Professor Anton MiddelbergARC Federation Fellow and Professor of Bioengineering, School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Queensland, Queensland, AustraliaMet with members of the PFPC and presented a seminar titled “Nanostructural bioengineering” (9 September)

Dr Juan CarcelAgricultural Engineering Department of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, SpainHeld discussions with Sandra Kentish and Muthupandian Ashokkumar on ultrasonics research (20 September)

Professor Weiyang Fei Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaMet with Geoff Stevens to discuss collaborative research activities in the area of solvent extraction (11-12 October)

Dr Murray RudmanCSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology, Victoria, AustraliaSeminar presented titled “Direct numerical simulation of the turbulent pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids” (14 October)

Professor Jennifer CurtisChemical Engineering Department, University of Florida, Florida, USAMet with researchers in the PFPC and the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and seminar presented entitled “Fluid-particle flows: some next steps in CFD model development” (21 October)

Dr John BartlettLeader, Functional Materials Section, ANSTO Materials and Engineering Science, NSW, Australia. Seminar given titled “Nanostructural engineering of thin films by sol gel processing and atomic layer deposition – a materials chemistry perspective” (28 October)

Professor Aibing YuDirector, Center for Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems (Simpas), The University of New South Wales, NSW, AustraliaDiscussed collaborative research opportunities with senior members of the PFPC and presented seminar “Microdynamic modeling and analysis of particle-fluid flow in mineral processing” (4 November)

Dr Richard BuscallICI Strategic Technology Group, UKAttended PFPC Advisory Board Meeting, met with researchers and presented lecture “Growth of colloidal particles and microphases by controlled precipitation” at the PFPC Symposium (8-12 November)

16

bulletinbulletin

c o n t a c tProfessor Geoff Stevens – Director, PFPC

Department of

Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering

The University of Melbourne

Victoria 3010 Australia

Tel: 61 3 8344 6621

Fax: 61 3 8344 8824

Email: gstevens@unimelb.edu.au

For all the latest PFPC news visit our website

www.pfpc.unimelb.edu.au

J U L Y – D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 4

Professor Brij MoudgilDirector, ERC for Particle Science & Technology, University of Florida, USAAttended PFPC Advisory Board Meeting, held research discussions with PFPC members and presented lecture “Nanoengineered particulate based systems for enhanced performance in microelectronics, pharmaceutics and process industries” at the PFPC Symposium (8-10 November)

Professor Graeme JamesonDirector, Centre for Multiphase Processes, University of Newcastle, NSW, AustraliaAttended PFPC Advisory Board Meeting and presented lecture “Bubbles, drops and particles” at the PFPC Symposium (9-10 November)

Professor John RyanDirector, Bionanotechnology Interdisciplinary Research Centre, University of Oxford, UKMet with PFPC members and presented seminar “Applications of nanotechnology in biology and medicine” (11 November)

Professor Jae Chun Hyun Dean of the Graduate School, and Director of the Applied Rheology Center (ARC), Korea University, Seoul, Korea Attended PFPC Advisory Board Meeting and presented seminar “The Applied Rheology Center - present and future” (9-11 November)

Dr Ian SnapeManager, Human Impacts Division, Australian Antarctic Division, Tasmania, AustraliaMet with Geoff Stevens and researchers to discuss Antarctic research activities (15 November)

Marianne ChoongResearch & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Victoria, AustraliaVisited Geoff Stevens to discuss collaborative research projects (16 November)

Professor Nobumasa Iwashita, Professor Yu Komatsu, Professor Hisao Kokusen, Professor Shigekazu Tsurubou and Professor Toshiaki IzumiyaKanazawa Institute of Technology, JapanMet with Geoff Stevens and researchers to discuss collaborative research activities (22-26 November)

Dr Ian WilsonDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, UKHeld discussions with PFPC researchers and presented a seminar titled “Fluid dynamic gauging - a fluid mechanical AFM?” (25 November)

Professor Ulrich Kulozik Institute for Food Process Engineering and Dairy Technology, Technische Universitat Munchen, Germany Discussed research activities with Geoff Stevens and Sandra Kentish (25 November)

Dr Gordon RitceyGordon M. Ritcey & Associates, CanadaMet with Geoff Stevens (2 December)

visi torsvisi tors

A F M C a n t i l e v e r s U p d a t eIn a recent issue of the PFPC Bulletin (January – June 2003), we reported on the discovery

by PFPC Executive Member Associate Professor John Sader that V-shaped cantilevers used

in the Atomic Force Microscope do not offer the advantages they are purported to have.

Instead of minimising the effects of torsion, a property that has underpinned their usage,

V-shaped cantilevers actually increase twist. In that issue, the following question was asked:

Do we need V-shaped cantilevers at all? In this issue, we report on the impact of this finding in

the short timeline since its announcement in 2003.

At the heart of the AFM lies a force-sensing cantilever. Typically between 100 and 200 microns

long, the AFM cantilever is scanned across a surface to generate a topographic image or

measure surface properties. The first cantilever design (1986) incorporated a simple rectangular

geometry, closely resembling a diving board. Soon after, the more complex V-shaped geometry

was introduced (1987) with the explicit intent of minimising the effects of lateral forces,

which can be detrimental to performance. This has led to current day industry standards,

which utilise a combination of rectangular and V-shaped cantilevers, depending on the

application. Importantly, V-shaped cantilevers have been used widely in applications where the

effects of torsion are to be minimised, such as and force measurements, including colloid probe

measurements.

Intuitively, it seems entirely reasonable that V-shaped cantilevers must provide higher

resistance to twisting in comparison to rectangular cantilevers, with the skewed arms of the

V-shape providing the extra support. John’s research proves that such intuitive analysis leads

to the wrong conclusion, with the V-shaped geometry providing less support. This finding is

expected to impact significantly on manufacturing standards and usage by enabling the

universal use of rectangular cantilevers in AFM applications. In turn, this would facilitate

accurate cantilever calibration

and measurement interpretation,

thus improving the performance

of the instrument.

Part iculate F luids Processing Centre

An ARC Specia l Research Centre

Part iculate F luids Processing Centre

An ARC Specia l Research Centre

32

These findings by John Sader have led to global attention and publicity in the international scientific media, including a report in the key general

science magazine Scientific American. Leading AFM manufacturers have responded to this finding, by modifying their product lines. Significantly,

one of the world’s largest manufacturers, Veeco, USA, has now replaced their widely used silicon V-shaped cantilevers with a new series of

rectangular cantilevers. In their product flyer features the headline of “a rectangular cantilever to minimize lateral forces”, the discovery that

John reported less than 18 months ago. They also state that the new cantilevers offer superior performance in “nearly every facet of operation”,

supporting John’s recommendations.

Given the short timeline since announcement of the discovery, its appearance on the international market is truly significant. With the key operating

principle of the V-shaped cantilever removed, and leading manufacturers moving towards rectangular designs, the stage is now set for the global

usage of rectangular cantilever in AFM applications.

