forenvironmental technologyand resourceefficiency inGermany2013(billionEuro)

Source:BMUB2014,p.92

As regards the waste management side of a circular economy, Germany has been one of thepioneers in the last decades: Technical regulations for landfilling, pollutant emissions in wasteincineration or the producer responsibility in the area of packaging wastes have led to acomparably high technical level of waste management infrastructures. High recycling rates foralmostallrelevantwastestreamsareassociatedwiththoseinfrastructures.Municipalwasteand

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The global and national market for environmental technology and resource efficiency

The green tech sector will continue to develop dynamically in the coming years in both Germany and on international markets. The current market for environmental technology and resource efficiency in Germany is worth EUR 344 billion (see Figure 34). With a market

volume of EUR 100 billion, energy efficiency is the biggest lead market in the sector in Germany, as it is worldwide. In Germany, it represents a 29 percent share of the total market volume for the green tech sector.

Figure 34: Volumes in the lead markets for environmental technology and resource efficiency in Germany in 2013 (EUR billion)

Source: Roland Berger

The domestic market for environmental technology and resource efficiency in Germany will continue to chart its growth trajectory. In the period from 2013 through 2025, we forecast an average annual growth rate of 6.6 percent. Accordingly, the market volume will increase from EUR 344 billion in 2013 to EUR 740 billion in 2025 (see Figure 35).

As shown in Figure 36, growth rates vary between the different lead markets. Sustainable mobility has the highest average annual growth rate, at 8.7 percent. The lowest average annual growth rate, 4.9 percent, is the one for energy efficiency. Overall, comparing the growth rates for the different lead markets in Germany results in the same ranking as for lead markets worldwide.80

These differences in growth rates will lead to a shift in the relative shares of lead markets in the overall market for environmental technology and resource efficiency in Germany.

80 See Figure 13.

According to our forecasts, energy efficiency will remain the biggest green tech lead market in Germany in 2025 in terms of market volume. However, its share of the total market for environmental technology and resource efficiency will fall from 29 to 24 percentage points due to differences in the growth rates of individual lead markets. Figure 37 shows how the shares of each lead market in the green tech sector as a whole will change between 2013 and 2025. The average annual growth rate of 8.7 percent seen in the lead market for sustainable mobility means that its share of the overall green tech market will increase by four percentage

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C&Dwaste,forexample,arebeingrecycledatarateof87%and89%.TheoverallrecyclingrateinGermanywas79%in2013(UBA2015b).

Theenvironmental impactsassociatedwiththedevelopmentandtreatmentofwastehavebeensignificantly reduced by the consistent application of innovative technologies in the last years."Disposal"–as a core goal ofwastemanagement–is thus largely guaranteedandwastes streamsarecapturedinawaythattheycouldbefedbacktothematerialcycles.Wasteisthereforeoftenregarded as a "technically solved" issue by many stakeholders which can be, in contrast, anobstaclewhenonewantstostriveforbetterperformanceinclosingtheloops.

There is a high demand for German high technology and know-how worldwide. Germancompanies have, for example, a globalmarket share of 64% in technologies for the automatedseparation of materials, such as the optical and sensor based identification and separation ofvariousplasticfractionsinwaste.By2020,anannualgrowthof15%forwastesortingtechnologiesisexpectedandthewastemarketisexpectedtogrowatleast3%annually.2

Adifferentpictureemergesifonelooksattheactualrecyclingofwasteintermsofclosed-loops:TheGermanAssociationforWasteManagementexaminesthatonly38%areactuallyfedbackintheproductionprocessassecondarymaterialsin2013,i.e.,two-thirdsofallwasteisnotusedasaresource (DGAW 2016). This indicates substantial potential for development. In particular, therecoveryratesaredisappointinglyloworevenzeroforthosesmallquantitiesofrawmaterialsandsubstances which frequently make up a large part of the total raw material requirements ofelectronicproductsbecauseoftotheirresource-intensiveextractionprocesses.

mtm plastics – plastics recycling – Environmentally friendly granules for demanding plasticproducts

Theregrindmaterialsuppliedbymtmcontributestoasustainabledevelopment:Comparedwithprimarymaterial, theappliers conserve resources andavoidCO2emissions. Theplasticwaste isgenerallydeliveredinbaleform,afterwhichitiscutinlargeshredders.Drymechanicalprocessesare used to remove any impurities contained in the baled material (metal, wood, glass, sand,stones,paperetc.).Afterpre-sortingandafurthershreddingstep,theplasticsarethensortedbytype and washed. Focus is on two polyolefins, polyethylene and polypropylene, which areseparated fromeachotherandsortedaccording tocolour. In thecombinedwashing/separatingstage,allundesirableplasticsisseparatedoff,suchasPET,polystyreneandPVC,togetherwithanyothermaterialsstickingtothem.Thewashed,groundmaterialisthendriedandfinallyprocessedintoregranulate.Thematerialiscompressed,melted,mixedwiththerequiredadditives,kneaded(plasticised), finely filtered (180 µm), degassed under vacuum, fully mixed (homogenised) andfinally,inwater,convertedintothecharacteristicpelletshape.Thiscompound/regranulateisthendriedandhomogenisedonceagaininmixingsilosbeforebeingpacked.

mtmcancurrentlyprocessupto75,000tonsofinputproductayear.

