Public Disclosure Authorized E-274 - World...

E-274VOL. 1

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATIONPROPOSED RURAL ROADS FOR

COTABATO AND SULTAN KUDARAT

I. Introduction

1. This is a component of APL-1 that is one of four Adaptable ProgramLoans (APL) of the Mindanao Rural Development Program. An InitialEnvironmental Examination (IEE) was conducted to assess whether there areenvironmental issues that need to be resolved or if there are significantenvironmental impacts that need to be mitigated. The proposed roads are located inseveral municipalities in Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat.

2. In preparing the IEE, sites investigation and discussions with localofficials and staff of MRDP were conducted on December 9 to 14, 1998.

1I. Description of the Project

3. Included are 30 rural road rehabilitation projects, 16 of which arelocated in Cotabato and 14 in Sultan Kudarat with total lengths of 18 kilometersand 69 kilometers respectively. In addition there will be 7 bridges constructed inCotabato and seven in Sultan Kudarat with total lengths of 158 lineal meters and122 lineal meters respectively.

4. The topography of the areas traversed by the different rural roads tobe rehabilitated varies. Some are located in very flat areas and some are in hilly andmountainous areas.

5. The vegetation along the roads ranges from crops such as rice andcorn to fruit trees, rubber trees, etc.

6. The geometric and design specifications to be followed are:

4.00 meters wide graveled carriage-way with 1.00 shoulder width and drainageditches on both sides; 15 centimeters base course of item 201 on top of 10centimeters sub-base course of item 200.

The average excavation and embankment is estimated at 0.3 meter.

IEE for Roads, Page I of 4

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7. Most of the roads to be rehabilitated are in very poor conditions.Many of them have very deep mud-holes and gullies.

8. The construction activities will include the following:

a. Cut and fill operations.

b. Excavation of ditches.

c. Laying of cross drains.

d. Construction of box culverts where necessarv.

e. Construction of bridges.

f. Transporting and laying the sub-base and base course.

-II. Screening of Possible Environmental Impact and Mitigating Measures

9. The environmental impacts of the project may be grouped into threenamely impact as a result of the design adopted; impact resulting from theconstruction activities; and impact resulting from the road usage.

10. Impacts resulting from the design aspects include those arising due tothe road alignment and those due to the road elevation. The road alignment willdetermine whether there will be encroachment into precious ecology, into historicaland cultural values, into forests, into agricultural lands, or into residential areas.Since the project is rehabilitation of existing rural roads, if there is anyencroachment, this has already been done before. Based on the actual visits andfrom discussions with local officials, the roads do not encroach on any of the above.For those roads that will require some expansion in width, it is very unlikely thatthere will be any encroachment since the roads have already sufficient right of wayand which are already cleared. Thus the impact of the project arising from the roadalignments is deemed insignificant.

11. The impact arising from the road elevation would be the possibility offlooding as a result of changes in runoff flow regimes. Where the roads crossescreeks and other waterways, flooding will occur if the necessary drainage facilitiesare not put in place. The present state of the roads indicates that this will be asignificant impact. The design criteria adopted took this into consideration such thatcross-drains; box culverts, bridges and side ditches will be constructed. If thedrainage systems will be sized properly, the impact will be reduced to acceptablelevels.

12. The impacts arising from the construction activities will include:

IEE for Roads, of 4

a. In cases where there will be side cuts on hills or mountains to expandthe road, there will be possible landslides. Landslides may also occur when thepresent roadway is excavated specially when one or both sides have steep slopes.This impact could be significant in mountainous towns such as Antipas in Cotabato.It could be avoided by careful planning of the work and installing shoring ifnecessary.

b. The material transport and soil handling activities such as the cut andfill operations loosen soil. This intensifies erosion. Considering that the projects willinvolve a lot of soil handling activities, this will be a significant impact. This impactcould be lessened if the activities are done during none rainy days. However, sincerainfall in the project area is evenly distributed, this option may not be veryeffective. Careful planning of the activities and proper storage of spoils will alsolessen the impact.

