Presenter David Steinhart Director, Commonweal Juvenile Justice Program
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1 Pacific Juvenile Defender Center California Juvenile Justice Policy & Legislation Update Loyola Law School, Los Angeles November 20, 2009 Presenter David Steinhart Director, Commonweal Juvenile Justice Program
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Pacific Juvenile Defender Center California Juvenile Justice Policy & Legislation Update Loyola Law School, Los Angeles November 20, 2009. Presenter David Steinhart Director, Commonweal Juvenile Justice Program. PRESENTATION COVERAGE. California youth arrest and incarceration trends - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Presenter David Steinhart Director, Commonweal Juvenile Justice Program
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Pacific Juvenile Defender Center
California Juvenile Justice Policy & Legislation Update
Loyola Law School, Los Angeles November 20, 2009
PresenterDavid Steinhart Director, Commonweal Juvenile Justice Program
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California youth arrest and incarceration trends
CA juvenile justice realignment update (SB 81)o State and county impact since enactmento 2009 “accountability” amendments to SB 81
CA Legislative Updateo Budget outcomes for juvenile justice programso Bill outcomes and two year bills still pending
Federal Youth Violence & Gang Legislationo Youth Promise Act, Feinstein Gang Abatement Act, JJDPA Renewal
Major juvenile justice policy issues on the agenda for 2010
PRESENTATION COVERAGE
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California Youth Arrest & Incarceration Trends
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87916 8564082748
76104
6850363889 63993
61539 60878 59871 6116165189 66191 65163
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Total Juv. Felony Arrests (left scale) Fel. Arrest Rate Per 100,000 (right scale)
Source: California Department of Justice
California Juvenile Felony Arrests andJuvenile Felony Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2008
5
California Arrests for VIOLENT CRIMESJuvenile and Adult Arrest Rate Per 100,000
1995-2007
100
200
300
400
500
600
70019
95
1996
1997
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Juvenile Adult
Source: California Department of Justice
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California Juvenile Justice SystemReferrals to Probation & Petitions Filed
2002 – 2008
129,029
65,151
154,954
87,297
169,681
86,283
194,670
98,919
207,298
104,094
203,526
101,816
220,896
112,383
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Referrals to Probation Petitions filedSource: California Department of Justice
Referrals 71%
Petitions 73%
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California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesAverage Daily Populations
By placement type in mid-2008 (TOTAL ADP = 15,900)
4,300
6,800
3,0001,800
State Div. Juv. FacilitiesCounty campsCounty juvenile hallsGroup Homes
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research)
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California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesAdmissions of Delinquency Cases
by Facility Type in 2008Total Admissions = 130,000 Juveniles
3,200
13,400
600
113,000
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000
Group homeplacement
Co. ProbationCamps
Co. Juv. Halls
Div Juv Justice
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research)
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California Juvenile Justice FacilitiesAverage Length of Stay for Delinquency Cases
By Facility Type (2007/08, in days)
1075
117
22
305
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
DJF (FirstCommits.)
Co. ProbationCamp
Co. Juv. Hall
Group Home(est.)
ALOS in DAYS
Sources: CA Corrections Standards Authority, CA Division of Juvenile Justice, CA Department of Social Services (Berkeley Center for Social Services Research)
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California Transfers of Juveniles to Adult Criminal Court 2004 - 2008
252 318 275 335
283 343
724866
535661
929
11231201
399
654
0200400600800
100012001400
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Juvenile court remand to adult courtProsecutor direct file in adult courtTotal transferred to adult court
Source: California Department of Justice
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Adult Court Dispositions of Juvenile Cases – 2008
(N = 746 dispositions)
Convicted616 (83%)
Dismissed,Acquitted orRt’d to Juv.
Ct.132 (17%)
Prison/ Youth Authority358 (58%)
Probation17 (3%)
Probation with Jail215 (35%)
Jail9 (2 %)
Fine / Other17 (3%)
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SB 81– Juvenile Justice Realignment Update
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SB 81- Essential Elements of the Reform
Effective September 2007 Banned all future DJF commitments of “non-
violent” youth (“non 707(b) offenders”) Exception: non-707(b) sex offenders
Phased all non-707(b) wards out of DJF institutions and off the DJF parole caseload
Established the Youthful Offender Block Grant to pay counties for local juvenile offender options
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SB 81 at the two year mark-- State impact:
Steep decline in DJF population
SEPT 2007 SEPT 2008 SEPT 2009Percent Change2007-09
DJF total inmate
population2,446 1,808 1,639 DOWN 33%
Non 707’s in DJF
institutions696 263 72 DOWN
90%
Non 707’s on DJF Parole
576 195 53 DOWN 92%
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California Division of Juvenile Facilities (former CYA)
Institutional Population1996 – 2008 (as of December 31 each year)
9572
85998083
76667305
6497
5557
4696
36782999
26472293
1734
01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000
10,000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Source: Ca. Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation
16
835
532
810
90
6
641
74
6
462
82
5
397
125
5
330
171
20
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Est
Juvenile Court (DJF commitment)Criminal Court (sentenced to prison, housed in DJF to age 18)Criminal Court (direct DJF commitment)
____ __________ __ ____ __ _________ ___ __________ __ _______ _____ ______ _____
___
DJF First Commitments by Court of Commitment and admissions of “housing”
(state prison) cases 2004 – 2009 est
Source: CA Division of Juvenile Facilities, Research Branch
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$36,118$39,425$40,528$43,565$49,111$56,247$63,961$83,223
$92,545
$115,000
$178,000
$218,000
$252,000
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Sources: CA state budgets, CA Dept. of Finance, CA Div. of Juvenile Justice,
Consent decree adoptedIn Farrell litigation
California Division of Juvenile Facilities (former CYA)
Per ward/ per year Institutional Cost1996 - 2008
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Picture is fragmented due to: No county plans past year No state monitoring, no county reports on SB 81 funded
programs “Shift” cases are hard to identify
Where is the displaced caseload going? Juvenile hall commitments: more of them, & they are
longer Specialized camp programs- e.g. at Challenger in Los
Angeles Older youth paroled from DJF have been banked on adult
probation Program development may be impeded by using SB 81
funds to supplant other probation costs
SB 81 at the two year mark- County impact and program development
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County SB 81- YOBG allocations 10 largest for FY 09/10 (in $ millions)
$26.4
$2.6
$3.1
$3.1
$3.1
$4.4
$5.8
$6.9
$7.7
$8.2
$22.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
All others
Fresno
S. Clara
Kern
Alameda
Sac'mento
Riverside
Orange
S. Diego
S. B'do
L.A.