Keywords:recycling,upcycling,closingloops

Source:http://mtm-plastics.eu/en/plastics-recycling/

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJ0M3Mfmu7nfjknyHSxijnQ

2 https://www.gtai.de/GTAI/Content/EN/Invest/_SharedDocs/Downloads/GTAI/Fact-sheets/Energy-environmental/fact-sheet-closed-loop-recycling-en.pdf?v=2

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Lessphosphorus,lessfertilizer-WilhelmsBestGmbH,Berlin

TheWilhelmsBestGmbHproducesendomycorrhizalFungi“invitro” inGermanyanddevelopssolutions for their use in conventional agriculture. All products can also be used in organicfarming.Theproductionmethodhasbeendevelopedthroughmorethan15yearsofresearch..

The functionality of mycorrhiza is basedupon the exchange of carbohydrates foranorganic nutrients between fungi andplant. Wilhelm Best GmbH concentratesontheproductionofAM-fungi.Incontrastto the often used ecto-fungi, these fungican also be applied to agriculturally usedplants such as maize, soya or potatoes.However, up until now large-scaleapplication has not been realised due totheuneconomicproductionprocess.

Phosphorus,anessentialplantnutrient, isa finite resource that will be completelyused up according until the end of thecentury. Researchers have been lookingfor years for recycling methods.Conventionally fertilized, 85%of the usedphosphorus gets lost in the soil and thegroundwaterandonly15%canbeusedatthe plant. The use of mycorrhizal fungicouldturntherelationshipsothatget90%reach the plant

(http://green.wiwo.de/mykorrhiza-wie-ein-einfacher-pilz-duenger-fast-ueberfluessig-machen-koennte/).

Keywords:

- resourceefficiency,reductionofphosphoroususe

- supportedbyFederalMinistryofEducationandResearch

- Deutscher Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt 2015 (IKU) – German InnovationAwardforClimateandEnvironment2015

- http://www.wilhelmsbest.de/?lang=en

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Sunliquid® – Clariant products (Germany)GmbH–Advancedbiofuels

Inthecategory"Processinnovationsforclimateprotection" the Clariant products (Germany)GmbH (Munich) has developed the sunliquid®process for a climate-friendly and sustainableproduction of cellulosic ethanol fromagriculturalresidues.

Companies have shown a growing interest inthe production of ethanol from renewablelignocellulosic resources, such as agriculturalresidues.Theseresourcesdonotcompetewithfood and feed crops, but are created insufficientquantitiesworldwideasaby-productof current agricultural practices, as in the caseofstrawfromcerealproduction.

The sunliquid®process developedbyClariantmeets all the requirements of a technically andeconomically efficient, innovative process for converting agricultural residues into climate-friendlybiofuel.Usingprocess-integratedenzymeproduction,optimizedenzymes,simultaneousconversionofcelluloseandhemicelluloseintoethanolandanenergy-efficientprocessdesign,ithasbeenpossibletoovercometechnologicalchallengesandsufficientlyreduceproductioncostsinordertoarriveatacommerciallyviablebasis.

Since2009,Clarianthasbeensuccessfullyoperatinga firstpilotplantat its research facility inMunich.Thispilotplantiscapableofproducinguptotwotonsofethanolperyear.InJuly2012,Germany´s largestplant todatestarted intooperation inStraubing–ademonstrationprojectwithanannualcapacityofupto1,000tonsofethanol.

Keywords:

- resourceefficiency,energyefficiency,recycling,advancedbiofuels,CO2reduction

- Deutscher Innovationspreis für Klima und Umwelt 2015 (IKU) – German InnovationAwardforClimateandEnvironment2015

Source:

- https://www.clariant.com/en/Business-Units/New-Businesses/Biotech-and-Biobased-Chemicals/Sunliquid

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3 |Barriersanddriverstocirculareconomyandeco-innovationinGermany

Germanyhasastrongeconomicmarketpositionandacorrespondinglygoodaccesstocapitalforinvestments,well-establishedR&D infrastructures andqualifiedhuman resources thatdriveecobusinesses and high-tech innovation. Germany’s major economic sectors in terms of theircontribution to GDP belong to the manufacturing industry (ca. 27%), namely the automotiveindustry,mechanicalengineering,thechemicalindustry,energytechnology,electricalengineeringindustry,electronicsindustry,metalproductionandprocessing,foodandbeverages,shipbuilding,andtextiles(Destatis2014).Themanufacturingsectorisrelativelyvulnerabletopotentialsupplyshortages because it is highly dependent on raw material imports from the world market,particularlyofmetals,thusservingasadriverforeco-innovation,resourceefficiencyandcirculareconomy.

The implementation of the Renewables Energies Act in 1991 and its frequent iterations (2000,2004,20092012,2014),theestablishmentoftheGermanMaterialEfficiencyAgency(demea) in2006,3theintroductionofthenew“GermanResourceEfficiencyProgramme(ProgRess)” in2012and its recentupdate in2016 (BMUB2016)haveall servedasmilestonesanddriving forces forresourceefficiencyandeco-innovationtobecome increasingly important inmanyR&DandSMEsupportprogrammes.Also,Germanyhasbeenoneofthepioneersandmarketleadersforwastemanagementandwaste technologies fordecades,while theclosingof the loops is relatively farfrom being a reality yet. The Federal Environment Agency lately defined resource conservationandcirculareconomyastwocloseallies(UBA2016).