Soil handling activities also intensifies dust problems. Whereas soil erosion is theproblem during rainy days, dust problems will be the problem during non-rainydays. Considering that rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, this ispartly mitigated. However, during dry spells, this problem is reduced if water issprayed on the ground and the loose soil. This negative impact could be verysignificant but it is also temporary and lasts only for the duration of theconstruction period.

C. Excess soil or spoils in the construction will have to be disposed of.Improper disposal will result to dust and erosion and consequently siltationproblems in waterways. The magnitude of the problem will be dependent on themethod of disposal. Excess soil should be collected as soon as possible and broughtto the disposal site. To lessen erosion at the disposal site, grasses may be planted onthe mound of soil.

d. Sometimes contractors build temporary quarters for their laborersduring the construction period. If they fail to provide adequate sanitary facilities,this could lead to health problems that will not only affect the workers themselvesbut also people living nearby. Considering that the road lengths are short, and sinceit is expected that the laborers will be local residents, it is unlikely that the laborerswill stay in construction camps. They are expected to stay in their own homes. Thisimpact is therefore considered insignificant. However, in the event that constructioncamps are erected, the contractor will be required to provide adequate sanitaryfacilities to lessen the problem.

e. There are times when there are negative impacts arising from theconstruction stage but which are not the results of the construction activities butrather on the failure to monitor the construction activities. This leads to defects inthe construction that may lessen the life or the effectiveness of the road. Earlydeterioration of the road could lead to several problems such as landslides, erosion,and consequently siltation of water bodies, traffic hazards, etc. This impact could be

IEE for Roads, of 4

very significant but this is avoided by making a good monitoring program andhaving good people to do the monitoring.

13. Impacts During the Operation of the Project will include thefollowing:

a. Impacts as a result of vehicle passage include dust problems andtraffic hazards. During dry spells, the dust problem is significant but is reduced byspraying water on the road or enforcing speed limits. Those affected will betravelers and those living along the road.

The possibility of people being hit by vehicles passing through is a hazard.Pedestrians and people living nearby will be subjected to this hazard. Consideringthe volume of traffic and the fact that vehicles will not be able to move fast in agravel road, this hazard could be considered insignificant.

14. Failure to have proper post construction monitoring will deprive us ofthe opportunity to identify errors committed in the design as well as in theconstruction. This causes errors to be repeated in future projects. Thus, it is notonly proper to have a good construction monitoring program but also a postconstruction-monitoring program.

IV. Recommendations

15. The IEE of the roads visited by the consultant is presented in theAppendix from pages A-1 to A-20. The impacts are mostly not significant exceptduring the construction stage. However, impacts during the construction stage aretemporary in nature so that they will not have any lasting impact. It is suggestedthat there is no need to undertake further environmental assessment. However, it isnecessary that the mitigating measures recommended be implemented specially theprovision of a good drainage system and the formulation of a good constructionmonitoring program as well a post-construction monitoring program.

IEE for Roads, of 4

Project Name: Rural Road (Estrella - Tumbao) for Rehabilitation Location: Pres. Quirino, Sultan Kudarat

B. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A -19)

Actions Affethl Envlro nme tat:M: h AiiE ;. m0et Reomdrcio ______________l_____

Re.orcesandValues(A)^''v-iB4l *19fE 7 77 77 7m Signmeant ______________________________________________________________________ ~ ~ ~ff~1..:SmaII (L~2~ ~Modeate (D3l Major D44

1. Design Stage

a Road Alignment a. a.

i. Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of precious ecology i. none x

ii Encroachment into historical/cultural values ii. Loss of these values ii. none x

iii. Encroachment into forest iii Loss of forest iii. none x

iv. Encroachment into agricultural lands iv. Loss of agricultural lands iv. none x

v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses / displacement of v. none xlocal residents

b. Road Elevation b. Modification or disruption of natural b. Careful planning of drainage xdrainage pattems. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lotsA'armlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,

culverts, reinforced concrete

2. Construction Stage pipes and side ditches

a. Cut and fill a. a.