Professor David Boger announced over 18 months ago that he

would retire at the end of 2004 and in doing so step down as

Director of the PFPC. It was at this time that Professor Tom Healy

also announced he would step aside as Deputy Director. Given that

this was decided at the start of 2003 there has been ample time for

succession planning by the Centre’s Executive and Advisory Board

and smooth implementation of this succession plan. As a result of

these changes to the Directorship the Australian Research Council

(ARC) conducted an adhoc review of the Centre in November. Soon

after this review the ARC advised The University of Melbourne that

they had approved the appointment of Professor Geoff Stevens as

Director of the PFPC. Professor Franz Grieser will join Professor Derek

Chan as the Deputy Directors of the Centre from 2005.

Geoff along with Derek and Franz have been involved in this unique

colloidal and interfacial science and technology group here at

The University of Melbourne since the conception of the PFPC’s

predecessor (the AMPC) in the early 1990’s. The passing of the baton

from the first generation of this group (Healy, Boger and White) to

the second generation (Stevens, Chan and Grieser) is now complete.

Geoff, a Professor of Chemical Engineering, has an excellent record in

research leadership and management. His expertise is in interfacial

phenomena associated with the transfer of molecules across

interfaces, particularly separation processes, such as solvent

extraction and ion exchange as well as emulsion stability. Geoff has

been playing a key role in both the Liquid-Liquid Systems and Solid-

Liquid Systems research programs of the PFPC.

David and Tom have been integral members of the Centre and both will

remain actively involved in the PFPC in their semi-retirement. David

will take on the role as Chair of the Advisory Board and Tom as Chair

of the new Scientific Advisory Committee to be formed in 2005.

Continued from front page

Passing the Baton

Incoming PFPC Director Geoff Stevens (left) shown here with incoming

Deputy Director Franz Grieser (right)

Members of the PFPC will receive over $6 million in new Australian

Research Council (ARC) funding following the announcement of the

results from the 2004 funding round.

Fifteen new grants have been awarded to members of the PFPC

including nine ARC Discovery grants, three ARC Linkage–Infrastructure

Equipment & Facilities (LIEF) grants and two ARC Linkage Project

grants along with one National Health and Medical Research Council

(NHMRC) Project grant. Many of the new grants involve the Centre’s

research and industry collaborators within Australia and overseas.

Included in this new funding is a LIEF grant totalling $932,870 which

will enable the purchase of state of the art equipment for a Materials

and Surface Characterisation Facility. PFPC members involved in this

grant include Professor Frank Caruso, A/Professor Dave Dunstan,

A/Professor Paul Mulvaney, Professor Jannie van Deventer, Dr Grant

Lukey, and Professor Geoff Stevens along with the Centre’s new

Federation Fellow Professor William Ducker. The multi-user facility

will provide PFPC researchers and other research groups across

the University of Melbourne, Monash University, RMIT University

and CSIRO with a suite of analytical instruments essential in the

development of advanced materials.

Two ARC Discovery project grants in the nanomaterials area were

also awarded. A/Professors Paul Mulvaney and John Sader in

collaboration with Professor Luis Liz-Marzán (Univ. of Vigo, Spain),

Dr Greg Hartland (Univ. of Notre Dame, USA) and Dr Michael Giersig

(CAESAR, Germany) will receive $1 million over 5 years for an ARC

Discovery project that will explore how ultrasmall mechanical devices

made from molecules and small crystals work. Federation Fellow

Professor Frank Caruso and Dr John Quinn along with collaborator

Professor Tom Davis (Univ. of NSW) were also awarded a 5 year grant

totalling $1.3 million that will use advanced polymer chemistry to

develop “smart” polymers that can controllably respond to changes in

their surroundings. These “smart nanomaterials” are expected to find

application in the agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors. This grant

includes an Australian Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to PFPC

researcher John Quinn.

Professor Peter Scales was successful with two ARC Linkage

project grant applications. Peter in collaboration with fellow PFPC

ARC and NHMRC Grant Funding Success member Dr Ross de Kretser and industry partner Rio Tinto will receive

$240,000 over 3 years from the ARC for a project that aims to provide

a quantitative basis for selection, design, operation and maintenance

of filter devices. The findings from this project are expected to

reduce the incidence of poor operational outcomes for filter presses

and provide a sound basis for the maintenance of filter cloths and

membranes used by the minerals industry. Peter in collaboration with

PFPC Industrial Fellow Dr David Dixon and industry partner Fonterra

Cooperative Group Limited was also awarded a 3 year grant totaling

$288,882 which will aid in determining the best choice of dewatering

methodologies for the treatment and disposal of wastes which will

allow for better strategic design and management of waste treatment

options for the dairy industry.

Other ARC Discovery grants awarded to researchers associated with

the PFPC included the following:

A/Professor Michelle Gee in collaboration with Dr Andrew Clayton

and A/Professor Ed Nice (Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research) for

a project titled “Probing membrane rafts using surface-selective

multi-dimensional microscopy”, Total: $410,000 over 3 years

Professor Franz Grieser and Dr Muthupandian Ashokkumar in

collaboration with Dr Gareth Price (Univ. of Bath, England), Dr Tom

Matula (Univ. of Washington, USA) and Dr Kyuichi Yasui (AIST, Japan)

for a project titled “Control of acoustic cavitation in complex fluids”,

Total: $345,000 over 3 years

Dr Grant Lukey and Professor Jannie Van Deventer for a project titled

“Design of advanced geopolymeric materials based on nanostructural

characterisation and modelling”, Total: $238,000 over 3 years

Dr Andrea O’Connor and A/Professor Kerry Landman in collaboration

with A/Professor Justin Cooper-White (Univ. of Queensland) and Dr

David Leavesley (Queensland Univ. of Technology) for a project titled

“Mastering the microenvironment - Integrated, functional, biosynthetic

scaffolds for tissue engineering”, Total: $460,000 over 3 years.

Dr Jilska Perera in collaboration with Dr Spas Kolev (Univ. of

Melbourne) and Professor Robert Cattrall (La Trobe Univ.) for a project

titled “New extraction membranes and beads for use in industrial

separation”, Total: $345,000 over 3 years

54

Dr Antoinnette Tordesillas for a project titled “Seeing the discrete

in a continuum: an integrated numerical-rheological-experimental

approach towards high resolution micromechanical continuum

models of granular media”, Total: $178,000 over 3 years

Professor David Boger will also be involved as a Partner Investigator

on an ARC Discovery grant awarded to A/Professor Justin Cooper-

White, A/Prof Malcolm Davidson (Univ. of Melbourne) and PFPC Board

Member Professor Gareth McKinley (MIT, USA) for a project titled

“Micro Process Plants - Non-Newtonian flow and particle synthesis

in confined geometries”, Total $965,000 over 5 years.

Members of the PFPC were also involved in two other successful ARC

LIEF Grant applications.

Continued from page 3

The July – December period was a busy time for PFPC members with

a number of them playing major roles in conferences around the

Asia-Pacific region.

