Production of Bio Coal by Briquetting of Agricultural Wastes

Production of Bio Coal by Briquetting of Agricultural Wastes

Anshul Garg 1, Shivraj Singh1, Anita1, Rajiv Arora1, Amit Arora 1* 1 Department of chemical engineering, Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus, Firozpur, Punjab, India 152004

* Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: The nature of briquettes as far as thickness and strength relies upon the physical properties of the

feedstock and briquetting conditions without binders. In this study, the briquettes are made up of cow dung,

stubble, wood powder and rice husk. Sample in varying proportion of biomasses were prepared and their

influence on properties such as compressive strength, density and moisture content was investigated. Primary

reason to include stubble in briquettes is that to limit the stubble issue. It was found that the strength of the

briquette increases with the decrease in the size of the particle. The moisture content of the briquette with rice

husk was maximum and the compressive strength of the briquettes was found to be of satisfactory range.

Keywords: Cow dung, Stubble, Wood Powder, Rice Husk, Briquettes

I. INTRODUCTION

Numerous new open doors for Bio-coal improvement are happening because of various synchronous elements

including the increasing expense of oil, gaseous petrol and power, the requirement for vitality asset security and

environmental change. Making fuel briquettes is a hard and messy work which isn't sensible for everyone. The

enthusiasm for briquettes is there and there is money to be made. Once the biomass briquettes have been made,

they are cleaner and smokeless than the bunch biomass; - that is the reason various people like them.

A. Briquettes A briquette is a square of compacted coal dust, charcoal residue, sawdust, wood chips or biomass, and is utilized

as a fuel in stoves and boilers. To shape charcoal residue into briquettes, an agglomerating material is added to

the biomass residue and after that weight is connected to the blend to frame a briquette. Charcoal isn't care for

earth. Biomass is a material without versatility and can't be form into shape without including a coupling

material. Biomass is plant matter used to create power with steam turbines and gasifies or deliver warm, more

often than not by coordinate ignition. The Biomass Briquetting is the best sustainable power source for sound

condition and economy. Bio Coal Briquetting plants are of different sizes which changes over farming waste

into strong powers. Briquettes are prepared substitute of Coal/wood in modern kettle and block furnace for

warm application.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Guojie Zhang et al. (2018) portrayed that Briquette folio assumes a key part during the time spent briquette

creation. Distinctive kinds of briquette require diverse briquette fastener. The quality and execution of briquette

additionally rely upon the nature of briquette folio. Folio utilized as a part of briquetting procedure can be

separated into inorganic cover, natural fastener and compound fastener. Nonetheless, a noteworthy issue

emerging from the use of inorganic folio is identified with the fiery debris expanded in huge sum. The inorganic

fasteners have numerous fantastic points of interest, for example, plentiful asset, ease, astounding canteen

capacity and great hydrophobicity.

International Journal of Research

Volume 7, Issue IX, September/2018

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The natural covers have numerous magnificent focal points, for example, great holding, great ignition execution

and low cinder. Yet, natural folio is anything but difficult to break down and consume when it was warmed, so

the mechanical quality and warm soundness of natural cover b1riquette are poor, and its cost is high.. The

compound folio can make full utilization of the upsides of a wide range of cover, for example, it can decrease

the providing measure of inorganic fastener, lessen the cost of natural fastener, enhance the nature of briquettes,

and show signs of improvement execution of briquettes. The composite fasteners are made out of two covers at

any rate; the distinctive folio assumes the diverse part. This survey will cover briquette fastener writing. Because

of numerous variables contemplating for briquettes process, up to the present, no uniform component has been

created to tackle briquette generation. The illumination of briquetting component of briquette cover isn't just

can give a hypothetical premise to folio advancement, yet additionally can give informational hypothesis to

briquette mechanical generation. There are five primary speculations of non-cover briquetting components:

bituminous theory, humic corrosive theory, fine theory, colloid speculation and bond atoms theory individually.

Be that as it may, those theories can't completely clarify the briquetting issues about lignite. There are three

principle hypotheses fastener briquetting components from the perspective of collaboration of folios and the

pummeled coal: strong extension associating, electrostatic fascination and fluid scaffold interfacing separately. In

this paper, the procedure of non-cover briquetting component and briquetting system with folio is likewise

evaluated [1].