X Erosion / landslide i Proper construction techniques xslope protection

ii Stream Sedimentation ii. Proper storage of spoils / use of xstilling ponds when necessary


B. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A - 20)

AcUonsAffecti v I '. n I Xtr - 0 e Q: 7

(feiDl, Sm Aate fD3i; MalORL (4iii Dust Problems iii Water spray x

b. Transport and laying of paving Iconstruction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray xmatenals

C. Disposal of spoils C C.

i. Dust Problems i. Water spray x

ii. Stream Sedimentation ii. Careful planning of disposal site x

d. Failure to provide sanitary facilities in d. Affects health of workers and d. Provision of temporary health xconstruction camps nearby residents facilities

e. Failure to monitor construction e. Poor construction leading to e. Competent stage monitoringdefective roads

3 Project Operation

i Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists / i. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surfacehmpose speed limit

Traffic hazard endangering local Impose speed limit xresidents and passersby

ii. Failure to have proper post construction ii. Problems are not analyzed and so ii. Proper post constructionmonitoring no corrective action done. Error in monitoring and analysis to

design will be carried on in future provide data for correctiveprojects action

Project Name: Rural Road (Kapayawi - Palao - Kitubud ) for Rehabilitation Location: Libungan, Cotabato

Plus one RCBC for Construction

B. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A-1)

cins Affc Envkiefa Db -eto Recommi ; 1r*cto ,; 1 , ':. 4 E! !i(D) ,gi^ .

1. Design Stage

a. Road Alignment a. a.

X Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of precious ecology i. none x


iii. Encroachment into forest iii. Loss of forest iii. none x


v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses / displacement of local v. none x

residents

b. Road Elevation b. Modification or disruption of natural b. Careful planning of drainage x

drainage patterns. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lots/farmlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,

culverts, reinforced concretepipes and side ditches

2. Construction Stage


i. Erosion / landslide i. Proper construction techniques / x

slope protection

ii. Stream Sedimentation ii. Proper storage of spoils / use of x

stilling ponds when necessary

Project Name: Rural Road (Kapayawi - Palao - Kitubud ) for Rehabilitation Location: Libungan, CotabatoPlus one RCBC for Construction

B. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A-2)

iii. Dust Problems iii. Water spray x

b. Transport and laying of paving lconstruction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray xmaterials

C. Disposal of spoils C. C.



d. Failure to provide sanitary facilities in d. Affects health of workers and nearby d. Provision of temporary health xconstruction camps residents facilities

e. Failure to monitor construction e. Poor construction leading to defective e. Competent stage monitoringroads

3 Project Operation

B Vehicle passage I. Dust problems affecting motorists/ i. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surfaceAmpose speed limit


iin Failure to have proper post construction ii. Problems are not analyzed and so no ii. Proper post constructionmonitoring corrective action done. Error in design monitoring and analysis to

will be carried on in future projects provide data for correctiveaction

Project Name: Rural Road (Baguer - Sitio Sinamulang) for Rehabilitation Location: Libungan, Cotabato

Plus one RCDG for Construction

B. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A-3

ActionsAffecngEn*onmental RenmenD(meges to. i. Remned P otection . . ..fit IE ()^;

Mr_ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ 4ed0"c~i 2 ModerAtei (3J, MaIr(D

1. Design Stage



ai. Encroachment into historical/cultural values ii Loss of these values ii. none x



v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses / displacement of v. none xlocal residents

b. Road Elevation b. Modification or disruption of natural b. Careful planning of drainage xdrainage patterns. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lots4armlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,

culverts, reinforced concretepipes and side ditches

2. Construction Stage


i Erosion /landslide i Proper construction techniques/ xslope protection

ii. Stream Sedimentation ii. Proper storage of spoils/use of xstilling ponds when necessary

