Principles of Memory Organization in the Monkey Medial Temporal Lobe Wendy A. Suzuki Center for...
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Transcript of Principles of Memory Organization in the Monkey Medial Temporal Lobe Wendy A. Suzuki Center for...
Principles of Memory Organization in the Monkey Medial Temporal Lobe
Wendy A. Suzuki Center for Neural Science
New York University
24/25/32Pi
Ia
Id
Ig
Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe InsularCortex
CingulateGyrus
ParietalLobe
V4
23/29/30
7a/LIP
STSd STG
TE
STSv
TEO
11/1246
13
DG
SubHPC
30-60%18-29%5-17%<5%
Entorhinal
ParahippocampalPerirhinal
Suzuki and Amaral, 1994
Take Home Message:• All structures of the MTL appear to
provide a similar complement of associative learning-related signals.
24/25/32Pi
Ia
Id
Ig
Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe InsularCortex
CingulateGyrus
ParietalLobe
V4
23/29/30
7a/LIP
STSd STG
TE
STSv
TEO
11/1246
13
DG
SubHPC
30-60%18-29%5-17%<5%
Entorhinal
ParahippocampalPerirhinal
Suzuki and Amaral, 1994
Take Home Message:• All structures of the MTL appear to provide a
similar complement of associative learning-related signals.
• There appears to be a conditionally dynamic relationship between different MTL structures such that depending on task demands different MTL structure can either contribute in similar/cooperative ways or in more clearly distinct way to mnemonic functions.
Location-Scene Association TaskGaffan (1994), Murray and Wise (1996), Murray et. al., (1998)
+ ++New Scenes
(n = 2-4)
Fixation/Baseline(300 ms)
Scene/TargetPresentation
(500 ms)
Delay(700 ms)
Eye MovementResponse
Pro
babi
lity
Cor
rect
0 10 20 30 40 500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Behavioral Learning Curve and Delay Activity Over Time to Scene 653 R
esponse (Spikes/S
ec)
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
Baseline Activity
Trials C110600.4 Wirth et al., 2003
Pro
babi
lity
Cor
rect
Behavioral Learning Curve and Delay Activity Over Time to Scene 386 R
esponse (Spikes/S
ec)
Trials
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Wirth et al., 2003
2 Categories of Changing Cells
A. Sustained Changing cells: 56% of all changing cells
B. Baseline Sustained Changing cells: 44% of all changing cells
What about the Perirhinal cortex?
Yanike et al., 2008, In press
Selective
Hippocampus(n = 2 monkeys)
89/145 (61 %)
Changing Cells
25/89 (28%)
Sustained
Baseline Sustained
PR Cortex(n = 2 monkeys)
83/128 (65 %)
26/83 (31%)
8/26 (31%)
18/26 (69%)
14/25 (56%) 11/25 (44%)
Yanike et al., 2008, In press
Early
Late Early
Late+
+ +
+
Object 1 Object 2
Place 1
Place 2
Object-Place Association Task
Wirth et al, 2009
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
Late500ms
Reward ITI2000ms
++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Bar Release Period
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
Late500ms
Reward ITI2000ms
++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Bar Release Period
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
++ ++ ++ ++Reward
Release
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
Late500ms
++ ++ ++ ++ ++ Release No Reward
ITI
ITI
Correct Trial
Incorrect Trial
Wirth et al, 2009
50% are outcome-selective
Do hippocampal cells differentiate between correct and error trials?
