Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation

J. NewmanJ. Newman

World History 9World History 9

““Erasmus laid the egg that Luther Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.”hatched.”

Desiderius Desiderius ERASMUSERASMUS

““Christianity should Christianity should show people how to show people how to live good lives on a live good lives on a daily basis rather than daily basis rather than provide a system of provide a system of beliefs that people beliefs that people have to practice to be have to practice to be saved.”saved.”

Religion on the Eve of the Religion on the Eve of the ReformationReformation

Church officials Church officials concerned with concerned with moneymoney Used their church Used their church

offices to advance offices to advance their careers & their their careers & their wealth wealth

Detail of a fresco (1481–82) by Perugino in the Sistine chapel shows Jesus giving the keys of heaven to Saint Peter.

Martin Luther 1483-1546Martin Luther 1483-1546*not MLK Jr. from the 1950s-1960s*not MLK Jr. from the 1950s-1960s

Monk & professor at Monk & professor at the Univ. of the Univ. of Wittenberg (Germany)Wittenberg (Germany)

Studied the Bible; Studied the Bible; came to believe that came to believe that humans are not saved humans are not saved through their good through their good works, but through works, but through their faith in God-- their faith in God-- “justification by faith “justification by faith alone”alone”

Hans and Margarethe Luther

Luther as an Augustinian Monk

Selling of IndulgencesSelling of Indulgences Luther offended by Luther offended by

Johann Tetzel Johann Tetzel selling indulgences selling indulgences

Indulgences- Indulgences- “tickets to heaven”- “tickets to heaven”- a piece of paper a piece of paper bought for living & bought for living & dead relatives & dead relatives & pardoned your sins pardoned your sins (not required to (not required to repent). repent). “As soon as money in the coffer

rings, the soul from purgatory's fire springs." --Tetzel

Ninety-Five ThesesNinety-Five Theses Oct. 31, 1517—Oct. 31, 1517—Luther nailed a Luther nailed a list of 95 points list of 95 points on the Castle on the Castle Church doors Church doors at Wittenbergat Wittenberg

95 things he 95 things he considered the considered the Church & Pope Church & Pope were doing were doing wrongwrong

The printing The printing press helped to press helped to spread his spread his writings like writings like wildfire!wildfire!

Break with the ChurchBreak with the Church

Jan. 1521, the pope Jan. 1521, the pope excommunicated excommunicated LutherLuther

“papal bull” excommunicating Luther

Diet of Worms- 1521Diet of Worms- 1521 Luther appeared Luther appeared

before many religious before many religious leaders and rulersleaders and rulers Luther ordered to Luther ordered to

recant, he refused!recant, he refused! Luther declared an Luther declared an

outlawoutlaw• No one was to No one was to

give him food or give him food or sheltershelter

Luther’s works Luther’s works were to be burnedwere to be burned

Do not write quote: “I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. May God help me. Amen.”- Luther

The EndThe End Frederick of Saxony Frederick of Saxony

hid Luther & allowed hid Luther & allowed him to continue to him to continue to write in secrecywrite in secrecy

Luther translated the Luther translated the New Testament into New Testament into GermanGerman

Luther died 1546Luther died 1546

Lutheranism was the Lutheranism was the first Protestant faithfirst Protestant faith

Wartburg Castle

The room in Wartburg where Luther translated the New Testament into German.

Luther's tombstone in the Castle Church in Wittenberg.

Marriage & Family Marriage & Family

Katharina von BoraKatharina von Bora

One of 12 nuns One of 12 nuns Luther helped escape Luther helped escape from a conventfrom a convent

She was 26, he was She was 26, he was 41 years old41 years old

They had 6 childrenThey had 6 children

Politics & Religion in the Politics & Religion in the German ReformationGerman Reformation

Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg- The German - The German states were now free to choose states were now free to choose between Catholicism and between Catholicism and LutheranismLutheranism

Reformation in EnglandReformation in England

King Henry VIIIKing Henry VIII CatholicCatholic King of EnglandKing of England Married his Married his

brother’s wife after brother’s wife after his brother diedhis brother died

Strongest desire Strongest desire was to have a son, was to have a son, an heiran heir

Wife #1- Catherine of Aragon Wife #1- Catherine of Aragon (m.1509-1533)(m.1509-1533)

Unable to give Henry a Unable to give Henry a sonson

Had a daughter- MaryHad a daughter- Mary Henry wanted to annul Henry wanted to annul

the marriagethe marriage Henry establishes the Henry establishes the

Church of England to Church of England to get the annulment- get the annulment- 15341534

MaryMary

Catherine of Aragon’s Catherine of Aragon’s daughterdaughter

Devout CatholicDevout Catholic

Later, as Queen, she Later, as Queen, she will persecute the will persecute the ProtestantsProtestants Nickname- Bloody Nickname- Bloody

MaryMary

Wife #2- Anne BoleynWife #2- Anne Boleyn(m.1533-1536)(m.1533-1536)

Mistress of Henry VIII Mistress of Henry VIII while married to while married to CatherineCatherine

Supposedly pregnant Supposedly pregnant when she marries Henrywhen she marries Henry

