Psy 109: Nov. 14, 2002 Reporting Research: Written and Oral
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Transcript of Psy 109: Nov. 14, 2002 Reporting Research: Written and Oral
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Psy 109: Nov. 14, 2002
Reporting Research: Written and Oral
Laurie Karp
Erin Roland
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Why APA Format
Standardized format makes research:
• Easier to read
• Easier to compare to other studies
• Easier to replicate
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APA Format
• Title page • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Results• Tables and Figures• Discussion • References
Sample Research Report, Goodwin text, p444
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The purpose of each part
• Title Page & Abstract – To introduce topic• Introduction – What do we already know?
Hypothesis?• Method – How did we find information?• Results, Tables & Figures –
Is our information significant?• Discussion – How does this effect understanding
of issue?• References – To credit sources
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Title
• Simple summary of main idea
• Identify IV’s and DV’s
• List author names and affiliations
• Running head = on title page, 3 words
• Manuscript Page Header = top of all pages
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Venting Feeds The Flame
Running Head: Catharsis, Rumination, and Aggression
Does venting anger feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding.Brad J. BushmanIowa State University
Example: Venting Anger Study
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Introduction
• What is the question?
• What has been done? “Blowing off steam” vs. increasing anger
• What will you add to this past research?Rumination and distraction and venting
• What do you expect (hypothesis)?
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Methods
• What exactly did you do?
• Subsections
- Participants (or Subjects)
- Procedure
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Venting Anger Design
• 300 men, 300 women total, in 3 conditions
• Manipulated anger, then divided into rumination, distraction, control
CONTROL
100 men, 100 women
PUNCHING BAG PROCEDURE
RUMINATION
100 men, 100 women
DISTRACTION
100 men, 100 women
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Results
• What did you find? • Guideline for reporting results 1. Tests used
= inferential stats: t-test, ANOVA, correlation, chi-square
2. Significance of each DV for all levels of IV = descriptive stats: mean, SD
2. Why it came out that way
• Tables and figures
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Tables and Figures
• Tables
show DV (results) for each level of IV
means, standard deviations, N
results of analysis, p (sig)
• Graphs and Figures
Include captions, labels, and
explain within results!!
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Venting Anger ResultsDid Dependent Variables differ based on IV’s:male/female and rumination/distraction/control?DV’s:
Time spent hitting punching bagEnjoyment of hitting punching bag *How hard participants hit punching bag *How many times they hit punching bag *Self-reported anger *Self-reported positive moodAggressive behavior towards partner
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Confounding Variable!Gender differences with the punching bag
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Enjoyment (2.53, 2.51) Hard hit (2.05, 1.88)
Men (n=300)Women (n=300)
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Significant Group Difference:Aggressive Behavior
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
#Times hit (57.5, 63.5)
Rumination (n=200)Distraction (n=200)
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Significant Group Difference:Self-Reported Anger
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Anger (11.56, 10.88, 10.98)
Rumination* (n=200)Distraction (n=200)Control (n=200)
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Variables That Were Not Significant
• Report the variables that were NOT significantly different as well.
• Explain why they weren’t.
–Time spent hitting the bag
–Positive mood
–Aggression
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Discussion
• What you found
-relate to hypotheses
-relate back to past research
• Limitations
• Suggest next step in this research
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Venting Anger Study
So what did we find out about venting?
• People who ruminated were angrier and had a less-effective workout
• Do something non-aggressive when you’re angry; picture something other than what made you angry
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References
• Cite all ideas that are not originally yours Previous research has shown that rumination
increases angry feelings (Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998).
In your own words – no quotations
• Cite all papers at endBushman, Brad J. (2002). Does venting anger
feed or extinguish the flame? Catharsis, rumination, distraction, anger, and aggressive responding. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 6, 724-731.
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Abstract
• Last part written, first part read
• People decide whether or not to read your article based on this
• Summarizes each of the other sections in a neat little package
• Only about 120 words! Brief but powerful!
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Resources To Help You
• Sample papers• Goodwin text - Appendix A, p444• Past student papers - ask your TA
• APA format • Goodwin text, p440• www.uvm.edu/~lgordon/psyc109/APAformat.html
• Paper Guidelines - from TA in lab
• UVM’s Writing Center, 656-4075
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Oral Presentations
• Tell a research story • Usually not as complete a presentation as
an article • Select the most important findings for
discussion• Be positive and interested; it will
influence how your audience responds to the presentation
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Oral Presentation Outline
12-15 minutes total
• Introduction – 4 minutes
• Methods – 3 minutes
• Results & Discussion – 5 minutes
• Questions – 1 minute
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What To Do During Your Oral Presentation!!!
1. BREATHE!
2. Be on time and prepared (practice).
3. Use large overhead fonts.
4. Speak loudly, clearly and slowly.
5. Speak to the entire audience.
6. Explain– don’t just read from your overheads or notes.
7. Why did you do the study? Tell the audience interesting the topic is?
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Paper & Presentation Info
• Presentations start Monday, Nov. 18– All students: two hours as an audience– Tomorrow (Friday) open lab in Dewey
• Paper is due December 3
• Susan’s and Sham’s groups:See Sham at the front