Presented at the NC Clean Smokestacks Act Sections 12 & 13

A Software Tool for Estimating A Software Tool for Estimating Mercury Emissions and Reductions Mercury Emissions and Reductions

from from Coal-Fired Electric Utilities (EU)Coal-Fired Electric Utilities (EU)

Presented at the NC Clean Smokestacks Act Sections 12 & 13

Mercury and CO2 Control Options Assessment Workshop Raleigh, NC April 19, 2004

Jeffrey D. Cole C. Clark Allen, Ph.D. [email protected] [email protected]

(919) 990-8606 (919) 990-8645

Case-By-Case MACT for Case-By-Case MACT for New Coal-fired EU UnitsNew Coal-fired EU Units

40 CFR Part 63 Subpart B, Title 5.Tool for evaluating alternatives for mercury

control.Case-by-case MACT is applicable until

nationally applicable MACT standardTool is not required for a case-by-case analysis. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/combust/utiltox/utoxpg

.html

US EPA EU Mercury Software Tool

Software for Electric Utility Mercury ControlsSoftware for Electric Utility Mercury Controls

Sponsored by U.S. EPA.Coal-burning electric utilities.Predicts the amount of mercury control for

conventional electric utility pollution control devices.

Allows the use of site-specific information.Provides very detailed reports of the results.


Basis of the Model’s Electric Utility Basis of the Model’s Electric Utility Equipment ConfigurationsEquipment Configurations

1999 EPA ICR Part III emission test reports (79 separate units, 80 total [1 tested twice]).

Follow up telephone interviews.Information provided by the EU company.Company review and feedback.


Fuel Usage and CharacterizationFuel Usage and Characterization

Provided by the EU company throughout 1999.

Fuel characterization.– Fuel type (bituminous, subbituminous, lignite..)– Fuel amount combusted for each unit– Fuel characterization, mercury content, other

characteristicsAllows the use of site-specific information.


Stack Tests for Electric Utility Mercury ControlsStack Tests for Electric Utility Mercury Controls

Sponsored by EU companies.Different types of conventional pollution

controls were evaluated.Measured mercury rates in coal, in gas

going into the control unit, and in the gas leaving the control unit.

Formal reports with quality assurance.


Types of Furnaces and Conventional Types of Furnaces and Conventional Air Pollution Controls TestedAir Pollution Controls Tested

Conventional furnace, Fluidized-Bed Combustion (FBC), and Integrated Gassification Combined-Cycle (IGCC).

Particulate controls:– Electrostatic Precipitators (both hot-side and cold-side)– Fabric filters– Particulate scrubbers– Mechanical collectors (multiclone).

Sulfur controls: Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD), Spray Dryer Absorber.

Nitrogen oxide controls: Selective Catalytic Reduction, Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction.


Steps for Using the SoftwareSteps for Using the Software

Select the plant.Select the unit at the plant.Examine the existing controls and current

estimated mercury air emissions.Evaluate other control options.Print reports.


Method for Estimating the Effectiveness of the Method for Estimating the Effectiveness of the Mercury Controls, I Bin Method.Mercury Controls, I Bin Method.

Test results are grouped by similar types of units and controls (bins).

Identify the bin that is most similar to the unit of interest.

Apply the bin control efficiency to the 1999 site specific conditions.

Estimate the mercury emission rate for the controls that you have selected.


Method for Estimating the Effectiveness of the Method for Estimating the Effectiveness of the Mercury Controls, II Speciation Method.Mercury Controls, II Speciation Method.

Evaluate the mercury speciation for the coal type and furnace type: particulate, ionic, and elemental

Evaluate the control effectiveness of each control type for each mercury species.

Apply these factors to the 1999 site-specific conditions.

Sum the remaining mercury species for the controls you have selected to estimate the total mercury emission rate.


Uncertainty Analysis for the ResultsUncertainty Analysis for the Results

Expected mercury air emissions from the analysis.

Range of results due to uncertainty.Detailed report of the statistics.


Special Features and OptionsSpecial Features and Options

Select control technology combinations not included in the test program.

Consider site specific factors. Examine alternative controls (fuel type, furnace

equipment combinations). Automatic warnings. Automatic site-specific control technology suggestions. Are other units using the control technology

suggestions?


ConclusionsConclusions

Tool for estimating mercury air emissions only. Uses an extensive database. Equipped with detailed reporting utilities.


Presented at the NC Clean Smokestacks Act Sections 12 & 13

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Transcript of Presented at the NC Clean Smokestacks Act Sections 12 & 13