Primitivism & picaso
description
Transcript of Primitivism & picaso
1
2
welq - cve‡jv wcKv‡mvi wkíK‡g© wcÖwgwUwfR‡gi cÖfve wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki|
wb‡`©kbvq - cÖ‡dmvi AvjvDÏxb Avn‡g`
University of Development Alternative ( UODA)
Dc ’vcbvq -
G. Gm. Gg. Avãyj−vn
Gg. Gd. G (Z…Zxq †mwg÷vi)
MÖvwdK wWRvBb
AvB. wW. bs. - 573131006
2013
†gvevBj bs - 01671958224
3
BwZnvm memgq Kvj wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv K‡i bv| hLb †_‡K gvbyl AZxZ AbymÜvb K‡i‡Q
ZLb †_‡KB wKš‘ gvbyl cÖvPxb ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ wb‡Ri †hvM m~Î iPbv Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| cÖvPxb
GBmg¯— ms¯‹…wZ A‡bK Av‡MB wbt‡kl n‡q †M‡Q i‡q‡Q ïay wb ©kb mg~n| Avevi A‡bK wRwbm
gvby‡li mgKvjxb Rxebavivq, cÖvq AweK…Z Ae¯’vq i‡q †M‡Q Zvi wkíKjvi gv‡S| c„w_exi wewfbœ
RvwZi g‡a¨ Avgiv GB mg¯— ms¯‹…wZi Dcv`vb Ly‡R cvB|
Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡kI G ai‡bi cyivZb cÖ¯—i hy‡Mi gvby‡li Abyiƒc ms¯‹…wZi mÜvb cvIqv
hvq hviv G hy‡MI †mB cÖvPxb ms¯‹…wZK aviv‡K enb K‡i P‡j‡Q| G Qvov G mg¯— ms¯‹…wZi mÜvb
cvIqv †M‡Q cÖkvš— gnvmvMixq A‡j emevmiZ wewfbœ RvwZ‡Mvôxi ms¯‹…wZ‡Z GB cÖPxb aviv
GLbI engvb hv cÖv‰MwZnvwmK Rxeb hvÎv‡K eyS‡Z Avgv‡`i mvnvh¨ K‡i| G †_‡K GKwU
wRwblB ¯úó n‡q I‡V Avi Zv nj ÒAvw`gZvÓ (Primitivness) |
AvaywbK Kv‡ji A‡bK eo eo wkíx‡`i wkíK‡g© cÖvPxb (Primitive) wkíx‡`i my úó
cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv hvq| A‡bK Ava~wbK wkíxB AZ¨š— m‡PZbfv‡e cÖv‰MwZnvwmK hy‡Mi wkíKjv
†_‡K mivmwi cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Qb| Zvuiv A‡bK mgq mivmwi Dcv`vb msMÖn K‡i‡Qb, GgbwK
AbyKiY Ki‡ZI wØav K‡ib wb|
cÖv‰MwZnvwmK wkíKjvi Abyiƒc Avwd«Kvi wkíKjv Avwe®‹…Z n‡q‡Q gvÎ GKkZ eQi
Av‡M| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wb ©kb Avwe¯‹vi n‡q‡Q gvÎ GKkZ eQi n‡q‡Q BD‡ivcxq‡`i AvMg‡bi
A‡M Av‡M A_v©r wZb †_‡K PvikZ eQi c~‡e©| GUv j¶bxq †h wb‡MÖv wkíKjvi Ae¶q ïiy nq
Aóv`k kZvãx‡Z A_v©r GLb †_‡K cÖvq y‡kv eQi c~‡e©|
4
Primitive Style - wkíKjvi BwZnv‡m cÖavbZ Pvi cÖKvi wbR¯^ cÖKvk fw½i cwiPq wg‡j| G¸‡jv‡K
mvavibZ ÷vBj ejv nq| G‡¶‡Î Tribal Art †K Primitive Style Gi Aš©—fz³ Kiv n‡q
_v‡K| mnR fv‡e ej‡j ejv hvq †h, †Kvb Avw`evmx MZ ev m¤úÖ`vq Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb †PZbv I
wek¦v‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i Avcb cÖwK…wZi I cvwic©vwkKZv‡K e¨env‡ii gv‡a¨‡g †h mg¯— ms¯‹…wZ