A study on “Drivers and barriers for the transformation of the Germany economy into a greeneconomy” reveals that–despite clear inroads towards a green transformation that have beenmade in someareas (e.g., the “energy transition”)–thedevelopmentof framework conditions isjuststartinginotherareas,particularly inthefieldofclosingtheloops(e.g.,phosphorouscycle).(seeTable1)

AlthoughGermanwasteinfrastructuresandrecyclingratesareoutstanding(UBA2015a),themainapproach to circular economy is overwhelmingly focused on the technical wastemanagement.Thereisacontinuingstrongconcentrationonend-of-lifemeasures,e.g.,theoptimisedcollectionofrecyclablesfromthewasteortherecoveryofmetalsfromashesofwaste incinerationplants.Newmodes of cooperation and coordination are required but presently not very pronounced:Commodity producers, product designers, trade, consumers andwaste actorswill have toworkalong theentire value added chain inorder tooptimise solutions insteadof focusingon "their"individual elements of the chain. Industrial symbiosis, for example, is not well developed inGermany.

3Since2009undertheauspicesofVDIZentrumRessourceneffizienz.

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Table1:Driversandbarriersforkeyeco-innovationstoacirculareconomyinGermany4

Keyinnovationsforagreeneconomy

Innovationstage Drivers Barriers

CircularmaterialflowsofPandN(e.g.fromwastewater)

Researchanddevelopment,pilotphase

Naturalcapital(growingscarcityofPandsoilfertility)leadingtopoliticalpull(pilotprojects)

Regulatoryframework-nolegislativeactivity

Greenlogisticsystems Applicationandtesting Social(customerdemandforgreening)andeconomic(energyprices)

Regulatory-missingincentivesandunclearaccountingforthecarbonfootprint

Long-termheatstorage DevelopmentofPrototypesandpilots

Human(pioneerswithlong-termvisions)

Economic-highinvestmentcostswithpayback30-50years;banksdonotacceptassecurity

Virtualpowerstations(decentralizedgeneration)

Marketentry Economic(marketdemandfornetworkstability)andpolitical(researchsupport)

Regulatory-structureoftheelectricitymarketwithpaymentfor“energyonly”,notservices

Sustainableandresponsibleinvestment

Applicationanddiffusion Social(increaseddemandfortransparency)

Regulatory-lackofstandardsandcriteria

Source:basedonAdelphiandBorderstepInstitut2013,adaptedfromEIOcountryreport2013

Newpolicyinstrumentsthatgofarbeyondtheexistinglegalwasteinstrumentsarerequired.Suchinstruments,inparticular,areattheinterfacesofmaterialcycles,suchasaproductdesignwhichenablesre-cycling,orthesupportofbusinessmodelsthatcontributetowasteprevention.

The regulatory framework needs strengtheningas the circulareconomypolicy isnot consistentdue to toomany coexisting schemes that are designed according to the classical linear system,e.g.,concerningthetransportofC&Dwastetobereusedasresources.

Unclearandoverlappingresponsibilitiesamongvariousfederallevelsandministriesareanotherbarrier in this context. This also includes the question of the relation and responsibilities ofmunicipalities and private waste companies that are not organised from a long-term circulareconomyperspectivebutratherastoshort-termmarketsharesandcompetition(Wilts2016).

4Thestudyanalysedthebarriersanddriversfor10keyinnovations,showingthatdifferentdriversandbarriersarerelevantforeco-innovationsindifferentstagesofdevelopmentandformeetingdifferenttypesofneeds.Table1highlightsdriversandbarriersfor5oftheseeco-innovations(O’Brien2013).

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4 |Policylandscape:towardscirculareconomyinGermany

The framework conditions for innovation are generallywell developed in Germany and includebothsupplyanddemand-sideinstrumentsforstimulatinginnovation.AllmajorGermanR&Ipolicystrategies(e.g.,therenewedHighTechStrategy),containelementstoincreasetheavailabilityofexcellentknowledgeandtechnologies(supply-side)(Sofka,2015),notthatmanytostrengthenthedemandforinnovativeproducts,processesandservices(demand-side).Alotofamendmentsandupdateshavebeenundertaken for several importantand strategicprogrammesand laws in thelastyears.ThefollowingwillpresentcentralmeasuresofthepolicylandscapeinGermany.

WasteManagementAct,2012

Germany’sWasteManagementAct (KrWG)entered into forceon1 June2012and replaced theClosedSubstanceCycleandWasteManagementAct(KrW-/AbfG)of1994,therebytransposingthecorrespondingEUwasteframeworkdirectiveintoGermanlaw.ItisthecentralactoftheGermanwastelegislation.Oneofitscoreprovisionsisthefive-stepwastehierarchy(formerlythreesteps)according towhichwastemanagement is ranked as follows: waste prevention, preparation forrecycling, recycling,other typesof recovery (particularly forenergy recovery) anddisposal (UBA2016).Theaimoftheactistoachieveawastemanagementthatprotectshumanhealthandtheenvironmentatthebestpossiblerate.

Since1January2015,wastesortinghasbeenmandatoryfororganicwaste,aswellasforpaper,metal, plastic and glass for some time. In order to promote the recycling, recovery rates arestipulatedandwillbecomemandatoryin2020.Furthermore,alandfillbanforuntreatedMSWhasbeeninforcesince2005.Thelandfillbanispartlycontroversialbecauseofcounter-effects,suchasincreasedwasteincinerationratesinducedbyovercapacitiesandwasteimports.

WastePreventionProgramme,2013

InJuly2013,theFederalCabinetadoptedthefirstGermanWastePreventionProgramme,whichcomprehensively introduces and promotes waste prevention approaches, such as the reuse ofproducts, thedesignofminimal-wasteproducts, and theextensionof the life spanofproducts.Along with information policy, awareness rising and support of R&D, the Waste PreventionProgrammepursues further objectives, for example, the support of the EU EcodesignDirective,organisational and financial support of reuse and multiple use of products, repair centres,encouragingamoreintensiveuseofcommoditiesbyalargergroupofusers(suchascarsharing),minimisefoodwasteateverystageoftheproductionandsupplychain,andtheextensionoftheBlueAngelschemetowidentherangeofproductgroups,etc.Theprogrammewasdevelopedincooperation with the German federal states which are responsible for the implementation ofwasteregulations.