Project Name: Rural Road (Baguer - Sitio Sinamulang) for Rehabilitation Location: Libungan, CotabatoPlus one RCDG for Construction


- A.x,,Or,O, ffig EnXrooretw m-d e SF= ilant Ec

iii. Dust Problems iii, Water spray x

b. Transport and laying of paving lconstruction b. Dust Problems b Water spray xmaterials

c. Disposal of spoils C. c.




e. Failure to monitor construction e. Poor construction leading to a. Competent stage monitoringdefective roads

3 Project Operation

i Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists/ I. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surfacehimpose speed limit


ii. Failure to have proper post construction ii. Problems are not analyzed and so ii. Proper post constructionmonitoring no corrective action done. Enror in monitoring and analysis to


Project Name: Rural Road (San Mateo - Upper Mingading) for Rehabilitation Location: Ateosan, Cotabato

and Expansion


Actons AffectinglEnviron, ,ental i Damages to Reo6mmendeiO Ped 'l, IEE OD),st~sAW 8Values ) ,as (t -7s (0) .i" ;niV"cant )A

1, Design Stage

a Road Alignment a. a

i. Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of preclous ecology i. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

ii. Encroachment into historical/cultural values ii. Loss of these values ii. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

iii. Encroachment into forest iii. Loss of forest iii. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

iv. Encroachment into agricultural lands iv. Loss of agricultural lands iv. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses / displacement of v. Careful planning to minimize xlocal residents and offset losses


drainage pattems. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lots/farmlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,



a. Cut and fill a. a,

. Erosion / landslide i. Proper construction techniques / xslope protection

h. Stream Sedimentation ii. Proper storage of spoils / use of xstilling ponds when necessary

Project Name: Rural Road (San Mateo - Upper Mingading) for Rehabilitation Location: Aleosan, Cotabato

and ExpansionB. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A-6

iii. Dust Problems iii. Water spray x

b. Transport and laying of paving /construction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray xmaterials

c. Disposal of spoils C. c.





3 Project Operation

Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists / i. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surfacelimpose speed limit



design will be carred on in future provide data for corTectiveprojects action

Project Name: Rural Road (San Mateo - Dualing) for Rehabilitation Location: Aleosan, Cotabato

and Expansion


. . Acthins Affecting Environmenta . RecotmevmmenOie4 P4t n'9,on ____ _IEE (),esau and VaIsA .. nloDet( Maue .. ;l.iia fet

t. Design Stage

a Road Alignment a. a.

i. Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of precious ecology i. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

ii. Encroachment into histoncallcultural values ii. Loss of these values ii. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

iii. Encroachment into forest iii. Loss of forest iii. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

iv. Encroachment into agricultural lands iv. Loss of agricultural lands iv. Careful planning to minimize xand offset losses

v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses / displacement of v. Careful planning to minimize xlocal residents and offset losses

b Road Elevation b. Modification or disruption of natural b. Careful planning of drainage xdrainage pattems. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lots/farmiands Inclusion of Bridges, box,



a Cut and fill a. a.

i. Erosion / landslide i. Proper construction techniques / xslope protection

ii. Stream Sedimentation ii. Proper storage of spoils / use of xstilling ponds when necessary

Project Name: Rural Road (San Mateo - Dualing) for Rehabilitation Location: Aleosan, Cotabato

and ExpansionB. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A-8

H Z P

iii Dust Problems iii Water spray x

b. Transport and laying of paving Iconstruction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray xmaterials

c. Disposal of spoils c. c

I. Dust Problems i. Water spray x




3 Project Operation

i. Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists i. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surface/impose speed limit




Project Name: Rural Road (Agod - Malire) for Rehabilitation Location: Antipas, Cotabato


