Processes

Part 3

WellsChapter 3

Middle English

Wells 3.2 British prestige innovations

Wells 3.3 Some American innvoations

Wells 3.4 Later British innvoations

1400

1600"The Great

Divide"

Wells 3.1 Residualisms

ProcessesPart 3

• In Part 1 we looked at Residualisms, which leave scattered traces in modern dialects.

• Part 2 dealt with more prominent processes.

• In Part 3 we will begin looking at processs which occurred in Britain after the Atlantic Split (American vs. British English)

p .212

Those changes which occurred in British prestige English(RP) after the “great divide”

p.242

Changes occurring in American English after the “great divide” which did not affect British English

p 252

Later British non-prestige changes (not in RP)

Middle English

Earlier changes

Shakespeare

BritishAmerican

R DroppingBATH-TRAP Split

BritishS. Hem

Front Vowel Raising H-Dropping T-Glotalling

L-Vocalization

Loss of distinctivelength

LOT Unrounding Later Yod Dropping

T-Voicing

Preview:Great Vowel ShiftNG CoalescenceLong Mid MergersFOOT-STRUT SplitPre-Fric Lengthening

p .212

Those changes which occurred in British prestige English(RP) after the “great divide”

p.242

Changes occurring in American English after the “great divide” which did not affect British English

p 252

Later British non-prestige changes (not in RP)

- Loss of R

p. 218

- Loss of R

p. 218

- Loss of R

p. 218

- Loss of R

Wind back to p. 213:

p. 215:

- Loss of R (resuming)

p. 218

- Loss of R (resuming)

p. 219

- Loss of R (resuming)

p. 219

“Linking r”:

- Loss of R

p. 218

- Loss of R

p. 218

- Loss of R

p. 218

- Loss of R

p. 218

- Loss of R

p.222

- Loss of RLinking R by R Dropping p.218

Linking R by R Insertion p.222

- Loss of RR Insertion Rule p.222

- Loss of RR Insertion Rule p.222

- Loss of RR Insertion Rule p.222

Include

p.226

p.222

p.228

Hypercorrections: “warehouse” p.229

p.231

secretary necessary momentary

category reformatory lavatory

alimony ceremony matrimony

Scarborough Edinbugh Peterborough

Newbury Waterbury strawberry

p232

staff bath pass askoff cloth lost frost

(BATH and CLOTH Lengthening)

Recap from Residualisms:

p232

staff bath pass askoff cloth lost frost

(BATH and CLOTH Lengthening)

Recap from Residualisms:

After the “Great Divide”:• BATH Broadening• CLOTH Raising

BATH-TRAP Split established in England, disappears in America

LOT-CLOTH Split has disappeared in England,retained in some E. Am. accents without lengthdistinction

LOSS OF PHONEMIC LENGTH in America

http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/87/VARS/trapbath.html

p. 237

Goat Fronting

>

Blocked by l in southern British dialects (not conservative RP)

Also in America: PhiladelphSia, Pittsburgh,N.E. North Carolina (independent development?)

There'll be bluebirds overthe white cliffs of Dover

we'll meet againdon't know where, don't know when

tell the folks that I knowthat as you say we goI weas singing this song

Sound (OLE2)