GermanResourceEfficiencyProgramme(ProgRessII),2016

Thecirculareconomyconcept increasinglyseeps intootherpoliticalprogrammesandobjectives.In2002,theFederalGovernmenthadalreadyembeddedthegoaltodoubletheGermanresourceproductivityby2020comparedto1994initssustainabledevelopmentstrategy,interalia,throughtheclosingofmaterialcycles.TheGermanResourceEfficiencyProgramme(ProgRessIandII)nowaims to decisively contribute to this end (BMUB 2016). The new programme 2016-2019encompasses in total 116 different proposals for resource efficiency measures. The waste and

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circulareconomypolicy realm in theprogrammewas fundamentallyandstronglyexpandedandgained the rank of a focus area besides raw material supply, production, consumption, andoverarchinginstruments.Overall,theprogrammeprovidessomecrucialcontentsforthe(further)developmentofthecirculareconomy.

SmartSpecialisationstrategiesinGermanregionsandfederalstates

NineGermanregionsarepresentlyregisteredassmartspecialisationregionsintheS3platform.5All of which have at least one of their foci on sustainable innovation (Baden-Wuerttemberg,Bavaria,Berlin,Brandenburg,Mecklenburg-Pomerania,Saxony-Anhalt,Thuringia,andtheWeser-Emsregion).Theprioritiesvirtuallyincludethewholerangeofoptionsforsustainableinnovation,suchassmartgreen&integratedtransportsystems(Baden-Wuerttemberg,Thuringia),sustainableenergy& renewables (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Berlin,Mecklenburg-Pomerania, Thuringia,Weser-Ems region), sustainable water management (Berlin), clean technologies (Bavaria, Berlin,Brandenburg), energy and resource efficiency in manufacturing (Saxony-Anhalt), sustainableagriculture(Saxony-Anhalt).OnlytwoLänderrefertowastemanagementandcirculareconomyintheirinnovationefforts(Berlin,Bavaria).

High-TechStrategy,2014

TheNationalHigh-TechStrategyasaresort-spanningguidingpolicydocumentwasfirstreleasedin2006,updatedin2010andrenewedin2014inordertosupportR&I(BMBF2014).Itwassetupasa strategy on innovation policy to systematically support priority fields. The High-Tech Strategyintroduced new instruments such as the innovation alliances–a strategic long-term cooperationbetween industry and public research in key technology areas that require strong funding.AccordingtothelastRIOReport,industrialproductionandtechnologyreceivethehighestshareofpublicR&Dfunding.Atthesametime,GermanyhasincreasedR&Dfundingforenergyandhealththemes but not for environment themes (Sofka 2015). The new six priority tasks comprise thedigital economy and society, the sustainable economy and energy, the innovative workplace,intelligentmobility,andcivilsecurity.Thecirculareconomyispresentlynotanexplicittopicofthehigh-tech strategy. Indeed, the renewed high-tech strategy extends the concept of innovation,whichcoversnotonlytechnological,butalsosocialinnovations.

Eco-innovationActionPlan(underdevelopment)

TheGerman Federal EnvironmentAgency is currently running a project in order to provide theGermanGovernmentwithascientificbasisforsettingupthenationalEco-innovationActionPlan.Germanydecidedin2013toworktowardsaGermaneco-innovationplanasnationalcontributiontoEUEco-AP.

Frameworkandsupportprogrammes6

TheprogrammeMaterialsInnovationsforIndustryandSociety(WING)oftheFederalMinistryofEducationandResearch(BMBF)wasalreadylaunchedin2004intendingtoprovidenewimpetusformaterialstechnologiesthathavean interdisciplinaryapproach.Theframeworkprogrammeisinterconnectedwith different support and fundingprogrammes. The innovationprogramme forSMEs(CentralInnovationProgrammeSME–ZIM)oftheFederalMinistryofEconomyaddressessmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) but does not yet have an explicit focus on eco-innovation.

5http://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/s3-platform-registered-regions

6http://www.foerderdatenbank.de(Germandatabaseforfundingandsupportprogrammes)

13

ResearchprogrammesliketheHigh-techstrategy,theMasterplanonenvironmentaltechnology,and WING are oriented toward further development of German lead markets. Germany hasestablishedparticularly strongpolicy frameworks in theareasof climate, renewableenergyandwaste management. In the programme SME Innovative of Federal Ministry of Education andResearch(BMBF),thereisanexplicitresearchandsupportareaforresourceefficiencyandclimateprotection.

Theprogrammer4–Innovativetechnologiesforresourceefficiency–Provisionofrawmaterialsofstrategiceconomic importance7 isan importantresearchprogrammeundercirculareconomyaspectsinwhichtherecoveryofsecondaryrawmaterialsandtheclosed-loopcirculationofend-of-lifeproductsare twoof fivepriorities. The fundingphasehas started in2015andwill end in2018.