P. A. Bhavsar et al. (2018) This paper deals with analysis of non woody biomass briquetted fuel made from

grass, mango leaves, cashew leaves, rice husk, rice bran, cow dung and waste flour. The ten combination with

different proportion of raw biomass grass, mango leaves, cashew leaves, rice husk, rice bran, dry cow dung and

waste flour

T1(42:0:0:8:20:20:10),T2(0:42:0:8:20:20:10),T3(0:0:42:8:20:20:10),T4(28:14:0:8:20:20:10),T5(28:0:14:8:20:20:10),T

6(0:28:14:8:20:20:10),T7(14:28:0:8:20:20:10),T8(0:14:28:8:20:20:10),T9(14:0:28:8:20:20:10),T10(14:14:14:8:20:20:1

0) were used during the study. Volatile matter varied from 71.13 to 77.4 per cent, Ash content of mixed raw

biomass varied from 7.73 to 9.95 per cent and average fixed carbon was varied from 6.93 to 11.59 per cent. The

moisture content of dried briquetted fuel was found to be in the range of 6.87 to 9.20 per cent. It was observed

that the maximum higher calorific value (HCV) of (4339.2 kcal kg-1) found in T3 (0:0:42:8:20:20:10)

combination. Average density of briquettes and degree of densification was found to be 254 kg m-3 and 23.84

per cent respectively. The maximum average shatter resistance and tumbling resistance was 85.19 percent and

99.35 percent respectively in T3 combination. Also average energy density ratio was found to be 1.37[2].

Yuli Pratiwi egt al. (2018) In present work, briquettes are produced from waste sawdust mango wood. Briquettes

have a sized cube shape 5x5x5 cm. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of sawn mango waste

briquette waste composed of particle of 10 mesh, 20 mesh, 30 mesh and 3% adhesive variation, 4%, 5%, 6%,

7%. based on SNI Standard (Standard National Indonesia) Wood Charcoal Quality Standard No.1 / 6235/2000.

While based on adhesive variation showed optimal results on briquettes composed of 30 mesh particle size with

6% adhesive, which resulted in water content 2.07%, ash content 7.52%, heat value 6198.41 cal / g, was in

accordance with SNI Standard. The result of the research based on the variation of particle size of briquette

making agent of sawn timber waste briquette, showed optimal result according to SNI Standard, on briquettes

composed of 30 mesh particle size, water content 2.04%, ash content 6.65%, heating value 6135.35 Cal/g.[3]

M.Yugandhar et al.(2011) With the growth of population there is an enormous increase in the utilization of

power which mainly depends on the fossil fuels i.e., coal. The utilization also doubled from the past. And also

the municipal and solid wastage also increases which causes the problem of dumping. Hence in order to utilize

the effective usage of the fossil fuels and also to solve the dumping problem we need to go for alternate sources

of energy which was formed from the municipal and solid wastages.



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Hence the concept of Bio-Briquettes was introduced. Briquettes were prepared by saw dust, agriculture wastes,

etc. In this paper we prepared briquettes with palm powder along with the coconut coir. Both are mixed in

different ratios. Then they were analyzed for calorific value, proximate and ultimate analysis and also calculated

the heat release rate[4].

J. O. Chaney et al. (2010) Densifying waste product buildups into biomass briquettes can give an elective family

unit strong fuel, particularly in provincial territories. They can be fabricated mechanically and on a little rustic

scale utilizing a basic hand-squeeze, making them additionally extremely suitable for poorer groups. Contrasted

and wood, biomass briquettes are interesting in that they give chance to control in the assembling procedure the

fuel thickness, dampness substance, size and geometry. And additionally the materials properties, every one of

these components have been appeared to significantly affect biomass consume rates. For a specific stove and

cooking circumstance it is valuable to have the capacity to enhance the unfaltering state consume rate and limit

the emanations, enhancing proficiency and diminishing introduction to smoke for those in the family unit. This

paper shapes some portion of an examination looking to better comprehend and later streamline biomass

briquettes for various cooking circumstances. Here, preparatory consequences of a parametric report are

introduced for the variety of consistent state ignition rate with the thickness and geometry of a biomass

briquette, consuming in free air. Results are given for rectangular briquette pieces and for barrel shaped

briquettes with a focal gap. A straightforward semi-exact model is introduced that clarifies the pattern in the

outcomes. It is discovered that tube shaped briquette with gaps copy speedier than pieces with a comparable

surface region to volume proportion. A briquette of thickness 276 161 kgm−3, with a tallness of 30 mm, an

outer breadth of 70mm and interior gap distance across of 25 mm would have an A/V proportion of 0.15 mm

−1 and a mass of 27.8 g, hence, as indicated by line in. it will have a standardized consume rate of 0.0015 s−1

giving a consistent state consume rate for a solitary briquette of 0.042 gs−1. Changing the stature of this

briquette to 45mm would diminish the territory/volume proportion to 0.13 mm−1, bringing about a

diminishing in consume rate to 0.02 gs−1, a lessening of more than half. This obviously exhibits the importance

of A/V proportion in briquette outline [6].

III. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY A. Material

Feedstock was sourced nearby the Shaheed Bhagat Singh State Technical Campus, Ferozepur. Biomass, starch,

aluminum foil paper, wood powder, rice husk, sieve shaker, stubble.

B. Sample collection

Mainly biomass collected from the Satyawala, Village, Ferozepur. Biomass is organic material which has stored

sunlight in the form of chemical energy. The calorific value of the biomass is 18-21 MJ per kg. Cow dung is also

an optional ingredient in the manufacture of adobe mud brick housing depending on the availability of materials

at hand. The cow dung is rich in methane gas. Cow dung is the undigested residue of plant matter which has

passed through the animal's gut.

Fig 3.1: - Cow dung Biomass



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C. Stubble

Stubble is taken from the Satyawala, Ferozpur which have the calorific value is 2400 Kcal/Kg Stubble is main

problem in Punjab and Haryana. People burns stubble in Punjab and Haryana. India has a major agribusiness

sector which achieved remarkable successes over the last three or four decades. India is an agricultural driven

economy where more than 50% population is engaged in cultivation of agricultural products. India is one of the

leading countries in production of crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane and many more. with million tons of

agriculture crops producing every year, it also produces tons of agriculture waste.

Fig 3.2: - Stubble

D. Wood powder

Wood powder is also taken from the workshop of the SBSSTC college. The calorific value of the wood is 1500-

3500 kcal/kg.. Wood powder is commonly used as a filler in thermosetting resins such as Bakelite, and in

linoleum floor coverings. All high quality wood powder is made from hardwoods because of its durability and

strength.

Fig 3.3: -Wood Powder

E. Rice husk

Rick is also taken from the Satyawala, Ferozpur having the calorific value 3000 kcal/kg. The moisture content

ranged from 8·68 to 10·44%, and the bulk density ranged from 86 to 114 kg./ m3.

Fig 3.4:- Rice Husk

F. Experimental Procedure

First we took the biomass and then dry at room temperature and then used the grind machine to make small

pieces of biomass and using the sieve shaker we get different particle size of biomass having particle size ranges

from 0.355mm to 4mm. our aim is to get the compressive strength by using very small particle of biomass in

order to get the strength. We choose the screening plate no BSS 44 to get the particle size 0.355 mm.



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Fig 3.5 :- Powder form of Biomass

Then the second step is to get the stubble in powdered form because to grind the stubble is very tough because

it is flexible in nature. For the stubble we use the grinder to make the small particle the stubble also pass from

sieve shaker to get the small particle and we get 0.355 mm particle size of stubble.

Fig 3.6:- Powder form of Stubble

Similarly we get 0.355mm particle size of the rice husk and the wood powder using the grinder. Grinder helps to

get the particle size easy.

Fig 3.7:- Powder form of Wood Powder

Fig 3.8: - Powder form of Rice Husk



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Using these powder we make the 9 different samples as follows :

S. No. Biomass(g) Stubble(g)

1. 10 5

2. 7.5 7.5

Table 3.1: - Biomass + Stubble

S.No. Biomass(g) Stubble(g) Rice Husk(g)

3. 5 5 5

4. 7 3 5

5. 6 4 5

Table 3.2: Biomass + Stubble + Rice husk

S.No. Biomass(g) Stubble(g) Wood Powder(g)

6. 5 5 5

7. 7 3 5

8. 6 4 5

Table 3.3:- Biomass + Stubble + Wood powder

S.No. Biomass(g) Stubble(g) Wood Powder(g) Rice Husk(g)

9. 4 4 4 4

Table 3.4:- Biomass + Stubble + Wood powder+ Rice Husk

Then using the briquetting machine we put all the 9 samples in the briquetting machine by applied the force

15kg/mm2 to make the briquette. We put the water as binder which helps to combine the raw material we

mainly used 15ml of the water.

After the briquetting the samples are prepared.