Time from Release (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500
Nor
mal
ized
Firi
ng R
ate
(Spi
kes/
Sec
)
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Time from Release (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500
Nor
mal
ized
Firi
ng r
ate
(Spi
kes/
Sec
)-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 CorrectError
CorrectError
N=16 N=18
A B
Correct Up CellsN = 30
Error Up CellsN = 38
Wirth et al, 2009
A
Time from Release or Random Drop (ms)-500 0 500 1000 1500 2000
Spi
kes/
Sec
0
5
10
15
20
25
Correct
Error
Random reward
B
Lat
enc
ies
(ms)
0
200
400
600
800
Standard Delayedwith Sound
DelayedNo Sound
*
Wirth et al, 2009
++ + ++
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Reward ITI2000ms
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
Late500ms
Reward ITI2000ms
++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Bar Release Period
Standard Trials
Fixation Only Trials
Time from Release (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500
Nor
mal
ized
Firi
ng R
ate
(Spi
kes/
Sec
)
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Time from Release (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500
Nor
mal
ized
Firi
ng r
ate
(Spi
kes/
Sec
)-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 CorrectError
CorrectError
N=16 N=18
A B
Correct Up CellsN = 30
Error Up CellsN = 38
Wirth et al, 2009
++ + ++
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Reward ITI2000ms
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
Late500ms
Reward ITI2000ms
++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Bar Release Period
Standard Trials
Fixation Only Trials
Time from Trial End (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500
Firi
ng R
ate
(Spi
kes/
Sec
)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Time from End of Fixation (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500F
iring
Rat
e (S
pike
s/S
ec)
0
10
20
30
40Completed FixationBreake Fixation
N=9N=13 Rewarded TrialsOmit
A B
Wirth et al, 2009
Time from Release (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500
Nor
mal
ized
Firi
ng R
ate
(Spi
kes/
Sec
)
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Time from Release (ms)
-500 0 500 1000 1500
Nor
mal
ized
Firi
ng r
ate
(Spi
kes/
Sec
)-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 CorrectError
CorrectError
N=16 N=18
A B
Correct Up CellsN = 30
Error Up CellsN = 38
Wirth et al, 2009
Early
Late Early
Late+
+ +
+
Object 1 Object 2
Place 1
Place 2
Object-Place Association Task
Wirth et al, 2009
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
Late500ms
Reward ITI2000ms
++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Bar Release Period
Fixation500ms
Cue500ms
Delay700ms
Early500ms
Late500ms
Reward ITI2000ms
++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Bar Release Period
Sessions without learning
BEFORE AFTERS
elec
tivity
Inde
x
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65CORRECT UPERROR UPCONTROL
Sessions with learning
BEFORE AFTER
Sel
ectiv
ity In
dex
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65CORRECT UPERROR UPCONTROL
*
Sessions without learning
Differential Selectivity
-0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
Inci
denc
es (
perc
enta
ge o
f ca
ses)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
A B
C DSessions with learning
Differential Selectivity
-0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
Inci
denc
es (
perc
enta
ge o
f ca
ses)
0
10
20
30
40
Control cellsError up cellsCorrect up cells
Control cellsError up cellsCorrect up cells
Wirth et al, 2009
24/25/32Pi
Ia
Id
Ig
Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe InsularCortex
CingulateGyrus
ParietalLobe
V4
23/29/30
7a/LIP
STSd STG
TE
STSv
TEO
11/1246
13
DG
SubHPC
30-60%18-29%5-17%<5%
Entorhinal
ParahippocampalPerirhinal
Suzuki and Amaral, 1994
Take Home Message:• All structures of the MTL appear to provide a
similar complement of associative learning-related signals.
• There appears to be a conditionally dynamic relationship between different MTL structures such that depending on task demands different MTL structure can either contribute in similar/cooperative ways or in more clearly distinct way to mnemonic functions.
Temporal Order Task
0.3 s 0.9 s 0.3 s 0.5 s0.4 s
1.0 s > 4.0 s
Encoding Phase
Retrieval Phase
1st Cue 2nd Cue
1st Choice 2nd Choice
SmallReward
LargeReward
0.7-1.5 s
Pre-responseDelay
Inter-phaseDelay
Naya and Suzuki, SFN 2008
24/25/32Pi
Ia
Id
Ig
Frontal Lobe Temporal Lobe InsularCortex
CingulateGyrus
ParietalLobe
V4
23/29/30
7a/LIP
STSd STG
TE
STSv
TEO
11/1246
13
DG
SubHPC
30-60%18-29%5-17%<5%
Entorhinal
ParahippocampalPerirhinal
Suzuki and Amaral, 1994
Findings
• The most stimulus selective response are found in area TE and the perirhinal cortex.
• Perirhinal cortex has the strongest proportion of order and stimulus selective responses
• The hippocampus has the highest proportion of trial outcome selective responses.
Take Home Message:• All structures of the MTL appear to provide a
similar complement of associative learning-related signals.
• There appears to be a conditionally dynamic relationship between different MTL structures such that depending on task demands different MTL structure can either contribute in similar/cooperative ways or in more clearly distinct way to mnemonic functions.
Sylvia WirthMarianna Yanike
Emin Avsar
Eric Hargreaves Yuji Naya