RETech - an export networkfor theGerman recycling andwastemanagementindustry

The German RecyclingTechnologiesandWasteManagementPartnershipe.V.wasestablishedin2011asaresultof the Recycling and Efficiency Technology initiative of the Federal Ministry of theEnvironment. RETech activities are focused on the promotion of applying sustainableenvironmental technology of the German recycling abroad. RETech is the contact for allpublicandprivateorganisationsand/orinstitutionsdomesticandabroad,takinganinterestin the German resource and efficiency technology. RETech offers a neutral platform forcompanies interested in innovative technologies for recycling and waste managementissues and their export. Within this platform members may exchange information ontechnical issues such as the financing or the hedging of foreign business. Due to thisnetwork the RETech platform provides a unique opportunity for supporting theestablishmentofawell-orderedwastemanagementindustry,improvingtherequirementssignificantlyfortheexportofGermanwastemanagementandrecyclingtechnology.

Keywords:

- recycling,wastetechnologies,network,knowledge-transfer

Source:

- http://www.retech-germany.net

7http://www.r4-innovation.de

Dr. Armin Vogel Executive Chairman armin.vogel@retech-germany.net

Karin Opphard Managing Director karin.opphard@retech-germany.net

German Recycling Technologies and Waste Management Partnership e.V.

Kalckreuthstr. 4 | 10777 Berlin Germany

Phone: +49 30 707601 96 Fax: +49 30 707601 97 info@retech-germany.net

www.retech-germany.net Printed on 100% recycled paper.

Advisory Board

Contact

German RETech Partnership is an independent network of companies and institutions in the German waste manage-ment and recycling sector. Its purpose is to enable world-wide technology transfer and to offer access to German expertise.

You are welcome to contact RETech if you are interested in cooperation with the German waste management and recy-cling industry. We will assist you in finding the right partner for your solution �Made in Germany�.

BMUB Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conser-vation, Building and Nuclear Safety

BMWi Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy

BMZ Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development

GIZ Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH

GTAI Germany Trade and Invest - Gesellschaft für Außen-wirtschaft und Standortmarketing mbH (Foreign Trade and Inward Investment Agency)

KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau

UBA Federal Environment Agency

SRU German Advisory Council on the Environment

BDE Bundesverband der Deutschen Entsorgungs-, Wasser- und Rohstoffwirtschaft e.V. (Federation of the German Waste, Water and Raw Materials Management Indus-try � Industrial and Empolyers�Association)

bvse Bundesverband Sekundärrohstoffe und Entsorgung e.V. (German Association for Secondary Raw Materi-als and Disposal)

VAK Verband der Arbeitsgeräte- und Kommunalfahrzeug-Industrie e.V. (Municipal Vehicles and Equipment In-dustry Association)

VDMA Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e.V. (German Engineering Federation)

VKU Verband kommunaler Unternehmen e. V. (Association of Local Public Utilities in Germany)

www.RETech-Germany.net

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14

TenderingandProcurementRules,Berlin,Germany

Withanannualvolumeofapprox.260billioneuros,ofwhichaboutEUR50billionrelateto environmental future markets, the public sector in Germany has large marketpotential. In Berlin only, the market volume of the public sector covers around 4-5billionEURperyear.

Since2013,publicinstitutionsandcompaniesoftheFederalStateofBerlinareobligedtodefineecologicalrequirementsfordeliveryservices,constructionandotherservices,as well as to take account of life-cycle costs within the scope of their procurementactivities. Results from an investigation of the environmental impacts of 15 productsgroups that have been purchased under these specific conditions reveal a potentialCO2eqreductionof355,000tonnesperannum.Inaddition,theenvironmentallysoundpublicprocurementledtoareductionincostsofpublicbudgetsofEUR38millionperyear (minus 3.8%). Although some products are associatedwith additional costs, thesum of environmentally friendly purchased products are economically moreadvantageous than theprocurementof conventionalproductsover their lifetime.Theproduct groups with the largest potential for greenhouse gas reduction are greenenergy,therenovationofbuildingstopassivehousestandard,therecyclingofindustrialwaste,aswellastherenovationofthestreetlightingthroughhigh-efficiencyLEDlights.

Keywords:

- greenpublicprocurement, resourceandenergyefficientproduct groups,eco-innovation

Source:

- http://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2379/2015-541-de.pdf

15

TheGermanResourceEfficiencyProgramme(ProgRess),2012/2016

In 2012 the German government adopted the ProgRess Resource Efficiency Programme whichaims to strive foramoresustainableuseofnatural resourcesand the reductionofanyadverseimpactsontheenvironment.ProgRess II isbasedonthestructureofProgRess.Theentirevaluechainisconsidered.Measuresincludeimprovingtheefficiencyconsultingforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,supportforenvironmentalmanagementsystems,theincreasedprocurementofresource efficient products and consumer information as well as a stronger technology andtransferofknowledgetodevelopingcountriesandimprovedservicesbythepublicsector.

Aspartoftheprogramme,theGermangovernmentundertakestoreportonceeveryfouryearsontrends for resource efficiency in Germany, to assess progress achieved, and to update theprogrammeaccordingly.ThefirstprogressreportwasrecentlysubmittedtotheCabinet.

The progress report describes a number of measures designed to help reduce raw materialconsumptioninGermany.Someexamplesinclude:

-Developingefficiencyadvisoryservicesforsmallandmediumenterprises

-Agreaterfocusonresource-efficientproductsandservicesinpublicprocurement

-Improvedconsumerinformation

-Greatertechnologyandknowledgetransfertodevelopingcountriesandemergingeconomies.

TheupdatedversionofProgResshasextendedthescopetoseveralcirculareconomymeasures,such as strengthening producer responsibility, waste prevention, green public procurement,recoveryofraremetals,etc.

Keywords:

-resourceefficiency,naturalresources,decoupling,circulareconomy

Source: https://www.bundesregierung.de/Content/EN/Artikel/2016/03_en/2016-03-01-ressourceneffizienzprogramm_en.htm

16

ReferencesBMBF,2014,ThenewHigh-TechStrategy:InnovationsforGermany.FederalMinistryofEducationandResearch(BMBF),Berlin.

