Prof. Mike Gibney- Self Help Africa Conference
49
UCD Institute of Food and Health Hunger is an emotive term Malnutrition is a medical term
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A presentation by Prof. Mike Gibney, leading Irish expert on human nutrition to the conference "Food Security & Climate Change in Africa", that was organised by Self Help Africa and hosted by the School of Agriculture and Food Sciences at University College, Dublin, as part of the programme of activities to mark 'Africa Day', in May 2010.
Transcript of Prof. Mike Gibney- Self Help Africa Conference
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Hunger is an emotive term
Malnutrition is a medical term
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition
Hunger
AcuteChronic
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition
Hunger
AcuteChronic
Recovery
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition
Hunger
AcuteChronic
RecoveryPersists
Premature death
Permanentdisability
Cognitive &physicaldisability
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Chronicmalnutrition
Hunger: Inadequate food (energy) intakes:
Wasting: Inadequate weight for heightStunting: Inadequate height for age
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Chronicmalnutrition
Hunger: Inadequate food (energy) intakes:
Wasting: Inadequate weight for heightStunting: Inadequate height for age
Hidden Hunger = Inadequate micronutrient intakes:
Iron: Anaemia (40% pre-school kids)Vitamin A: Blindness (250m pre-school kids)Iodine: Goiter (54 countries endemic deficiency)
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition – infection cycle
Malnutrition
Impaired immune system
Infection
Increased nutrient requirementsIncreased nutrient losses
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Malnutrition – infection cycle
Malnutrition
Impaired immune system
Infection
Increased nutrient requirementsIncreased nutrient losses
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Global Hunger Index
% of population undernourished +% of children < 5 years low weight +% of childhood mortality <5 years
3
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Global Hunger Index
UCD Institute of Food and Health
None
Low
ModerateSerious
Alarming
Extremelyalarming
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development
-9 to 24The critical period of
nutrient sensitive growth
BrainMusculo-skeletal systems
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 23
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 235-6 years 44
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 235-6 years 44
4- 5 months 64
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Age % of daily energy consumed by the brain
Adult 235-6 years 44
4- 5 months 64Neonate 74
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Connemara
Foals
Mongolian
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Connemara
Foals
Mongolian
Babies
UCD Institute of Food and Health
48 divisions in utero
Neonate @ 3.5 kg 2 Years @ 15 kg
2 divisions
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Healthy post natal trajectory
Critical period
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Healthy post natal trajectory
Critical period
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Two intervention supplementary foods
Atole (A gruel high in energy, protein, micronutrients)
Fresco (A drink, low in energy and micronutrients and zero protein)
Three intervention periods
0 - 24 months, 0 - 36 months & 36 - 72 months
Followed up aged 26-42 years of age (mean 32)
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Mean hourly income at mean age 32 years according to period of intervention (Atole versus Fresca)
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Ten global challenges and the top value solutions
Top 4 in value for money
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Ten global challenges and the top value solutions
Top 4 in value for money
Challenge OpportunityDiseases Control of HIV/AIDS
Malnutrition Micronutrient fortification
Subsidies & trade
Liberalising trade
Diseases Control of malaria
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Severe acute malnutrition
Traditional model involved the establishment of therapeutic feeding centres
Disadvantages
Difficult to establish Expensive to operate Limited coverage Undermined normal rural life
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Community Therapeutic Care
Advantages
Widespread access & coverage Uses ready-to-use-foods Community based Prevents escalation of SAM Integrative
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Imagine
John Lennon
3.02 minutes
23 children dead from hunger
From 6.5 to 9.5 billion by 2050 The water crisis will happen first
Rising economies = rising food pricesA 20% fall in food output is likely
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Region 2050
Year2,000
No Climate Change
With Climate change
Developed countries
3,450 3,650 3,200
Developing countries
2,700 2,900 2,400
Sub-Sahara Africa
2,300 2,450 1,900
South Asia 2,400 2,650 2,250
Per capita calorie availability in 2050
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Region 2050
Year2,00
0
No Climate Change
With Climate change
Developed countries
3,450 3,650 3,200
Developing countries
2,700 2,900 2,4002,800
Sub-Sahara Africa
2,300 2,450 1,9002,350
South Asia 2,400 2,650 2,2502,550
Per capita calorie availability in 2050
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Region 2050
Year2,000
No Climate Change
With Climate change
With Climate change &
adaptation
Developing countries
148 113 138 119
Sub-Sahara Africa
33 42 52 44
South Asia 76 52 59 54
Malnourished <5 year olds (millions) in 2050
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Developing country agricultural productivity investments needed to
reduce childhood mortality to no climate change levels
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Developing country agricultural productivity investments needed to
reduce childhood mortality to no climate change levels
60% increase in all crop yields 30% rise in animal numbers 40% rise in oilseed output 25% rise in irrigated area 15% fall in reliance on rain-fed growth 15% rise in basin water efficiency
UCD Institute of Food and Health
Thank you