During the week of 23 August the XIVth International Congress on

Rheology was held in Seoul, Korea. More than 650 people from all

over the world attended the Congress, organised by the Korean

Society of Rheology. Professor David Boger was the Opening Plenary

Speaker at the Congress, where he delivered a lecture “From macro

to microscopic flows”. Professor Peter Scales presented an Invited

Keynote Lecture “The compression rheology of suspensions”, while

students Lucy Rodd and Joeska Husny also presented papers. The

PFPC has a very close friendship with the Korean rheology community.

Peter is now President of the Australian Society of Rheology and

this year represented the Asia-Pacific region on the International

Committee on Rheology. Australia and Korea publish a joint journal,

The Korea-Australia Rheology Journal. David will take on the role of

Australian Editor of this journal in his retirement.

Key PFPC Participation at Asia-Pacific Conferences

From left to right are: Professor Jae Hyun, Korea University, who

was the conference organiser of the XIVth International Congress on

Rheology; Professor Manfred Wagner, Berlin Technical University, who

is the new International Secretary of the International Committee on

Rheology; Professor Ki-Jun Lee, Emeritus President of Seoul National

University, eminent chemical engineer and rheologist who has played

a major role in bringing the chemical engineering communities in

Korea and Australia closer; and on the right is Professor David Boger.

Dunstan, who is a member of the PFPC. Professor David Boger

opened the conference with a Plenary Lecture, entitled “Exploiting the

rheology of hydrocolloids”. Professor Frank Caruso also presented a

Plenary Lecture entitled “Nanoengineered colloid-based materials

for controlled delivery” and PhD Student Alex Lubansky, presented

a paper at the Conference. A range of topics were covered during

the conference including molecular structure and interactions, novel

characterisation methods, rheology, hydrocolloids in emulsions/

surface chemistry, and applications to food, dairy, medical and the

pharmaceutical industries.

During September the 2004 Australia-Japan Symposium was held

as part of the 57th Divisional Meeting on Colloid and Interface

Chemistry of the Chemical Society of Japan. The Divisional Meeting

had 650 registrants and 7 parallel sessions with some 400 papers

and 188 posters. It was pleasing to see that the Australia-Japan

session covered as much as any other session of the Divisional

Meeting over the 3 days. It is a clear indication of the overwhelming

success of the Australia-Japan Symposium. Professor Tom Healy

along with Professor Neil Furlong, Professor Toyoki Kunitake and

Professor Yoshio Okahata were the key instigators behind the first

Australia-Japan Colloid Conference, held in Fukuoka, Japan in 1992.

The Australia-Japan Symposium has helped to establish extensive

collaborative research efforts between Australia and Japan. The

PFPC was represented at this most recent meeting, by Professor Tom

Healy, Professor Franz Grieser, Professor Geoff Stevens, Professor

Derek Chan and Dr Benno Radt, who all presented valued papers.

This followed in early October with the 6th Engineering Conference

International Meeting on Separations Technology, at Fraser Island,

Queensland, Australia. The conference focussed on the engineering

challenges of capture and reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions,

supply of economic and safe urban water and the development of low

environmental footprint minerals extraction processes. Conference

attendees came from around the globe including Europe, USA, Japan,

China as well as Australia. Incoming PFPC Director Professor Geoff

Stevens was a member of the International Organizing Committee.

Geoff along with fellow PFPC members Professor Peter Scales and

PhD students Kelly Yung and Julianna Franco represented the Centre

at this Meeting.

The PFPC is proud to have played a major role in these conferences.

Immediately after the Korean congress, during the week of 30 August,

members of the PFPC attended the 7th International Hydrocolloids

Conference, in Melbourne organised by Associate Professor Dave

Welcome to the following researchers and students who recently

joined the PFPC.

Postdoctoral Research Fellows

Dr Anthony James is a Royal Society Visiting Fellow (UK) working in the

Nanostructured Interfaces and Materials group led by Professor Frank

Caruso where he will be patterning particles through metallisation.

Dr Angus Johnston has joined Professor Frank Caruso’s

Nanostructured Interfaces and Materials group. Angus will be

investigating thin films of biopolymer layers.

Will Mulholland is a recipient of an 1851 Research Fellowship from

the Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851, UK. He will be

studying novel drug delivery systems.

Chris Rigby has joined the Contaminated Site Remediation in

Antarctica research program led by Professor Geoff Stevens. Chris

will be overseeing the implementation of a pilot scale permeable

reactive barrier for an oil spill near Casey Station, Antarctica.

Dr Alexander Zelikin is a Research Fellow conducting research

in the Nanostructured Interfaces and Materials group led by

Professor Frank Caruso. One of his key activities will be to study

DNA particle formation.

New PFPC MembersDr Meifang Zhou is working with Dr Rachel Caruso on the synthesis

and characterisation of mixed metal oxides produced using

templating techniques. This research has application in the areas of

photocatalysis and semiconductors.

Postgraduate Students

Daniel Fisher (MEngSci, part-time)

Rheological study of nickel laterite slurries in processing environments

Supervisors: P Scales and D V Boger

Jonathan Foong (PhD)

Yielding and flow of nano-particle dispersions

Supervisor: P Scales

Hai Thanh Nguyen (PhD)

Bioactive scaffolds for tissue engineering

Supervisors: A O’Connor and G W Stevens

Edin Nuhiji (PhD)

Application of quantum dots to genetic analysis

Supervisors: P Mulvaney and K Poetter

A/Professor Paul Mulvaney in collaboration with colleagues from the

University of Melbourne and other Universities for a grant titled “High-

speed ultracentrifuge facility with sensitive scanning optics for the

analysis of interacting biomolecules”, Total $512,744

Professor Geoff Stevens in collaboration with colleagues across

several Universities is involved in a grant titled “Advanced surface

imaging and spectroscopy facility”, Total $406,000

In addition to these ARC grants, an NHMRC project grant was awarded

to A/Professor Michelle Gee (Chief Investigator) and Dr Ray Dagastine

(Associate Investigator) along with fellow collaborator Professor

Michael Hill from the University of NSW. This 3 year grant (totaling

$409,750) will be administered by the University of NSW and is entitled

“Adaptive Behaviour of the Arteriolar Wall”.

I commenced postgraduate studies at the University of Melbourne in 2000, under the supervision of Professor Geoff Stevens. This research focussed on the development of site remediation technologies for cold regions, resulting in the design, construction and commissioning of a mobile water treatment system specifically for use at remote cold-regions contaminated sites. The water treatment system was used to treat waters from a former waste disposal site near Casey Station in Antarctica, during removal of wastes and contaminated sediments, to prevent dispersal of contaminants into the nearby marine environment. The water treatment technologies and methods developed for the site clean-up project in Antarctica have been shown to be effective for prevention of contaminant dispersal.