Fig 3.9

Sample 1. In this sample having 50-50% of biomass and stubble

Fig 3.10

Sample 2. In this sample there is having 60% of the biomass and 40% of stubble is mix.



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Fig 3.11

Sample 3. There is mixture of biomass, stubble and rice husk

Fig 3.12


Fig 3.13


Fig3.14

Sample 6. There is mixture of biomass, stubble and wood powder.



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Fig 3.15


Fig 3.16


Fig 3.17

Sample 9 There is mixture of biomass, stubble and wood powder and rice husk.

After this we dry the entire briquette in room temperature then the moisture content was found.

1. Moisture content

The Percentage moisture was calculated through standard CEN/TS 14774 Method. Oven drying of 3g of

briquette sample at 105±2◦C till the constant mass was obtained was performed. The change in weight D after

16-24 hrs was then utilized for calculating the percentage moisture as per the following formula:

PMC =D/E ×100, [2]

where E is weight before drying initially. After this the density is find out.



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2. Density

Density plays an important role in briquette. We find the density of briquette is because of storage. With the

density of briquette, we can predict that how much space is needed for briquette storage and the we can predict

that how much the effect of atmosphere is occurred on briquette. The Standard method CEN/TS 15103 [6] was

followed for calculating the density of the briquettes. The bulk density (dry basis) was calculated as per the

following formulae

Density =m/V

where m is the mass of the briquette, V is volume of the Container.

After this the volume and area of the briquette is found out.

3. Compressive Strength

After this the compressive strength is find out the compressive strength is varying from 7.9kN to 11.2kN.

The compressive strength = force applied/area of briquette.

IV RESULTS

Strength is the main parameter and strength is depending upon the particle size and the what type of raw

material we have taken. In this paper the nine sample of briquette is prepared with some variable ratio of

biomass, stubble, wood powder and rice husk.

In 1-2 sample only biomass and stubble is mix in 2:1 and 1-1

Next 3-5 sample the biomass, stubble, rice husk is taken in ratio of same ratio of 5:5:5, 7:3:5, 6:4:5

Next 6-8 sample the biomass, stubble, wood powder is taken in ratio of 5:5:5, 7:3:5, 6:4:5.

In last sample all raw material is taken in ratio if 1:1:1:1.

Every results of briquette is vary with the change in the proportion.

A. Moisture content

Percentage moisture content is calculated by using CNY/TS 14774 Method.

The first sample contains 49.33% in which only biomass and stubble is mixed. But no change occurs when we

change the ratio of biomass and stubble. In 2nd sample mainly the moisture content is about 49.53%.

Simply 3rd sample mainly biomass, stubble, rice husk is mixed in which the moisture content is low as

comparison of sample 1-2. The moisture content vary from 47.43% to 49.53%.

In sample 6 to 8 the biomass stubble and wood powder is mixed in which the moisture content is low as

comparison to others mainly the moisture content varies from 49.05% to 45.06%. it represents the wood

powder does not contain too much water so that moisture content is low.

In the last sample all the raw material is mixed so that why the moisture content goes very low and the moisture

content is about 38.66%. S.

NO

COMPONENTS MOISTURE CONTENT UNITS

1. Sample 1 49.33 %

2. Sample 2 49.53 %

3. Sample 3 47.43 %

4. Sample 4 52.30 %

5. Sample 5 49.53 %

6. Sample 6 49.06 %

7. Sample 7 48.06 %

8. Sample 8 45.06 %

9. Sample 9 38.66 %

Table 4.1 Moisture Content



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The graphical representation of moisture content is

Fig 4.1 :-

B. Density


density of briquette, we can predict that how much space is needed for briquette storage

The density of first sample is about 294.4kg/m

sample the density is about 282.0kg/ m

In the 3rd to 5th sample we mix the biomass, stubble and rice

181.4 kg/ m3 because rice husk decreases the density of briquette. And the density of 3

comparison of first two samples.

From 6th to 8th sample we mix the stubble, biomass, and the wood powder.

