Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18081808

Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18081808

James Madison James Madison Becomes PresidentBecomes President

James Madison James Madison Becomes PresidentBecomes President

Dolly MadisonDolly MadisonDolly MadisonDolly Madison

1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars1. Napoleonic Wars

Q 1806 1806 Berlin Decrees Berlin Decrees =“Continental =“Continental System” System”

Q 1806 1806 Britain issued the “Order Britain issued the “Order in in Council.” Council.”

Q 1807 1807 Milan Decrees Milan Decrees

Q 1808-1811 1808-1811 Britain impressed Britain impressed over over 6,000 American 6,000 American sailors. sailors.

2. Chesapeake “Affair”2. Chesapeake “Affair”2. Chesapeake “Affair”2. Chesapeake “Affair”Q June 21, 1807.June 21, 1807.

Q Br. Captain fired on the USS Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake.Chesapeake.

Q 3 dead, 18 wounded.3 dead, 18 wounded.

Q Br. Foreign Office said it was a Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake.mistake.

Q Jefferson’s Response:Jefferson’s Response:

Forbade Br. ships to dock in Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports.American ports.

Ordered state governors to call Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 up as much as 100,000 militiamen.militiamen.

Chesapeake-Leopard Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”“Affair”

Chesapeake-Leopard Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair”“Affair”

3. The Embargo Act 3. The Embargo Act (1807)(1807)

The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

3. The Embargo Act 3. The Embargo Act (1807)(1807)

The “OGRABME” TurtleThe “OGRABME” Turtle

Q Forbade export of all goods from the Forbade export of all goods from the US.US.

Q Unexpected Consequences: Unexpected Consequences: Unexpected?Unexpected?

1807 exports 1807 exports $108 mil. $108 mil.

1808 exports 1808 exports $ 22 mil. $ 22 mil.

4. The Non-Intercourse 4. The Non-Intercourse Act Act (1809)(1809)

4. The Non-Intercourse 4. The Non-Intercourse Act Act (1809)(1809)Q Replaced the Embargo Act.Replaced the Embargo Act.

Q Reopened trade with all nations Reopened trade with all nations EXCEPT Britain and France.EXCEPT Britain and France.

Q Remained U. S. policy until 1812.Remained U. S. policy until 1812.

Q Unexpected Consequences:Unexpected Consequences:

NE was forced to become self-NE was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories sufficient again [old factories reopened].reopened].

Laid the groundwork for US Laid the groundwork for US industrial power.industrial power.

Jefferson, a critic of an industrial Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!Hamilton’s view of the US!

Macon’s Bill #2Macon’s Bill #2

QReplaced “non-intercourse”Replaced “non-intercourse”QReopened trade with all Reopened trade with all

countriescountriesQIf either Britain or France If either Britain or France

agreed to recognize our agreed to recognize our neutral rights, we’d cut off neutral rights, we’d cut off trade with the other one.trade with the other one.

5. Br. Instigation of 5. Br. Instigation of IndiansIndians

5. Br. Instigation of 5. Br. Instigation of IndiansIndians

British General Brock Meets with British General Brock Meets with TecumsehTecumseh

British General Brock Meets with British General Brock Meets with TecumsehTecumseh

6. “War Hawks” in 6. “War Hawks” in CongressCongress

6. “War Hawks” in 6. “War Hawks” in CongressCongress

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

Henry Clay Henry Clay [KY][KY]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun [SC][SC]

Political Cartoon of the Political Cartoon of the PeriodPeriod

Political Cartoon of the Political Cartoon of the PeriodPeriod

Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812

Presidential Election of Presidential Election of 18121812

““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”““Mr. Madison’s War!”Mr. Madison’s War!”

American ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsAmerican ProblemsQ The US was unprepared militarily:The US was unprepared militarily:

Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’sHad a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships.800 ships.

Americans disliked a draft Americans disliked a draft preferred to enlist in the preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias.disorganized state militias.

Q Financially unprepared:Financially unprepared:

Flood of paper$ (B.U.S. expired Flood of paper$ (B.U.S. expired 1811)1811)

Revenue from import tariffs Revenue from import tariffs declined.declined.

Q Regional disagreementsRegional disagreements

Overview of the WarOverview of the WarOverview of the WarOverview of the War

Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813

Attack on Ft. Oswego, Attack on Ft. Oswego, 18141814

Attack on Ft. Oswego, Attack on Ft. Oswego, 18141814

The White House Is The White House Is Burning;Burning;

The British Are Coming, The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!AGAIN!!

(August 24, 1814)(August 24, 1814)

The White House Is The White House Is Burning;Burning;

The British Are Coming, The British Are Coming, AGAIN!!AGAIN!!

(August 24, 1814)(August 24, 1814)

Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,

18141814

Battle of Fort Battle of Fort McHenry,McHenry,

18141814

And the rockets red glareAnd the rockets red glareThe bombs bursting in air…The bombs bursting in air… -- -- Francis Scott KeyFrancis Scott Key

Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,

That our flag was still That our flag was still there..there..

Gave proof through the Gave proof through the night,night,

That our flag was still That our flag was still there..there..

The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815

The Battle of New The Battle of New Orleans, 1815Orleans, 1815

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

Jackson’s Florida Jackson’s Florida CampaignsCampaigns

Hartford ConventionHartford ConventionHartford ConventionHartford Convention

December, 1814 – January, December, 1814 – January, 18151815

Manifestation of NE opposition Manifestation of NE opposition to the warto the war

Considered secession: war not Considered secession: war not in NE interestsin NE interests

Proposed several Proposed several constitutional amendmentsconstitutional amendments

2/3 vote required for entry of 2/3 vote required for entry of new statesnew states

No embargo for more than 60 No embargo for more than 60 daysdays

Any restriction of trade with a Any restriction of trade with a specific country requires a 2/3 specific country requires a 2/3 votevote

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

Treaty of GhentTreaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814December 24, 1814

The The status quo antestatus quo ante..

Results of the WarResults of the War

• Results more important than Results more important than eventsevents

• Battle of New Orleans was Battle of New Orleans was how Americans defined the how Americans defined the war: We Win!!war: We Win!!

• Andrew Jackson becomes Andrew Jackson becomes national heronational hero

• Generated nationalism and Generated nationalism and desire for economic desire for economic independenceindependence