wb©gvb K‡i Zv †m m¤úÖ v‡qi HwZn¨, ixwZ Ges wkí wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| hv g~jZ †gŠwjK Avw`g
I wbR ^| G‡¶‡Î evwni †_‡K †Kvb wKQzi cÖ‡ek cÖvq AcÖZzj| †h Kvi‡Y Gme wkíK‡g© GK
cÖKvi bv›`wbK e¨vL¨v I ˆewPÎgqZvi h‡_ó MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv i‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk G ai‡bi wkíK‡g©i
bv›`wbK ¸b b›`bZ‡Ë¡i AvvqZb †K K‡i‡Q cwiwkwjZ| Avwd«Kvi Avw`evmx wkíKjv, A‡óªwjhvi
Ge‡iwRqvb AvU©, I‡kwbqvb AvU© we‡klfv‡e D‡j¬L‡hvM¨| g~jZt we‡kl †Kvb m¤úÖ`vq KZ…K
wb©wgZ †gŠwjK †Kvb wkíixwZ †K Avgiv e„nr A‡_© Tribal Art ev Primitive Style ejv
nh|
cve‡jv wcKv‡mv ( 1881-1973) -
cve‡jv wcKv‡mv †¯ú‡bi gvjMv bvgK ¯’v‡b 1881 mv‡j Rš§MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb cve‡jv
i“BR wcKv‡mv bv‡g †ekx cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| ¯ú¨vwbk fvlvq Ôi“BRÕ kãwUi A_© †cwÝj| Zuvi gv‡qi
bvg wQj i“BR| wcKv‡mvi evev wQ‡jb GKRb wkíKjvi wk¶K| Z_vwc Lye weL¨vZ †Kvb wPÎKi
wZwb wQ‡jb bv| †QvU †ejv †_‡KB Zuvi g‡a¨ wkíKjvi cÖej †gav j¶¨ Kiv wM‡qwQj|
ev‡m©v‡jvbv‡Z wcKv‡mv cwievi ’vqxfv‡e emevm KiwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b wkíKjvi †h †mªvZ engvb
wQj Zv wkíx cve‡jv wcKv‡mv‡K we‡klfv‡e AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQj|
Avgiv Rvwb †h †hŠebKv‡jB wcKv‡mv c¨vwi‡m cvwo Rwg‡qwQ‡jb| ZLb †_‡KB wZwb
divmx †`‡kB Ag„Zz¨ emevm Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Ges AvaywbK divmx wkíKjvq me‡P‡q †ekx cÖfve we¯—
vi Ki‡Z m¶g nb| wcKv‡mv‡K ev` w`‡q AvaywbK dimx wPÎKjvi K_v fvev hvq bv| ev‡m©‡jvbv
GKv‡Wgx Ad AvU© G wcKv‡mv Zuvi wkíKjv wk¶v ïi“ K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb h‡_ó eyrcwËI AR©b
K‡ib|
5
cve‡jv wcKv‡mv I wcÖwgwUwfRg Gi †cÖ¶vcU Ñ
cve‡jv wcKv‡mv Lye cwiwPZ GKRb cÖwZfvevb wkíx wQ‡jb| wZwb A‡bK bZzb avivi
wkíKg© ˆZix K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z wQ‡jv A‡bK bZzbZ¡ Ges ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡K wb‡q †M‡Qb AvaywbK
wPÎKjvq| Lye †QvU eqm †_‡KB wcKv‡mv eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h, hk I L¨vwZ †c‡Z PvB‡j
MZvbyMwZK †h aviv we`¨gvb Av‡Q Zv‡K fvO‡Z n‡e Ges m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e bZzb aviv| ZvB wZwb
†¯ú‡bi evwm©‡jvbv †_‡K P‡j hvb c¨vwi‡m| hv †m mg‡qi BD‡iv‡ci wkíKjvi g~j †K›`ª wQj|
c¨vwi‡mB wZwb cÖ_g Avwd«Kvi HwZn¨MZ wkí m¤ú©‡K aviYv jvf K‡ib| Avwd«Kvi wkí wcKv‡mv