The Antarctic project that I was involved in as a PFPC student is a perfect example of the benefit of cross-discipline expertise available within the PFPC. In order to

PFPC Graduate Profile

design and optimise the water treatment system, I collaborated with a number of chemists and engineers, as well as utilised many of the new analytical techniques and mathematical theories developed by members of the PFPC.

Since graduating from the PFPC in April 2004 I have commenced a 12 month research fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Working as a guest researcher in the Environmental Engineering Department at the Kanazawa Institute of Technology in Japan I am researching the removal of dissolved metal contamination from waters using novel ion-exchangers/adsorbents. The PFPC and Kanazawa Institute of Technology have been involved in a collaborative research effort in metal ion extraction since 2002 and I look forward to contributing to this collaboration and continuing my association with the PFPC.

Dr Kathy NorthcottKanazawa Institute of Technology, Japan

Kathy (second from right) with her research students at the Kanazawa Institute of Technology,

Japan. As a result of the success of Kathy’s PhD she recently received the Alstom Power award

for engineering excellence, jointly awarded by IEAust and IchemE. This award is in recognition of

outstanding contributions in the industrial field from a chemical engineer under 30 years of age.

6

Coinciding with the PFPC’s Advisory Board Meeting the

Particulate Fluids Processing Centre held a half day Symposium

on Tuesday 9 November. The Symposium provided PFPC students

and staff with the opportunity to hear from an impressive line up

of internationally distinguished scientists and engineers. PFPC

Advisory Board Members Professor Brig Moudgil, Dr Richard

Buscall and Professor Graeme Jameson participated in the

symposium along with the PFPC’s Professor David Boger and

Professor Tom Healy.

The Symposium opened with a presentation by Professor Brij

Moudgil, Director of the Particle Engineering Research Centre at

the University of Florida, USA entitled “Nanoengineered particulate

based systems for enhanced performance in microelectronics,

pharmaceutics and process industries”. Brij is Director of a

Centre funded by the National Science Foundation in the USA,

a funding scheme for research centres that is analogous to

the ARC’s funding scheme for Special Research Centres.

Dr Richard Buscall, from the ICI Strategic Technology Group,

UK followed with a very entertaining talk on “Growth of

colloidal particles and microphases by controlled precipitation”.

Richard has had a long association with the Centre and took

the opportunity to revisit some of the research that he and

PFPC member Professor Peter Scales collaborated on in the

late 1980’s.

Introduced by Professor David Boger as “one of Australia’s

living treasures” Professor Graeme Jameson, inventor of the

Australian Jameson cell, gave a presentation on “Bubbles,

drops and particles” highlighting several of the research

projects that are being undertaken in the ARC Special Research

Centre for Multiphase Processes in Newcastle, NSW of

which he is Director. Graeme’s visit led to fruitful discussions

with PFPC researchers and it is hoped that a new collaborative

research project between the two centres will be established in

the not too distant future.

Professor Tom Healy talked on one of his favourite research topics

(“The electrical double layer at non-polar solid and liquid-aqueous

interfaces”) which highlighted an area of research that he has

been re-examining of late which he first began with Professor

Doug Fuerstenau, of the University of California, Berkeley in

the 1960’s. The symposium concluded with Professor Boger

discussing some very exciting observations in the field of

microfluidics in a presentation titled “From macroscopic to

microscopic flows: something old, something new, and something

very new”.

We were delighted that Professor Jae Chun Hyun, who is Director

of the Applied Rheology Center (ARC) at Korea University, in Seoul

also had the opportunity to present an overview of his Centre and

research during his visit.

We thank our Board Members for participating in the Symposium

and for providing staff and students with the opportunity to hear

about their exciting research programs.

PFPC Symposium

PFPC Advisory Board Members Professor Brig Moudgil,

Professor Jae Chun Hyun, Professor Tom Healy, Dr Richard

Buscall, Professor David Boger and Professor Graeme Jameson.

7

Congratulations to the following PFPC

students who have recently completed

the requirements of the degree of Doctor

of Philosophy.

Rohan Tronson (PhD)

The effect of surface active solutes on

sonoluminescence in aqueous solutions

Supervisors: F Grieser and

M Ashokkumar

Christina Yip (PhD)

The role of calcium in geopolymerisation

Supervisors: J van Deventer and G Lukey

Millie Wan (PhD)

The kinetics and mechanism of the

micelle-to-vesicle transition in catanioic

surfactant solutions

Supervisors: A O’Connor and F Grieser

Andrei Woinarski (PhD)

Development of natural zeolite

permeable reactive barrier for the

treatment of contaminated waters

in Antarctica

Supervisors: G Stevens and M Connor

Recent Graduates

8

As the Shell Graduate fellow, I completed

my PhD in Chemical Engineering in 2002

from Carnegie Mellon University, USA

on colloidal force measurements using

atomic force microscopy (AFM) and total

internal reflection microscopy. I came

to the PFPC for a two year international

postdoctoral research fellowship funded by

the National Science Foundation to study

the interactions between emulsion droplets

using AFM. These fellowships are designed

to encourage US researchers to make

research connections and gain experience

outside the US.

I was initially attracted to the PFPC as a host

institution for my fellowship based on the

centre’s world renowned reputation for high

quality research in colloids and the diversity

in research background of the people in the

PFPC. The other significant aspect to me

was that the PFPC provided the opportunity

to learn about new areas and expand my

research directions because of the diversity

of the people and research at the centre.

I have found the last two years to be the

most exciting and engaging of my research

career. In collaboration with researchers

across the PFPC we have made some

exciting discoveries in examining both the

behavior of surface forces between oil

droplets and the hydrodynamic drainage

between droplets on a length scale never

before examined by using AFM. I have

also had the opportunity to work in other

PFPC research areas including froth

flotation, diatom adhesion to surfaces, and

studying the dynamic forces and stability in

nanoparticle synthesis.

In September I was appointed as a senior

lecturer in the Department of Chemical

and Biomolecular Engineering, here at the

University of Melbourne. I plan to establish

a research program in the area of the

interaction forces in “soft colloids” and

complex fluids and apply this expertise to

problems relevant to living systems on the

cellular level. I look forward to continuing to

be a part of the PFPC.

Dr Raymond R. Dagastine

9

PFPC Staff Member ProfilesPFPC Staff Member Profiles

After finishing a 5 year University degree

majoring in Chemistry at the University of

Neuchatel, I worked for 6 months at Novartis,

a pharmaceutical company based in Wallis,

in the south of Switzerland. I then started

my PhD also at the University of Neuchatel,

with Professor Helen Stoeckli-Evans in

collaboration with Professor David Fenton,

at the University of Sheffield, England.

My PhD thesis focussed on the synthesis

and characterization of tetra-substituted

pyrazine based organic ligands and their

bi-complexation with metallic ions, which

have great potential as magnetic materials.