$ Millions FY 09-10
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SB 81 Amendments (2009)YOBG “accountability”
requirementsWhy were amendments needed? No monitoring of how counties spend $93 million/year Complaints about how counties are spending YOBG funds Need to document spending to sustain YOBG funding
What the amendments do (SB 13X4 effective 7-28-09) Annual plan requirement
County must file annual spending plan w/ CSA
Annual expenditure reports Must be filed by Oct. 1 each year with CSA
Performance outcome measures Modeled on JJCPA measures Youth outcomes must be tracked for YOBG programs CSA must compile & publish annual summaries
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California Legislative Report:Juvenile Justice Budget
and Bill Outcomes for 2009
California Juvenile JusticeBudget and Bill Outcomes
for 2009
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State-Local Juvenile Justice FundsBudget outcomes FY 07/08 – FY 09/10
ProgramFY 07/08
Final Budget
FY 08/09Final Budget
with VLF backfill
FY 09/10Final Budget
With VLF backfill
Juv. Justice CrimePrevention Act $ 119 million $ 82 million $ 107 millionJuvenile Probation and Camp Funds $ 201 million $ 139 million $ 181 millionYouthful OffenderBlock Grant (SB 81)
$ 24 million $ 66 million $ 93 million
CalGRIP gang program grants $10 million $10 million $ 9 million
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California Legislation Division of Juvenile Justice bills to cut incarceration
time AB 1053 (Solorio), signed: Advances release dates for DJF wards AB 999 (Skinner), two year bill– new time-add & time-credit rules
SB 399 (Yee): Juvenile LWOP Modified version stopped again in the Assembly
SB 678 (Leno): Community corrections for probation violators
State pays counties to keep probation violators in local programs County fund based on # violators not sent to state prison Goal: cut state prison pop. and cost, improve community offender
services
AB 1516 (Lieu): Prosecution-directed mental health exams
Defendant (juv. or adult) must submit to prosecution MH exam if def. counsel discloses expert on defendant’s mental state
Responds to Verdin v. Sup. Ct. holding that only Legislature can so authorize
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Two year bills “still on the table” for 2010
AB 12 (Beall): Extended foster care benefits to age 21 AB 114 (Carter): Balanced and Restorative Justice programs AB 438 (Beall): Juvenile & adult offenders with
developmental disabilities SB 134 (Lieu): Rights of incarcerated juveniles to
communicate with their children SB 441 (Ducheny): Reconfigure the Corrections Standards
Authority
See Steinhart Leg. Digest for details, or go to www.leginfo.ca.gov
California Legislation
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Youth Promise Act (Rep. Bobby Scott- H.R. 3846) Would invest $3 billion in youth crime prevention & gang outreach
programs Local Promise Coordinating Councils allocate funds Heavy emphasis on alternatives to incarceration, evidence-based
practices Broad bi-partisan support in the House of Rep.
Gang Abatement Act (Feinstein– S. 132) Competes with Youth Promise Act- only 1 bill likely to emerge from
Congress Focuses federal funds on law enforcement, gang suppression
programs Increases federal penalties, widens definitions of criminal gang
activity
JJDPA Reauthorization Senate renewal version (Leahy, Kohl & Specter)- S. 678 Strengthens core JJDPA mandates on jail removal, status offenders,
DMC May include new incentive grants for mental health, re-entry
services
Federal Legislation
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California Policy Issues in Play for 2010
A. Shut down the state Div. of Juvenile Facilities? Proponents and proposals in play Cost pressures on CDCR and DJF are paramount Pros/ cons/ prospects for total closure
B. Overhaul state-local JJ program funding? Consolidation proposals to merge JJ funding streams Evidence based requirements tied to funds Restructure state agencies that administer funds State budget crisis / deficit still dominates in 2010
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California Policy Issues in Play for 2010
C. Mentally ill juvenile offenders? JJ facilities (state & local) packed with mental health
cases Loss of funds– MHSA not filling gaps MediCal eligibility problems for incarcerated youth Models of reform: Cal Endowment “HRI”, MIOCR
programs Legislator interest in reform
D. Election year politics AG and Governor’s candidates will square off on crime &
corrections Gang violence likely to be a hot issue Budget will be still be a mess in 2010: another big deficit
year Administration will turn over in 2011– lame duck year
ahead