†K Lye fvjfv‡e bvov‡`q hv Zv‡K bZzb avivq KvR Ki‡Z AbycÖvYxZ K‡i| ïay wcKv‡mvB bb-
I‡q÷v©b AvU© Øviv cÖfvweZ nbwb AviI A‡b‡K cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb| Z‡e wZwbB GKwU `„k¨gvb
ms‡hvM mvab K‡iwQ‡jb Avwd«Kvb AvU© Gi mv‡_ hv bZzb bv›`wbK fvlv ˆZix K‡i wkíKjvq|
Dwbk kZ‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K `w¶b I DËi w`‡Ki Avwd«Kv d«v‡Ýi Avq‡Ë P‡j
Av‡m hv BD‡iv‡ci GKwU Ask n‡q hvq| hv “Scramble for Africa” bv‡g cwiwPZ| c‡i
GwU AviI we¯—„wZ jvf K‡i 1876 †_‡K 1912 mv‡j| hvi mv‡_ hy³ nq BD‡iv‡ci †ejwRqvg,
d«vÝ, BUvwj, Rv©gvbx, c~Z©Mvj, †¯úb I hy³ivR¨| GB we¯—„wZ jv‡fi d‡j d«v‡Ýi abx I m¤£vš—
‡jvK‡`i gv‡a¨‡g Avwd«Kvb wkíKjv Qwo‡q c‡o| A‡bK evmv, †`vKvb I hv`yN‡i GBme wkí
†`Lv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg nj Musee d’ Ethnographie du Trocadero (Goldwater
7) hv GLb Musee de l’Homme bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB hv`yN‡i 1878 mv‡j c¨vwi‡m Avš—©RvwZK
cÖ ©kwbi Av‡qvRb K‡i| GB Avš—©RvwZK cÖ ©kbxi gva¨‡g cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zvv Avwd«Kv, Av‡gwiKv I
I‡kwbqvi wkíKg© †`Lvi my‡hvM cvq| GB cÖ ©kbxwU Lye RbwcÖqZv jvf K‡iwQ‡jv e‡j c‡i
hv`yNiwU G‡K msMÖ‡n ivLvi wm×vš— ‡bq|
wcKv‡mv Aek¨ c‡i G cÖ`©kwbwU †`‡L Ges Zvu‡K Lye Av‡jvwiZ K‡i hv AÜKvi N‡i
Av‡jvi cÖ‡ek Kivi g‡Zv| hv Zvu‡K AviI †KŠZznjx K‡i Zz‡j| BD‡ivwcqvb cwÛZ I wkwíiv
G‡K wkí e‡j †g‡b wb‡Z Pvb wb eis Zviv Zv mgvR e¨e ’vi cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi wkí ej‡Z Pvb|GwU
cwÛZ‡`i mvavib aviYv wQj †h, Avwd«Kvb G wkí nj Avw`g gvby‡li I µgweKvkgvb MÖyc Gi|
6
GB cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi wkíKjvi fvj I †bwZevPK `yB cÖfveB i‡q‡Q mviv we‡k¦| Primitif ‡_‡K
Primitive kãwU G‡m‡Q hv Dwbk kZ‡K d«v‡Ýi wkí BwZnv‡m m~Î wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i wejw¤^Z
ga¨hyM I Aviwj BUvwjqvb †i‡bmvm wkíx‡`i| hw`I GwU Avwd«Kvi HwZn¨MZ wkí| GwU e¨envi
nZ Avw`g mnR I mij gvby‡li fve cªKv‡ki Rb¨| hw`I cÖK…wZi GB mnR mij welqwU‡K
mn‡R †g‡b wb‡Z Pvqwb| †h wkíxiv GB wcÖwgwUf AvU© m¤ú©‡K weiƒc K_v ejZ cie©Zx‡Z Zvuiv
Zv‡`i fzj eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges wb‡R‡`i †h gZ Zv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi †Póv K‡i|
1907 mv‡j wcKv‡m Trocadero hv`yNi cÖ`©kb K‡ib ZLb Zvi eqm wQ‡jv 26
eQi| ZZw`‡b wZwb mdjZv AR©b K‡ib Zvui wPÎK©g Øviv| hv “Blue Period” I “Rose