Has a daughter- Has a daughter- ElizabethElizabeth

Accused of treason & Accused of treason & adulteryadultery

BeheadedBeheaded

ElizabethElizabeth Anne Boleyn’s Anne Boleyn’s

daughterdaughter ProtestantProtestant Half-sister of MaryHalf-sister of Mary Never marries orNever marries or

has childrenhas children The Virgin QueenThe Virgin Queen

Tolerant of otherTolerant of other

religionsreligions

Wife #3- Jane SeymourWife #3- Jane Seymour(m.1536-1537)(m.1536-1537)

Able to give Henry a Able to give Henry a sonson Edward VIEdward VI

Dies shortly after Dies shortly after giving birthgiving birth

Edward VIEdward VI

Only surviving son of Only surviving son of Henry and JaneHenry and Jane

ProtestantProtestant

Died at the age of 15 Died at the age of 15 due to tuberculosisdue to tuberculosis

Wife #4- Anne of ClevesWife #4- Anne of Cleves(m.1540 Jan.-July)(m.1540 Jan.-July)

Married less than a Married less than a yearyear Henry compared her Henry compared her

looks to a “Flanders looks to a “Flanders Mare”Mare”

Like being married to Like being married to your sister. No true your sister. No true love between them.love between them.

No childrenNo children Henry divorces herHenry divorces her

Wife #5- Katherine Howard Wife #5- Katherine Howard (m.1540-1542)(m.1540-1542)

30 yrs. younger than 30 yrs. younger than Henry when marriedHenry when married

No children No children

Accused of infidelity & Accused of infidelity & then beheadedthen beheaded

Wife #6- Katherine ParrWife #6- Katherine Parr(m.1543-1547)(m.1543-1547)

No childrenNo children

Became Henry’s Became Henry’s companion & nurse in companion & nurse in his last yearshis last years

Survives Henry Survives Henry Marries an “old love” Marries an “old love”

after Henry diesafter Henry dies

Rhyme to Remember the Wives Rhyme to Remember the Wives & their Fate& their Fate

DivorcedDivorced BeheadedBeheaded DiedDied DivorcedDivorced BeheadedBeheaded SurvivedSurvived

CatherineCatherine AnneAnne JaneJane AnneAnne KatherineKatherine KatherineKatherine

http://www.history.com/http://www.history.com/videos/henry-viii#henry-viiivideos/henry-viii#henry-viii

The Catholic “Reformation”The Catholic “Reformation”

NOTNOT a movement to a movement to reform the Catholic reform the Catholic Church, but a Church, but a movement to movement to WINWIN Protestants back to the Protestants back to the Catholic Church or Catholic Church or destroy themdestroy them

Ignatius of Loyola & Ignatius of Loyola & the Jesuits- spread the the Jesuits- spread the message of the message of the Catholic ChurchCatholic Church

The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent1545-15631545-1563

Both faith and good Both faith and good works were necessary for works were necessary for salvationsalvation

The Seven Sacraments The Seven Sacraments are upheldare upheld

Belief in purgatory and in Belief in purgatory and in the use of indulgences the use of indulgences were strengthened, were strengthened, although the although the abuse/selling of abuse/selling of indulgences were indulgences were forbiddenforbidden

Study GuideStudy Guide Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance and ReformationFill in the blank, Short Answer/Response (paragraph), Fill in the blank, Short Answer/Response (paragraph),

Extended Response (page)Extended Response (page)

RenaissanceRenaissance Difference b/w High Renaissance and Northern Difference b/w High Renaissance and Northern

Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art Vocab. Terms- Renaissance, Renaissance man, Vocab. Terms- Renaissance, Renaissance man,

vernacularvernacular Who wrote Who wrote The Prince The Prince and what was it about and what was it about Humanism- what was it, who were the humanists, inspired Humanism- what was it, who were the humanists, inspired

by?, father of…, by?, father of…, Liberal arts studiesLiberal arts studies Printing press- inventor & impactPrinting press- inventor & impact Who wrote Who wrote The Book of the CourtierThe Book of the Courtier and what was it about and what was it about Medici Family- their importanceMedici Family- their importance

ReformationReformation

Quote- explain it- “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.”Quote- explain it- “Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched.” Name 2 abuses that The Church participated inName 2 abuses that The Church participated in Martin Luther- how he became a monk, what he believed, issue of Martin Luther- how he became a monk, what he believed, issue of

indulgences & 95 Theses (Tetzel), Pope’s response, Diet of indulgences & 95 Theses (Tetzel), Pope’s response, Diet of Worms- results, impact on/of LutherWorms- results, impact on/of Luther

Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg Henry VIII- motivation for annulmentHenry VIII- motivation for annulment 6 wives- briefly describe each and what happened to them 6 wives- briefly describe each and what happened to them

(remember the rhyme)(remember the rhyme) Order Henry’s children rules and their faith (protestant or Order Henry’s children rules and their faith (protestant or

catholic?)catholic?) The Catholic “Reformation” (what was it), Ignatius of Loyola, The Catholic “Reformation” (what was it), Ignatius of Loyola,

Council of Trent (3 statements made)Council of Trent (3 statements made)