Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
-
Upload
michelle-ranges -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
1/23
Primitivism, Oral Tradition, andNative American Myths
A belief in the value of what issimple and unsophisticated,expressed as a philosophy oflife or through art or literature
A belief in the superiority of asimple way of life close tonature
A belief in the superiority ofnonindustrial society to that of
the presentThe style of art of primitivepeoples or primitive artists
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
2/23
Oral Tradition: Myths & Legends
Literary Devices
• Repetition• n!meration
• "ncrementaldevelopment
• Rit!al #eginningsand endings
• $se o% archaiclang!age
• peci%icstr!ct!re
• Terse style
Functions of Myth
Myths convey …
•Beliefs about nature of
physical world
•Beliefs about socialorder and appropriate
behavior
•Beliefs about humannature and the problem
of good and evil
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
3/23
'haracteristics o% Myths
• Myths describe and relate to theprimal world
• Beings are animal spirits in more orless human form
• Mythic age flows into age oftransformation (legends
'haracteristics o% Legends
• !ulture hero or transformerorders the world
• !ulture hero or transformer
turns animal people intoanimals
• "ther beings becomelandmar#s
• $lows into historical time (real
heroes
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
4/23
$unctions of %ative American
&iterature• Beliefs about nature of physical world
• Beliefs about social order and appropriatebehavior
• Beliefs about human nature and theproblem of good and evil
• Beings are animals spirits in more or less
human form
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
5/23
'lements of Mythology
• Myths explain things They may be told for entertainment, butthey also teach cultural values They often explain such importantmatters as how human beings came into existence, or trivial
matters such as why rabbits have short tails• Myths contain supernatural elements They usually have gods orgoddesses or figures associated with divinities as charactersThese figures may be human, animals, or other living things, oreven inanimate beings
• Myths have dreamli#e )ualities Mythic stories typically ta#e place
in a timeless past, and they contain fantastic and symbolicelements often connected with dreams &i#e dreams, myths canbring out human beings* worst fears and dearest wishes
• Myths can be both serious and humorous Though some myths,such as dramatic stories of the +ree#s, are serious, otherscontain humorous elements as well
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
6/23
Mythical & '!lt!ral (eroes
• ramati-e prototypical events and behaviors
• .how how to do what is right and how we become the
people we are
• "ften of divine birth
• .hape the world and gives it its character by theft of sun,
fire, or water
• Myths are not concerned with original owners, only with
culture hero/s ac)uisition of sacred ob0ects
)ey *ig!res
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
7/23
Tric+ster (eroes• 1se cunning and tric#ery to achieve their
goals
• Are often motivated by physical desires(hunger, greed, sex
• "ften give 2gifts3 to man#ind
• !an fre)uently transform in their physical
shape
According to .' .chlosser of Tricksters: Native American
Trickster Tales and other Trickster Folklore4
2A Tric#ster is a mischievous or roguish figure in myth or fol#lorewho typically ma#es up for physical wea#ness with cunning and
subversive humor The Tric#ster alternates between cleverness and
stupidity, #indness and cruelty, deceiver and deceived, brea#er of taboos
and creator of culture3
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
8/23
Raven & 'oyote
)o+opelli & randmother pider
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
9/23
'ommon Themes
• *ormation o% the -orld thro!gh str!ggle and ro##ery.Paci%ic coast/
• Movement %rom a s+y -orld to a -ater -orld #y means o% a%all
• arth0diver mytha1 %lood that occ!rred a%ter creation o% the !niverse#1 recreation o% the present -orld o!t o% m!d #ro!ght!p %rom !nder the -ater #y the earth0 diver .m!s+rator -ater#ird/
• The%t o% %ire
• mergence myths:a1 ascent o% #eings %rom !nder the s!r%ace o% the earth toits s!r%ace#1 ascent %rom a series o% !nder-orlds
• Migration myths: accompany emergence myths
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
10/23
The No#le avage
• Main Definition: a primitive h!man ascharacteri2ed in literat!re, representing nat!ralgoodness and simplicity -hen not enc!m#ered #ycivili2ation
• Cultural Definition: omeone -ho #elongs to an3!ncivili2ed4 gro!p or tri#e and is considered to #e,
conse5!ently, more -orthy than people -ho live-ithin civili2ation1 Many -riters and thin+ersthro!gh the cent!ries o% 6estern civili2ation have#elieved in the no#le savage1
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
11/23
"mages o% 3The No#le avage4
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
12/23
Wintu Woman, 19th Century
76hen -e "ndians +ill meat, -eeat it all !p1 6hen -e dig roots,-e ma+e little holes1 6hen -e#!ild ho!ses, -e ma+e littleholes1 6hen -e #!rn grass %orgrasshoppers, -e don8t r!inthings1 6e sha+e do-n acornsand pine n!ts1 6e don8t chopdo-n the trees1 6e only !sedead -ood1 9!t the -hite peopleplo- !p the gro!nd, p!ll do-nthe trees, +ill everything1 111 the
6hite people pay noattention1 111(o- can the spirito% the earth li+e the 6hiteman 111 every-here the 6hiteman has to!ched it, it is sore17
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
13/23
Mourning Dove Salish1888-193
3 111111 everythingon the earth has ap!rpose, everydisease an her# toc!re it, and everyperson a mission1
This is the "ndiantheory o%e;istence14
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
14/23
Pocahontas
(istorians agree that'aptain
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
15/23
The Age of $aith
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
16/23
The %orth4 5uritans
• 6n 789:, a hundred or so 'nglish men and
women settled in 5lymouth, Massachusetts,
fleeing from religious persecution
• An example of such persecution4 ; "ne 'nglishman who had written a pamphlet to
reform the !hurch of 'ngland was put in 0ail, fined,
whipped, had the top of his ears cut off, his forehead
burned with a hot iron, and his nose slit
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
17/23
6
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
18/23
Three 5uritan 5rinciples
• They wished to have their feelings
changed through +od*s grace They
wanted to be cleansed of envy, vanity, and
lust
• They valued plainnessCsimplicity,
especially in church
• They saw their bringing !hristianity to
America as a divine mission
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
19/23
5uritan >riting
?istories?istories >illiam Bradford>illiam Bradford
5oetry5oetry Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet'dward Taylor 'dward Taylor
.ermons.ermons =onathan 'dwards=onathan 'dwards
'dward Taylor 'dward Taylor
The 5urpose of &iterature is
To 'dify (instruct or improve
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
20/23
5uritan Boo#s
• The Bay 5salm Boo# (78D: ; Translations of the Bible*s 5salms@ first boo#
published in America
• The %ew 'ngland 5rimer (78E: ; .pelling and reading boo#
• The ay of oom (7889
; By Michael >igglesworth@ .imple poemabout =udgment day $irst Best .eller
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
21/23
.tyles
• "rnate (decorated
; 5salm 9F (Ging =ames
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
22/23
.tyles
• 5lain ; 5salm 9F (Bay 5salm Boo#
The lord to me a shepherd is
want therefore shall not 6
?e in the folds of tender grass,doth cause me down to lie
To waters calm me gently leads,
restore my path does he
Hea though in valley of death*s shade
6 wal#, none ill 6*ll fear@
Because thou art with me, thy rod
and staff my comfort are
-
8/20/2019 Primitivism-Native American- Age of Fath
23/23
The 'nd of 5uritanism
• %o longer need for theocracy
• 5uritans became guilty of religious
persecution themselves
• .alem >itch Trials
• 7ID:*sA revitali-ation of 5uritanism called
the +reat Awa#ening