Period” Gi gv‡a¨‡g| GwU‡K Avevi wb‡MÖv wcwiqW I e−vK wcwiqW ejv nq|
TThhee BBlluuee PPeerriioodd 11990011--0044
The Tragedy, 1903 La Celestina, 1904
7
RRoossee PPeerriioodd 11990055--11990066 Boy with a Dog, 1905 Les Saltambiques, 1905
Zvi g~j KvR ¸‡jv‡Z wZwb Wªwqs, dg© I †UKwb‡Ki gywÝqvbv †`wL‡q‡Qb| Blue Period
wZwb Zvi wkíK‡g© Monochromatic bxj I meyR Kvjv‡ii mswgkª‡b wPÎvwqZ K‡i‡Qb| GB
wPΉkjxi aviv ¸‡jv‡Z wZwb Zvi eÜzi Casegemas Gi AvZ¥nZ¨vi d‡j m„ó Aemv` I Aciva
†eva Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q G‡K‡Qb| Rose Period Qwe ¸‡jv‡Z wZwb mvKv©m `‡ji ms¯ú©‡k
Av‡mb|
cve‡jv wcKv‡mvi mdjZvi wcQ‡b me‡P‡q eo Ae`vb wQj Zvi eÜz Gertrude Stein
Gi| wZwb Ges Zvi fvB wQ‡jb Av‡gwiKvi m¤£vš— †jLK| Gertrude Stein Zvi c¨vwi‡mi evmvq
mßv‡n GKw`b †jLK I wkíx‡`i `vIqvZ w`‡Zb| Gi d‡j wcKv‡mv Maurice Vlaminck,
Andre Derain I Henri Matisse (Figure 1) wkíx‡`i mv‡_ mv¶vZ nq| Zviv mevB
wQ‡jb dwfRg wkí Av‡›`vj‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ| dwfRg wkíAv‡›`vj‡b wkíxiv óªvKPvivj Dcv`vb
wn‡m‡e MVbg~jK j‡¶¨i m‡½ wbw`©ó Abyµg Ges Zvj Gi aviYv †`evi Rb¨ wPÎ wb©gv‡bi m‡½
Mvp Kvjvi I eªvk †óªvK e¨venvi Ki‡Zb| gvwZm dwfRg I cvwm©qvb AvU© Gi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb|
wcKv‡mv I gvwZm `yB Rb cÖwZ`w›`Zv g~jK Kv‡Ri eÜzZ¡ K‡ib| gvwZmB wcKv‡mv †K Avwd«Kvi
8
AvU© Gi mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q‡Qb| GB Avwd«Kvb Av‡U©i Dci wfwË K‡i `yRbB bZzb avivi, bZzb
fvebv wb‡q AvuKv ïiy K‡ib|
Figure 1,Henri Matisse Figure 2,Untitled (Seated Figure) , Vili,
Democratic Republic of Congo, Wood and Glass, Formerly from Henri Matisse’s Collection
cve‡jv wcKv‡mvi Kv‡R wcÖwgwUwfRg Gi cÖfve -
Ggwb GK iv‡Z gvwZm Zvi µqK…Z Vili, Democratic Republic of Congo
(Figure 2) fv¯‹©‡hi Mí e©Ybv K‡ib 1906 mv‡j|
gvwZm GB fv¯‹h© wU µq K‡ib Emile Heymann
bvgK GK Supplier KvQ †_‡K whwb GBme †KŠZznjc~Y©
I Avw`g eb¨ Rš‘ wkKv‡ii A¯¿ msMÖn Ki‡Zb| wZwb
wQ‡jb Avwd«Kvb AvU© Gi g~j e¨emvqx| Gertrude
Stein (Figure 3) Gi evmvq gvwZm Zvi bZzb
msMÖnK…Z fv¯‹©hwU wcKv‡mv‡K cÖ_gevi †`Lv‡jb| hv †`‡L
wcKv‡mv Lye Impressed n‡qwQ‡jb| H iv‡Z wb‡MÖv AvU©
wb‡q we¯—i Av‡jvPbv nq|
Figure 3,Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso , 1905-1906
9
GB fv¯‹©h ïay wcKv‡mv‡KB Impressed K‡iwb eis Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q
Gertrude Stein cÖwZK…wZ AsK‡b| 1905 mv‡j wZwb †÷Bb Gi cÖwZK…wZ 19 evi