201.5kg/ m3 to 256.3 kg/ m3.In the last sample all the raw material is mix in the ratio and density is about 306.5

kg/ m3. The table of all sample’s density is

S. NO COMPONENTS

1. Sample 1

2. Sample2

3. Sample3

4. Sample4

5. Sample5

6. Sample 6

7. Sample 7

8. Sample 8

9. Sample 9

49.33

47.43

49.06

40

42

44

46

48

50

52

54

moisture1,4,7

mo

istu

re p

erc

en

tage

Moisture Content of Briquette

bio+stubble

The graphical representation of moisture content is

- Graph Representation of Moisture Content



The density of first sample is about 294.4kg/m3. In which only the biomass and stubble is mix and in the 2

sample the density is about 282.0kg/ m3. In 2nd sample the ratio is change in stubble and biomass.

sample we mix the biomass, stubble and rice husk. The density is varying from 324.5kg

rice husk decreases the density of briquette. And the density of 3

sample we mix the stubble, biomass, and the wood powder. T

.In the last sample all the raw material is mix in the ratio and density is about 306.5

The table of all sample’s density is

COMPONENTS Density UNITS

294.4 Kg/ m3

282.0 Kg/ m3

324.5 Kg/ m3

345.0 Kg/ m3

181.4 Kg/ m3

201.5 Kg/ m3

190.1 Kg/ m3

256.3 Kg/ m3

306.5 Kg/ m3

Table 4.2 :- Density Table

49.53 49.43

52.3

49.0648.06

45.06

moisture 2,5,8 moisture 3,6,9

Moisture Content of Briquette

bio+stubble bio+stubble+rice bio+stubble+wood



ch only the biomass and stubble is mix and in the 2nd

sample the ratio is change in stubble and biomass.

The density is varying from 324.5kg/m3 to

rice husk decreases the density of briquette. And the density of 3rd to 5th sample is low as

The density is varying from

.In the last sample all the raw material is mix in the ratio and density is about 306.5

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

bio+stubble+wood



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The comparison of density with the others raw material is shown below. The graphical representation of density.

Fig

C. Compressive Strength

The 3rd main result is about the compressive strength.

Sample 1 show that compressive strength is 55.39 kg/cm

any binder. In this sample the mainly the biomass and

strength of 49.74 Kg/cm2

Sample 3 showed compressive strength

sample 2. Sample 5 and 4 showed the similar results.

Sample 6 having the compressive strength

which revealed that wood powder is having

compressive strength is also low because of the wood powder.

In sample 9 the compressive strength is 53.60kg/cm

which showed better result. S. NO COMPONENTS

1. Sample 1

2. Sample2

3. Sample3

4. Sample4

5. Sample5

6. Sample 6

7. Sample 7

8. Sample 8

9. Sample 9

294.4324.5

201.5

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

density1,4,7

DEN

SITY

IN K

G/M

2

Biomass+Stubble


Fig 4.2 :- Graph Representation of Density

main result is about the compressive strength.

that compressive strength is 55.39 kg/cm2. And it is the highest strength in the results without

any binder. In this sample the mainly the biomass and stubble. Similarly, the sample 2 also show

strength of 48.61kg/cm2 which is less than as comparison of sample 1 and

the similar results.

Sample 6 having the compressive strength of 40.39kg/cm2 which is very less as compar

is having less compressive strength property. In sample 7 and sample 8 the

compressive strength is also low because of the wood powder.

In sample 9 the compressive strength is 53.60kg/cm2. Because in this sample there is having all the

COMPONENTS Compressive strength UNITS

55.39 Kg/cm

49.74 Kg/cm

48.61 Kg/cm

47.44 Kg/cm

36.99 Kg/cm

40.39 Kg/cm

32.09 Kg/cm

43.52 Kg/cm

53.60 Kg/cm

Table 4.3:- Compressive strength

282 280

345

181.4190.1

256.3

density2,5,8 density3,6,9

Density of Briquette

Biomass+Stubble bio+stu+rice bio+stubble+wood


. And it is the highest strength in the results without

the sample 2 also showed compressive

which is less than as comparison of sample 1 and

very less as compared to other results

less compressive strength property. In sample 7 and sample 8 the

. Because in this sample there is having all the raw material

UNITS

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

Kg/cm2

bio+stubble+wood



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The graphical representation of compressive strength. That show how much difference between the

compressive strength when we use different raw material.

Fig 4.3 :- Graph Representation of Compressive Strength

The present study is in agreement with earlier studies carried in the literature Juan Arevalo et al. (2017) [7],

Noorfidza Y Harun. Et al. (2016)[8], David K Chirchir et al.(2013)[9] and Pongsak Jittabut et

1. The present results that the strength of the briquette is increase with the decrease in the size of the particle.

2. The compressive strength of the briquette varied from 34.02 to 55.36 kg/cm

sufficient for the briquette.

