PRESENTATION ONCHILLIES BREEDING

PRESENTED BY: Anjum Nazir

PLANT BREEDING &GENETICS

CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Solanales Family: Solanaceae (night shade

family) Genus: Capsicum Specie: annum, frutescence,

baccatum, pubescence, chinense

Ccapsicum baccatum Capsicum chinense

Capsicum frutescens Capsicum pubescens

Capsicum annum

INTRODUCTION Chillie is both a vegetable crop & a spice crop. It is rich source of Vitamin A & C. There are more than 400 varieties of chillies

found all over the world. It is also called as hot pepper, sweet pepper,

bell pepper etc. Its fruit is called as peprika. Both Chillie & Capsicum belong to the same

genus,i.e; Capsicum. Pungency in chillies is due to alkaloid capsaicin. Red color of chillies is due to the pigment

capsanthin. Capsicum/Shimla mirch/bell pepper, is less

pungent.

DIFFERENCE b/w Chilli & Capsicum

chilliCapsicum

C. frutescence known as hot pepper.

Perennial in nature.

White colored flower.

Frits born in clusters and thin peel.

Growth determinate.

More pungent. Vit. - c content

high. Self pollinated. Used as spices.

C. annum known as sweet or bell pepper.

Annual in nature. White, purple &

radish colored flower. Fruits born singly and

thick peel. Growth

indeterminate. Less pungent. Vit.- c content low. Cross pollinated. Used as vegetable.

HISTORY Its species are

native to America ,where they have been cultivated for thousands of years.

The three species C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense evolved from a common ancestor located in the North of the Amazon basin.

CLIMATE

Growing chillies require warm growin environment.

It is raised from sea level to 2000 meter above sea level.

Optimum temperature for fruit set is 24°C.

Night temperature below 10°C fruit set restricted.

Fruit weight, length, girth and pericarp thickness were high at 25°C day and 18°C night temperature.

SOIL & FIELD PREPARATION Chilli can be grown all types of soils from light sandy to heavy clay.

Optimum soil pH for chilli is 5.8 to 6.5.

Very sensitive to water logging.

Thoroughly plough the land 3-4 times followed by planking to level the field

IRRIGATION

Chilli plant cannot withstand water stagnation & excess moisture.

Hence light irrigation &proper drainage is recommended.

Generally crop is irrigated at an interval of 5-6days in summer and 9-10 days in winter.

Sandy soil require frequent irrigation than clay soil.

INTRUSTING

BHUT JOLOKIA IS THE WORLDS HOTTEST

PEPPER.

BREEDING

CHIL

LIES

Chilli is self-pollinating crop. In which pollen grains transfer to

stigma of same flower or different flower in same plant.

Such crops are highly homozygous.

Breeding methods for self pollinating crops;

COMMONLY USED METHODS/ GENERAL BREEDING METHODS

RARELY USED METHODS

Plant introduction Mutation breeding

Selection(pureline, mass selection, )

polyploidy

Hybridization(pedigree, bulk, single seed descent, backcross)

Transgenic breeding

PLANT INTRODUCTION:- It is introducing a plant into new

regions from its growing locality. Proper management is very

important. Material which is to be introduced

should not carry any pest and disease.

MASS SELECTION:- It is oldest method. M.S refers to the selection of

superior plants on the basis of phenotype from a mixed population. Their seeds are bulked &used to raise the next generation.

MERIT:- Good for improvement of old

cultivars& landraces. For purification of improved

cultivars. Mass selected varieties provide

good protection against diseases.

Mass selected varieties are more stable in performance than pure line varieties.

DEMERITS:- Progeny test is not carried out. The product is less uniform than

pure line.

PURE-LINESELECTION: Merits:-

Isolate best genotypes.

Demerits:- Do not

develop new genotype.

Have poor adaptability due to narrow genetic base.

HYBRIDIZATION:- Crossing of two dissimilar plants is

known as Hybridization. A cross is made b/w male parent of

one genotype & female parent of other genotype.

We get F1 hybrid. BULK METHOD:- F2 &subsequent generations are

harvested in bulk, &at the end individual plant selection &evaluation is made in F8.

Superior progenies are released as new cultivar.

SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHOD:- A breeding procedure used with

segreggating populations of self pollinated species in which plants are advanced by single seed from one generation to the next is referred to as SSD method.

In this method, a single seed from each of 1000-2000 plants are bulked to raise nnext generation.

In F3 & subsequent generations one random seed is selected from every plant in population & harvested in bulk to raise the next generation

VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM ANNUM

VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM CHINENSE

VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS

THANKS

FOR

ATTENTION