In 2003, I received a 1 year postdoctoral

fellowship from the Swiss National

Science Foundation to do research in the

PFPC’s Nanoparticle Lab led by Associate

Professor Paul Mulvaney. His research

is quite diverse and I was very interested

in combining research with both the AFM

and nanoparticles. My main project here

in the PFPC is based on fabricating 2D

and 3D arrays of CdSe@ZnS quantum dots

(QDs) and studying their properties using

confocal microscopy, AFM and near-

field scanning optical microscopy. Such

systems show potential for a large range

of applications, including photonic crystals

used in waveguides or information storage.

I am also interested in working in the general

area of atomic force microscopy (AFM)

particularly imaging and characterization

of cantilevers. I have found my time here at

the PFPC very interesting so much so that

I decided to apply for a 6 month extension

to my fellowship which I am happy to say

was successful.

Collaboration is I think the main key in

science and research. The PFPC seminar

program run every fortnight is a good

opportunity to share information and ideas

between researchers. I have to admit that

one of the funniest moments, since arriving

in Australia occurred when I first attended a

PFPC seminar - I was listening to a speaker

wearing a T-shirt, shorts and thongs…this is

very Australian I think… Switzerland is far

too cold for this and the general strictness

of Swiss people might not have allowed it.

I definitely appreciate the relaxed way of

presenting seminars in Australia!

Dr Jessica Pacifico

6 July

Sreeraj Balachandran

“Feeling seasick? Enhancing the

supercritical extraction of ginger

using ultrasound”

Felix Meiser

“Fluorescent rare earth doped

nanoparticles as biolabel”

20 July

Ainul Aziz

“Electrically enhanced dewatering”

3 August

Qi Li

“pH-responsive nanoblended thin films

and induced porosity”

Judy Lee

“How SDS and pulsing affect inertial

cavitation activity”

24 August

Emma Prime

“Adding biological functionality to

polymers for soft tissue engineering”

31 August

Will Goodall

“A new method for identification of

preg-robbing in gold ores”

Dimetre Triadis

“Sharp indentation of linear elastic solids”

14 September

David Verrelli

“How to make sludge and influence

dewatering”

Timothy Carter

“Modification of titanium dioxide for

dye-sensitised solar cell application”

Internal Staff & Student Seminars

28 September

Stuart Walsh

“A thermomechanical formulation of finite

element schemes for micropolar continua”

Xavier Duthie

“Thermal dependence of carbon

dioxide transport through dense

polymeric membranes”

12 October

Sarah Glasson

“The role of the interface in

solvent extraction”

Ritu Singla

“Sonochemical degradation of chemical

pollutants in aqueous solutions”

26 October

Alex Lubansky

“Using extensional rheology to measure

hydrocolloid conformation”

Sindhunata

“The effect of elevated curing temperature

to the pore structure of fly ash based

geopolymers”

23 November

Jack Jasieniak

“Stable dispersions of CdSe nanocrystals

in solvent and ‘polymeric’ systems”

7 December

Neesan Yap

“Direct measurement of force interaction

between a single particle and a single

air bubble”

Daniel Gomez

“Surface chemistry of single CdSe QDs”

1110

Muthupandian Ashokkumar visited

the University of Washington,

Seattle, USA from 8-14 November to

conduct a series of experiments using

the Active Cavitation Detector in the

Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). The

Active Cavitation Detector was used to

measure the “inertial cavitation activity”

of microbubbles in aqueous solutions

containing a number of surface active

solutes. The effects of ultrasound power,

pulse length and pulse repetition frequency

on the extent of inertial cavitation activity

were investigated in collaboration with

Dr Tom Matula at APL during this visit.

Whilst in the USA, Ashok also attended

the 148th Meeting of the Acoustical

Society of America in San Diego from

15-19 November.

Sasha Boskovic visited the Department

of Applied Physics, at Curtin University

of Technology, Western Australia to

undertake small angle x-ray scattering

(SAXS) experiments with Dr Craig Buckley

(22-27 August)

Steve Carnie was a member of the

Organizing Committee for CTAC2004,

Melbourne, Victoria 2004 held from

27 September to 1 October

Ray Dagastine travelled to the UK

in September to attend the Faraday

Discussion a129: Structure and Dynamics

at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces, at the University

of Cambridge, Cambridge, followed by

the EURESCO Conference: Interfaces and

Colloidal Systems, in Giens, France. During

the visit to England Ray met with Professor

Paul Luckham at Imperial College, London,

UK to discuss experimental methods.

A number of students who undertake their postgraduate degrees with the PFPC have the

opportunity to conduct part of their project in a leading international laboratory. Although

these visits are typically 2-3 months some students conduct more extensive studies with our

international research collaborators. PFPC student John Provis has recently commenced an

extended visit to a key university in the USA.

I am currently spending 12 months working in the Department of Materials Science and

Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, continuing my PhD project on

mathematical modelling of the structure and synthesis mechanism of amorphous aluminosilicate

geopolymers. I am working here with Professor Trudy Kriven, an Australian who has been in the

USA for over 20 years. Trudy is collaborating with PFPC researchers on several geopolymer-

related projects. My research here is funded by an Australian-American Fulbright Postgraduate

Scholarship, the PFPC and The University of Melbourne.

The change of research focus from Chemical Engineering to Materials Science has been a

very interesting experience for me, with the language divide between the two fields almost as

challenging to overcome as the change from speaking Australian to trying to speak American!

The life of an American PhD student is very different to that of an Australian student, with the

first few years of the program focussed mainly on coursework. I’m not actually taking any of

these courses, but I have been able to sit in on some lectures and seminars which have given me

a look at a completely different style of postgraduate program to anything I’ve seen in Australia.

My time here in the USA is providing me with an amazing array of opportunities, both research-

related and otherwise.

John Provis

Attended the America Institute of Chemical

Engineers, Annual Meeting, Austin, Texas,

USA in November.

Sandra Kentish travelled to Japan in

September to visit Meiji University

and the National Institute of Materials

Science. Sandra was also invited to give

a Departmental Seminar at the Tokyo

Institute of Technology on “Teaching

Chemical Engineering at the University

of Melbourne”.

Attended the 7th International Conference

on Greenhouse Gas Technologies, in

Vancouver, Canada, in September. She

signed a Memorandum of Understanding

on behalf of the University of Melbourne,

between our own institution, the University

of Regina in Canada, the University of Texas

in the US and the Norwegian University

of Science and Technology in order to

promote and strengthen research

collaboration into post-combustion capture

of carbon dioxide.

In October, Sandra was invited to present

a paper and participate in the Energy and

Environment Workshop of the Australian

China Symposium conducted by the

Australian Academy of Technological

Sciences and Engineering and the

Australian Academy of Science, on behalf

of the Australian Department of Education,

Science and Training, with the Chinese

Academy of Science.