1.Design Stage mn~ U


. Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of precious ecology i. none x

ii. Encroachment into historical/cultural values ii. Loss of these values 1i. none x

fii. Encroachment into forest iii. Loss oftforest jD. none x


v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses /displacement of v. none xlocal residents

b. Road Elevation b. Modification or disruption of natural b. Careful planning of drainage xdrainage patterns. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lots/farmlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,




i. Erosion /landslide , i. Proper construction techniques / xslope protection

ii. Stream Sedimentation a. Proper storage of spoils / use of xstilling ponds when necessary

Project Name: Rural Road (Agod - Malire) for Rehabilitation Location: Antipas, Cotabato


, @" :n d B ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ i~~~~~ S~~o $,uWl" wtw _ #-iii. Dust Problems iii. Water spray x

b Transport and laying of paving /construction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray xmaterials

c. Disposal of spoils c. c.

X Dust Problems i. Water spray x




3 Project Operation

i. Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists/ i. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surface/impose speed limit

Traffic hazard endangering local Impose speed limitresidents and passersby



Project Name: Rural Road (Logdeck - Malangag) for Rehabilitation Location: Antipas, Cotabato

B. CHECKLIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDED MEASURES (page A -11 )

1. Design Stage


i Encroachment into precious ecology i Loss of precious ecology i. none x

ii Encroachment into histoncatlcultural values ii Loss of these values ii. none x

in. Encroachment into forest iiir Loss of forest iW none x


v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses / displacement of v. none x

local residents


drainage patterns. Consequently facilities where necessary.

flooding of adjacent lots/farmlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,culverts, reinforced concrete

2. Co o Sg pipes and side ditches2. Construction Stage


i. Erosion/ landslide i. Proper construction techniques/ x

slope protection



s . _ __.- -

Project Name: Rural Road (Logdeck - Malangag) for Rehabilitation Location: Antipas, Cotabato


u;• :x,~~~~~~~ ~~ Efet0 6 I 2 MoicrantEe=giii Dust Problems iii. Water spray x

b. Transport and laying of paving lconstruction b. Dust Problems b Water spray x

materials



ii Stream Sedimentation ii. Careful planning of disposal site x

d. Failure to provide sanitary facilities in d. Affects health of workers and d. Provision of temporary health x

construction camps nearby residents facilities


3 Project Operation

i Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists / i. Water spraying of road x

nearby residents. surface/impose speed limit

Traffic hazard endangering local Impose speed limit x

residents and passersby

ii Failure to have proper post construction ii. Problems are not analyzed and so ii. Proper post construction

monitoring no corrective action done. Error in monitoring and analysis todesign will be carried on in future provide data for corrective

projects action

Project Name: Rural Road (Malire - Malangag) for Rehabilitation Location: Antipas, Cotabato


gC~ecommridproteIchofl~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E Rl u49 E-

Design Stage

a. Road Alignment a a.

i Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of precious ecology : none x

ii Encroachment into historical/cultural values ii. Loss of these values ii none x

iii. Encroachment into forest iii Loss of forest iii. none x

iv. Encroachment into agricultural lands iv Loss of agricultural lands iv. none x

v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses /displacement of v none xlocal residents

b. Road Elevation b. Modification or disruption of natural b. Careful planning of drainage xdrainage patterns. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lotslfarmiands Inclusion of Bridges, box,




i. Erosion / landslide i. Proper construction techniques / xslope protection

ii Stream Sedimentation ii Proper storage of spoils / use of xstilling ponds when necessary

Project Name: Rural Road (Malire - Malangag) for Rehabilitation Location: Antipas, Cotabato


iii Dust Problems in Water spray x

b Transport and laying of paving lconstruction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray xmaterials


i Dust Problems i. Water spray x


d. Failure to provide sanitary facilities in d. Affects health of workers and d. Provision of temporary health xconstruction camps - nearby residents facilities


3 Project Operation

i. Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists / . Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surface/impose speed limit


ii. Failure to have proper post construction ii. Problems are not analyzed and so ii. Proper post constructionmonitoring no corrective action done. Error it? monitoring and analysis to