BMBF,2015,Research forSustainableDevelopment–FONA3.FederalMinistryofEducationandResearch,Berlin.

BMUB, 2014,GreenTechmade inGermany 4.0 – Environmental TechnologyAtlas forGermany.FederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafety(BMUB),Berlin.

BMUB, 2016, Deutsches Ressourceneffizienzprogramm II: Programm zur nachhaltigen Nutzungund zum Schutz der natürlichen Ressourcen. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, BauundReaktorsicherheit(BMUB)Berlin.

Destatis, 2014, Sustainable Development in Germany: Indicator Report 2014. Federal StatisticalOfficeofGermany(Destatis),Wiesbaden

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Abfallwirtschaft e.V., 2016, DGAW-Pressemitteilung Quotenzauber.NeueBerechnungsgrundlagenalsHerausforderungfürdiedeutscheKreislaufwirtschaft.Availableat http://www.dgaw.de/files/uploaded/pressmessages/dgaw-pressemitteilung-quotenzauber-20160129_1454320087.pdf

Edler, D., Blazejczak, J., 2014, Beschäftigungswirkungen des Umweltschutzes in Deutschland imJahr 2010. In: Federal Environment Agency, Federal Ministry for the Environment, NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafety(eds.):ReiheUmwelt,Innovation,Beschäftigung02/14.

Gröger, J.,Startmann,B.,Brommer,E.,Schwilling,T.,Mehner,H.,2016,PositiveEffekte -Studieweist relevante Umwelt- und Kostenentlastung durch umweltverträgliche Beschaffung für dasLandBerlinnach,in:ReSource,1/2016,pp.4-9.

Haščič, I., 2012, Environmental Innovation inGermany.OECDEnvironmentWorkingPapers,No.53,OECDPublishing.Availableathttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k8x9b2lljzv-en

McKinsey, 2016, Circular Economy: Werte schöpfen, Kreisläufe schließen. Available athttps://www.mckinsey.de/sites/mck_files/files/20160125_circular_economy_germany.pdf

O’Brien, M., 2013, Eco-innovation in Germany - EIO Country Profile 2013. Available athttp://www.eco-innovation.eu/images/stories/Reports/EIO_Country_Brief_2013_Germany.pdf(Accessed20April2016)

OECD, 2014, “Germany”, in OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014, OECDPublishing.Availableathttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/sti_outlook-2014-50-en

Sofka, W., 2015, RIO (Research and Innovation Observatory) Country Report - Germany 2014.European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies,Seville.

UBA,2014,DieUmweltwirtschaftinDeutschland.Umweltbundesamt,Dessau-Roßlau.Availableathttps://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/hgp_umweltwirtschaft_in_deutschland.pdf

17

UBA,2015a,VerwertungsquotenderwichtigstenAbfallarten.Umweltbundesamt,Dessau-Roßlau.Available at https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/abfall-kreislaufwirtschaft/verwertungsquoten-der-wichtigsten-abfallarten

UBA, 2015b, Environmental Data 2015 - Environmental Trends inGermany, Federal EnviromentAgency,Berlin

UBA, 2015c, Kartierung des anthropogenen Lagers in Deutschland zur Optimierung derSekundärrohstoffwirtschaft,Texte83/2015.Umweltbundesamt,Dessau-Roßlau.

UBA, 2016,Waste regulations. Available at: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/topics/waste-resources/waste-management/waste-regulations

Wilts,H.,2016,NachhaltigeInnovationsprozesseinderkommunalenAbfallwirtschaftspolitik-einevergleichende Analyse zum Transition Management städtischer Infrastrukturen in deutschenMetropolregionen,VerlagDr.Kovac,Hamburg.

18

ANNEX:Policymeasuresaddressingcirculareconomyandeco-innovationsinGermany8

Groupofpolicymeasures Typeofpolicymeasure

Specificmeasure

Pleaseprovidereferencetoorbriefsummaryofspecificmeasures(national,regional)

addcellsifnecessary

Focusofpolicymeasure(tickifrelevant)

Circular

economy

Generic

focuson

eco-

innovation

Resource

efficiency

improveme

nt

Energy

efficiency

improve

ment

Reduction

of

emissions

incl.CO2

Other

relevant

areas(e.g.

renewable

energy,

etc.)

SUPP

LYSIDEFO

CUS

Equity/businesssupport

Publiclyco-fundedventure

capitalfunds

BusinessAngelsNetworkDeutschland e.V. (BAND) is responsible for thedevelopment of the Business Angels culture in Germany, organizing the

exchange of experiences and supporting cooperation among business

angels.

X

Publicguaranteefunds

The “Mikrokreditfonds Deutschland” was established in 2009 as aguarantee fundand sponsorsmainly SME;amongothers startupswhich

developedeco-innovationsbenefit(ca.400loanspermonthin2015).

X

SupportforR&Dinpublicsectorandindustry

R&Dfunding

National High-Tech Strategy: strategic reorientationà 6 priority future

tasks (digital economy and society, sustainable economy and energy,

innovativeworking,healthyliving,intelligentmobilityandcivilsecurity)

6.EnergyResearchProgramme-Researchforanenvironmentallyfriendly,

reliableandaffordableenergysupplyX X X

BioEconomy2030-Developingasystemicmonitoring

Research and development projects, as well as measures for the

technologyandtransferofknowledgeinorganicfarming

Research and development projects, as well as measures for the

technology and transfer of knowledge for a sustainable production,

processingandmarketingofagriculturalproducts

X

X

X

X

8Thelistisnotexhaustive.

