ProtistsProtists

The World of Protists:The World of Protists:Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like ProtistsPlant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists

Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protistshttp://www.dnatube.com/video/5355/Kingdom-of-Protista http://www.dnatube.com/video/5355/Kingdom-of-Protista

Protist DiversityProtist Diversity200,000 species come in 200,000 species come in

different shapes, sizes, and different shapes, sizes, and colorscolors

All are All are eukaryoteseukaryotes – have a – have a nucleus and membrane-nucleus and membrane-bound organellesbound organelles

ProtozoansProtozoans

Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists

ProtozoansProtozoansUnicellularUnicellular – made up of one – made up of one

cellcellHeterotrophsHeterotrophs – they eat other – they eat other

organisms or dead organic organisms or dead organic mattermatter

Classified by how they move Classified by how they move (locomotion)(locomotion)

Sub-groupsSub-groups of of ProtozoansProtozoans

AmoebasAmoebas

FlagellatesFlagellates

CiliatesCiliates

SporazoansSporazoans

AmoebasAmoebasAKA “The Blobs”AKA “The Blobs”

No cell wallNo cell wallMove using Move using pseudopodspseudopods – –

plasma extensionsplasma extensionsEngulf bits of food by Engulf bits of food by

flowing around and over flowing around and over themthem

http://www.dnatube.com/video/1451/Large-active-amoeba

http://www.animalplanet.com/tv-shows/monsters-inside-me/videos/the-brain-eating-

amoeba.htm

Amoebas in Action…Amoebas in Action…

FlagellatesFlagellates AKA “The Ones with Tails”AKA “The Ones with Tails”

Use a whip-like extension Use a whip-like extension called a called a flagellaflagella to move to move

Some cause diseasesSome cause diseases

CiliatesCiliates AKA “The Hairy Ones”AKA “The Hairy Ones”

Move using tiny hairs Move using tiny hairs called called ciliacilia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uvs5cOJYw7U v=Uvs5cOJYw7U

SporazoansSporazoansAKA “The Parasite”AKA “The Parasite”

Non-motileNon-motile - Do not move - Do not moveLive inside a Live inside a hosthostOne type causes One type causes malariamalaria

Plasmodium vivax (causes malaria)

AlgaeAlgae

Plantlike ProtistsPlantlike Protists

What are Algae?What are Algae?MulticellularMulticellular – made of more – made of more

than one cellthan one cellPhotosyntheticPhotosynthetic – make their – make their

own foodown foodNo roots, stems, or leavesNo roots, stems, or leavesEach has Each has chlorophyllchlorophyll and other and other

photosynthetic pigmentsphotosynthetic pigments

Sub-groupsSub-groups of of AlgaeAlgae

EuglenoidsEuglenoidsDiatomsDiatoms

DinoflagellatesDinoflagellatesRed, Brown, & Green AlgaeRed, Brown, & Green Algae

EuglenoidsEuglenoidsAKA “The Survivors”AKA “The Survivors”

AquaticAquaticMove around like animalsMove around like animalsCan ingest food from Can ingest food from

surroundings when light is surroundings when light is not availablenot available

DiatomsDiatomsAKA “The Golden AKA “The Golden

Ones”Ones”Have shells made of silica Have shells made of silica

(glass)(glass)Photosynthetic pigment Photosynthetic pigment

called called carotenoidscarotenoids – give – give them a golden colorthem a golden color

DinoflagellatesDinoflagellatesAKA “The Spinning Ones”AKA “The Spinning Ones”

Spin around using two flagellaSpin around using two flagellaResponsible for Red TidesResponsible for Red TidesCreate neurotoxins that can Create neurotoxins that can

kill animals/sometimes peoplekill animals/sometimes people

Red AlgaeRed AlgaeAKA AKA

“The…uh…Red Ones “The…uh…Red Ones (duh)”(duh)”

SeaweedsSeaweedsMulticellular, marine Multicellular, marine

organismsorganismsHave red and blue Have red and blue

pigmentspigments

Brown AlgaeBrown AlgaeAKA AKA

“The Brown Ones “The Brown Ones (You think?)”(You think?)”

They have They have air bladdersair bladders to to help them float at the surface help them float at the surface – where the light is.– where the light is.

Green AlgaeGreen AlgaeAKAAKA

“Yeah, You Guessed it, “Yeah, You Guessed it, The Green Ones”The Green Ones”

Most live in Most live in fresh waterfresh waterCan be unicellular or Can be unicellular or

multicellularmulticellularLive alone or in groups Live alone or in groups

called called coloniescolonies

Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists

Characteristics:Characteristics:

All form delicate, netlike All form delicate, netlike structures on the surface structures on the surface of their food sourceof their food source

Heterotrophs - obtain Heterotrophs - obtain energy by decomposing energy by decomposing organic materialorganic material

Sub-groupsSub-groupsofof

Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists

Plasmodium Slime MoldsPlasmodium Slime Molds

Cellular Slime MoldsCellular Slime Molds

Water Molds & Downy Water Molds & Downy MildewsMildews

Slime MoldsSlime Molds

Live in cool moist, shady Live in cool moist, shady places where they grow on places where they grow on damp, organic matterdamp, organic matter

Plasmodium Slime Plasmodium Slime MoldsMolds

Form Form plasmodiumplasmodium: a mass : a mass of cytoplasm that contains of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no many diploid nuclei but no cell walls or membranes – cell walls or membranes – its feeding stageits feeding stage

Creeps by amoeboid Creeps by amoeboid movement – 2.5 cm/hourmovement – 2.5 cm/hour

Plasmodium Plasmodium continued…continued…

May reach more than a meter May reach more than a meter in diameterin diameter

Form reproductive structures Form reproductive structures when surroundings dry upwhen surroundings dry up

SporesSpores are dispersed by the are dispersed by the wind and grow into new wind and grow into new plasmodiumplasmodium

Cellular Slime MoldsCellular Slime MoldsIn feeding mode, they exist In feeding mode, they exist

as individual amoebic cellsas individual amoebic cellsWhen food becomes When food becomes

scarce, they come together scarce, they come together with thousands of their own with thousands of their own kind to reproducekind to reproduce

May look like a plasmodiumMay look like a plasmodium

Water Molds and Water Molds and Downy MildewsDowny Mildews

Live in water or moist Live in water or moist placesplaces

Feed on dead organisms Feed on dead organisms or parasitize plantsor parasitize plants

Fuzzy white growthsFuzzy white growths