Stuart Prescott attended the 18th

Conference of the European Colloid and

Interface Society and 27th Australasian

Polymer Symposium. During a visit to the

UK in September he visited a number of

research groups to discuss possible future

interactions, particularly on the polymer/

surface chemistry front, including visits to:

• Professor Terence Cosgrove, School of

Chemistry, University of Bristol, UK

• Dr Karen Edler and Dr Gareth Price,

Department of Chemistry University of

Bath, UK

• Professor Peter Lovell, Manchester

Materials Science Centre, University of

Manchester, UK

• Dr Steven Rimmer, Department of

Chemistry, University of Sheffield, UK

• Professor Richard Jones, Department

of Physics and Astronomy, University of

Sheffield, UK

• Professor Athene Donald, Cavendish

Laboratory, Cambridge University, UK

Geoff Stevens

• Attended the Victorian Geosequestration

Stakeholder Workshop, organised by

the Department of Primary Industries on

5 August 2004

• Visited Tsinghua University, China to plan

the ISEC ’05 conference and also discuss

collaboration, 27-29 September 2004

• Attended a Bioremediation Planning

Meeting, Australian Antarctic Division,

Melbourne, Australia, 15 November 2004

• Member of the International Organizing

Committee for the ECI Separations

Technology VI: New Perspectives on

Very Large-Scale Operations, Fraser

Island, Queensland, Australia held from

3-8 October 2004.

Shane Usher In July, Shane was a Visiting

Fellow in the Department of Mathematics,

at The University of Stuttgart, Germany

where he worked with Raimund Bürger on

numerical methods for the prediction of

solid-liquid separation processes, such as

thickeners and centrifuges.

Shane also visited numerous leading

research groups in Europe and the USA

with interests in rheology, dewatering,

water treatment and wastewater treatment

throughout July and August. The purpose

of these visits was to explain experimental

and computational methods employed at

the University of Melbourne and also to

gain an appreciation of methods employed

in other leading research institutions.

The institutions and lead researchers

visited included:

• Dr Werner Stahl, Karlsruhe University,

Germany

• Dr Kristian Keiding, University of Aalborg,

Denmark

• Professor Gareth McKinley, MIT, USA

• Professor Lee White, Carnegie Mellon

University, Pittsburgh, USA

• Professor John Novak, Virginia Tech.,

Ronoake, Virginia, USA

• Professor Steve Dentel, University of

Delaware, Delaware, USA

• Dr Karsten Keller, DuPont, Delaware, USA

• Professor Charles Zukowski, University of

Illinois, USA

Topics of discussion included the effects

of shear in dewatering processes,

filtration test rig development, drying in

vacuum filtration and technology transfer.

A mathematical analysis of long time

behaviour in batch sedimentation was also

commenced with Professor Lee White of

Carnegie Mellon University.

Student AbroadStudent AbroadTravel & ConferencesTravel & Conferences

1312

Other Awards and Achievements

Clare Anderson

Awarded an Australian Institute of Energy

Postgraduate Award for “The Best CO2

Capture Project” in August 2004 ($750)

Full Sponsorship from the Australian

Institute of Energy to attend the World

Energy Congress, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Muthupandian Ashokkumar

Invited to act as Guest Editor,

Sonochemistry Special Issue, Research on

Chemical Intermediates, 30, Issue 7/8, 2004

Peter Duxson

Awarded a NanoTAP award from the

Nanostructural Analysis Network

Organisation (a Major National Research

Facility) to cover costs associated with

travel to and use of instrumentation at

the University of New South Wales,

NSW, Australia.

Xavier Duthie

Awarded “Best Carbon Capture Paper”

at CO2CRC research symposium 2004, held

in the Yarra Valley, Victoria, Australia from

28 November – 1 December.

Elisabeth Hill

Received Elsevier Ltd’s “Synthetic Metals

Postdoctoral Researcher Award for

outstanding oral presentation” at ICSM

in July.

Louise Keyte

Awarded the “Best Technical Paper

Presentation” award at the International

Symposium of Research Students on

Materials Science and Engineering

conference in Chennai, India in December.

Redmond Lloyd

Awarded a NANO-TAP grant for travel to

and use of instrumentation at University

of New South Wales, NSW, Australia

Grant Lukey

Invited to act as Editor of a Special

Edition of Journal of Materials Science

on Geopolymer Technology

Jessica Pacifico

Received a 6 month extension to her

Swiss National Science Foundation

postdoctoral fellowship to continue

conducting research in the PFPC

John Quinn

Received the 2004 Royal Australian

Chemical Institute (RACI) Polymer

Division Treloar Prize for the best oral

presentation at the 27th Australasian

Polymer Symposium in Adelaide. The

prize is awarded for outstanding oral

presentations by early career polymer

scientists at National or International

Polymer Division Meetings.

Briony Ruse

Represented the University of Melbourne

at the International Council of Women’s

Asia-Pacific Regional Council Seminar,

in Auckland, New Zealand, 3-6 November

Peter Scales

Elected to Fellow of the Institution

of Chemical Engineers in Australia

(FIChemE) and also registered with the

Engineering Council (UK) as a Chartered

Engineer (CEng

received both the Kelvin Medal and

a Faculty of Engineering Teaching

Excellence Award from The University

of Melbourne. She will receive a $10,000

research grant sponsored from the

Faculty for each award. These awards

are in recognition of academics that

demonstrate a commitment to teaching

excellence and outstanding initiatives.

Professor Jannie Van Deventer, Dean of

the Faculty of Engineering and a member

of the PFPC Executive shown here with

Sandra Kentish stated that: “Sandra

clearly demonstrated her commitment to

issues such as transition to the workforce

for final-year students, promotion of the

profession in schools and the development

of tools to improve student learning.”

John Sader

Associate Professor John Sader was

awarded the Woodward Medal in Science

and Technology from The University of

Melbourne. The University of Melbourne’s

Woodward Medal in Science and

Technology is awarded to academics “for

research published in the preceding three

years that is considered to have made the

most significant contribution to knowledge

in a field of science and technology”.

This award is further recognition of John’s

outstanding research efforts, including

Highl ights , Awards & AchievementsDavid Boger

Professor David Boger attended a

ceremony in the UK in December to

accept a Gold Medal from the Council of

the British Society of Rheology. The Gold

Medal is the Society’s highest honour and

in this case was awarded in recognition

of Professor Boger’s outstanding

contribution to the science and

engineering of rheology, particularly in

the areas of particulate systems, fluid

elasticity and the application of rheology

to industrial problems. David is the 14th

recipient of the Gold Medal only 13 had

previously been awarded in the 38 year

history of the award.

The Gold Medal citation for David

stated that :

“David Boger is one of the most

recognizable people in the world in

our area of science – he is readily

recognizable by sight, ‘by sound’ (by

that I refer to his distinctive voice) and

above all, by name and reputation”.

“The 14th medal being awarded today

goes to a man who will make that list

even more impressive than it is already.”

Tom Healy

Professor Tom Healy was selected as a

finalist for the Victorian Senior Australian

of the Year Award 2005 in “recognition of

his contribution to the community and the

nation through his commitment to science,

technology and philanthropy”.

Sandra Kentish

Dr Sandra Kentish received further

recognition of her commitment and

enthusiasm for teaching when she

Sabina Zahirovic

Awarded a Melbourne Abroad Traveling

Scholarship from The University of

Melbourne to present a paper at the

76th Annual American Society of

Rheology meeting, Texas, USA in

February 2005 ($900).

