Article review• Title: Patellofemoral Joint Force and Stress Between a Short-

and Long-Step Forward Lunge• Authors: Rafael f. Escamilla, et al (2008)• Methods: Subjects were without a history of PFPS and

performed forward-lunge with weights. Long- and short-step lunges, and with and without stride lunges were performed and analyzed.

• Results: Joint force and stress were increased when flexing knee more during descent phase, and decreased when extending knee during ascending phase.

• Conclusion: Joint force and stress were greater with short-step lunge with stride. Knee flexion between 0-50˚ may be appropriate during the early phases of rehabilitation. For later phases, knee angles of 60-90˚ may be beneficial to strengthen.

Article review• Title: Patellofemoral Joint kinetics While Squatting With and

Without an External Load• Authors: David Wallas, et al (2002)• Methods: The subjects performed squats with & without

external load. Anthropometric data, 3D kinematics with Vicon system, ground reaction force were used to collect and calculate data.

• Results: The joint force and stress was the largest at 90˚of knee flexion.

• Conclusion: Joint stress increases as the knee flexion angle increases and external resistance increases joint stress. considering terminal joint flexion angles and resistance would be needed.