Properties of matter. Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma. Include:...
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Transcript of Properties of matter. Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma. Include:...
Properties of matter
• Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma.
Include: density, compressibility, diffusion
Additional KEY Terms
Homogeneous HeterogeneousPhysical properties Chemical propertiesExothermic Endothermic
Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up space, or
volume.
Pure substanceParticles that make up a substance are all the same.
Mixture Substance contains more than one kind of particle.
ElementsSimplest form of matter; an atom is the smallest particle of an element.
CompoundsForm of matter containing two or more elements chemically bonded together.
A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound.
Heterogeneous mixture - particles in are not evenly distributed and are often distinguishable.
Homogeneous mixture - particles of a are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.
Matter has two properties:
Physical properties: can be observed or tested without changing the composition of the substance.
ColourShiny or dullBrittle or malleableDensity Phase (state)Conductivity - heat or currentSolubilityViscosity
Chemical properties - observation or testing changes the composition of the substance.
FlammableOxidize (rust or tarnish)React with an acid
H
O
HNa
2 H2O (l) + 2 Na (s) 2 NaOH (l) + H2 (g)
A physical change involves a change in shape or a change in state of a substance.
H
H
O
H
H
O
H
H O
A chemical change is when new substances with new properties are formed - chemical reaction.
There are 5 indicators of a chemical reaction:
1. A change in colour2. A change in smell (odor)
3. Fizzing or bubbling (releasing gas)
4. A change in energy
a. The container feels warmer, heat is released. We call this an exothermic change.
(exo = out, therm = heat)
b. The container feels cooler, heat is absorbed.
We call this an endothermic change. (endo = in, therm = heat)
5. When two clear liquids are mixed, a solid forms or the mixture goes cloudy.
This is called precipitate formation.
Diffusion - how easily one substance is able to move through another.
Must be little interaction between particles and space for the particles to move.
Substances diffuse most easily through gases > liquids > solids
Plasma - a gaseous mixture of positive ions and electrons.
About 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma.(but it is rare on Earth)
Examples - aurora borealis, stars and lightning bolts.
The transition from one state to another requires a change in energy.
CAN YOU / HAVE YOU?
• Describe the properties of gases, liquids, solids, and plasma.
Include: density, compressibility, diffusion
Additional KEY Terms
Homogeneous HeterogeneousPhysical properties Chemical propertiesExothermic Endothermic