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!

Future

German Advisory Group on Global Change

%/+9F(

F/+9F(

(B

%/+9F(

(B

PKK!?!

!

Photovoltaics

B

43% is best theoretical efficiency (Si single junction)

! Photons with "!# "#$%#provide no electron-hole pairs

! Photon with "!# &#$%#provides only one electron-hole pair

I!?F/+9F(=&:*';:(;

%/+9F(=#6%<'#

" cheap substrate

" 200 times less semiconductor

" thin active region (less carrier losses)

" based on CIS, CdTe/CdS, a-Si or p-Si

!

TC&**Q=.C&*+6)$$$$$$

S02

2nd Generation Photovoltaics - cheeper

!

Technologies

D,20#)51,8$416#051(9$E$E$E$E$E

" 3>%1

" *3>%1

" 3DF%

" 34!#;34%

" )>%1

" +>%1

" G'7(1>H',2(1&,$%1

" =9#>5#,51(15#4

" :&79*#0

" -),&>0&4

Emerging Trends

###$'(;C6-'%$)'?

!"#$%&'(#$)$*+,"#-,.($%$/$)%"0'1

What about nanotechnology?

" 7-/8%8"9'52".5$#?@0A1"6-10(103"65#B0.$0,"C-0.3-,DE

" F$.10,$'-01.(8805#01",-01)"2-0A.'"#151.$'1G0,-,$'HE

" *"1.-'0A.'"#151.$'1G0/"1-'10% 5#.-'#-.E

" 7.'"#B-0$).52"/0-88-2.10A2'-".-0$).52"/0I,-.",".-'5"/1E

" IJ("#.(,0-88-2.1K0A8-".('-101,"//-'0.3"#0-/-2.'$#0L"6-1023"#B-0,".-'5"/0)'$)-'.5-1E

;'520<-M/-'0`=!"#$%&"'#()*+(,-.

/01#")2#*&.0*)3(,"!4.

!

Dye-Sensitised

Best cells 10.4%

Best sub-modules 8.2%

Strengths

" cheap

Concerns

" low efficiency

" Durability

!

"#$%&'&()*+,-./,0*

Atwater Group -Caltech

2$34,"%,5$6%("78%$#,9:;5<

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(we have this)

" M#)41,8$521#,(1.12$0#5#)02"$),4$1,,&6)(1&,

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(we have this)

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(POCl3 diffusion, screen printing etc)

" M&@>!#*+#0)('0#$<+1()N1)7$),4$OD!$3>%1$5&7)0$2#775

(Using hot-filament CVD, with Echerkon)

" GD%$3>%1$5&7)0$2#775

(in collaboration with TUAT)

" !"1,$.17*$%1712&,

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Optical Characterisation

! !"#$%&%'(#)*+,#"#+&-"%.#&%'(*%(+)/$-.*&'&#)0$%11/.-*&"#(.2%&&#(+-*#($*

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3

WARS Equipment Setup

! >/.&'2*8/%)&*

"-1)-+&'2-&"=0&"#(.2%..%'(*"%3:*

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+'29/&-"*+'(&"'))-$*2'&'"%.-$*

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WARS Equipment Setup

"-1)-+&'2-&"=0&"#(.2%..%'(*"%3:*

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3

WARS Equipment Setup

! >/.&'2*8/%)&*

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3

WARS Equipment Setup

! >/.&'2*8/%)&*

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WARS Equipment Setup

"-1)-+&'2-&"=0&"#(.2%..%'(*"%3:*

>'(.%.&.*'1*G*,%3,)=*#++/"#&-*

+'29/&-"*+'(&"'))-$*2'&'"%.-$*

E,%&-*)%3,&*./9-"+'(&%(//2*)#.-"*

WARS

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

U%DC(='O=L%)6<(%)(

3F(),C&;=7(OC()+&%)(=GcJ

36C6)'%=G3=.'C&;6*&+6'%J`=UC6D%(<=&+=U2L=f=RK

Wars Data @ 532nm

Model data @ 532nm

Wars Data @ 633nm

Model data @ 633nm

Wars Data @ 780nm

Model data @ 780nm

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

U%DC(='O=L%)6<(%)(

3F(),C&;=7(OC()+&%)(=GcJ

36C6)'%=G3=.'C&;6*&+6'%J`=UC6D%(<=&+=U2L=f=PK

Wars Data @ 532nm

Model data @ 532nm

Wars Data @ 633nm

Model data @ 633nm

Wars Data @ 780nm

Model data @ 780nm

" XU73=?(&*,;(?(%+*=B&5(=F;'56<(<=

6%+(;(*+6%D=<&+&=;(5(&C6%D=)'?FC(W=

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" 1'<6O6)&+6'%='O=XU73=-6+=G#6+B=6%+(D;&+6%D=

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6?F;'5(<

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Microscopy/Characterisation

!"#$%&#%'(

" !"#$%&'()*'+$,-).,)/0

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Microscopy/Characterisation

" 8(C6,?=L'%=16);'*)'F9='O=:,C-/B(+(;'b,%)+6'%=F'C9?(;=*'C&;=)(CC

" E(<=:9=0'%%6(=7'<(%:,;D=G3B(OO6(C<JQ=3+,&;+=>'<(%

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!

Moth-eyes

" ./8P"#$%&%'()*+,#))%-'.'(+/0-%#)%1+#+(-#23#&+0*#'(%+.'+-%4-#0).$%+.'2%5+#'2+-%230%1+-%4&%0).6'7+! .--(*'(*2'&,P-=-.

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!

Biomimetic moth-eyes

" !"##$%&'($)*&$#'+&($'&$&,%$-$."/&*00*/.&+1&.(*&%*0#*/.$1/*&)%+)*%."*'2

" 3+%&("4(*'.&)*%0+%-$1/*&)"##$%&(*"4(.5&'($)*&$1,&$%%$6&)*%"+,&'(+7#,&

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" B#=P&"#+%(3*('&*3''$*-('/3,

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Samples

Haze Results (via integrating sphere)

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WARS Results

3

FDTD Modelling

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