G‡KwQ‡jb wKš—y Zv Zvi gbtcyZ nw”Qj bv| †kl ch©š— wZwb Zv †K‡U †d‡jb| 1906
mv‡j wZwb AvwdªKvb gv¯‹ Gi Av`‡j †÷Bb Gi bZzb cÖwZK…wZ wb©gvb K‡ib| A‡b‡K
gš—e¨ K‡ib cÖwZK…wZwU †÷Bb Gi mv‡_ wg‡j wb| Z‡e wcKv‡mv e‡jwQ‡jb wZwb
†c‡i‡Qb| gvwZm I GB mg‡q GB fv¯‹©h wb‡q GKwU Qwe AvuK‡jb hvi bvg Still
Life with Negro Statuette (Figure 4) |
Figure 4, Still Life with Negro Statuette , Oil on canvas, 1906
10
Gertrude Stein j¶¨ Ki‡jb †h yRb wkíx‡KB GB fv¯‹©h wU cÖfvweZ
K‡i‡Q|
Avwd«Kvb wkí wcKv‡mv I gvwZm †K wfbœ wfbœ fv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| gvwZm‡K
cÖfvweZ K‡i Kíbv †_‡K ©kb‡K| Avi wcKv‡mv †K cÖfvweZ K‡i `©kb‡K bq Kíbv
kw³‡K|
Figure 5, Self Portrait, Oil on canvas, 1906 Figure 6, Self Portrait, Oil on canvas, 1907
1906 mv‡j wcKv‡mv Zvi Self Portrait (Figure 5) A¼b K‡ib| 1907
mv‡j wZwb c~bivq Zvi Self Portrait (Figure 6) A¼b K‡ib| †hLv‡b Avwd«Kvb
Av‡U©i cÖfve cÖPzi cwigv‡b †`Lv hvq| GB cÖfve Rose Period †K I cwie©wZZ
K‡i †d‡j| Avi GB cÖfve †`Lv hvq Zvi ciewZ© Qwe Les Demoiselles d’
Avignon (Figure 7) |
11
Figure 7, Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon , Oil on canvas, 1907
d«v‡Ýi mgv‡jvPK Andre Salmon GB †cBw›Us‡KB AvaywbK wPÎKjvi ïi“ e‡j g‡b
K‡ib| 1905 †_‡K 1906 mv‡j gvwZm I GKwU wPÎKg© ˆZix K‡ib Zv nj Le Bonheur de
Vivre (Figure 8) | Avwd«Kvb AvU© wcKv‡mv †K mvnvh¨ K‡i weg~Z© avivq wkíPPv© K‡i‡Z|
Figure 8,Le Bonheur de Vivre, Henri Matisse, 1906 wcKv‡mvi AvuKv Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon Qwei g~j avibvwU n‡”Q
ev‡m©‡jvbvi MwbKvj‡qi †g‡q‡`i‡K wb‡q| cie©wZ‡Z wZwb Trocadero hv`yNi cÖ`©k‡bi ci
12
Zvui wPš—vi cwie©Zb N‡U| d‡j wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K gwnjv‡K bMœ, G‡MÖwmf I bZzb d‡g© Avu‡Kb| gyL
¸‡jv‡K Avu‡Kb Avwd«Kvi gy‡Lvk Gi Av`‡j wØ-gvwÎK fv‡e| cwi‡cÖw¶‡Zi mKj wbqgKvbyb †K
wZwb †f‡½ ‡d‡j‡Qb|
Figure 9, Bakota Reliquary Figure Figure 10, Dan Mask , Wood , Wood, brass/copper Dan Tribe, Ivory Coast Gabon, Africa Avwd«Kvb fv¯‹‡h©i `ywU ÷vBj Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon †K cÖfvweZ K‡i Zv
nj Bakota Reliquary Figure (Figure 9) hv M¨ve‡bi Ges Av‡iKwU nj Dan
Mask, Ivory Coast (Figure 10)| Dan Mask Gi cÖfve j¶¨ Kiv hvq Wvb w`‡Ki
`ywU wdMv‡i| `ywU wdMv‡ii bvK `ywU eo K‡i AvuKv, `ywU‡KB mvBW wfD K‡i AvuKv, Kcvj d¬vU
K‡i AvKv| QwewU R¨vwgwZK k¨vc-G AvKv n‡q‡Q| QwewU‡Z Avwd«Kvb gv‡¯‹i cÖfve cÖPzi Zv j¶¨
Kiv hvq| Bakota fv¯‹©h wcKv‡mv †K gy‡Li k¨vc I jvBU k¨v‡Wi is G I cÖfvweZ K‡i| Kcvj