19

Groupofpolicymeasures Typeofpolicymeasure

Specificmeasure

Pleaseprovidereferencetoorbriefsummaryofspecificmeasures(national,regional)

addcellsifnecessary

Focusofpolicymeasure(tickifrelevant)

Circular

economy

Generic

focuson

eco-

innovation

Resource

efficiency

improveme

nt

Energy

efficiency

improve

ment

Reduction

of

emissions

incl.CO2

Other

relevant

areas(e.g.

renewable

energy,

etc.)

SME-innovative:Resourceandenergyefficiency

Renewable Resources: projects are supported in the following areas:sustainable production and renewable resources, Raw materials and

residual stock preparation and processing, biobased products and

bioenergy

X

x

X

X

Collaborativegrants

TheNationalClimateInitiative'sprogrammespromoteclimateprotection

inmunicipalities,andinsocialandculturalinstitutions,innovativeprojects

in industry and in the consumer, education andmunicipal sector, highly

efficientsmallcombinedheatandpowersystems(miniCHPsystems)and,

commercialcoolingandair-conditioningplants.

X

R&Dinfrastructure

The funding program “IT goes green” supports technology based eco-innovations associated with resource and energy efficient computer

technologyandtheinformationandcommunicationinfrastructure.

X

Theexpansionofwastewatersystemsissubsidisedby“Supportofwastewaterfacilities”.Expendituresforsuchsystemswillbesubsidisedupto60

%,dependingonvariousfactors.

Theprogramme“Materialefficiency inproductionprocesses”subsidisedprojects to improve the environmental effects of all processing,

manufacturing, warehousing and transport processes in SME as well as

large-scalecompanies.

X

X

TheFederalStateofBremensupportsdemonstrationprojects relating to

the development and application of new environmentally friendly

products as well as innovative waste recovery and preventiontechnologies.

Subsidies fromtheFederalStateofBremenfor investments tobuildofa

pioneeringenvironmentallyfriendlyrecyclinganddisposalinfrastructure,aswellasforprojectsthatcomplywiththepreventionprincipleaspiredin

therecyclingandwastemanagementact.

X

x

20

Groupofpolicymeasures Typeofpolicymeasure

Specificmeasure

Pleaseprovidereferencetoorbriefsummaryofspecificmeasures(national,regional)

addcellsifnecessary

Focusofpolicymeasure(tickifrelevant)

Circular

economy

Generic

focuson

eco-

innovation

Resource

efficiency

improveme

nt

Energy

efficiency

improve

ment

Reduction

of

emissions

incl.CO2

Other

relevant

areas(e.g.

renewable

energy,

etc.)

Fiscalmeasures

TaxincentivesforR&Dand

start-ups

TaxincentivesforR&D

personnel

Education,trainingandmobility

Tailoredtrainingcoursesfor

companies,entrepreneurs

The funding program “Umweltbildung, -erziehung und -information”finances measures for environmental education, such as seminars,

congressesandworkshopsinenterprises,etc.

Advise/consultingforstart

ups,companies,

entrepreneurs

The funding program “Informations- und SchulungsveranstaltungensowieWorkshops”oftheFederalOfficeofEconomicsandExportControl

supports training events, workshops, etc. for start ups. Among others

eventsregardingenvironmentalprotectionaretobefinanced/subsidised.

The Efficiency Agency NRW (EFA) offers the PIUS check (productintegrated protection of the environment). In this context consultants

analyse the relevantmaterial andenergy flowsof enterprises and reveal

possiblesavingpotentials,suchasthereductionofvariousinputs,acutof

production costs, increase of quality and possible emission abatement

measures.

VDI Zentrum Ressourceneffizienz GmbH: Since 2009, covering andpromoting an integrated application of environmental, resource and

climateprotectiontechnologies;offeringconsultancyandknow-how

x

x

Placementschemesfor

students

SupportforR&Dworkers

recruitments

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) in theareas resource efficiency, recycling, decentralisation of the natural

x x x

21

Groupofpolicymeasures Typeofpolicymeasure

Specificmeasure

Pleaseprovidereferencetoorbriefsummaryofspecificmeasures(national,regional)

addcellsifnecessary

Focusofpolicymeasure(tickifrelevant)

Circular

economy

Generic

focuson

eco-

innovation

Resource

efficiency

improveme

nt

Energy

efficiency

improve

ment

Reduction

of

emissions

incl.CO2

Other

relevant

areas(e.g.

renewable

energy,

etc.)

resourcemanagement, wastemanagement, resource efficient economy,

sustainabletourism

Networksandpartnerships

Competencecentres,

clusters,science-technology

parks

The “Umweltcluster Bayern” in an initiative which facilitates the

collaborationbetweentheactorsofenvironmentalindustryandsciencein

Bavaria.

The “Cluster Umwelttechnologie NRW” aims to improve North Rhine-

Westphalia’spositionintheGreenTechindustry.

In order to pool the knowledge of the efficient use of resources the

German Environment Ministry established the national “NetworkResourceEfficiency”.

