ProceduresCh 9 Urinary System

Diagnostic Procedures• Catheterization

– The insertion of a sterile catheter through the urethra and into the urinary bladder

– Most commonly performed to withdraw urine, relieve urinary retention pressures, or prevent incontinence during surgical procedures

– May also be used to place fluid, such as a chemotherapy solution, into the bladder

Diagnostic Procedures• Cystoscopy – also known as cysto

– Visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

Diagnostic Procedures• Intravenous pyelogram• KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) is a radiographic

study of these structures without the use of a contrast medium. Also referred to as a flat-plate of the abdomen

• Intravenous urography• Excretory urography• Retrograde urography

Diagnostic Procedures• Cystography • Voiding cystourethrography • Urinalysis

– Used to test for • Blood• Protein• Sugars• Drugs• Toxins

Treatment Procedures• Medications

– Diuretics • Medications administered to increase urine

secretion to rid the body of excess sodium and water

Treatment Procedures• Dialysis – a procedure to remove waste products

from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function. – Two types of dialysis

• Hemodialysis – blood is filtered directly through a machine

• Peritoneal dialysis – the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

Treatment Procedures• Kidneys

– Kidney transplant– Nephrolysis– Nephrostomy – Pyeloplasty– Pyelotomy – Nephropexy

• The surgical fixation of a floating kidney

Treatment Procedures• Kidneys cont.

– Removal of kidney stones• Lithotripsy

– The destruction of a kidney stone with the use of ultrasonic waves traveling through water

– Also known as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy or ESWL

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Yl8Qy79aLk0

• Nephrolithotomy– Surgical removal of a kidney stone through an

incision in the kidney

Treatment Procedures• Ureters

– Ureterectomy– Ureteroplasty– Ureterorrhaphy

Treatment Procedures• Urinary Bladder

– Cystectomy– Cystopexy

• Surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall

– Cystorrhaphy – Lithotomy– Suprapubic catheter

Treatment Procedures• Urethra

– Meatotomy – Urethropexy– Urethroplasy

• Surgical repair of the urethra• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=playe

r_detailpage&v=nxajZ50Mqow– Urethrostomy– Urethrotomy