†PvL I Kv‡b Bakota (Figure 9) fv¯‹©‡hi mv‡_ wgj cvIqv hvq|
wcKv‡mv Western †mŠ›`©‡hi aviYv Ges †i‡bmvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Zi aviYv fvO‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
Avwd«Kvb wk‡í †gvwnZ n‡q wcKv‡mv Avwd«Kvb †gvLk, fv¯‹©h I Ab¨vb¨ wRwbl msMÖn Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡ib| Gi d‡j Lye ªyZB Zvi ózwWI f‡i wM‡qwQj| Avwd«Kvb cÖfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡q wZwb Zvi KvR
13
Pvwj‡q hvb| ZvB Zvi GB mgqKvj †K “Epoque Negre” ev Avwd«Kvb wcÖqW ejv nq|
Avwd«Kvb cÖfve AviI †`Lv hvq wcKv‡mvi AvKv 1907 mv‡j Standing Nude (Figure
11) hv Senufo wooden (Figure 12) fv¯‹©‡hi mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q| `ywUB GKB †Kv‡b gyL
I eyK K‡i `vov‡bv|
Figure 11 , Standing Nude , Oil on canvas , 1907 Figure 12 , Senufo Statue (Ivory Coast),
Wood
1907 mv‡j The Dancer (Figure 13) wkíKg©wU Bokota reliquary
(Figure 14) Gi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv hvq| The Dancer wP‡Î gwnjvi nvZ `ywU wcQb w`‡K
wb‡q gv_vi wcQ‡b ivLv hv AvwdªKvi wkíKjvi mv‡_ wg‡j| Wvb w`‡Ki cv wU evg w`‡Ki cv‡Z
14
fvuR K‡i ivLv, evg w`‡K GKwU wi‡d¬± †`Lv hvq| wcKv‡mvi GB Kv‡Ri cwie©Zb Bokota Gi
mv‡_ Lye wgj cvIqv hvq|
Figure 13, Dancer, Oil on canvas, 1907 Figure 14, Bakota reliquary, Wood, brass/copper Gabon, Africa
wVK GB cÖfve †`Lv hvq Nude with Drapery, 1907 (Figure 13) QwewU‡Z|
GwU wQj G wmwi‡Ri †kl Qwe hv‡Z †`Lv hvq GK nvZ gv_vi wcQ‡bi w`‡K ivLv|
15
Figure 13, Nude with Drapery ,Oil on Canvas, 1907
AvBfwi †Kv‡ói Wvb gv¯‹ †hgb Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon †K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj
†Zgwb Ab¨ KvR ¸‡jv‡Z I cÖfvweZ K‡i| 1907 mv‡j AvuKv Friendship (Figure 14)
wPÎwU‡Z †`Lv hvq gv_vi MVb †K cwie©Zb Kiv n‡q‡Q wKš‘ Mvj ¸‡jv‡Z fvR †`Lv hvq|
Figure 14, Friendship ,Oil on Canvas, 1907
16
G¨bvwjwUK¨vj wKDweR‡gi cve‡jv wcKv‡mvi Kv‡R wcÖwgwUwfRg Gi cÖfve -
cÖvK…wZK †h MVb‰kjx Av‡Q Zv‡K wKQzUv cwiZ¨vM Kiv n‡q‡Q ïay gvÎ weg~Z©Zvi Rb¨|
wVK †Zgwb Avwd«Kvb gv‡¯‹I ZvB †`Lv hvq| †PvL ¸‡jv w·KvbvK…wZ, wmwjÛvi k¨vc bvK, mgvš—
ivj †iLv Øviv gyL Avi j¤^ I Dj¤^ †iLv Øviv ˆZix Kiv nq WªBs ¸‡jv‡K| GB KiY‰kjx e¨envi
K‡ib wcKv‡mv Ges eªvK hv G¨bvwjwUK¨vj wKDweRg bv‡g cwiwPZ| AvwdªKvb fv¯‹©hB wKDweRg
ˆZix K‡iwQ‡j e‡j gZ w`‡qwQ‡jb Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler wZwb GKRb Dwbk
