procesni_dijagrami

8/9/2019 procesni_dijagrami

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Procesni dijagrami

(Process Diagrams)

OS4UIP 2012


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Key Terms

• Electrical drawings—symbols and diagrams that depict an electrical process.

• Elevation drawings—a graphical representation that shows the location of process

equipment in relation to existing structures and ground level.

• Equipment location drawings—show the exact floor plan for location of equipment in

relation to the plan’s physical boundaries.

• Flow diagram—a simplified sketch that uses symbols to identify instruments and vessels and

to describe the primary flow path through a unit.

• Foundation drawings—concrete, wire mesh, and steel specifications that identify width,

depth, and thickness of footings, support beams, and foundation.

• Legends—a document used to define symbols, abbreviations, prefixes, and specialized

equipment.

• Process and instrument drawing (P&ID)—a complex diagram that uses process symbols to

describe a process unit; also called piping and instrumentation drawing.


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Types of Process Diagrams

• Process flow diagrams (PFDs)

• Process and instrument drawings (P&IDs),

sometimes called piping and instrumentation

drawings


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Process flow diagrams (PFD)

Process and instrument drawings (P&ID)

• Process flow diagrams (PFDs) and process andinstrument drawings (P&IDs) are used to outlineor explain the complex flows, equipment,instrumentation, electronics, elevations, andfoundations that exist in a process unit.

• A PFD is a simple flow diagram that describes theprimary flow path through a unit.

•

A P&ID is a complex representation of the variousunits found in a plant. Standardized symbols anddiagrams have been developed for most pieces ofindustrial equipment, process flows, andinstrumentation.


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Process flow diagrams (PFDs)

• A flow diagram is a simple illustration that uses processsymbols to describe the primary flow path through a unit.

• A process flow diagram provides a quick snapshot of theoperating unit.

•

Flow diagrams include all primary equipment and flows.• A technician can use this document to trace the primary

flow of chemicals through the unit.

• Secondary or minor flows are not included.

• Complex control loops and instrumentation are notincluded.

• The flow diagram is used for visitor information and newemployee training.


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Process flow diagrams (PFDs)

• PFD that shows the basic relationships and flow paths found in aprocess unit. It is easier to understand a simple flow diagram if it isbroken down into sections: feed, preheating, the process, and thefinal products.

• This simple left-to-right approach allows a technician to identify

where the process starts and where it will eventually end. The feedsection includes the feed tanks, mixers, piping, and valves. In thesecond step, the process flow is gradually heated for processing.This section includes heat exchangers and furnaces.

• In the third section, the process is included. Typical examples foundin the process section could include distillation columns or reactors.

• The process area is a complex collection of equipment that workstogether to produce products that will be sent to the final section.


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PFD


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Process and instrument drawings

(P&IDs)

• A process and instrument drawing is more complex.

• The P&ID includes a graphic representation of theequipment, piping, and instrumentation.

•

Modern process control can be clearly inserted into thedrawing to provide a process technician with acomplete picture of electronic and instrument systems.

• Process operators can look at their process and seehow the engineering department has automated theunit.

• Pressure, temperature, flow, and level control loops areall included on the unit P&ID.


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Process and instrument drawings

(P&IDs) • A P&ID is a complex representation of the various units found in a

plant

• It is used by people in a variety of crafts. The primary users of thedocument after plant startup are process technicians andinstrument and electrical, mechanical, safety, and engineering

personnel.• In order to read a P&ID, the technician needs an understanding of

the equipment, instrumentation, and technology. The next step inusing a P&ID is to memorize your plant’s process symbol list.

• This information can be found on the process legend. Process andinstrument drawings have a variety of elements, including flowdiagrams, equipment locations, elevation plans, electrical layouts,loop diagrams, title blocks and legends, and foundation drawings.

• The entire P&ID provides a three-dimensional look at the variousoperating units in a plant.


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PFD and P&ID

PFD P&ID

1. Used During Construction

2. Shows all process and service piping

3. Indicates presence of all controls

4. Shows all motors

5. Shows thermal insulations

6. Shows major equipment7. Shows flow quantities

8. Shows stream compositions

No

No

No

No

No

YesYes

Yes

Yes*

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

YesNo

NO


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P&ID


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Basic Instrument Symbols


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Basic Instrument Symbols


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Identification

letters


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Examples – Typical Letter

Combination

• AIC, AI, AT, AY

• FRC, FIC, FC, FY, FE,FQI

•

II, IIC, IT• LIC, LI, LT, LE,

• PIC, PC, PCV, PI, PSH, PIT, PSL

• TIC,TCV, TI, TSH, TE, TY• ZC, ZSH, ZSL ZT


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Control valve loop

FC

4” 300#

PC

005

PY

005

PV

005

I/P

H

L

PT

005

4”


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procesni_dijagrami

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