Academic Promotions

Ray Dagastine

Appointed to Senior Lecturer in the

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular

Engineering at The University of

Melbourne. Prior to this appointment

Ray was conducting research in the

PFPC as a recipient of an International

Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from

the National Science Foundation, USA.

Dingwu Feng

Promoted to Senior Research Fellow

Grant Lukey

Promoted to Senior Research Fellow

Peter Scales

Promoted from Associate Professor to

Professor from 1 July 2004

Geoff Stevens

Elected Vice-President of the Academic

Board, The University of Melbourne for the

period 1 August 2004 to 31 December 2005

Media Coverage of Research

Geoff Stevens

Newspaper and radio coverage associated

with latest developments in the area of

tissue engineering

his recent discovery that the commonly

used V-shaped cantilever in atomic force

microscopy studies has a fundamental

design flaw (see cover article in this Bulletin).

Professor John Sader receiving the

University of Melbourne’s Woodward

medal in Science and Technology.

Sabina Zahirovic

The inaugural recipient of The University

of Melbourne’s School of Chemistry

T W Healy Award is PFPC postgraduate

student Sabina Zahirovic. The T W Healy

Award will assist postgraduate students

with travel expenses associated with

conference attendance. The $2000 award

will support Sabina to travel to the USA

to present her research at the 76th Annual

American Society of Rheology,

in Texas, in Feb 2005.

Other Other Other

1514

J E Sader and S P Jarvis “Interpretation of frequency modulation atomic force spectroscopy in terms of fractional calculus” Phys. Rev. B 70: 012303 (2004)

P J Scales, D R Dixon, P J Harbour and A D Stickland “The fundamentals of waste water sludge characterization and filtration” Water Sci. Technol. 49(10): 67-72 (2004)

P Schuetz and F Caruso “Semiconductor and metal nanoparticle formation on polymer spheres coated with weak polyelectrolyte multilayers” Chem. Mater. 16: 3066 (2004)

R Singla, M Ashokkumar and F Grieser “The mechanism of sonochemical degradation of benzoic acid in aqueous solutions” Res. Chem. Intermed. 30: 735-753 (2004)

T Uchihashi, M J Higgins, S Yasuda, S P Jarvis, S Akita, Y Nakayama and J E Sader “Quantitative force measurements in liquid using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85: 3575-3577 (2004)

J S J van Deventer, D Feng and A J Burger “The transport phenomena at the pulp-froth interface in a flotation column: I. recovery profiles” Int. J. Min. Process. 74(1-4): 201-215 (2004)

J S J van Deventer, D Feng and A J Burger “The transport phenomena at the pulp-froth interface in a flotation column: II. detachment” Int. J. Min. Process. 74(1-4): 217-231 (2004)

Y Wang and F Caruso “Enzyme encapsulation in nanoporous silica spheres” Chem. Commun. 1528 (2004)

Y Wang and F Caruso “Macroporous zeolitic membrane bioreactors” Adv. Functional Mater. 14: 1012 (2004)

D B Warren, F Grieser, J M Perera and G W Stevens “Kinetics and the effects of electrostatic surface potential on nickel (II) extraction by 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime (LIX84) in a micellar phase” Colloids Surf., A 243: 127-132 (2004)

Refereed conference papers

R R Dagastine, M A Bevan, L R White and D C Prieve “Effect of roughness on Van Der Waals attraction” Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Adhesion Society, 115-117 (2004)

P Duxson, G C Lukey, W M Kriven and J S J van Deventer “Microstructural characterisation of metakaolin-based geopolymers” Proceedings of 106th Annual Meeting & Exposition of the American Ceramic Society - Building a Better World with Ceramic Technology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (2004)

E K Hill, K L Chan, A B Holmes and D E Dunstan “Fluorescence spectroscopy of poly (p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives in flow” Conference Proceedings, ICSM 2004, MADT42V, ISBN 1-74128-061-3 (2004)

E K Hill, Y Wei and D E Dunstan “Direct measurement of polymer segment orientation and distortion in shear: semi-dilute solution behavior of a conjugated system” Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems: Third International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems, AIP Conference Proceedings, 708, ISBN 0-7354-0183-7, 209-212 (2004)

J L Provis, G C Lukey and D C Shallcross “An improved model for binary system ion exchange equilibria” Proceedings of International Ion Exchange Conference (IEX2004), Cambridge, UK (2004)

J L Provis, G C Lukey and J S J van Deventer “A conceptual model for solid-gel transformations in partially reacted geopolymeric systems” Proceedings of 106th Annual Meeting & Exposition of the American Ceramic Society - Building a Better World with Ceramic Technology, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (2004)

J L Provis and J S J van Deventer “Geopolymerisation - a mechanistic and mathematical model” Proceedings of 32nd Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (Chemeca 2004 – Sustainable Processes), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2004)

C A Rees, G C Lukey and J S J van Deventer “The use of solid-silicate sources to form novel geopolymeric materials” Proceedings of 32nd Australasian Chemical Engineering Conference (Chemeca 2004 – Sustainable Processes), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (2004)

P J Scales, A A A Aziz and B Gladman “The compressional rheology of suspensions” Proceedings from XIVth International Congress on Rheology, Seoul, Korea (2004)

H Xu, G C Lukey and J S J van Deventer “The activation of Class C-, Class F- fly ash and blast furnace slag using geopolymerisation” 8th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Las Vegas, California, USA (2004)

J A Chamberlain, D J Horrobin, K A Landman and J E Sader “Upper and lower bounds for incipient failure in a body under gravitational loading” J. Appl. Mech. 71: 586-589 (2004)

J W M Chon, M Gu, C Bullen and P Mulvaney “Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals” Appl. Phys. Lett. 88: 4472-4474 (2004)

R R Dagastine, M A Bevan, L R White and D C Prieve “Calculation of Van der Waals forces with diffuse coatings: applications to roughness and adsorbed polymers” J. Adhes. 80: 365-394 (2004)

R R Dagastine and F Grieser “Monitoring charge displacement at the silver/solution interface using atomic force microscopy force” Langmuir 20: 6742-6747 (2004)

D E Dunstan, E K Hill and Y Wei “Direct measurement of polymer segment orientation and distortion in shear: semi-dilute solution behaviour” Polymer 45(4): 1261-1266 (2004)

D E Dunstan, E K Hill and Y Wei “Direct measurement of polydiacetylene 4-butoxycarbonylmethylurethane segment orientation and distortion in shear: semi-dilute solutions” Macromolecules 37(4): 1663-1665 (2004)

D Feng and C Aldrich “Adsorption of heavy metals by biomaterials derived from the marine alga Ecklonia” Hydrometallurgy 73(1-2): 1-10 (2004)

D Feng and C Aldrich “Recovery of chromite fines from wastewater streams by column flotation” Hydrometallurgy 72(3-4): 319-325 (2004)