3. The compressive strength of the briquette using the biomass, rice husk, and the wood powder is better in

comparison to the stubble.

4. The density of the various samples is varied from 181.3 to 306.3kg/m

in density by using the stubble, biomass.

5. The moisture content of the various samples is varied from 38.33% to 52.0% and it was revealed that the

moisture content of the briquette using rice husk has shown the maximum moisture content be

property of absorbing the water.

REFERENCES

[1] Zhang, G., Sun, Y. and Xu, Y., 2018. Review of briquette binders and briquetting mechanism.

Energy Reviews, 82, pp.477-487.

[2] Bhavsar, P.A., Khandetod, Y.P., Mohod, A.G., Dh

Briquetted Fuel.

[3] Pratiwi, Y., Prasetyo, H. and Indraprasta, Y., Utilization of Waste Sawdust Mango Wood for Fuel Briquettes as Alternative

Energy Sources.

[4] Yugandhar, M., Kumar, P.D. and Jayanth,

53.39

48.61

40.39

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

compressive strength 1,4,7

cOM

PR

ESSI

VE

STR

ENG

TH I

N K

G/C

M2

bio+stubble


compressive strength when we use different raw material.

Graph Representation of Compressive Strength


Noorfidza Y Harun. Et al. (2016)[8], David K Chirchir et al.(2013)[9] and Pongsak Jittabut et

V. CONCLUSIONS

The present results that the strength of the briquette is increase with the decrease in the size of the particle.

The compressive strength of the briquette varied from 34.02 to 55.36 kg/cm2 without the binder which is

The compressive strength of the briquette using the biomass, rice husk, and the wood powder is better in

The density of the various samples is varied from 181.3 to 306.3kg/m3 and it was observed that

in density by using the stubble, biomass.

The moisture content of the various samples is varied from 38.33% to 52.0% and it was revealed that the

moisture content of the briquette using rice husk has shown the maximum moisture content be

Zhang, G., Sun, Y. and Xu, Y., 2018. Review of briquette binders and briquetting mechanism.

Bhavsar, P.A., Khandetod, Y.P., Mohod, A.G., Dharaskar, R.M. and Dhande, K.G., Analysis of Non woody Biomass

Pratiwi, Y., Prasetyo, H. and Indraprasta, Y., Utilization of Waste Sawdust Mango Wood for Fuel Briquettes as Alternative

B.K., BIO BRIQUETTES AS ALTERNATE FUEL.

49.7447.44

32.09

compressive strength 1,4,7 compressive strength 2,5,8 compressive strength 3

Compressive Strength

bio+stubble bio+stubble+rice bio+stubble+wood


Graph Representation of Compressive Strength


Noorfidza Y Harun. Et al. (2016)[8], David K Chirchir et al.(2013)[9] and Pongsak Jittabut et al.(2015)[10].

The present results that the strength of the briquette is increase with the decrease in the size of the particle.

without the binder which is

The compressive strength of the briquette using the biomass, rice husk, and the wood powder is better in

and it was observed that there is increase

The moisture content of the various samples is varied from 38.33% to 52.0% and it was revealed that the

moisture content of the briquette using rice husk has shown the maximum moisture content because of its

Zhang, G., Sun, Y. and Xu, Y., 2018. Review of briquette binders and briquetting mechanism. Renewable and Sustainable

araskar, R.M. and Dhande, K.G., Analysis of Non woody Biomass

Pratiwi, Y., Prasetyo, H. and Indraprasta, Y., Utilization of Waste Sawdust Mango Wood for Fuel Briquettes as Alternative

B.K., BIO BRIQUETTES AS ALTERNATE FUEL.

51.36

36.99

43.52

compressive strength 3

bio+stubble+wood



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[5] Chaney, J.O., Clifford, M.J. and Wilson, R., 2010. An experimental study of the combustion characteristics of low-density biomass

briquettes. Biomass magazine,1.

[6] Kers, J., Kulu, P., Aruniit, A., Laurmaa, V., Križan, P., Šooš, L. and Kask, Ü., 2010. Determination of physical, mechanical

and burning characteristics of polymeric waste material briquettes. Estonian Journal of Engineering, 16(4), pp.307-316.

[7] Arévalo, J., Quispe, G. and Raymundo, C., 2017. Sustainable Energy Model for the production of biomass briquettes based on

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Production of Bio Coal by Briquetting of Agricultural Wastes

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