Project Name: Rural Road (Valdez - Bagumbayan) for Rehabilitation Location: Pres. Quirino, Sultan Kudarat


A(o3*ffcln EviQif.a .. .. Re......... ox.mende ,+,y, h, evirVAQi .A a,,,YS, En >'v '< E*itt r) No S!0 0


v Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of precious ecology i. none x


iii. Encroachment into forest iii. Loss of forest iir. none x

iv Encroachment into agricultural lands iv. Loss of agricultural lands iv. none x

v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses /displacement of v. none x

local residents


drainage patterns. Consequently facilities where necessary.

flooding of adjacent lots/farmlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,culverts, reinforced concrete



i. Erosion / landslide i. Proper construction techniques / x

slope protection



Project Name: Rural Road (Valdez - Bagumbayan) for Rehabilitation Location: Pres. Quirino, Sultan Kudarat


Ni Dust Problems iii. Water spray x

b Transport and laying of paving construction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray xmaterials

c Disposal of spoils c. c.

i Dust Problems i. Water spray x


d. Failure to provide sanitary facilities in d. Affects health of workers and d. Provision of temporary health xconstruction camps - nearby residents facilities


3 Project Operation

X Vehicle passage i Dust problems affecting motorists i. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surface/impose speed limit


ii Failure to have proper post construction ii. Problems are not analyzed and so ii. Proper post constructionmondoring no corrective action done. Error in monitoring and analysis to


Project Name: Rural Road (Poblacion - Banawag) for Rehabilitation Location: Pres. Quirino, Sultan Kudarat


Re~auace, and Values LA) . .. ......... lr4~i{) . ~ compePo~tw __ ___ _____________________________...............

Actions AfleteOg :Xvironmdntal d DIae o . . IEE(D)

: - e t ' .tt I _________________________ _____________ ; tSrafi fD2V e Md.D3) . . .

1. Design Stage

a Road Alignment a a.


ii Encroachment into historical/cultural values ii, Loss of these values ii. none x



v. Encroachment into residential areas v. Loss of houses / displacement of v. none x

local residents


drainage pattems. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lots/farmlands Inclusion of Bridges, box,




i. Erosion /landslide i. Proper construction techniques / x

slope protection



Project Name: Rural Road (Poblacion - Banawag) for Rehabilitation Location: Pres. Quirino, Sultan Kudarat


~ EffectDV S 1al D2 M 04ErtD M a D4OMi. Dust Problems iii Water spray x

b. Transport and laying of paving Iconstruction b. Dust Problems b. Water spray x

materials


i. Dust Problems i Water spray x




3 Project Operation

i. Vehicle passage i. Dust problems affecting motorists i. Water spraying of road xnearby residents. surface/impose speed limit


ii. Failure to have proper post construction ii. Problems are not analyzed and so ii Proper post constructionmonitoring no corrective action done. Error in monitoring and analysis to




$ sAff~c*ng E n , g_ ii . Damages easu ^es ion n I ) " "

~~M, 10 t~~~~*~ .oI ___

1.Design Stage


i Encroachment into precious ecology i. Loss of precious ecology i none x

ii Encroachment into historicaUlcultural values ii. Loss of these values ii. none x

iii. Encroachment into forest iii. Loss of forest iii none x

iv. Encroachment into agricultural lands iv Loss of agricultural lands iv. none x

v. Encroachment into residential areas v Loss of houses /displacement of v. none xlocal residents

b. Road Elevation b. Modification or disruption of natural b. Careful planning of drainage xdrainage patterns. Consequently facilities where necessary.flooding of adjacent lots/farmiands Inclusion of Bridges, box,



a. Cut and fill a, a.

i. Erosion / landslide i Proper construction techniques / xslope protection

ii. Stream Sedimentation ii. Proper storage of spoils / use of xstilling ponds when necessary


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