kZ‡Ki BwZnvmwe`| whwb Zvui †jLvq AvBfwi †Kv‡÷ Wobe (Figure 15) gv¯‹ m¤ú©‡K
e‡jwQ‡jb hv wcKv‡mvi msMÖ‡n wQj| Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb †h,
wcKv‡mv GB weg~Z© gv¯‹ ¸‡jv wb‡q A‡bK wPš—v K‡i‡Qb Ges ‡mB wPš—v †K Zvi wk‡í cÖ‡qvM
K‡i‡Qb| hvi djkÖywZ‡Z G¨bvwjwUK¨vj wKDweR‡gi D™¢e| hvi cÖfve Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB
wcKv‡mvi Guitar ,1912 (Figure 16) | hvi gvSLv‡b GKwU M©Z hv wmwjÛvi Øviv ˆZix
K‡i‡Qb †Zgwb Wobe (Figure 15) gv‡¯‹ I GB wmwjÛvi k¨vc †Pv‡Li e¨envi †`L‡Z
cvB|
17
Figure 15, Wobe Masks , Wood and metal , Ivory Coast
Figure 16, Guitar, Cardboard, string and wire, 1912
18
wmb‡_wUK wKDweR‡gi cve‡jv wcKv‡mvi Kv‡R wcÖwgwUwfRg Gi cÖfve -
G¨bvwjwUK¨vj wKDweR‡gi cie©Zx Av‡iKwU avc n‡”Q wmb‡_wUK wKDweRg| GB mgq
wZwb Avwd«Kvb AvU© Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qB KvR K‡ib Z‡e Zv‡K A‡bK †ekx mnR Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
G c©hv‡q G‡m wcKv‡mvi Kv‡R AviI †ekx weg~Z© nq| wcKv‡mv gy‡Li †ewmK WªBs Ki‡Zb c‡i
G‡K †f‡½ †dj‡Zb R¨vwgwZK k¨vc w`‡q| cie©wZ‡Z cÖK…wZ †_‡K wewfbœ Dcv`vb wb‡q †mB k¨vc
Abyhvqx †m¸‡jv GKwUi Dci GKwU ewm‡q mvRv‡Zb| wcKv‡mv `©kK‡`i †evSvi Rb¨ wKQz
wb©‡`kbv I K¬z w`‡Zb|
1913 mv‡j ˆZix Woman in
Armchair (Figure 17) G wZwb gyL‡K
R¨vwgwZK k¨vc `vb K‡ib hv wQj m¤ú~b© weg~Z©|
WU I mv©‡Ki w`‡q †PvL, †mvRv jvBb w`‡q bvK
I gyL ˆZix K‡i‡Qb| GB ai‡bi bvbv †KŠkj
wZwb e¨envi K‡i‡Qb GB wmb‡_wUK wKDweR‡g
hv wZwb MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb AvBfwi †Kv‡ói
Wobe (Figure 15) gv¯‹ †_‡K|
Figure 17, Woman in Armchair,Oil on Canvas, 1913
19
Figure 18, Three-musicians
Figure 19, Glass and Bottle of Suze Picasso 1912
cve‡jv wcKv‡mvi fv¯‹©‡h wcÖwgwUwfRg Gi cÖfve -
GB mg‡q wcKv‡mvi fv¯‹©‡h GKwU bZzb
Aa¨‡qi m~Pbv Ki‡jb| Avwd«Kvb AvwU©i †mB mnR
mijZv wZwb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jb Zvi fv¯‹©‡h †hLv‡b
wZwb Lye Kg d©g e¨envi K‡ib| wcKv‡mv fv¯‹©h
wb©gv‡b cyivZb †mB HwZn¨MZ aviv †K cwiZ¨vM
K‡i bZzb fv‡e we‡k¦i mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡jb|
wcKv‡mvi 1909 mv‡j Kiv Head of a
Woman, 1909 (Figure 20) fv¯‹©h †K
wKDwe÷ avivi fv¯‹©h ejv nq|
Figure 20, Head of a Woman, Plaster, 1909
20
wcKv‡mv Zvi bZzb ‡KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jb kvwiwiK MVb‡K †f‡½ hv wesk kZ‡K G‡m AviI gy³ I