D Feng and C Aldrich “Effect of ultrasonication on the flotation of talc” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43: 4422-4427 (2004)

D Feng and C Aldrich “Influence of operating parameters on the flotation of apatite” Miner. Eng. 17: 453-455 (2004)

D Feng, J S J van Deventer and C Aldrich “Removal of pollutants from acid mine wastewater using metallurgical by-product slags” Sep. Purif. Technol. 40: 61-67 (2004)

Y Hamanaka, K Fukuta, A Nakamura, L M Liz-Marzán and P Mulvaney “Enhancement of third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities in silica-capped Au nanoparticle films with very high concentrations” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84: 4938-4940 (2004)

Y Hamanaka, K Fukuta, A Nakamura, L M Liz-Marzán and P Mulvaney “Ultrafast non-linear optical response in silica capped gold nanoparticle films” J. Lumin. 108: 365-369 (2004)

Book ChaptersH J Bart and G W Stevens “Reactive solvent extraction” In Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction, 17: 37-83, Y Marcus and A K Sengupta (Eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, USA (2004)

A Daehler, G W Stevens and A J O’Connor “Bioadsorption and separation with nanoporous materials” In Nanoporous Materials – Science and Engineering, Series on Chemical Engineering 4: 812-848, G Q Lu and X S Zhao (Eds.), Imperial College Press, London, UK (2004)

A J de Mello, J B Edel and E K Hill “Detection of single molecules in liquids” In Encyclopedia of Modern Optics, B D Guenther (Ed.), Elsevier Academic Press, New York, USA (ISBN 0-12-227600-0) (2004)

D E Dunstan, E K Hill, A J MacLeod and K Furphy “Characterisation of pectin gelation using the fluorescent probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulphonic acid” In Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 12: 354-359, P A Williams and G O Phillips (Eds.), RSC press, Cambridge, UK (ISBN 0 85404 891 X) (2004)

G C Lukey and J S J van Deventer “Fundamental developments in understanding the interaction between metal cyanides and functional polymers” In Fundamentals and Applications of Anion Separations, B J Moyer and R P Singh (Eds.), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Inc, New York, USA (2004)

Journal ArticlesA S Angelatos, M I Burgar, N Dunlop and F Separovic “NMR structural elucidation of amino resins” J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 19: 3504–3512 (2004)

M Ashokkumar “Preface: Sonochemistry Special Issue” Res. Chem. Intermed. 30: 683-684 (2004)

S Assemi, P G Hartley, P J Scales and R Beckett “Investigation of adsorbed humic substances using atomic force microscopy” Colloids Surf., A 248: 17-23 (2004)

K E Bremmell and P J Scales “Adhesive forces between adsorbed anionic polyelectrolyte layers in high ionic strength solutions” Colloids Surf., A 247: 19-25 (2004)

C R Bullen and P Mulvaney “Nucleation and growth kinetics of CdSe nanocrystals in octadecene” Nano Lett. 4 (12): 2303-2307 (2004)

Y Cao, M R Davidson, A J O’Connor, G W Stevens and J J Cooper-White “Architecture control of three dimensional polymeric scaffolds for soft tissue engineering I. establishment and validation of numerical models” J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 71A: 81–89 (2004)

T W Healy “On the foundation of COLLOIDS AND SURFACES” Colloids Surf., A 250: 5-7 (2004)

T W Healy “On the founding of IACIS” Colloids Surf., A 250: 9-10 (2004)

S B Johnson, G V Franks and D E Dunstan “A novel thermally activated crosslinking agent for chitosan” Colloid and Polymer Science 282: 602-612 (2004)

K Katagiri and F Caruso “Functionalization of colloids with robust inorganic-based lipid coatings” Macromolecules 37(26): 9947-9953 (2004)

F Meiser, C Cortez and F Caruso “Biofunctionalization of fluorescent rare-earth-doped lanthanum phosphate colloidal nanoparticles” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 43: 5954 (2004)

J Minato, Y-J Kim, H Yamada, Y Watanabe, K Tamura, S Yokoyama, S-B Cho, Y Komatsu and G W Stevens “Alkali-hydrothermal modification of air-classified Korean natural zeolite and their ammonium adsorption behaviors” Sep. Sci. Technol. 39(16): 3739-3751 (2004)

T Nann and P Mulvaney “Single quantum dots in spherical silica particles” Angew. Chem. 43: 5393-96 (2004)

I Pastoriza-Santos, D Gomez, J Perez-Juste, L M Liz-Marzán and P Mulvaney “Optical properties of metal nanoparticle coated silica spheres: a simple effective medium approach” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14: 5056-5063 (2004)

J L Provis, G C Lukey and D C Shallcross “A single-parameter model for binary ion exchange equilibria” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 43(24): 7870-7879 (2004)

J F Quinn and F Caruso “Nano-laminating: a facile route to nanostructured films and coatings” Chemistry in Australia 6: 18-20 (2004)

J F Quinn, J C C Yeo and F Caruso “Layer-by-layer assembly of nanoblended thin films: poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and a binary mixture of a synthetic and natural polyelectrolyte” Macromolecules 37: 6537-6543 (2004)

B Radt, T Smith and F Caruso “Optically addressable nanostructured capsules for controlled delivery” Adv. Mater. 16: 2184 (2004)

J E Sader and S P Jarvis “Accurate formulas for interaction force and energy in frequency modulation force spectroscopy” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84: 1801-1803 (2004)

Extended VisitsDr Kenji OkitsuOsaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan Dr Kenji Okitsu is visiting the PFPC as a Visiting Academic from Osaka Prefecture University from September 2004 to August 2005. Dr Okitsu is collaborating with Professor Franz Grieser and Dr Muthupandian Ashokkumar on the sonochemical synthesis of size and shape controlled metal nanoparticles. He is funded by Osaka Prefecture University during his stay in Melbourne with partial funding from The University of Melbourne’s International Collaborative Research Grant scheme as well as the PFPC.

Short VisitsDr Vincent CraigARC Research Fellow, Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaHeld discussions with researchers in the PFPC and presented a seminar titled “Boundary slip in Newtonian liquids” (5 July)

Professor Dan DavidovThe Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, JerusalemSeminar presented titled “Near-field scanning magnetic resonance imaging of colloidal ferromagnetic particles and dispersed nanoparticles” (8 July)

Drs Neil Shaw & Stephen WireUnilever Research & Development Port Sunlight, United KingdomMet with PFPC researchers and Neil Shaw presented a seminar titled “Using polymer-surfactant interactions to deliver a benefit agent” (12 July)

Professor Antonio Mulet-Pons Agricultural Engineering Department of the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain Met with Sandra Kentish and Muthupandian Ashokkumar to discuss ultrasonics research activities (9 August)

Professor Brian BriscoeDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London, UKSeminar presented titled “The compaction of powders – recent organizations” (19 August)

Dr Orn-anong ArqueroDepartment of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, ThailandHeld discussions with PFPC researchers and the Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (7-19 September)

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