X

X

x

Technologyplatformsand

innovationnetworks

Netzwerk Ressourceneffizienz (NeRess) - combines interdisciplinary and

practice-oriented know-how and experiences to resource-saving

production, products andmanagement and is used for the exchange of

informationandnetworkingofdifferentactorsbynetworkconferenceson

aregularbasis,targetedinformationforSMEs,expertworkshops,etc.

x

Netzwerk InnovativeKreislauftechnologien (NIK) -handlesawide rangeof circular economy and waste: it deals with products in recycling

management, disposal logistics in industry, trade and services, external

logistics’ structures and strategies, aswell as business development and

futurestrategies.

x

Foresightandcommon

visionbuilding

Bürgerdialog -Ressourcenschonend leben (CivildialogResource-efficientliving) - For the latest update of the Resource Efficiency Programme

(ProgRess), the Federal Government was interested in the opinions and

ideasofcitizensonthesubjectofresourceconservation.Apublicdialogue,

includingvariousworkshopswaslaunchedoveraperiodofca.6monthin

ordertocontributetothevisionbuildingforProgRessII.

x

Marketintelligenceand

otherformsofinformation

The task of the BINE Information Service is to support the transfer ofknowledgeandinformationfromenergyresearchtopracticalapplication.

x x

22

Groupofpolicymeasures Typeofpolicymeasure

Specificmeasure

Pleaseprovidereferencetoorbriefsummaryofspecificmeasures(national,regional)

addcellsifnecessary

Focusofpolicymeasure(tickifrelevant)

Circular

economy

Generic

focuson

eco-

innovation

Resource

efficiency

improveme

nt

Energy

efficiency

improve

ment

Reduction

of

emissions

incl.CO2

Other

relevant

areas(e.g.

renewable

energy,

etc.)

sharing

To this end, BINE is sponsored by the German Federal Ministry for

EconomicAffairsandEnergy.

DEMAN

DSIDE

FOCU

S

Regulationsandstandards

Regulations,targets,cap&

tradeschemes

Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (Renewable Energies Law) – a fixedcompensationforthefeed-inofrenewableenergies(feed-intariffs)for15-

20yearsincl.adegression

Biokraftstoffquotengesetz: regulating the blending of biofuels into thefuelformotorvehicles

WastemanagementAct,2012

x

X

x

Performancestandards,

labelling,certification

The “Saarländisches Umweltmanagement-Förderprogramm” assists theintegrationoftheEMAS-Systeminsmallenterprises(upto50employees)

byexternalexperts.

Thenationaleco-labelscheme“BlueAngel”facilitatestheidentificationofeco-friendly products (around 12,000 environmentally-friendly products

andservicesfromaround1,500companieshavebeenawarded).

x

x

Publicprocurement

“Green“publicprocurement

ofgoodsandservices

Germany’s platform for green public procurement (Competence Centrefor Sustainable Procurement) provides information for many different

productgroupsforpublicadministrations.

x

R&Dprocurement

Pre-commercial

procurement

Technology Advisorysupportfor TheKfWbankprogramme“EnergyefficiencyadviceforSMEs”advisesto x

23

Groupofpolicymeasures Typeofpolicymeasure

Specificmeasure

Pleaseprovidereferencetoorbriefsummaryofspecificmeasures(national,regional)

addcellsifnecessary

Focusofpolicymeasure(tickifrelevant)

Circular

economy

Generic

focuson

eco-

innovation

Resource

efficiency

improveme

nt

Energy

efficiency

improve

ment

Reduction

of

emissions

incl.CO2

Other

relevant

areas(e.g.

renewable

energy,

etc.)

Transfer technologyadopters find possible saving potentials. The program “Energieeffizienzberatung”

takes over a part of the consulting fees and helps to overcome

bureaucraticbarriers.

Financialorfiscalsupportfor

technologyadopters

(e.g.grantsforpurchasing

newtechnology)

BMU-Umweltinnovationsprogramm supports large-scale facilities with

demonstrationcharacter,i.e.theplannedtechnologyisnotyetappliedin

Germanyorknowntechniquesarecombinedinanovelway.

KfW-Bank Umweltprogramm – (up to 100%) loans at reduced interests

andrepaymentgrantsforinvestmentsofdomesticandforeigncompanies

forresourceefficiency/materialsavingproductionprocesses,reductionor

prevent air pollution and noise, vehicles with electric drive and hybrid

vehicleswithbivalentdrive, low-emission lightvehicles,chargingstations

for electric vehicles and refuelling facilities for hydrogen, waste

prevention, treatment and recycling, sewage treatment, reduction and

prevention, soil and groundwater protection, brownfields and land

rehabilitation

x

X

x

x

x

Supportofprivatedemand

Taxincentivesforconsumers

(e.g.forpurchasing

environmentallyefficient

products)

The“Governmentprogrammeelectromobility”:Taxexemptionextended

to electric vehicles of all vehicle categories for five years for first-time

registration of such vehicles in the period from 1 January 2016 to 31

December2020.

X X X x

Taxreductionsforproducts

andservices(e.g.VAT

reductions)

Demandsubsidies(e.g.eco-

vouchers,consumer

subsidies)

TheGerman government subsidised the purchase of soot particle filtersfordiesel-enginecars.

X

Awarenessraisingand

informationprovision

There exist various funding programmes raising the awareness of

environmentalissues(e.g.,BMU-Umweltinnovationsprogramm).

X X X X X

AbouttheEco-InnovationObservatory(EIO)

The Eco-Innovation Observatory (EIO) is the initiative financed by the European Commission’sDirectorate-General for the Environment. The Observatory is developing an integrated informationsource and a series of analyses on eco-innovation trends andmarkets, targeting business, innovationserviceproviders,policymakersaswellasresearchersandanalysts.

VisitEIOandDGENVEco-innovationActionPlan(EcoAP)websiteandregistertogetaccesstomoreinformationandtoaccessallEIOreports,briefsanddatabases.

www.eco-innovation.euec.europa.eu/environment/ecoap