Protective Relays Principles & Application

Introduction:The electric relay is one of the most frequently used devices in modern technological

systems. It can be found in cars, washing machines, microwave ovens, and medical

equipment, as well as in tanks, aircraft, and ships. Practically no industry would

function without relays. In some complex automatic control systems in industry, the

number of relays is estimated in hundreds and even thousands.

This course contains a description of electrical relays, their principles of operation, and

applications for all basic types, for as widespread as knowledge of the subject is, it is

still not abundant.

Who should attend?The course curriculum is designed specially for most engineers, electrical, mechanical,

and petroleum. Supervisors, foremen and qualified technicians can get considerable

upgrading education.

Program duration - Five days

Program Documents- Main Hard copy- Course CD

Additional items upon request.

Course contents:

Day One

Introduction to Systems Protection Relays history Magnetic Systems of Relays

Basic Components of and Electromagnetic RelayDifferences between AC and DC Relays Windings of Relays: Types and Design Features

Contact SystemsDesigns of Basic Types of ContactsSelf-Cleaning & Self-Adjusting ContactsSplit, Make-Before-Break, High-Frequency ContactsHigh-Power Contact Systems

Day Two

Faults types, causes, effects and calculation External Design of Relays

Environmental Impact on RelaysWood and Cardboard: First Protection Shield for Relays Indicators of Operation and Test Buttons

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Relays That Do Not Look Like Relays at All High-Voltage Relays

Open Relays for High-Voltage SwitchingVacuum and Gas-Filled High-Voltage Low Power RelaysHigh Power Vacuum Relays and ContactorsHigh-Voltage Reed Relays

Electronic RelaysHow a Vacuum Tube Works?Gas-Tubes with Relay CharacteristicsSemiconductor RelaysThyristorsSuper-Power Electronic RelaysHybrid Relays

Day Three

Time RelaysElectromagnetic Time Relays Capacitor Time Relays Relays with Clockwork Pneumatic and Hydraulic Time-Delay RelaysElectronic Time-Delay RelaysMicroprocessor-Based Time-Delay RelaysAccelerated (Forced) Relays

Thermal Relays Relays Based on a Bimetal Thermal ElementProtective Thermal RelaysAutomatic Circuit Breakers with Thermal ElementsDilatometer RelaysManometric Thermal RelaysMercury Thermal Relays

Protective Current and Voltage Relays Current and Voltage Transformers Instantaneous Current and Voltage RelaysProtective Relays of the Electromagnetic Type Electronic Current and Voltage Relays Reed Switch Current Relays Current Relays with Independent ‘‘Time-Delays’’Current Relays with Dependent Time-DelaysHarmonic and Voltage Restraint RelaysPulse Current Relays

Day Four

Power and Power Directional Relays Induction-Type Relays Characteristics of Power Direction Relays Electro-Dynamic-Type Relays Electronic Analogs of Power Direction Relays

Differential Relays Principles of Differential Protection High-Impedance Differential Relays Biased Differential Relays

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Electromagnetic Percentage Differential Relay Induction-Type Differential RelaysHarmonic Restraint Differential Relays Pilot-Wire Relays

Distance RelaysPrinciples and Basic Characteristics of Distance Protection System Swing Principles of Distance Relays Construction Distance Relays with Higher Performance Electronic Analogs of Impedance Relays

Day Five

Frequency Relay Charles Steinmetz — Inventor of the Frequency Relay Induction Frequency RelaysResonance RelaysElectronic Frequency Relays

Microprocessor-Based Relays: Prospects and ChallengesAdvantages of Microprocessor-Based ‘‘Relays’’Disadvantages of Microprocessor-Based ‘‘Relays’’Summing Up

Special RelaysPolarized RelaysLatching RelaysSequence RelaysRotary RelaysMoving-Coil RelaysAmplifier-Driven RelaysFlashing-Light RelaysBuchholz RelaysSafety RelaysGround Fault Relays

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