Progressive Era
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Transcript of Progressive Era
Progressive EraProgressive Era
1890-1917 The Push to 1890-1917 The Push to Reform American SocietyReform American Society
CausesCauses Gilded Age political corruptionGilded Age political corruption Negative views of laissez faire approachNegative views of laissez faire approach Monopolies Monopolies Working conditionsWorking conditions Child Labor AbusesChild Labor Abuses Urban living conditionsUrban living conditions Discrimination towards Women, African Discrimination towards Women, African
Americans, and immigrantsAmericans, and immigrants Populist MovementPopulist Movement
Goals of the ProgressivesGoals of the Progressives
Government AccountabilityGovernment Accountability Regulation over monopolies and Regulation over monopolies and
companiescompanies Expansion of government power to Expansion of government power to
help citizenshelp citizens End government inefficiency, End government inefficiency,
corruption, and patronagecorruption, and patronage
Progressives wereProgressives were
White ProtestantsMiddle class and native born.
College Educated Professionals Social workers
ScholarsPoliticiansPreachersTeachersWriters
Populists vs ProgressivesPopulists---rural
Progressives---cities
Populists were poor and uneducatedProgressives were middle-class and
educated.
Populists were too radicalProgressives stayed political
mainstream.
Populists failedProgressives succeeded
Social ReformersSocial Reformers
Muckrakers exposed the problemsMuckrakers exposed the problems Low living standards in citiesLow living standards in cities Immigrants squalid living Immigrants squalid living Health / Food StandardsHealth / Food Standards Child Labor / Working ConditionsChild Labor / Working Conditions Key People: Upton Sinclair, Ida Key People: Upton Sinclair, Ida
Tarbell, Jacob Riis, and Thomas NastTarbell, Jacob Riis, and Thomas Nast
Social ReformersSocial Reformers
Prison Reform Prison Reform Shelters for homeless and mentally Shelters for homeless and mentally
illill Public Education systemPublic Education system Women’s entrance into public forum Women’s entrance into public forum
led to emphasis on moralityled to emphasis on morality
Social and Political Social and Political CrossoverCrossover
Women’s Rights Groups Crusade for Women’s Rights Groups Crusade for ChangeChange
Suffragists / Suffragettes, NAWSA, Suffragists / Suffragettes, NAWSA, Congressional UnionCongressional Union
Temperance MovementTemperance Movement Key people: Reformers- Jane Addams Key people: Reformers- Jane Addams
and “Mother” Jones and “Mother” Jones Key People: Suffragists- Susan B. Key People: Suffragists- Susan B.
Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Alice PaulLucretia Mott, and Alice Paul
Political ReformsPolitical Reforms
Progressive Changes to GovernmentProgressive Changes to Government Basis for social welfare programsBasis for social welfare programs
-Welfare, unemployment, and Social -Welfare, unemployment, and Social SecuritySecurity
Direct PrimariesDirect Primaries 1717thth Amendment- Direct Senate Election Amendment- Direct Senate Election Initiatives / ReferendumsInitiatives / Referendums RecallsRecalls Secret BallotsSecret Ballots
Economic ReformersEconomic Reformers
Muckrakers exposed corruption of Muckrakers exposed corruption of some monopoliessome monopolies
Rise of Labor UnionsRise of Labor Unions Knights of LaborKnights of Labor American Federation of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor Better working conditions, shorter Better working conditions, shorter
hours, more payhours, more pay
Progressive PresidentsProgressive Presidents
•Theodore Roosevelt1901 to 1909
•William Howard Taft1909 to 1913
•Woodrow Wilson1913 to 1921
Progressive PresidentsProgressive Presidents
Teddy Roosevelt 1901-1909 RepublicanTeddy Roosevelt 1901-1909 Republican Active approach to executive branchActive approach to executive branch ““Square Deal”Square Deal” First to recognize unionsFirst to recognize unions Trustbuster Trustbuster Railroad RegulationRailroad Regulation Public HealthPublic Health Conservationist / National ParksConservationist / National Parks
Progressive PresidentsProgressive Presidents
William H. Taft 1909-1913 RepublicanWilliam H. Taft 1909-1913 Republican Progressivism election strategyProgressivism election strategy Failed on lower tariff promiseFailed on lower tariff promise Anti Trust CasesAnti Trust Cases Reserved Public LandsReserved Public Lands Corruption and ScandalsCorruption and Scandals Received criticism from all parties Received criticism from all parties
and factionsand factions
Election of 1912Election of 1912
Republicans- TaftRepublicans- Taft Progressive / Bull Moose Party- Progressive / Bull Moose Party-
RooseveltRoosevelt Democrats- WilsonDemocrats- Wilson Socialist- Debs Socialist- Debs
Republican Party Platform Taft
Republican Party Platform TaftHigh import tariffs.High import tariffs.
Put limitations on female and child Put limitations on female and child labor.labor.
Workman’s Compensation Laws.Workman’s Compensation Laws.
Against initiative, referendum, and Against initiative, referendum, and recall.recall.
Against “bad” trusts.Against “bad” trusts.
Creation of a Federal Trade Creation of a Federal Trade Commission.Commission.
Stay on the gold standard.Stay on the gold standard.
Conservation of natural resources Conservation of natural resources because they are finite.because they are finite.
Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) Platform Roosevelt
Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party) Platform Roosevelt
Women’s suffrage.Women’s suffrage.
Graduated income tax.Graduated income tax.
8 hour work day8 hour work day
More regulation of big businessMore regulation of big business
Lower tariffs.Lower tariffs.
Limits on campaign spending.Limits on campaign spending.
Minimum wage laws.Minimum wage laws.
Abolition of child labor.Abolition of child labor.
Workmen’s compensation.Workmen’s compensation.
NNeeww
NNaattiioonnaalliissmm
NNeeww
NNaattiioonnaalliissmm
Socialist Party Platform Debs
Socialist Party Platform Debs
Government ownership of Government ownership of railroads and utilities.railroads and utilities.
Guaranteed income tax.Guaranteed income tax.
No tariffs.No tariffs.
8-hour work day.8-hour work day.
Better housing.Better housing.
Government inspection of Government inspection of factories.factories.
Women’s suffrage.Women’s suffrage.
Democratic Party Platform Wilson
Democratic Party Platform WilsonCritical of big business and big Critical of big business and big governmentgovernment
Tariff reduction.Tariff reduction.
Direct election of Senators.Direct election of Senators.
Create a Department of Labor.Create a Department of Labor.
Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.Trust Act.
Did NOT support women’s Did NOT support women’s suffrage.suffrage.
Opposed to a central bank.Opposed to a central bank.
NNeeww
FFrreeeeddoomm
NNeeww
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Progressive PresidentsProgressive Presidents
Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 Lowered TariffsLowered Tariffs Graduated Income TaxGraduated Income Tax Avoided WWI for first termAvoided WWI for first term Entered into WWI for second term Entered into WWI for second term
(some say it was calculated move)(some say it was calculated move)