¯^vaxb fv‡e fv¯‹©h wb©gv‡b ¸iyZ¡c~b© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| wcKv‡mv g~jZ †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Avwd«Kv
wk‡íi †eva ev fvebvUv‡K| hw`I Avwd«Kvb wkí ev¯—eZvUv‡KB GKUz wfbœ fv‡e †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
Dcmsnvi -
wcKv‡mv Avwd«Kvb wk‡íi hv`y Øviv gy» n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb e‡jb †h, Avwd«Kvb wkí Zv‡K
cwie©Zb K‡i‡`q Zvi AvKvi ˆkjx‡K GKRb ga¨¯’Kvix wn‡m‡e| wZwb Avwd«Kvb wkí‡K e¨vL¨v
K‡ib g~jZ ga¨¯’Kvix wn‡m‡e wkí I ARvbv †fŠwZK †Kvb kw³i g‡a¨| Avwd«Kvb wkí n‡”Q
GKvU hv`yKix kw³ hv Avgv‡`i fq¼i †Kvb wKQz †_‡K DËiY K‡i| cve‡jv wcKv‡mv Avwd«Kvb
wk‡íi bv ejv K_v, bv ejv fve †K †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wZwb Zv‡`i Av‡eM, Zv‡`i bv›`wbKZv I
¯^vaxbZv‡K wZwb Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb AvaywbK wkíKjvq|
21
Z_¨ m~Î t
1. Bacquart, Jean Baptiste. Tribal Arts of Africa. Thames and Hudson, 2002 2. Bishop, Phillip. Adventures in the Human Spirit. New Jersey, Prentice Hall,
2002
3. Cowling, Elizabeth. Interpreting Matisse Picasso. Millbank. Tate Publishing,
2002
4. 4.Cowling, Elizabeth, et al. Matisse Picasso. Millbank, Tate Publishing, 2002
5. Duerden, Dennis. African Art: An Introduction. London, New York, Hamlyn,
1974
6. Huffington, Arianna Stassinopoulos. Picasso: Creator and Destroyer. New
York, Simon and Shuster, 1998
7. Goldwater, Robert. Primitivism in Modern Art. Cambridge Massachusetts
and London England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1986
8. Grimaldi, Forum. Arts of Africa. Monaco, Skira Publishing, 2005
9. Karmel, Pepe. Picasso and the Invention of Cubism. New Haven, Yale
University Publishing, 2003
10. Mailer, Norman. Portrait of Picasso as a Young Man: An Interpretive
Biography. New York, Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995
11. O’Riley, Michael Kampen. Art Beyond the West. New York, Harry and
Abrams, 2002
12. Patrick, Frank. Preebles’s Art Forms: An Introduction to Visual Arts 9th Ed.
New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 2008
13. Pekenham, Thomas. The Scramble for Africa. NewYork: Random House,
1991
14. Price, Christine. Made in West Africa. Dutton, 1975
15. Spurling, Hilary. The Unknown Matisse. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1998
16. Stein, Gertrude. The Autobiography of Alice B. Tolkas. New York, Vintage
Books,1990
17. Wikipediya.