Presentation -Telescopes - The Square Kilometre Array - Phil Crosby
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Transcript of Presentation -Telescopes - The Square Kilometre Array - Phil Crosby
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8/7/2019 Presentation -Telescopes - The Square Kilometre Array - Phil Crosby
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The Square Kilometre Array -
Challenges, Opportunities, and Industry
Involvement
Phil Crosby
SKA Program Development Office
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Observing the Universe
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Many Science Questions Remain
How were the first stars and galaxies formed?
What is the large scale structure of the universe?
Dark Energy DarkMatter
What is the origin and evolution of cosmicmagnetic fields?
Was Einstein right? Can we detect gravitational
waves?
Planet formation and the Cradle of Life
Will we find ET?
EXPLORATION OF THE UNKNOWN
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The Challenges of Radio Astronomy
The signals are extremely weak.
We need huge antennas to capture them
They need to be in special places
Astronomers compete with noise
From radio, TV, phones, machines, etc
From the equipment itself, amplifiers etc
Signals are buried in the noise
Need smart techniques to resolve This means huge computing power
Large amounts of data to handle
Pushing boundaries in capacity, speed and
storage
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SKAMovie 3 minutes
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The SKA will be the largest scientific instrumenton the planet
A next generation global radio astronomy facility
To be built in eitherSouthern Africa, orAustralia
Will operate between around 70 MHz to 25 GHz
50 times the sensitivity and 8000 times the survey speed of currentinstruments
a collecting area of around 1 million square meters over a vast
unpopulated area
a combination of3000-5000 dishes and wide FoV antennas
will employ beam forming technology on a scale not previously
explored
Needs data transport system and computing power beyond that
available today
Will address fundamental questions about the universe
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FundingAgencies
NASA
NSF
United States of America
CIT / JPL
Cornell U / NAIC
Harvard U / Smithsonian CentreforAstrophysics
MIT / Haystack Observatory
NRAO
Naval Research Lab
SETI
U Cal Berkley
U Illinois
U New Mexico
UWinsconsin
Virginia Tech
UnitedKingdom
UManchester (JBO)
Oxford U
Cambridge U
UGlasgow
Leeds U
Cardiff U
FundingAgencies
EuropeanUnion
NationalGovernments viaResearchCouncils
RadioNet
Sweden
OnsalaSpaceObservatory
Chalmers U ofTech
Italy
NationalInstitute
forAstroph
ysics
France
ParisObservatory
UdOrleans
CentreNationalde laRechercheScientifique
OMMIC
Netherlands
Astron
JIVE
KapteynAstroInst
Leiden U
UGronegan
Portugal
IST-Centra
Spain
FundacionAlcala Nat.AstronomyObservatory
UValencia
Poland
TorunCentreforAstronomy
Germany
Max-PlanckInstituteforRadioAstronomy
Russia
PushchinoAstroSpaceCentre
Australia
CSIRO-ATNF
ICRAR
SwinburneU
U NSW
UMelbourne
U Sydney
UAdelaide
U Tasmania
UWAFundingAgencies
ARC
DIISR
CSIRO
WA Gov
NewZealand
Auckland Uof Tech
Canada
NRC
Laval U
McGill U
Queens U
U Calgary
UMontreal
U Toronto
York U
ACURACASCAFundingAgencies
NRC
NSERC
SouthAfrica
NRF
UKwaZulu-Natal
FundingAgencies
DeptScience &Tech
DeptTrade& Industry
NRF
The SKA Global Network
Over 90 Organisations8 SKA Consortia
SKA Program DevelopmentOffice
Based at University ofManchester, UK
Group of domainspecialists
Mission to deliver acosted design by 2012
IndianConsortium
Raman ResearchInstitute
TATAInst forRadioAstronomy
Nat. Centre forRadioAstronomy
FundingAgencies
Dept of AtomicEnergy
Dept of Science &Tech
China
NAO, ChineseAcademy ofSciences
FundingAgencies
Chinese Academy ofSciences
MoST
DeptScience & Tech
Tsinghua U
Korea
Korean VLBINetwork
Japan
Kagoshima U
NAOJ
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Pb/s0.1 1 Tb/s
Gb/s
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Station
Central
Processing
Facility
Comms links
Max.
Distance for
Dense AAs
Dishes spread
along spiral
Possible Site Schematic
Max. Distance
for Central
Power Distn
DenseAA
SparseAA
Dishes
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Concise Picture ofTechnologyOptions
Numbers of dishes (2000-3000) depends on whether Phased Array Feedsand/or Aperture Arrays are used in the SKA.
Each technology is characterized by a frequency range and field of view.
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Aperture Array Technology
Production Thinking
Courtesy ASTRON, OPAR
Electronic
Sensor
ASTRON Prototype The Netherlands
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PhasedArrayFeed Prototype
One of three
prototypesunder
development.
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Multi-pixel phased array feeds
from Dave Deboer
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Dishes+Single Pixel Feeds
Prototype 15 m
composite dish
USAAllen
Telescope
Array 42x6m
hydroformed
dishes
South Africa
Canadaprototype 10
m composite
dish
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rms error: 0.25 mm
Final MouldAlignment
Composite DishManufacturing(Canada)
Removingfrom Mould Mounted on Drive
rms error: 0.25 mm
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Metal DishManufacturing
12m antenna stretch-formed panels
Patriot Systems
NovelSheet MetalStructure
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Wide field-of-view
Allen Telescope Array
Parkes
Base model SKA
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Correlators Ultimately Built in Industry
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Electricalpower not solved yet
30-50MW (or more!) required for full SKA
Solar potential is high on both sites
24/7 coverage is needed (but short breaks OK)
Requires storage or alternative night-time power source Cost likely to be an issue if not subsidized
Its a tough environment temp, dust, remote
Role for small scale (~ 1MW) systems
Good project for demonstration of solar technology
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The Pre-Cursor Projects
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South Africa + 7 countries
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Australia
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SpectrumMeasurements: 80MHz 1.6 GHz
City
Pop. 4 million
Town
Pop. 6,000
Possible
Site
100MHz 200MHz
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Industry Opportunities
From P. Hall
SummaryofOpportunities in the SKASignal Path
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The SKA will be the largest scientific collaboration on the planet
To meet the SKA timelines, a very high level ofindustry involvement
will be needed, especially R & D, and economical mass production and
deployment.
Broad areas are
Siteworks & infrastructure
SKA Project Support, Tools, Operations &
M
aintenance
High volume production & deployment
Low-medium volume production & deployment
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What kinds of firms should consider participating in the SKA?
Information & Communication Technology (ICT) - hardware, software, digital fibre systems, datamanagement, high-speed / high-volume data processing, control systems, modelling and simulation
systems, networked enabled system deployment & management, integrated circuit design,
fabrication, and test, telecoms systems.
Engineering Construction &Maintenance (ECM) building construction, electrical and
mechanical services, R & D services, environmental services, fibre optic, power, civil engineering,land access consultants, remote infrastructure operations and maintenance, site management &
planning, surveying services.
Advanced Aerospace & Radar Technology and Equipment antenna design and manufacture, image
processing, radio astronomy, receiver feed systems, wideband phased arrays, RF devices, RFI
mitigation.
Advanced Materials andManufacturing - advanced materials, composites, sheet metal fabrication.
Systems Integration &Maintenance project design, execution, interface management, risk
management, scheduling, operations and maintenance of complex distributed systems.
Transport, Training, and Other Goods & Services regional support, recruitment and training,
transport and logistics, community consultation and studies, regulatory monitoring.
I f r tii -s2ICT / lec3ICT ata4ICT istriICT softw6ICT softw7ICT ata8I te rate9TelecomE i eeriildi c2Electrical3E i eeri4E iro m15i re o ti16I frastruc17La d acc18Remote i19ite ma a2Surve i21dva ced22A tenna d23Ima e r24Radio ast25Receiver26RF devic27RFI miti28Com ute29Hi erf3Hi -s e31etworkin32Advanced33Advanced34Advanced34En ineeri36S stems I37Inte rate38Sc edulin39S stems i39Trans ort4Ot er o42Re ional43Trans ort44
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Intellectual Property
SKA has developed a Statement of Intent on IP. Signed by organizations participating in the SKA.
Establishes ground rules on protection, licensing, and donation of foreground and
background IP for the SKA project.
An IP strategy will be developed, with registered ownership Negotiations in the spirit of scientific cooperation.
Signed by legal entities, when that becomes possible.
SKA must have access to IP developed in the national &
regional projects: Some of this will be generated in industry.
Where possible, IP licensed early for the SKA, so that it can be used in open
bidding, rather than giving advantage to a particular supplier.
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To Summarise The SKA is an iconproject a BIG leap.
Answers to key sciencequestions
Challenges yet to besolved
Global collaborationinstitutes & industry
Potential for industry
participation, and spin-off products/IPopportunities. Thank You
Phil Crosby
SKA Program Development Office